Download "2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель - Философия для бакалавров"

Please wait. We're preparing links for easy ad-free video watching and downloading.

Next video: Платон. Пир #7. Речь Павсания 2. 182d-185c.

Платон. Пир #7. Речь Павсания 2. 182d-185c.

Платон. Пир #7. Речь Павсания 2. 182d-185c.

Channel: Aleksandr Mishurin

древнегреческая философия

Сократ

Платон

Аристотель

философия

история философии

античная философия

миф о пещере

00:00:09

today we would like to talk to you about the

00:00:12

most outstanding philosophers

00:00:15

of antiquity and even the most

00:00:17

outstanding philosophers in general of

00:00:20

all European even all philosophy about

00:00:22

Socrates, his Plato and Aristotle, well,

00:00:26

firstly, all these philosophers lived in Greece in the

00:00:29

city of Athens, all of them were Athenians,

00:00:31

which means It is now possible to

00:00:34

talk not just about Greek philosophy,

00:00:37

but actually about the birth of the

00:00:39

Athenian school. Sunset was Plato’s teacher.

00:00:43

In general, not much information is known about his life;

00:00:48

moreover,

00:00:51

from time to time in the history of philosophy the

00:00:53

idea arises that Socrates did not

00:00:57

have it at all, it was just a character in Plato’s dialogues

00:01:01

In many ways, this thesis

00:01:05

is favored by the fact that

00:01:07

Socrates, as a matter of principle, did not write any

00:01:10

philosophical works. Socrates, in

00:01:13

general, already in adulthood, somewhere

00:01:15

after 40 years, he devoted himself to

00:01:18

visiting Athens and visiting all sorts of famous

00:01:21

Athenian citizens and just ordinary people.

00:01:24

but to the thinking Athenians he

00:01:26

pestered with all sorts of

00:01:28

inconvenient questions, for example, what is good, what

00:01:31

is courage,

00:01:32

what is beauty, and accordingly he

00:01:34

finished off with the help of some very

00:01:37

incomprehensible questions and answers

00:01:41

from his fellow citizens, while Socrates himself

00:01:43

said that he knew nothing, therefore, in

00:01:46

general, he is really interested and

00:01:49

without the help of his interlocutor he is

00:01:51

not able to come to the truth, that is, if the

00:01:54

Pre-Socratics were interested primarily in

00:01:56

the nature of the structure of the universe and so

00:01:59

on, then Socrates was interested

00:02:01

primarily in man and everything connected with him.

00:02:03

Socrates believed that the structure of the universe is the

00:02:07

structure of the cosmos and so on everything these

00:02:10

things,

00:02:11

the understanding of these things, it is accessible only to

00:02:13

God, we are people, therefore it is

00:02:16

inaccessible to us, but we must therefore

00:02:20

turn to those things in which we

00:02:21

can understand something, this means that we

00:02:24

must turn to human things,

00:02:26

that is, what concerns us is

00:02:27

the structure of social life should I,

00:02:32

that is, how we need to act in this or

00:02:33

that situation, that is, these to

00:02:36

thus, at the center of philosophy, starting with

00:02:40

Socrates, lay in many ways

00:02:42

ethical problems, social

00:02:44

problems, by the way, he agreed that he was an

00:02:47

honest person and was well aware that there were

00:02:49

no guarantees at all that starting conversation about the same

00:02:52

courage

00:02:53

at the same end, those about the same moisture,

00:02:55

we will definitely be able to reach the end and

00:02:58

formulate a definition,

00:02:59

nevertheless, a living search for truth,

00:03:02

constant questioning and

00:03:05

living in accordance with one’s

00:03:07

convictions, this is what Socrates taught and, in

00:03:12

general, it so happened that

00:03:14

Socrates had the sad but very

00:03:16

honorable lot to give up his

00:03:18

life in the name of his beliefs, but Socrates

00:03:22

was not a dogmatist, he was against

00:03:24

asserting some

00:03:26

truths, he was a supporter of just

00:03:28

such a

00:03:29

dialogical method, that is, in a conversation,

00:03:32

jointly seek the truth from Socrates there were

00:03:37

many students who

00:03:39

idolized their teachers,

00:03:41

who believed in their teacher, and when it

00:03:43

so happened that Socrates, who was a

00:03:46

reasonable man and a sincere man,

00:03:49

who was a kind man, was nevertheless

00:03:52

condemned to death, and condemned to

00:03:54

death in full accordance with the laws of the

00:03:57

city of Athens, that is, in general, he from the

00:04:01

point of view of legislation from the point

00:04:02

of view of the world from the point of view of society he was a

00:04:05

criminal and at the same time he spoke

00:04:08

undoubtedly the truth to his students and how did it

00:04:10

happen why a person was punished for telling the truth

00:04:13

and why a person who smokes how to

00:04:17

live must ultimately die

00:04:20

and as the great Russian thinker

00:04:23

Soloviev believed this is the situation, the discrepancy

00:04:26

between the truth of Socrates’ idea and the real

00:04:31

Athenian society served as the starting

00:04:33

point for philosophizing, but perhaps the

00:04:36

most famous student of Socrates,

00:04:39

Plato, and now Platovom began to think about

00:04:42

why this happened or whether

00:04:45

Socrates really was the righteous man of which a very

00:04:49

very gifted person was mistaken, and

00:04:51

maybe there is a second the situation, namely,

00:04:54

that our world that surrounds us, which

00:04:58

we see, has nothing to do

00:05:00

with true reality, and the ideas of Socrates,

00:05:04

the thoughts of Socrates, are nothing more than a

00:05:06

reproduction of the true world, the world of truth, the world of

00:05:09

goodness, the world of beauty, where

00:05:13

everyone is happy and based on this

00:05:17

doubling the world, Plato came to the conclusion that

00:05:20

most likely the whole world is not structured as it

00:05:24

seems at first glance, and then

00:05:27

Plato began to talk about teaching began to

00:05:29

teach that there is a world of ideas and a

00:05:32

world of things,

00:05:33

naturally the world of ideas is the real

00:05:36

authentic reality the

00:05:37

world is broadcasting, but here these shadows or

00:05:41

shadows and shadows of ideas that are formed

00:05:44

on some kind of ethereal,

00:05:47

formless matter that in

00:05:50

itself may not even exist, but I

00:05:54

think that first you still need to

00:05:56

justify

00:05:57

that Plato took this idea about the world of ideas and the world of

00:06:01

things in places that is what there is a

00:06:04

small chance that Plato is really

00:06:06

right, maybe so the things that we

00:06:11

see are not the real world, but the idea

00:06:13

is the real truth about this,

00:06:16

Plato himself told a

00:06:18

great story,

00:06:20

this story is a myth about a cave,

00:06:23

imagine the situation: a prisoner

00:06:26

is sitting in a cave, this prisoner is chained and

00:06:29

chained in such a way to his seat

00:06:33

that he only looks at the wall of the cave

00:06:37

in front of his face, behind the prisoner's back,

00:06:40

other people pass, animals

00:06:44

come running, carts arrive, and even further behind the

00:06:47

prisoner, a bright fire is constantly burning,

00:06:52

respectively, what the chained prisoner sees,

00:06:55

who is constantly looking at the wall of

00:06:58

the cave, of course he sees a shadow, and

00:07:00

since he spent his whole life in this

00:07:03

position, the prisoner knows nothing of what exists except shadows,

00:07:06

and for me, Plato and

00:07:09

you and I are the same prisoners. As for the

00:07:12

structure of the world of ideas, for Plato it is

00:07:14

quite complex and arranged hierarchically, the most

00:07:17

important thing is the highest this idea of

00:07:21

the good is so beautiful and

00:07:23

radiant that people cannot even think about the good

00:07:27

to the end, it blinds them,

00:07:30

so the good can be comprehended intuitively, and

00:07:33

as soon as we begin to think about it, then

00:07:35

these are already some reflections of distortion,

00:07:39

after the good come such higher ideas as

00:07:42

brushes for goodness and beauty,

00:07:45

after these higher ideas come the

00:07:48

wonderful ideas

00:07:50

of numbers, the ideas of numbers before Pluto, they

00:07:53

also play a key role because on the one

00:07:55

hand, numbers are ideas, that is, they are

00:07:57

eternal, they are perfect, but on the other hand,

00:08:00

numbers allow you to connect the

00:08:04

world of ideas and the world of things, after numbers come

00:08:07

ideas, thoughts of specific objects such as

00:08:10

the idea of a book, the idea became the idea of a person, and

00:08:15

then we can talk not about the world of ideas,

00:08:19

but in the world of things, every thing tries to

00:08:23

correspond with its idea, but it doesn’t

00:08:25

work,

00:08:26

why doesn’t it work, but because every

00:08:29

thing is made of matter and the material is

00:08:33

unsuitable; matter, it does not

00:08:36

allow the

00:08:37

ideal plan to be fully embodied; in the same way,

00:08:40

concrete things arise, that is, who

00:08:44

gives birth to these things; they probably

00:08:47

do not arise on their own; according to Plato,

00:08:49

how is this generally the case?

00:08:51

Well, here again, Plato turns to

00:08:54

mythology and he tells no more and

00:08:57

less like a myth of creation, as for

00:09:01

the idea, the question of the creation of the idea is not raised

00:09:04

for the simple reason that eternal ideas

00:09:06

were and will always be, and as for

00:09:10

our world,

00:09:11

that is, in addition to ideas, there is also a certain creator of the

00:09:14

palace on the Greek day, this same

00:09:16

creator, looking in the world of ideas, mothers

00:09:20

are trying to create something that corresponds to these ideas,

00:09:25

but the first creation of this

00:09:27

demiurge will be no one more than a

00:09:29

luminary that in their orbits

00:09:32

makes an eternal constant movement, these

00:09:36

same luminaries they simultaneously [ __ ] and,

00:09:38

accordingly, just like the demiurge, they

00:09:41

also begin to create others things, our

00:09:45

world with you, looking at

00:09:46

ideas, but with these gods of the second rank,

00:09:49

the creation turns out to be less perfect and

00:09:52

well, and accordingly, this is all that we

00:09:54

see, but you were created by the demiurge god and the

00:09:57

gods to shine, somehow we can

00:10:01

get to the ideas themselves according to Plato,

00:10:05

we adore well firstly, again, the

00:10:09

deepest truths they spread to us in the

00:10:13

course of intuitive insight, that same

00:10:15

idea of the cloud and the rest of knowledge is

00:10:17

rational knowledge, that is, when we

00:10:20

begin in general, when we begin to

00:10:22

ascend from specific phenomena to general

00:10:24

truths, this is the path it is quite

00:10:28

untested, but it opens

00:10:30

the ability

00:10:32

to see a general idea behind specific changeable things, this

00:10:35

general idea will be the truth, but in general,

00:10:38

after Plato, one can now

00:10:42

think as a philosopher about all sorts of invisible objects,

00:10:45

accordingly, many philosophers take advantage of this

00:10:47

and create a

00:10:49

picture of the world that is quite estranged from reality,

00:10:53

but some, on the contrary,

00:10:55

believe that then he allowed people

00:11:00

engage in inventions by the way, unlike the pre-

00:11:03

Socratics, whether Socrates from Plato to

00:11:05

simply went

00:11:06

his works almost in

00:11:09

full, the form of these, more precisely, the dialogue

00:11:11

radically rethought this Platonic theory of ideas,

00:11:15

his student of Aristotle, well,

00:11:18

the main thing is perhaps the point of criticism to arrest the

00:11:22

hive really didn’t like that Plato’s

00:11:25

world suddenly

00:11:26

will double that is, things are ideas,

00:11:31

according to Aristotle, this is an unnecessary

00:11:33

complication of reality, the idea cannot

00:11:36

exist separately from the thing in any

00:11:39

thing,

00:11:40

the idea exists and this

00:11:44

idea is nothing more than the essence of the thing, but

00:11:47

if they speak more correctly in the language of

00:11:49

Aristotle, then this is the form

00:11:52

why so but because that if we tear ideas away from

00:11:56

things,

00:11:57

this means that ideas are useless

00:12:01

for knowing things, in addition to ideas of things, we can

00:12:06

invent ideas of ideas of things, and so on ad

00:12:09

infinitum, and besides, Plato was never

00:12:12

able to fully and convincingly

00:12:15

tell how things are and ideas

00:12:20

are connected and are there ideas of movement in the world?

00:12:23

So I was offered some kind of

00:12:26

mechanism by which things would be connected

00:12:29

with ideas,

00:12:30

this was the main problem, Plato’s theory of ideas

00:12:32

was arrested, but it says that it is

00:12:35

not

00:12:36

ideas that are probably primarily the

00:12:38

objects themselves,

00:12:40

that is, the site the very objects themselves, the

00:12:42

concrete objects themselves, are connected by form

00:12:45

form before or what Plato called ideas

00:12:47

and matter, well, this really was already a

00:12:53

working scheme, so to speak in modern

00:12:55

language, because for cognition, that is, a

00:13:00

person could already know the world on the basis of

00:13:03

those things that surrounded him, that is

00:13:05

he saw an object, he saw a video of what

00:13:07

the objects consisted of, what

00:13:10

material, what matter, and he could

00:13:12

see the form and, on the basis of

00:13:15

rational knowledge, he could already

00:13:16

figure out what this object was, what it represented

00:13:19

and what its

00:13:22

purpose was, and so on, and so on

00:13:25

to say that when the writer thought about this

00:13:28

very form and matter, then in general there the

00:13:32

form was understood

00:13:34

on the one hand as a certain idea, a certain

00:13:36

essence, but also in addition to this, the form

00:13:40

allowed

00:13:41

things to be as they are, the

00:13:44

form changes, the thing changes, and

00:13:47

in other words, the

00:13:48

form is the things and generates, if you want,

00:13:51

sets in motion those processes that

00:13:53

generate things, and also the form

00:13:56

allows things to seek a purpose in

00:14:00

Aristotle’s picture of the world, absolutely

00:14:03

everything, any process, any phenomenon makes

00:14:06

sense, in

00:14:07

other words, to arrest or when,

00:14:10

if we are passionate about how everything works, he

00:14:14

will say in order to this question must be

00:14:16

answered, it is necessary to answer four

00:14:19

other questions: firstly, what is everything

00:14:22

made of, that is, from matter; secondly, how is everything

00:14:25

made? How is everything made? How does the idea of the

00:14:29

forum answer; thirdly, why is everything done; this is

00:14:33

the purpose; and finally, what does this

00:14:36

thing give rise to; what is the reason for

00:14:38

this phenomenon this thing is born from

00:14:41

these 4 answers 4 questions under

00:14:44

which absolutely all processes can now be considered

Description:

Философия. Курс для бакалавров Раздел 2. Основные этапы исторического развития философии Тема 2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель Жизнь и философия Сократа. Философия Платона. Философские идеи Аристотеля. ------------------- Лекторы: Саликов Алексей Николаевич – канд. фил. наук, зам. директора Института Канта, БФУ им. И. Канта. Луговой Сергей Валентинович – канд. фил. наук, доцент кафедры философии БФУ им. И. Канта. ============= Смотрите это и другие видео на сайте http://philosofaq.ru/

Preparing download options

Popular

HD video

Only sound

All

* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."

** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players

Questions about downloading video

How can I download "2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель - Философия для бакалавров" video?

http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель - Философия для бакалавров" video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель - Философия для бакалавров" video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель - Философия для бакалавров" video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель - Философия для бакалавров"?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "2.4 Античная философия: Сократ, Платон, Аристотель - Философия для бакалавров"?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.