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Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности

Средства индивидуальной защиты

Средства коллективной защиты

Применение СИЗ и СКЗ в условиях техногенных опасностей и угроз

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starting to study the topic of

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personal and collective protective equipment, let's

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consider the basic concepts of

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personal protective equipment - these are

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technical means that are

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used to prevent or

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reduce a person's exposure to

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harmful or environmentally hazardous facts;

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respirators are a means that are

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designed to protect the respiratory system

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from aerosols of dust and smoke, fog or

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harmful including carbon monoxide,

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a gas mask is a device for protecting the

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respiratory organs of a person's eyes and face from

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toxic and radioactive substances,

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bacterial means of

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collective protection,

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this is a structure or special

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equipment for the group protection of people, a

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shelter, these are special structures

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designed to protect people from the

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damaging factors of a nuclear explosion of

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toxic substances and bacterial

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agents as well as from high temperatures and

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harmful gases formed during a fire, we will

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consider in more detail and the

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personal protective equipment

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most widely used are

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filter gas masks GP-5 and db7

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gas masks GP-5 consists of a filter

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absorbing box and the front part of a

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helmet-mask; it does not have connecting

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tubes In addition, the kit includes a

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bag for a gas mask and does not fog up and

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films or a special pencil. The

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GP-5 gas masks kit includes a helmet; a

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mask with a membrane box for an

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intercom; to select the

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required helmet size, you need to

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measure your head along a closed line

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passing through the top of the head; cheeks and

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chin; measurements are rounded up to 5

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millimeters with a measurement of up to

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sixty-three centimeters and take

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zero height from sixty-three and a

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half to sixty-five and a

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half centimeters 1 height from 66 to

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sixty-eight centimeters 2 from

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sixty-eight and a half to 70 and a

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half centimeters 3 here is 71

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centimeters or more 4 height

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before use, the gas mask must be

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checked for proper sealing,

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inspect the front part,

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make sure that the height of the helmet-mask

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meets the requirements,

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then determine the integrity, paying

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attention to the glasses of the assembly,

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after that check the valve box,

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the condition of the valves, they should not be

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ship-specific and clogged or torn on the

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filter absorber boxes there

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should be no dents rust punctures and there should be no

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damage in the neck I also draw attention

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to the fact that

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grains are not poured into the box absorber gas mask

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is assembled in this way in the left hand take the helmet

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mask by the valve box with the right hand

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screw the filter

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absorber box onto the bathroom screw until it stops

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necks pipe valves boxes

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helmet masks before putting on the front part of the gas mask

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must be wiped

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outside and inside with a clean cloth slightly

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moistened with water and the exhalation valves must be blown out.

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the bag is down, the filtering

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absorption box is on top, the helmet is a mask

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that is not bent, only slightly

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supports the head and side parts and

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so as to protect the glasses of the glasses of its assembly,

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wears a gas mask of the bag, which is put on

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as follows: the

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shoulder strap is thrown over the right

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shoulder, the

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bag itself is on the left side with the valve away from

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you, the gas mask can be the

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traveling position is ready because its traveling position is a

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position when there is no threat of infection with

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toxic substances

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emergency chemically hazardous substances

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radioactive dust bacterial

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means the bag is on the left side when walking

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it can be moved back a little

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so as not to interfere with the movement of the arms up

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the bag should be at waist level the valve is

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caught in position to prepare, the gas mask

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is transferred already in the event of a threat of infection after

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information on radio and television or on

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command, the gas mask is ready in this case,

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the bag must be secured with a waist band,

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slightly move forward to overtake the bug so

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that you can quickly

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use the gas mask in a combat

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position, the front part is put on, does this

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on command gas on other times in Paris and

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also independently when detecting

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signs of one or another,

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even a gas mask is considered to be put on

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correctly think about the fists of the front

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part is against the duos

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helmet-mask fits tightly to the face it is

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necessary to exhale strongly before

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opening the eyes and resuming breathing

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after putting on the gas mask this

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is explained by the fact that it is necessary to remove

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contaminated air from under the helmet-mask, if it

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got there at the moment on the sofa with a

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gas mask on, you should breathe

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deeply and evenly, you

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should not make sudden movements, if there is a

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need to run, then start

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jogging, gradually increase

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and remove the gas mask on command,

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the gas mask is not for To do this, you need to lift the

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main headgear with one hand, grab the

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valve box with the other, slightly pull the

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member of the mask down and move forward up,

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remove it, put on the headgear, turn

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out the helmet Moscow, thoroughly

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wipe

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and put the bag on your own without a

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command, the gas mask can be removed only

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when it becomes reliably known

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that the danger of destruction has passed

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civilian gas mask GP-7 is

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one of the latest and most advanced

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models; it reliably protects against

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poisonous and many highly

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toxic substances, radioactive and

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bacterial agents; it consists of a

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filter-absorbing GP-7 box to the

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front part of the MGP; their films do not fog up;

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6 pieces of insulating cuffs; two

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pieces of protective knitted covers and

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bags, its weight included without a bag is about

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900 grams, the filter absorbing

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box is 250 grams, the front part is 600

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grams, but the filter absorbing box

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is put on a knitted cover that

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protects it from dirt, snow, moisture,

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ground dust, the

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principle of the protective action of gas masks

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GP-7 and the purpose of its main parts

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the same as GP-5, however, GP-7

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compared to GP-5 has a number of significant

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advantages

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both in operational and

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physiological indicators, due to

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this it can be used by people over

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60 years of age,

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as well as people with pulmonary and

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cardiovascular diseases

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the presence of a membrane intercom in the gas

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mask ensures a clear

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understanding of the transmitted speech;

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selection of the front part of the required

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standard size GP-7 is carried out

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based on the results of measuring the

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horizontal and

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vertical circumference of the head with a soft centimeter tape to protect the

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respiratory system from harmful gases, vapors and

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dust aerosols using a respirator,

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depending on the purpose. there are

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anti-dust gas masks

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and gas dust protection depending on the

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service life, respirators are disposable and

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reusable

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when they are not gas masks not a

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respirator, you can use the

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simplest means of protection - a

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cotton-gauze bandage, it quite

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reliably protects the respiratory system from

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radioactive dust and harmful aerosols and

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bacterial agents

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cotton-gauze the bandage is made

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from a piece of Morse code measuring 100 by 50

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centimeters, the middle part of which is placed in an

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even layer of cotton wool about 2 cm thick; the

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ends of the gauze free of cotton along the entire

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length of the piece on both sides are wrapped;

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I close the cotton wool; the ends of the gauze are about

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35 centimeters in size on both sides;

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calls a cotton-gauze bandage is applied

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on the face so that the lower edge covers the

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bottom of the chin and the upper reaches the

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eye sockets, while the

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mouth and nose should be well covered, the cut ends are tied, the

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lower one is tied on the crown of the head, the upper one is

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back and in case of radiation chemical and

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bacteriological contamination, accidents and

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natural disasters with emission of

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toxic substances, it is necessary to protect

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not only the respiratory organs,

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but also the entire body, the human skin, you see a

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light protective suit L-1 general

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wax protective kit music, it

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provides protection of the skin from toxic

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substances and radioactive substances and

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bacteriological agents, if

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necessary, you can use the

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simplest available means of protection

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leather, this can be industrial

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clothing, jackets, trousers, overalls, it is better from

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tarpaulin, fire-retardant and rubberized

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fabric,

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as well as items of household clothing,

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raincoats and capes and winter things, they can protect

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not only and even radioactive substances, but

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also from drops and bars of many from

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substances to protect the legs better

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Rubber boots and galoshes are all that are suitable; they are capable of

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not allowing droplets of liquid

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toxic substances to pass through for up to 6 hours. The

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hands will be protected by mittens made of

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rubber tarpaulin or leather gloves. The head

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can be tied with a thick scarf or

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put on a hat with earflaps. In addition to individual

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cuts, the shield can be collective means of

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protecting the population, for example, shelters, shelters,

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this is engineering and technical. a structure

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that provides protection; we shelter people in it

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from all damaging factors of

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a nuclear explosion,

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as well as from toxic substances and

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bacterial agents, high temperatures

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and harmful gases; in the fire zone

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at the location of the shelter, shelters can be

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built into the underground parts of the building and

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stand-alone; in addition,

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mine workings can be adapted for the shelter

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mines basement and metropolitans the

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shelter has all the premises and

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utilities provided for in

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case of long-term stay of people in it the

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shelter is equipped with reliable

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power supply an orderly technical

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devices

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such as water supply sewerage

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heating radio and telephone communications

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as well as spare water food and

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nicknames

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remember the basic rules of staying in

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protective structures,

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everyone must know the location of

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protective structures and the route to approach them

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at their place of residence, work or study; in

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case of notification, filling the shelter must be

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organized and quickly; it must be remembered that a

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certain time has been allocated for this, up to 20

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minutes, after which the entrances to the shelter

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are closed and sealed in the shelter.

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strictly follow all

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instructions of the staff for its

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maintenance in the shelter people come with

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personal protective equipment personal

00:10:31

documents those who arrived with children are

00:10:33

taken to separate compartments or

00:10:35

special places for the elderly and sick are

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placed closer to the ventilation

00:10:39

hole

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it is prohibited to bring pets

00:10:43

after filling the shelter is sealed

00:10:45

and the clean mode is turned on ventilation for

00:10:48

normal conditions, a

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certain temperature

00:10:51

and humidity are maintained inside the shelter; if people are to stay in the shelter for a

00:10:54

long time,

00:10:56

conditions for rest and sleep are created;

00:10:58

if

00:11:00

poisonous or

00:11:02

toxic substances are detected infiltrating the air, they are

00:11:03

covered and immediately put on

00:11:05

respiratory protection

00:11:07

and the shelter is switched to filter mode

00:11:09

ventilation, these measures are ensured by a

00:11:12

radiation chemical observation post

00:11:13

in the event of fires occurring near the shelter

00:11:17

or the formation of dangerous concentrations of

00:11:19

radiation and toxic substances, the

00:11:20

protective structure is switched to

00:11:23

full isolation mode and turns on the

00:11:25

air regeneration installation, if it has one,

00:11:28

fill in the protective structure, it is

00:11:30

forbidden

00:11:31

first to smoke, make noise,

00:11:34

talk loudly, enter the structure without

00:11:36

special need to open doors,

00:11:38

get out of weapons, second, turn on the

00:11:42

radio, tape recorders and other

00:11:45

radio equipment, third, use

00:11:48

light sources with open fire,

00:11:50

fourth, bring a

00:11:52

flammable, explosive, and

00:11:54

physically strong substance or a strong

00:11:57

odor substance in any

00:12:00

emergency and everyday situations, keep

00:12:02

calm, follow the

00:12:04

safety rules and take care of yourself

00:12:06

[music]

Description:

- Урок 10. Средства индивидуальной и коллективной защиты Автор: Бойков Александр Евгеньевич Видеоуроки Google Play - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.geographyofrussia.vu08 Ключевые слова: Средства индивидуальной защиты. Средства коллективной защиты. Применение СИЗ и СКЗ в условиях техногенных опасностей и угроз. Конспект урока: Во вводной части к уроку основное внимание уделяется ключевым понятиям темы. В основной части урока приглашенный эксперт знакомит обучающихся с внешним видом и правилами использования средств индивидуальной защиты. Не меньшее внимание уделено учителем для разъяснения правил поведения в противорадиационном убежище.

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