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Download "Зебра - белая с черными полосками или наоборот? Недетские вопросы о природе. Животные Африки"

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живая планета
моя планета
природа
животные
в мире животных
дикая природа
природоведение
мир животных
животный мир
природа африки
африка
животные африки
большая пятерка
Какие животные обитают только на африканском континенте
Кто в Африке опаснее всех
недетские вопросы
у жирафа длинная шея
животные эндемики
зебра
белая с черными полосками
зебра черная с белым
живаяпланета
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00:00:00
[music]
00:00:06
What are the Big Five? These are the
00:00:09
largest animals in Africa.
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Big animals are also included in the top five.
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Well, for example, the elephant and the rhinoceros, but it’s
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not about the size; the term Big Five, or
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in English, Big Five, was invented by white
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hunters of past centuries when they first
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appeared on the black Continent then they were
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simply amazed by the unprecedented abundance of
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animals, many of which were not at all
00:00:35
afraid of humans since they did not yet know
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what firearms were and what
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amazed Europeans most of all
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was the megafauna, the abundance of huge animals. Many of them were much larger than a cow or a
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bear. The
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African conference is actually
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unique in that there preserved
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in an almost unchanged, unchanged
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state. And the so-called ones,
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which in general learned
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to exist together with man,
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probably due to the fact that for quite a long
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time
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[music]
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this principle of the most prestigious
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hunting trophies began to form, that is, it included those
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animals that were most difficult to
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obtain and from whom it was possible to bring
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some trophies from an elephant Tusks from a
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rhinoceros and buffalo Horns of low tide or
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leopard skins elephant the
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largest land animal
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on Earth lives in groups therefore
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not only a wounded animal poses a great danger
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but also its comrades rhinoceros the
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second largest animal in Africa with
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so much hard skin that getting into a
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vulnerable spot and piercing it with a bullet is very
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difficult even for a good shooter a wounded
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rhinoceros is no less dangerous than the servants of a buffalo
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this powerful beast annually claims more
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human lives than a lion leopard
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combined the male leader furiously guards
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his herd and fearlessly rushes at
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any enemy the leopard the most secretive
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cunning and careful Predator of the black
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continent he has excellent hearing and sense of
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smell And he is also nocturnal,
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so to track down, take by surprise
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and shoot this boat a cat is extraordinary
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Leo Well, he just couldn’t help but get into the
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top five As the king of animals, a skin with a
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luxurious mane has always been the most a
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desired trophy of all hunters,
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and what’s more, they
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are also the most dangerous because it is
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these five that ultimately
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hold, I would say, such an unchanging
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Palm in terms of the number of
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human victims,
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travelers who collected all the trophies of the big
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five received the right to the most
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prestigious the title of Grand
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Slam winner Well, of course, this was
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only possible for rich people, since it
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was impossible to get the top five alone.
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Many nations took part in such hunting expeditions and raids. This
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bloody fun was very fashionable in the
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European colonies of Africa, this is one of the
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reasons why today we see only the
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pitiful remnants of the richest African
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fauna that existed before the arrival of Europeans here
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[music]
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it is clear that the giraffe has such a long neck
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so that it is easier for him to reach the
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Upper branches of the trees. But if there are
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not enough lower branches for everyone, is it easier to
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learn to eat grass? The
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evolutionary solution to the long
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neck design is quite understandable, not so little
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of all kinds of ungulates eating leaves and
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shoots of trees, the longer the
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neck, the greater the chance of getting what
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all the short ones haven’t eaten yet. But
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really, the question is very fair. Is
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n’t it easier to bend your short
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neck to eat the grass under your feet than to
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grow such a long one, and after all, the giraffe is
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not alone here in the process of evolution,
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such an unusual adaptation arose in a
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variety of species of mammals,
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look at this fossil rhinoceros,
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its neck is no shorter than that of a giraffe, the
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great paleontologist wrote about this with their
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feet under their feet, in addition to the fact that
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they consume and are forced to grind
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tough vegetation, they are free and
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involuntarily grab grains of sand therefore, the
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abrasive loads of herbivores
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are not comparable with the abrasive loads of
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those who feed on bushes,
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leaves, and so on; in other words,
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if giraffes or any other animals that
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feed on branches and leaves switched
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to dusty grass, and even dusted with
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sand, their teeth would wear out very quickly, they would
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have to change the design of the
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entire oral apparatus and at the same time
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slightly modifying the
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digestive system, this question is so
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difficult from an evolutionary point of view
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that paleontologists or morphologists call
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morphogenesis the transformation of the dental
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system, which turns out that for animals it is
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often easier not to make the dental system
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very difficult to regulate genetically. For
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example, to increase the limbs
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with a graph from an ecological point of view, he ate
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tree branches; in order to grow a
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long neck, it will take some
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tens of hundreds of thousands of years,
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but to change the structure of the teeth and the
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digestive system, millions of years
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[music]
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elephants, rhinoceroses, buffaloes, lions live in
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Africa and Asia. And who lives only in
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Africa is
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really well aware that a
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number of African animals have their
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Asian counterparts: elephants, lions, leopards, rhinoceroses, buffaloes, crocodiles, mongooses, porcupines,
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and even such
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unusual animals as pangolins; however, in
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Asia, all of them, except the leopard, are represented by
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other biological species
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significantly different from African ones.
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But zebras or giraffes in Africa It is useless to search for Asia
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[music] this
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means that if you and I consider
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groups of animals that
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currently live in Africa and have no
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analogues on other continents, then
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indeed the representatives of the
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giraffe-like giraffes, or more correctly, it is correct
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to say the family of giraffidae, they went
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beyond the borders of Africa during their settlement and
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therefore the giraffe and okapi are found
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only in Africa, why this
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happened can only be guessed at, and scientists
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don’t like it, but you and I can
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assume that in order to move to the
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Indian Jungle, rich in tall trees, a
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giraffe would have to overcome
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territories that are very poor in vegetation.
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They simply would not have survived on the way the species
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that found only in one
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specific area are called
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endemics and in Africa there are
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a lot of such endemics. For example, why
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can a well-known ordinary hippopotamus be safely
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called an endemic of Africa? He doesn’t live in
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other parts of the world now, he doesn’t live, and
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once upon a time hippopotamuses splashed around in this
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place of modern Paris or Athens.
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with them the situation is somewhat
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different; in fact, they reached the front
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to the front of Asia Minor. And then to
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the east, that is, the immediate
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territory of modern Hindustan and the
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modern territory of, say,
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Southeast Asia, for some reason
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they did not settle, perhaps this is due
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to the rather arid regions
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that separate this territory from the
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immediate original habitat of
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hippopotamuses, many well-known
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animals have become the true calling
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cards of the dark continent, these are
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giraffes and zebras and ostriches and gorillas and
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chimpanzees and many other animals
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that are known only to connoisseurs of fauna
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[music]
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Which of us is the most dangerous animal in Africa?
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doesn’t remember Aibolit’s
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warning for small children
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not to go to Africa to walk
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gorillas. But despite the fact that this is a
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strong monkey can literally tear a
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person with his bare hands, has huge
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teeth, there are no reliable cases of gorillas killing people;
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much more often,
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they simply imitate an attack, they scare
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especially annoying older brothers according to
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reason And even more often they themselves become
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victims of people But Nile crocodiles are
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very dangerous and they are really
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big there are poisonous snakes in Africa Well,
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they are not considered the most dangerous
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representatives of the fauna As
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strange as it may seem, but the most dangerous
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[music]
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one of the right ones is any large
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object which floats on the surface of
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the reservoir just like its
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potential rival, so the
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hippopotamuses with delight and joy attack the
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boat, snack on them, and,
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accordingly, with the same joy they drown
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the people who find themselves in the water
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after these boats have a snack Yes, they can
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kill us right in half has a snack has
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a snack and nothing personal As
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they say, but the fact is that hippopotamuses are
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territorial and a group of hippopotamuses
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occupies a certain territory on land,
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which it marks by the way, and also in the water where
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they are during the day, despite its weight of up to 4 tons, the
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hippopotamus is a very dexterous and agile
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animal, swims beautifully and
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develops speed on land up to 40 km/h every year in
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Africa there are more than a thousand of their
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attacks on people, including
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fatal ones, but it should certainly be
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noted that without a reason, not a single
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hippopotamus is
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most often aggression, either a male
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protecting the herd or a female protecting
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the cub. And if we talk about a threat
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to life the most dangerous animal in
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Africa is the infamous tsetse fly
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helminths Well, for example, parasitic worms
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filiaria and some other protozoa
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that are the causative agents of very
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serious diseases
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[music]
00:10:55
Zebra Is she White with black
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stripes or black with white
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despite the seeming naivety of this
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question but a similar topic For a long time, the
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most fierce scientific debates have been going on, the
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latest embryonic research
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has put a bold point on it, the background
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color is black, this pigment is the main one, but the
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white stripes are just areas where the
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pigment is missing. Therefore, the
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Zebra is black with white stripes, another
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conversation. Why does a zebra need these stripes?
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Each Zebra has its own
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individual pattern. This is a combination of
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black and white stripes on the skin and
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most likely zebras
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recognize each other by this
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combination. But initially,
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the formation of this complex
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striped pattern occurred as a
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way of protection from
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predators and the creation of that same
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optical effect A as if dissolving
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in thickets consisting of individual
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real tree trunks. That is, again, this is a
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dismembering coloring that allows the
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zebra to use this game of light in a
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well-lit savannah with very
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sharp shadows cast by the
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trees and, in general, camouflage itself and
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become invisible to the predator,
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however, in reality in fact, it’s even more complicated and
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interesting:
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researchers from the University of London,
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their colleagues from Queensland, in
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Australia, conducted a variety of
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experiments using computer
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modeling and proved that stripes
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confuse not only predators, but also
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blood-sucking insects, which are the
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real scourge of Africa. And how it
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works we still do We don’t know yet, but
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if we simulate this thing, that is,
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put a
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skin like this on some other animal or paint it with
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white and dark stripes, the
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flies also stop landing, but there is
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another completely unexpected benefit from a
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black and white vest. Recently, studies have appeared that
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talk about
00:13:10
thermoregulatory the role of such coloring,
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uneven heating of black and white
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stripes leads to the appearance of
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eddy currents of air near the zebra’s body,
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which help them cool
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[music]
00:13:30
Why does a rhinoceros have only one Horn [
00:13:33
music]
00:13:34
Well, firstly, only Asian rhinoceroses have one Horn,
00:13:38
while African species have two of them
00:13:41
Moreover, the second lesson is not so
00:13:44
small, but let's start with taxonomy.
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Despite the fact that the hooves on the legs of a rhinoceros are
00:13:49
not so noticeable, like say
00:13:51
zebras or horses, it still belongs
00:13:54
to equid animals, and horns, as is
00:13:57
known, are found only in artiodactyls in
00:14:00
the order not headlights. ungulates are horses
00:14:02
tapirs kulans cuckolds No, well,
00:14:06
except for the mythical unicorn, secondly,
00:14:09
what we call a rhinoceros horn is
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actually not rock at all;
00:14:14
rhinoceros horns are formed in the skin
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and it is a hair brush, but it is
00:14:21
glued together with the same material
00:14:23
keratin and it turns out to be a combat weapon weapon,
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tool, beautiful thing, but it doesn’t grow on the bones,
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there’s a very complex
00:14:32
suspension system, or rather a support, but
00:14:36
when he dies,
00:14:37
this thing falls off, a
00:14:40
tassel, but
00:14:42
once hard. The first tuft of hair grew on the face of the first rhinoceroses.
00:14:46
And in the course of
00:14:49
evolution, it turned out to be so useful
00:14:51
that it became to grow and get stronger, all that remains is
00:14:53
to understand what is the use of it,
00:14:56
that you are tired of developing to such
00:14:58
threatening sizes with horns, so this is
00:15:04
also a fairly
00:15:05
universal tool in the main
00:15:08
weapon, that is, they don’t need to cut down trees
00:15:10
unless in the heat of the moment, and
00:15:13
you can fight among themselves and the animals that they
00:15:18
destroy or threaten, you can also
00:15:19
kill with a friend, they do it, although there is
00:15:22
Another very important detail, the longer
00:15:25
and more bizarre the roku of a rhinoceros, the more
00:15:29
successful it is with females
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[music]
00:15:38
antelopes are found only in Africa the
00:15:42
word antelope itself is translated from
00:15:45
Greek as a horned animal and strictly
00:15:48
speaking is not a unit of
00:15:50
biological classification, this is the name given to
00:15:52
several subfamilies of bovid
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artiodactyls, among which there is a
00:15:57
subfamily of true antelopes, it
00:16:00
includes 15 genera and it
00:16:02
includes not only African
00:16:05
animals, but also, for example, gazelle gazelle
00:16:07
and saiga antelopes that live in our country,
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this is quite arbitrary The
00:16:14
continuulope category included everyone
00:16:17
with horns, but
00:16:20
seriously speaking, among the antelopes there are quite a
00:16:23
lot of taxa, there are real antelopes,
00:16:26
water goats, for example, also belong to the
00:16:29
antelopes and the saiga belongs to the antelopes
00:16:32
and the contilupes belong to the eland, which is
00:16:35
much closer in texture in general to the bulls, a
00:16:39
rather conventional category of wild
00:16:42
animals which a person
00:16:45
associates with grace with wide open
00:16:49
spaces is even more poetic
00:16:53
than Zoological, of course, the
00:16:55
largest species diversity of antelopes in
00:16:58
Africa. This is probably why, when hearing the word
00:17:00
antelope, many people remember the
00:17:03
African savannahs with countless
00:17:06
herds of ungulates. However,
00:17:10
various representatives of Europe, Asia
00:17:13
and even the New World herds of gazelle
00:17:16
snow-covered dhows FTP where
00:17:19
40-degree frosts are not at all uncommon these are also
00:17:21
real antelopes
00:17:25
[music]
00:17:30
what African animal is the most
00:17:33
unusual
00:17:35
in Africa many animals that amazed the
00:17:39
first researchers with their unusual
00:17:41
appearance today the most notable animals that are bizarre
00:17:43
from the point of view of Europeans are
00:17:45
birds are already well known to everyone. But
00:17:49
of course, the most unusual ones, in our
00:17:51
opinion today, should be looked for among those
00:17:54
representatives of the African fauna that are
00:17:56
rare in zoos and are not found in
00:17:59
popular books and films. Well, for
00:18:02
example, the
00:18:04
serpentine pipe belongs to a large
00:18:06
aesthetic formation which is
00:18:08
called frateria. That is, this an animal
00:18:09
that appeared in Africa is
00:18:12
the only mammal on our
00:18:13
planet whose teeth are
00:18:15
not really represented by a continuous
00:18:18
enamel coating of other
00:18:20
mammals -
00:18:30
termites. That is, in principle, it is, by and
00:18:32
large, an analogue of the anteater only of the
00:18:35
African spill and aardvarks. It also
00:18:39
has powerful claws for tearing apart
00:18:41
termite mounds; they have a fairly long tongue
00:18:44
to follow these termites Well, the
00:18:46
external aardvark looks like such a
00:18:48
combination of donkey ears to come out with a long
00:18:52
face with Piglet to complete
00:18:54
this nose and such a massive body
00:18:57
with sparse hair and powerful fore and
00:19:00
hind limbs the
00:19:02
tube tooth is not at all tiny if it
00:19:05
reaches 100 kg with its powerful how with
00:19:08
clean paws a pipe tooth can easily
00:19:10
crack even the walls of termite mounds as strong as concrete,
00:19:13
but at the same time it will not refuse
00:19:15
to feast on sweet fruits and berries.
00:19:17
It’s surprising that with such a bizarre
00:19:20
appearance, this animal somehow did not become the
00:19:23
hero of modern fairy tales or cartoon characters. The
00:19:27
little-known tarantula is determined
00:19:29
primarily by the fact that they have a secretive lifestyle,
00:19:32
they spend most of their time
00:19:34
buried deep in the same
00:19:36
termite mounds in holes that they dig up with
00:19:38
foot sweepers and seeing a shytooth
00:19:40
during an African Safari is a very
00:19:42
great success, great happiness
00:19:44
[music]
00:19:49
what bird can be considered a symbol of
00:19:52
Africa
00:19:54
on the one hand, they are suitable for this role
00:19:57
millions of flocks of Flamingos and we are workers; the
00:20:00
appearance is familiar to any child. And the
00:20:02
crowned cranes, which are easily
00:20:04
distinguished by their golden crown of feathers, but
00:20:07
perhaps the most famous African
00:20:09
bird can be considered the ostrich; it is not
00:20:13
only the only representative of
00:20:14
ostriches on earth, but also the largest
00:20:17
bird on the planet, height up to 270 cm and weight
00:20:22
156 kg Although We remind you that the name of the
00:20:26
feathered symbol of Africa can be put forward, for
00:20:29
example, the secretary's bird. But as for the
00:20:33
secretary's bird,
00:20:35
two countries in Africa put a secretary
00:20:39
on their coat of arms. By the way, which countries are South Africa and
00:20:43
Sudan? Well, imagine
00:20:46
some kind of hawk on crane legs. Nowhere
00:20:49
else except Africa is there such a thing. We have a
00:20:51
stuffed animal here, it looks like it was well made by
00:20:55
a master,
00:20:56
but it’s not alive, but when you watch at
00:21:00
least a video, it’s such a beauty, they walk around, flap their wings, scare away all
00:21:04
sorts of little things,
00:21:07
and then immediately kick them
00:21:09
in the mouth or directly with their beak, the set of food is
00:21:12
quite large, here you get insects, here
00:21:16
you get lizards and all sorts of rodents and, by the
00:21:20
way, snakes cope. Of course, there are
00:21:24
other representatives of the endemic
00:21:26
African avifauna, known
00:21:28
mainly only to professional
00:21:30
marketers and naturalists, so
00:21:32
perhaps the fight for the title of feathered
00:21:35
symbol of the black continent will unfold
00:21:37
between the ostrich and the bird Secretary
00:21:40
Marabou, we are withdrawing the competition since there are
00:21:43
two more very similar species slaves live in
00:21:46
Asia
00:21:48
[music]
00:21:53
will it be possible to preserve all the wonderful
00:21:56
animals of Africa?
00:21:59
When medieval Europeans overcame the
00:22:02
great deserts and first came to
00:22:05
central Africa, they were shocked not
00:22:08
only by the bizarre appearance of unknown
00:22:10
animals, but also by their number. Today
00:22:13
African animals can be observed against the backdrop of natural
00:22:15
landscapes. Well, really? that in
00:22:18
nature reserves and national parks, in
00:22:21
pursuit of Ivory,
00:22:23
both species of African savannah elephants were almost exterminated
00:22:25
or Again, very recently, the
00:22:28
black rhinoceros was completely destroyed and the
00:22:32
remaining white species became a very rare
00:22:34
animal and all because of the horn, which, as we
00:22:37
found out, is absolutely not rock A after all, even seemingly well-educated people still naively believe in its
00:22:39
mythical healing properties; the
00:22:47
eastern mountain gorilla was actually destroyed and
00:22:51
only by a miracle another species was preserved. The
00:22:52
western one, in pursuit of trophy horns of
00:22:55
record length,
00:22:58
tens of thousands of ungulates are still shot every year.
00:23:02
The rarest and on the verge of
00:23:05
extinction are the pygmy hippopotamus, the chimpanzee, and
00:23:08
dinners, including the pygmy
00:23:10
Bobo, even the King of Beasts, the African lion,
00:23:15
has turned into a rare animal
00:23:16
whose numbers continue to
00:23:18
decline. These are only the large animals that are the
00:23:21
calling cards of Africa. And how many
00:23:24
birds, fish, reptiles,
00:23:27
invertebrates are disappearing, of course, few people
00:23:30
care about
00:23:32
inconspicuous insects and inconspicuous
00:23:35
inhabitants of the soil But these
00:23:39
classic African species are the big
00:23:41
five Yes, the species that for many
00:23:45
are synonymous with Africa, the personification of the
00:23:48
continent, in my opinion, they began to
00:23:52
feel much better where
00:23:55
people took care of this in
00:23:56
national parks in hunting
00:23:58
reserves Well, of course, in farms
00:24:02
that deal their breeding We
00:24:05
know that many antelopes are already becoming the
00:24:07
subject of ordinary agricultural
00:24:10
breeding for zoos for the same
00:24:12
hunting reserves to feed the
00:24:15
population of national parks, they are simply
00:24:18
bred as we breed domestic
00:24:20
animals, the nature of Africa is unique and
00:24:24
diverse deserts mountains savannah
00:24:28
equatorial forests today Black The
00:24:31
continent is experiencing an era of intensive
00:24:33
development of their richest resources, which
00:24:37
means that people, extracting
00:24:39
minerals, laying roads, building
00:24:42
cities, blocking slats with dams,
00:24:45
destroy the habitat of animal
00:24:47
plants. And of course, the task of
00:24:49
humanity is not only to breed
00:24:52
large animals in national parks
00:24:54
that tourists admire, but also to preserve the
00:24:57
full range of African flora and
00:25:00
fauna, amazing unique and
00:25:04
strange as it may seem, far from being
00:25:07
fully studied
00:25:08
[music]
00:25:10
see you on the living planet, friends, and
00:25:13
if you have new questions about
00:25:15
nature, send them to this address, we will
00:25:18
definitely answer
00:25:23
[music]

Description:

Что такое "большая пятерка" Африки? Не проще ли жирафу есть траву, зачем тянуться высоко? Какие животные обитают только на африканском континенте? Зебра - она какая - белая с черными полосками или черная с белыми? Кто в Африке опаснее всех? Ответы на все "недетские вопросы" об Африке - в этом выпуске. Подпишись на "Живую Планету" ►https://www.youtube.com/@liveplanettv?sub_confirmation=1 Наши ресурсы: ● Официальный сайт: https://moya-planeta.ru/tv?channel=live-planet ● ВК: http://vk.com/liveplanettv ● Яндекс.Дзен: https://dzen.ru/living_planet_tv ● Telegram: https://t.me/moya_planeta Официальный YouTube канал телеканала "Живая Планета". Миссия — показать зрителю многообразие и уникальность природы, и прежде всего природы России. Мы покажем наших тигров и леопардов, белых, бурых и гималайских медведей, китов, касаток, журавлей, наши заросли лотоса в дельте Волги или ледяные торосы в Арктике, вулканы на Камчатке и горы Кавказа. На нашем канале уникальные исследования дикой природы России, эксклюзивные проекты авторов и ведущих канала, аналогов которым нет на мировом ТВ-рынке, экспедиции, впечатляющие натурные съемки недоступных уголков планеты, редкие животные и невероятный мир крупным планом.

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