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ПостНаука

postnauka

лекция

наука

откуда берутся инфекции

антибиотики

новые болезни

эффективность антибиотиков

болезнь зика

эбола

беррелиоз

туберкулез

эпидемии

малярия

возвращающиеся инфекции

устойчивость к антибиотикам

антибиотики без рецепта

вакцинация

00:00:02

problem, the number of

00:00:04

infectious diseases is rapidly growing, why

00:00:06

new ones have appeared and old long-forgotten infections have returned

00:00:12

[applause]

00:00:15

humanity has finally mastered

00:00:17

the planet, we have reached the most remote

00:00:19

corners of the earth and used it for our own purposes,

00:00:22

but on our new lands their

00:00:24

permanent inhabitants remain

00:00:25

bacteria, viruses, fungi and other

00:00:28

representatives of the microcosm that can

00:00:30

cause infectious diseases the

00:00:33

microcosm of the earth is very rich, we know

00:00:36

about about one percent of bacteria and

00:00:38

half a percent of all existing viruses,

00:00:41

while of all the viruses on earth,

00:00:43

about 800 thousand are potentially dangerous to humans,

00:00:45

and only of them have been more or less studied

00:00:48

to date several

00:00:50

hundred new infections for us we get infected

00:00:53

from animals why does this happen people

00:00:56

disrupt the micro balance of nature we

00:00:58

grow a lot of plant

00:01:00

crops on 40 percent of the

00:01:01

earth's surface free from deserts and glaciers

00:01:04

about our domestic animals 25 times

00:01:07

more than all wild warm-blooded

00:01:09

animals for example ebola is a virus bats

00:01:12

from African tropical forests,

00:01:14

which are now being converted from

00:01:16

cocoa plantations and oil palms, zico disease

00:01:19

also comes from Africa, it is a virus of monkeys

00:01:23

in the forests of the temperate climate zone, it

00:01:24

is inhabited by ticks, carriers of bacteria

00:01:27

barrel, they cause Lyme disease in people, and in

00:01:30

North and South America kiss myclub

00:01:32

and infect people trypanasoma my

00:01:34

single-celled parasites

00:01:37

we humans received all these diseases from the owners of the

00:01:39

natural niches we have developed, how a new

00:01:42

infection enters the human population and

00:01:44

spreads the Ebola virus can be

00:01:47

infected after contact with the

00:01:48

biological fluids of an

00:01:50

infected animal, mainly blood,

00:01:52

and then the virus spreads from

00:01:55

person to person until Ebola is

00:01:57

in the body,

00:01:58

a person remains a carrier of the disease,

00:02:00

in addition to new ones,

00:02:01

long-forgotten infections have been acquired,

00:02:03

which medicine was once able

00:02:05

to defeat

00:02:06

every year, more than a million people die

00:02:08

from tuberculosis and about the same number from

00:02:10

malaria, and in the fall of 2017,

00:02:14

more than 2000 cases of

00:02:16

plague infection were registered

00:02:17

why infections are returning bacteria

00:02:21

viruses develop resistance to our

00:02:24

medicine against them,

00:02:25

tuberculosis pathogens have appeared that do not

00:02:27

respond to the most powerful

00:02:29

anti-tuberculosis drugs and hundreds of

00:02:32

other infectious agents have also become

00:02:34

resistant to antibiotics, for example,

00:02:36

malarial plasmodia,

00:02:38

Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,

00:02:42

antibiotics and antiseptics are used

00:02:44

not only in medicine but also in

00:02:46

agriculture for billions animals need to be

00:02:49

protected from infection, so we add

00:02:51

antibiotics to their food. In the

00:02:54

animal’s body, most of the bacteria die,

00:02:56

but some resistant ones survive and

00:02:58

end up in the soil along with

00:03:00

animal feces. Thus, a super

00:03:03

microbe appears that is not afraid of anything and

00:03:05

ends up, for example, on food products. The number on

00:03:09

earth is rapidly increasing.

00:03:10

people, besides, we often

00:03:12

move a lot around the planet,

00:03:14

so epidemics can be very dangerous

00:03:17

for all of humanity, and while scientists

00:03:19

are developing new ways to combat

00:03:21

diseases, we can independently

00:03:23

prevent infections; it is

00:03:25

enough to follow basic

00:03:27

safety rules, do not take

00:03:29

antibiotics without a prescription, wash your hands

00:03:31

thoroughly, fry or boil

00:03:33

animal products and, most importantly, vaccinations

00:03:36

[music]

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