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Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности

что такое автономное существование человека в природной среде

каковы его виды и причины

правила безопасного поведения человека в условиях доброволь...

способы выживания и обеспечения жизнедеятельности в диких п...

способы ориентирования на местности

правилам безопасного поведения человека в условиях добровол...

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[music]

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[music]

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today we will devote our lesson to the study of

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safe human behavior during

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autonomous existence in the natural

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environment. First, let’s remember what the

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autonomous existence of a person in the

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natural environment is. Autonomous existence

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is a person’s stay in wild

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natural conditions without connection with the

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surrounding civilized world.

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nature, but with the development

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of civilization we are moving further and further away from it,

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creating an artificial, urbanized

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environment in which it is easier for us to exist.

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In this regard, we are losing the necessary

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knowledge and skills of living in the natural

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environment, which once helped

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us to survive, such as providing ourselves with

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vital resources safely

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behavior and orientation in

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space,

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thus finding ourselves today in wild

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natural conditions, a person

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can automatically consider it potentially dangerous;

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autonomous existence, depending

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on the reason for its occurrence, can be

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forced and voluntary; let's consider

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these types; voluntary human autonomy

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is the autonomous stay of a person or

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group of people in the wild as

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a result of one’s own desire,

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its reasons may be the desire to

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take a break from civilization to receive

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inspiration, for example, various hiking trips,

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sporting achievements such as a

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sports hike or conquering

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hard-to-reach places, collecting the extraction of

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useful things, plants,

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forced human autonomy is an

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unplanned autonomous stay of a

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person in the wild as a result of an

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accident or

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force majeure

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reasons for forced autonomy crash of an

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airplane, ship or other vehicle

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natural emergencies

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loss of orientation on the ground

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when walking in the forest,

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for example while picking mushrooms and

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berries falling behind a tourist group

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during a hike if with voluntary

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autonomy a person prepares in advance for the

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conditions that await him If he had

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the necessary equipment, then

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in order to survive, he

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needs to use everything that is at

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hand.

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Of course, in a forced autonomous

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existence,

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a person fights for his life and health.

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It is how ready he is in terms of

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knowledge and skills,

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as well as psychological preparation, that

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determines the result of this struggle,

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history knows a lot cases when

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people, without any means,

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survived in the wild for weeks and even

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months, while others, finding themselves in much

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more favorable conditions, died,

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as we have already decided, the wild natural environment is

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fraught with many dangers for

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humans, therefore, being in autonomous

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conditions, regardless of the reason,

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it is necessary to have the following skills

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build a temporary shelter

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get and purify drinking water

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get food get a fire make

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a fire give distress signals

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navigate the area now

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let's remember and increase our

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knowledge in this area,

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first of all, this knowledge will be needed by a

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person in case of forced autonomy

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if such a situation occurs what to do

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where to start is important here remember one

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rule - do everything in order - the necessities of life,

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so we remember that an

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ordinary person can do without air for

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three minutes without shelter in unfavorable

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conditions, four hours without water,

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three days without food for up to 1 month,

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so first you need to provide yourself with

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the opportunity to breathe, it all depends on the

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situation, usually with this is all right, but

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if after the crash you find yourself under

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water or in an oxygen-free gas environment,

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you need to get out of it or

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find a source of oxygen, such as an air tank,

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then you need to provide yourself with temporary

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shelter to protect yourself from aggressive

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environmental factors such as

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cold, wind,

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precipitation, scorching sun wild animals

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there are many types of temporary shelters,

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depending on the area,

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hut by weight, snow trench,

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snow cave, hammock, igloo, the

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following materials are used to build a shelter: spruce branches,

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kara, moss, leaves, grass,

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the main thing to remember is that the shelter should be

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located on a dry, flat surface

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near a water source,

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away from the path of the dwellings wild animals or

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nests of insects,

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getting water suitable for drinking in

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nature is not so easy, there are

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several ways, depending on the

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conditions, collecting 1 and a rag in the early morning from the

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grass or stones left overnight,

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then squeezing the rags into a container to

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collect rain using a large

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surface,

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for example, livestock tents directing

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water into a container, collecting using a

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plastic bag from a tree branch; for

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this, it is necessary to tightly tie a

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plastic bag tightly to the cells of a deciduous

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tree so that the accumulated evaporation

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rolls down along the walls of the bag; collecting

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birch sap in the spring;

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for this, it is necessary to make an incision 2-2 deep on the bark of an

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adult tree with a

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diameter of more than 20 centimeters.

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3 centimeters, attach a

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cloth to this hole, the other end

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of which is lowered into a container;

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heating ice or snow; in no

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case should you eat snow; you must

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melt it in a container over a fire; the most

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effective would be to use film and crushed

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ice to collect fumes from a dug hole with

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grass using film. drink the water

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contained in fish in the open sea;

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drinking salty sea water

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is possible in extremely limited quantities;

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fresh water can be found by catching fish and

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drinking and juice, since fish,

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like all living organisms,

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largely consists of water; a

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fire is needed by a person for warming;

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cooking; boiling; water drying

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clothes or scaring away animals,

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but fire cannot be created instantly and a

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large fire will not light up in an instant,

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in order to light a fire, first you

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need to find and ignite labor from

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burning labor already kindle firewood labor is a

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highly flammable object,

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you can use old

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bird nests as tinder dry grass small branches

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bark dry moss there are the following

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methods for starting a fire without

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special means flint and steel

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to make fire with this method you need to take

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flint in one hand in another any piece of

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metal and make rhythmic tangential blows with a

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metal object on the

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silicon, knocking out sparks using a lens or

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a collecting mirror surface and the

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sun as a lens or a collecting

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mirror surface you can

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use anything that collects the sun's

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rays a bag of water

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glasses a piece of ice a magnifying glass a reflector flashlight

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or a polished one-lumen Wi-Fi can

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the main thing in this method is to arrange the work

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in such a way that a bright collected beam is visible on it

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sunlight

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friction using a bow and a stick,

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first you need to make a bow from a rope

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and a branch in a taut state, then

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take two planks, cut

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a hole in them, then put one of them on the

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ground, insert a cylindrical stick into its hole,

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make a loop of the

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bow string around this cylindrical

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stick and then with another board, press the

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stick on top, move the bow

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in a horizontal plane in one

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direction and the other until smoke appears,

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smoking pieces of wood are added to the work, it

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is necessary to remember that a fire is dangerous,

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so it cannot be lit near

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trees in clearings next to dry

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grass, young coniferous growth, reeds on peat bogs

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for safety, you should dig and

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cover the burning area with stones, do not

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leave the fire unattended, fill it up

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before leaving, then you should get food,

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remember that

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a person needs a lot of water to digest food, so

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until you get water, you

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should never eat, there are three ways

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to get food, gathering, hunting fishing

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gathering includes collecting

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edible berries

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such as raspberries blueberries blackberries barberries blueberries lingonberries cranberries gooseberries cloudberries sea buckthorn

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picking mushrooms such as

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boletus white boletus russula honey fungus flywheel oiler

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or chanterelles picking

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nuts pine chestnut almonds cedar

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leaves and roots of plants this could be burdock

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root dandelion nettle leaves

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wild onion lungwort sorrel if

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autonomy is forced, you are unlikely to

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have fishing gear,

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let’s list the methods of fishing without

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special tools, you can dig a hole and

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connect it and deep channels with a reservoir,

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throw in complementary food and wait as soon as the fish

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floats up into the hole, cut off its path back by

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blocking the channel, you can make a spear out of a branch,

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sharpen it at one end and

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divide the sharp end into 4 parts and

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try to hit the fish with it, you can

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suppress the fish with any substances

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capable of explosion, such as firecrackers, and

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so on, but only if absolutely

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necessary, make a trap, for example,

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from a plastic canister, cut it into

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two parts horizontally, turn the

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upper part with the neck inward towards the bottom,

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put bait and a stone on the bottom of the canister,

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lower the trap into the water with the open

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part against the flow of water, we remind you that

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you cannot eat fish with spikes of

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mucus without scales or other parts of the body

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or having parasites inside, the most

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difficult way to obtain food is when

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autonomous existence is hunting;

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in most cases, the only

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way for a person to catch prey

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is to set traps; the

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main point in their design is

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that the animal

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touching the bait will touch a rope or

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stick and, as a result, will be

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stunned by a strongly curved branch or

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heavy object; rainwater can also be

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eaten worms

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ants some types of caterpillars

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also the main task in a forced

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autonomous existence is to

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return a person to civilization for

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this it is necessary to send

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distress signals distress signals can be

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sound and visual sound methods by

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tapping on an empty tree or

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metal object signal sos three

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short

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3 long three short whistle it is possible

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to make a whistle from a can, making two holes in it,

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make a megaphone out of paper or similar

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materials, visual ways of

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signaling fires

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during the day, brownie fires at night, fiery ones

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located in the form of geometric

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shapes, more often than a triangle,

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reflectors made of foil,

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reflector mirrors, lay out a sos signal from bright clothes

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in an open area,

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hang bright clothes at the highest in a

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visible place, trample signals in the snow,

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shine a flashlight at night, remember

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not to waste resources and

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energy, you need to give signals only

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when you see that there are people nearby

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who can hear or see you, the

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most important skill for any outing into

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nature is orientation on the

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terrain, the

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main task when orientation

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is to determine

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the sides of the horizon and approximately your

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location on the ground, there are

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several ways to

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orientate the compass is the most

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accurate tool for determining the sides of the

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horizon, the compass needle in a

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horizontal free position

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always points to the north, to

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use it you need to put the campus

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horizontally, align the arrow

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pointing north with the zero marking

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the scale of the clock and the sun to find

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the direction to the south you need to put the clock

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horizontally point the hour hand

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at the sun the angle between the hour hand and the

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line passing through the center of the clock and 1

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hour of the day is divided in half this

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bisector will point south at

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night you can navigate by the polar

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star for this you need stand facing it

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this will be the direction north

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to find the polar star you need to find the

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constellation Ursa Major in the form of a bucket

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from the two outermost stars in its edge

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put 5 straight segments to the tail of

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Ursa Minor the star that is

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approximately on this line and will be polar

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you can navigate by local

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objects the most informative is the

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crown of lonely trees; the

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denser ones from the south; the anthills are located on the

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southern side of the trees;

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stones and trees could predominate on the northern side;

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coniferous trees are always rougher than

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the northern side; and resinous ones

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from the southern side; these methods may not be

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accurate due to the presence of a

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special topography near the water terrain and other

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features, so you shouldn’t

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rely on just one of them; I know how to

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apply all this in practice; you

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increase your safety,

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because a forced autonomous

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existence is impossible to predict,

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and hiking in nature with friends or

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family will become even more enjoyable for you

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in any situations, everyday

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and emergency, follow the rules of

00:14:49

safe behavior and take care of yourself

Description:

- Урок 1. Автономное пребывание человека в природе Автор: Бойков Александр Евгеньевич Видеоуроки Google Play - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.geographyofrussia.vu10 мы узнаем что такое автономное существование человека в природной среде, каковы его виды и причины; правила безопасного поведения человека в условиях добровольной и вынужденной автономии; способы выживания и обеспечения жизнедеятельности в диких природных условиях; способы ориентирования на местности; мы научимся правилам безопасного поведения человека в условиях добровольной и вынужденной автономии; мы сможем использовать рекомендованные правила безопасного поведения человека в условиях автономии.

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