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Путин
Россия
капиатлизм
Ельцин
Гайдар
Чубайс
Дудь
Ходорковский
Березовский
история
Вестник Бури
Олег Комолов
Простые числа
Дефолт 1998
бизнес
Газпром
Андрей Рудой
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00:00:02
modern strong, serious qualities of
00:00:05
Russia associated with President Putin personally
00:00:07
fighting the unipolar world, that is, the
00:00:09
real world revolutionary
00:00:12
of this account is Putin, and he is real here, I
00:00:17
understand that now unhook and for this
00:00:19
word, well, father, yes, he is probably the best
00:00:24
ruler of Russia For many centuries,
00:00:31
talk about how Putin saved Russia from the
00:00:34
nightmare of the 90s and built some
00:00:36
fundamentally new
00:00:38
socio-political model in our
00:00:40
country has been heard
00:00:42
not only from security guards on their
00:00:44
payrolls, but also from people fooled by them.
00:00:47
We have a very good president who is
00:00:50
in principle, he is satisfied with the majority of
00:00:52
the population, and even in my opinion, those who are not
00:00:55
satisfied with him in their souls
00:00:57
also believe in him, according to the
00:01:01
myth propagated by official propaganda, Putin has stabilized the
00:01:03
economy, expelled, or at least
00:01:06
reined in the oligarchs and, of course,
00:01:09
tirelessly fights against the world hegemon in the
00:01:12
person of the United States. who knows
00:01:15
that at the beginning of his reign, Vladimir
00:01:18
Putin set himself the goal
00:01:21
of destroying the United States,
00:01:24
but so far he is training in Russia,
00:01:29
even completely ridiculous theories are appearing
00:01:32
that Vladimir Vladimirovich is no
00:01:34
less than reviving the Soviet
00:01:36
Union, we have already discussed this myth in a
00:01:39
separate video, you will find a link to
00:01:41
screen and in the description, but if Putin does not
00:01:44
revive the scoop so hated by some,
00:01:46
then the question still remains open
00:01:48
what is the essence of the Russian economy of the
00:01:52
early 21st century in which we
00:01:55
live and what radically new appeared
00:01:58
in it during Putin’s reign, this video
00:02:01
essentially completes the trilogy dedicated to the
00:02:04
revival of market relations in the depths of the
00:02:06
USSR, their complete restoration at the turn of the
00:02:09
80s-90s and
00:02:12
finally the transformation in the 2000s with the
00:02:15
final establishment in our country,
00:02:18
unique models of semi-peripheral
00:02:21
capitalism, you will find links to previous parts
00:02:24
in the description of the video,
00:02:26
they say there is interesting and a lot of new
00:02:29
information
00:02:34
I will note, as usual, that the topic of capitalism in
00:02:38
Putin’s Russia is globally multifaceted and
00:02:41
deeply, so for those who want to
00:02:43
familiarize themselves with it in more detail, I will leave
00:02:46
links in the description to the research on
00:02:48
which I myself relied, these are articles by the
00:02:51
economist Ruslan from
00:02:54
Oleg Komolov’s materials on racial issues and, of course, the book by
00:02:56
Maxim Lepsky about the new Russian
00:02:58
capitalism and its articles on the website of
00:03:01
the Herald Buryu and so what is the
00:03:03
economy of Putin’s Russia, is
00:03:06
it fundamentally different from the models of
00:03:09
Yeltsin’s times and where is this whole system going in general, the
00:03:12
time has come to talk and
00:03:15
let’s go about it
00:03:19
[music]
00:03:33
we will begin our story from a
00:03:35
turning point moment in the history of
00:03:37
post-Soviet Russia since the crisis of
00:03:42
1998-99, which changed a lot, by
00:03:45
1990 the entire economy of the country was
00:03:48
divided mainly between seven
00:03:50
industrial and financial oligarchic
00:03:53
groups that decisively
00:03:55
influenced the political line of the
00:03:58
country's leadership Boris Berezovsky very aptly
00:04:01
called this system the seven-banker system
00:04:03
of actually these groups there were more, but the
00:04:06
tidbits of Soviet industry
00:04:09
went to the named oligarchs,
00:04:11
let's go over them the first group is the
00:04:13
group of the Berezovsky tax you
00:04:16
united bank Sibneft
00:04:18
aeroflot two television channels mouths
00:04:21
TV-6 barely printed media
00:04:23
independent newspaper and Ogonyok the second
00:04:26
group belonged to Khodorkovsky's bank
00:04:28
Menatep holding company roses prom
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yukos assets in the food industry
00:04:34
metallurgy and chemical wood
00:04:36
processing and textile
00:04:38
industries the third group is
00:04:40
Friedman's alpha group but this is alpha bank
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Tyumen oil company
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chemical food glass
00:04:47
construction industry companies 4 this group
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Gusinsky bridge bridge bank NTV echo of Moscow
00:04:54
newspapers today magazine results
00:04:56
5 group this group Potanin Onexim
00:04:59
Bank on Rila Nickel sedanka
00:05:02
metallurgical companies and several
00:05:04
newspapers Izvestia Komsomolskaya Pravda
00:05:06
and so on 6 this is the group of Smolensk sbs
00:05:10
agro bank of the capital newspaper Kommersant and
00:05:13
several magazines
00:05:14
7 this group is Vinogradova inkombank
00:05:17
co-owner of the steel foundry
00:05:19
Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel
00:05:21
Works Samara Iron and Steel
00:05:23
Works and so on but here it comes
00:05:27
the crisis of 98, which made
00:05:30
adjustments to these alignments, the
00:05:32
default mechanism itself was perfectly described in
00:05:35
Oleg Komolov’s recent video, a link to
00:05:37
which you will find in the description, I will only
00:05:40
briefly note that this default occurred
00:05:43
from the St. Petersburg
00:05:44
culation on the government
00:05:45
short-term bond market
00:05:47
due to the general decline in industrial
00:05:49
production in the 90s, which was
00:05:52
multiplied by a heap by a sharp drop in world
00:05:55
oil prices, they are talking about devaluation no 1
00:05:59
1 phrase depends on you and there
00:06:02
will be no business years everything is firm and clear
00:06:05
firm and clear the
00:06:07
August default hit the
00:06:10
financial sector very hard, leading to the
00:06:12
massive bankruptcy of banks,
00:06:15
Inkombank Stolichny Bank went bankrupt, Russian
00:06:17
Credit
00:06:18
Onexim Bank Bank Menatep and so on, a
00:06:21
significant part of the
00:06:23
financial and industrial groups from the so-
00:06:24
called seven-bankers lost their former
00:06:27
economic power;
00:06:30
only those oligarchs who
00:06:33
owned the assets of large
00:06:34
industrial enterprises and raw materials
00:06:37
companies were kept afloat; default the era of so-called
00:06:40
wild capitalism in Russia ended,
00:06:43
the period in which the newly-minted oligarchs
00:06:45
put together their financial empires in a short period of time
00:06:48
and redistributed the
00:06:50
Soviet legacy among themselves ended, a
00:06:53
new stage of development began, stabilization
00:06:56
apparently a certain part of the
00:06:58
emerging ruling class realized
00:07:01
that it was no longer possible to live in the old way;
00:07:04
property is already divided and the market
00:07:07
needs to be stabilized by moderately
00:07:09
tough arbitration, otherwise you won’t be able to cook porridge. The
00:07:13
old sick man, having completed his
00:07:15
historical mission to destroy the
00:07:17
Soviet economic model and having
00:07:20
completely lost his authority among the
00:07:23
people, Yeltsin was no longer suitable for
00:07:25
solving the problems of the new era,
00:07:27
so it is known that there is a transit
00:07:30
of power I will
00:07:33
point out, of course, the most obvious
00:07:41
candidate for the presidency in
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ninety-nine was Yevgeny Primakov,
00:07:45
the head of the only post-Soviet
00:07:47
government whose policy was radically
00:07:50
different from all others by
00:07:52
introducing state regulation, Primakov began
00:07:54
leading the country out of the crisis, which gained
00:07:57
him popularity among the people, which means
00:08:00
there was a certain image of a good father, a kind,
00:08:03
wise father Primakova’s slightly grumpily
00:08:07
reasonable father, but
00:08:10
Primakov was too much of a center-left
00:08:12
figure and did not suit a number of
00:08:14
oligarchic clans, so the lot fell,
00:08:17
you know who, so Berezovsky
00:08:20
chose agel no no and who but it
00:08:24
was generally a collective decision and
00:08:27
yes, perhaps it was still a
00:08:29
collective decision to word x
00:08:32
KGB officer Vladimir Putin, contrary to the
00:08:34
mantras of his guards, throughout the 90s
00:08:37
he worked strictly according to the canons of
00:08:39
Yeltsin’s times, and at times he
00:08:41
found himself on the front line, for example,
00:08:43
a report from August 1991,
00:08:48
Smirninsky Putin sits on the left hand of his
00:08:50
boss Anatoly Sobchak
00:08:52
and their delegation is discussing the sale to
00:08:54
foreign investors of Soviet
00:08:57
enterprises, mind you, the Soviet Union has
00:08:59
not yet collapsed; privatization has not yet been announced,
00:09:02
but the St. Petersburg guys have already felt
00:09:05
which way the wind of change is blowing, discussing the
00:09:08
possibilities of cooperation with the European
00:09:10
Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the
00:09:12
mayor of Leningrad, Anatoly Sobchak, said the
00:09:15
president at the bank to Mr. or else that
00:09:17
Western investors can count
00:09:19
on the fact that As a guarantee of their
00:09:21
deposits, some of our
00:09:24
factories and enterprises will be sold to them; they will be able to buy
00:09:26
land and organize production on it,
00:09:28
which will then be transferred to them.
00:09:30
Anatoly Sobchak
00:09:33
also expressed the hope that now that
00:09:35
party structures will have to step away
00:09:37
from power, there will be no obstacles or cooperation
00:09:39
no less famous is
00:09:42
case number one hundred and forty-four 128,
00:09:46
according to which Putin was suspected of
00:09:48
incredible thefts through the 20
00:09:51
3s corporation amounting to tens of millions of dollars,
00:09:54
but the businessmen, as you know, hushed up the thesis
00:09:57
that Putin in 90 could have been wrong, but
00:10:00
then decisively dissociated himself from the
00:10:02
characters from those times is also fundamentally
00:10:04
incorrect, firstly, as we will see,
00:10:06
most of the oligarchs of Yeltsin’s times
00:10:09
successfully migrated to the Putin
00:10:11
elite, and secondly,
00:10:13
Vladimir Vladimirovich himself does not hide his
00:10:15
reverence for many reformers from the 90s,
00:10:19
for example, his words on the death of Gaidar, the
00:10:22
death of Yegor Timurovich Gaidar and a heavy
00:10:25
loss for Russia, for all of us, a
00:10:28
true citizen and patriot, a
00:10:30
strong-willed person, a talented
00:10:33
scholarly writer and practitioner, not every
00:10:36
statesman has
00:10:39
the opportunity to serve the fatherland at the most
00:10:41
critical stages of his history, make
00:10:44
key decisions that will determine
00:10:46
the future of the country,
00:10:47
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar worthily fulfilled
00:10:50
this most difficult Having demonstrated the best
00:10:53
professional and personal qualities, he
00:10:57
did not shy away from responsibility and in the
00:10:59
most difficult situations with honor and
00:11:02
courage he withstood the blow. The
00:11:04
bright memory of Yegor Gaidar will forever
00:11:08
remain in the hearts of his family and friends of
00:11:10
all who knew this wonderful
00:11:13
man, what a patriot and a
00:11:17
true citizen did there Gaidar as the
00:11:20
head of the 1st post-Soviet government, we
00:11:23
discussed in one of the previous videos,
00:11:26
don’t be too lazy to watch when you go
00:11:30
to another world and find yourself before God, what will
00:11:33
you tell him to the
00:11:39
idiot who counted the chest,
00:11:42
let’s return, however, to the tasks that
00:11:45
faced the authorities in 2000, the transfer of
00:11:48
power had no it was simply a formal
00:11:50
character; behind it there was a change in the
00:11:53
balance of power in the political system of
00:11:55
Russia; Russian capitalism in the 90s
00:11:59
was formed in the wake of the collapse of all
00:12:01
state structures, including power
00:12:03
institutions in the form of the army and intelligence services;
00:12:06
the redistribution of property and markets led to a
00:12:09
sharp rise in crime and
00:12:10
national separatism
00:12:12
from the moment of defeat Kremlin in the first
00:12:14
Chechen war, the Chechen problem
00:12:17
becomes key for the Russian
00:12:19
government; the growth of separatism encouraged by
00:12:21
individual oligarchs threatened the big
00:12:24
bourgeoisie; loss of markets and resources; a
00:12:26
serious threat to the ruling class was
00:12:29
posed by governors who in the
00:12:32
90s became semi-independent rulers
00:12:34
in their regions; it is no coincidence that
00:12:37
Putin’s first presidential term began with the
00:12:39
subordination of governors to the federal
00:12:41
center with the help of the institution of plenipotentiary
00:12:43
representatives of the president in the region, according to the
00:12:46
calculations of the sociologist Kryshtanovskaya in
00:12:50
2004, the number of security officials in Putin’s
00:12:52
elite reached 24 percent; the share of
00:12:55
security forces in the Yeltsin elite in ninety-
00:12:58
three was at the level of 11 percent;
00:13:01
by 2008, the share of security forces increased to
00:13:04
forty-two percent, and the security forces
00:13:07
were scattered throughout the state
00:13:10
apparatus, I often act as deputies in
00:13:12
key ministries, exercising
00:13:14
control over the activities of senior
00:13:16
officials, the British Marxist Simon
00:13:19
Pera does not write in one of his books,
00:13:21
the security forces brought to the Russian
00:13:23
state not the threat of general
00:13:25
nationalization of the Soviet type and
00:13:27
totalitarianism, but Soviet methods of
00:13:30
management and control for the needs of the new
00:13:33
class of Russian capitalists of the 21st century, the
00:13:37
time to scatter stones was replaced by
00:13:39
a time to collect them, and here the security forces and the
00:13:42
tightening of the vertical of power were
00:13:45
logical levers; however, when the
00:13:47
domestic capitalist
00:13:49
economy stabilized, the security forces did
00:13:52
not go anywhere,
00:13:53
as we know, they continue to occupy
00:13:56
their warm positions as a result strengthening the
00:13:58
role of the security forces of the civil and
00:14:01
military bureaucracy tried to
00:14:03
strengthen their economic and
00:14:05
political influence by turning from a
00:14:08
blind tool of the oligarchs into their partners
00:14:11
within the ruling class in the crisis
00:14:13
situation of the late 90s, the oligarchs compromised with
00:14:17
part of the state bureaucracy and the
00:14:19
security forces
00:14:20
thus in the late 90s In the 1990s,
00:14:22
two parts of the new Russian
00:14:25
ruling class were formed -
00:14:26
the security forces and the civil bureaucracy. Simon
00:14:29
Perrone, I rightly note that the
00:14:31
state disciplined the oligarchs
00:14:34
in the interests of the owner class as a whole
00:14:37
and regained the functions lost in the
00:14:39
chaos of the 90s, state power is
00:14:42
not an end in itself but a means of managing
00:14:45
post-Soviet Russian capitalism and
00:14:48
its integration into the world system, the
00:14:50
alliance of big business, the bureaucracy and the
00:14:53
security forces
00:14:54
is not something unique for countries on the
00:14:57
periphery and semi-periphery of capitalism,
00:15:00
just remember the experience of
00:15:03
Latin America. Putin’s rise to power
00:15:05
meant a change in the attitude of the Kremlin; the
00:15:09
calligraphic clan; the civil
00:15:11
bureaucracy and security forces are no longer satisfied with the government
00:15:13
seven bankers and
00:15:16
therefore the Kremlin
00:15:17
is concluding an alliance with some
00:15:20
oligarchic clans with the clans of
00:15:22
Potanin Abramovich against others against
00:15:26
Berezovsky Gusinsky the course the path is
00:15:29
equal to the removal of the oligarchs from power
00:15:31
had an obvious and propaganda character
00:15:34
since it gave birth in the public mood to
00:15:36
hope for social revenge of the
00:15:39
humiliated and oppressed through
00:15:41
nationalization property of snickering
00:15:43
oligarchs, these assumptions are confirmed by the
00:15:46
famous Kremlin political strategist of
00:15:48
those years, Gleb Pavlovsky
00:15:50
himself, then being revenge from there I saw
00:15:52
her coalition of revenge loser,
00:15:56
meaning the groups most affected by the
00:15:58
reforms of the 90s and the destruction of Soviet
00:16:00
institutions, doctors and the
00:16:02
goals of public sector employees, the FSB army, scientists,
00:16:05
pensioners, housewives the losers
00:16:08
had to be given a sure chance of state
00:16:10
revenge, they were just a pretty candidate
00:16:13
by the end of the campaign and a protege of the family,
00:16:16
the candidate turned into the banner of revenge for
00:16:19
all the social losers of Russia, a
00:16:21
defender from the tyrki, pensioners, the leader,
00:16:24
impoverished and the army of an idol, formed by a cypher
00:16:27
and housewives, the leader of the
00:16:29
growing majority, and after all, it is
00:16:32
still official propaganda is trying to
00:16:34
present Putin in this capacity, although
00:16:37
it is obvious that the reality is far from
00:16:40
propaganda cliches along the luxurious
00:16:42
corridors and halls of the palaces of the Moscow
00:16:45
Kremlin, the
00:16:47
modest and inconspicuous Vladimir
00:16:49
Vladimirovich Putin entered his new office and soon our
00:16:52
self-awareness will massively contribute to the fact
00:16:57
that even at the very beginning of the very first
00:16:59
of his term, Putin met absolutely
00:17:02
officially with representatives of the oligarch, well,
00:17:06
with those naturally who wanted to engage
00:17:08
in dialogue and concluded an agreement with them, a
00:17:10
new political alignment
00:17:13
was fixed at Putin’s meeting with 19
00:17:16
owners of the largest companies on
00:17:19
July 28, 2000, the results of the meeting became the
00:17:23
informal agreements of the so
00:17:25
-called July 28 Pact 1 the
00:17:29
big oligarchs do not make
00:17:31
direct attempts to lobby
00:17:33
their interests through bribery of individual
00:17:35
officials, the second oligarchs should no longer
00:17:38
individually make
00:17:40
any demands to the Kremlin,
00:17:42
permanent platforms are created for the RSPM Council on
00:17:46
Entrepreneurship under the government of the Russian Federation,
00:17:48
and so on, on which a
00:17:50
joint discussion of economic
00:17:52
policy is conducted the third state eliminates the
00:17:55
progressive income tax rate
00:17:57
in exchange for the fact that the oligarchs no longer
00:18:00
evade taxes 4 the Kremlin
00:18:03
guarantees the preservation of the results of
00:18:05
privatization fact July 28 and the general
00:18:09
increase in oil prices led to a sharp
00:18:11
increase in taxes on the export of raw materials from
00:18:15
abroad, it is clear that for example
00:18:17
Berezovsky Gusinsky Khodorkovsky
00:18:20
wanted to continue play their games, but for
00:18:23
which they actually paid with the
00:18:24
tacit or not entirely tacit
00:18:27
consent of the remaining oligarchs, but on the whole,
00:18:30
agreements were reached, the ruling
00:18:33
class was consolidated and Russian
00:18:36
capitalism entered a new phase of its
00:18:38
development, the new phase was not a
00:18:41
negation of the previous phase, but only
00:18:44
logical and continued
00:18:46
and in fact, the fact that the
00:18:49
alliance between the business of the security forces and the
00:18:52
bureaucracy was so successful and that the
00:18:54
subsequent economic take-off
00:18:57
was facilitated by the well-known rise in oil prices,
00:19:00
if we look at the hijacked scientific article by
00:19:03
Vladimir Vladimirovich, we will see that it
00:19:05
already indicates the attitude of the future
00:19:08
president regarding the vector of development of the
00:19:11
country’s economy I
00:19:12
quote, the Russian economy in the 21st century,
00:19:16
at least in the first half, will
00:19:18
apparently retain its
00:19:20
focus on raw materials; the potential value of
00:19:25
Russia’s balance sheet mineral reserves allows us to consider the
00:19:28
mineral resource complex as the basis for the
00:19:30
sustainable development of the country for the
00:19:32
long term; the
00:19:34
presence of large natural resource
00:19:36
potential in Russia determines it a
00:19:38
special place among industrial countries;
00:19:41
resource potential, if
00:19:43
used effectively, will become one
00:19:46
of the most important prerequisites for
00:19:48
Russia’s sustainable entry into the world
00:19:50
economy; no restoration of the
00:19:53
manufacturing industry; no
00:19:55
removal of unrealized
00:19:58
Soviet technologies from the bins; no sale of
00:20:01
resources; and since 1999, this approach has become
00:20:05
the path of least resistance; the average
00:20:08
export price of Russian crude oil in
00:20:10
ninety-eight was 74 dollars per
00:20:14
ton in ninety-nine already 111 in 2000
00:20:18
180 dollars in 2001 one hundred fifty-six
00:20:21
dollars in 2002 163 dollars in 2004 230
00:20:28
and the dollar was very useful for the Russian
00:20:31
authorities due to the reluctance of the oligarch
00:20:33
Khodorkovsky to
00:20:34
play according to the agreements reached in the ruling class
00:20:36
and the subsequent Yukos case,
00:20:39
which only expanded the
00:20:41
state’s ability to receive money from
00:20:44
hydrocarbons, an important role in increasing
00:20:46
profits from the export of mineral raw materials in the
00:20:49
late 90s was also played by the
00:20:51
devaluation of the ruble, which led to a
00:20:53
sharp decrease in the price of oil within
00:20:55
the country in the ninety-ninth year,
00:20:57
internal price oil per 1 ton 26
00:21:00
dollars in 97 74 dollars export
00:21:04
price 111 dollars exports of crude oil
00:21:06
increased from one hundred and forty-four
00:21:08
million tons in 2000 to 260 million
00:21:13
tons in 2004 according to official data,
00:21:17
Russia's GDP gave the following growth figures
00:21:20
2000 10 percent 2001 5 point one a
00:21:24
tenth of a percent 2002 4.7 percent
00:21:28
2003 7.3 percent in 2004 at seven
00:21:34
point two percent, but further on
00:21:36
you see the numbers on the screen according to
00:21:38
alternative calculations by economists,
00:21:41
during the most dynamic period of growth
00:21:43
the Russian economy experienced average growth from 99 to
00:21:47
2008 GDP
00:21:50
5.2 percent per year, the determining reason for
00:21:53
this was the possibility of using
00:21:56
unused fixed assets of
00:21:58
Soviet enterprises and a significant
00:22:01
number of unemployed; the average
00:22:03
capacity utilization in industry for 44 types of
00:22:06
products in the ninety-eighth year
00:22:08
was 34.2 percent; in 2003, for
00:22:13
82 types of products it was already 46
00:22:17
percent in 2008 for 73 types of
00:22:21
products was 50 9.4 percent by the
00:22:25
beginning of the global economic crisis in
00:22:27
2008, the possibility of using
00:22:30
unused Soviet industrial
00:22:32
funds had been exhausted and the remaining
00:22:35
unused funds were already very
00:22:37
outdated, that is, the
00:22:39
economic growth of the 2000s
00:22:41
had two important sources the first is a
00:22:45
sharp increase in oil prices and the second
00:22:48
is the use of Soviet industrial
00:22:50
funds which are simply just
00:22:53
the nineties,
00:22:55
and the third additional factor
00:22:57
is, of course, the consolidation of the ruling
00:23:00
class; dependence on raw materials has caused
00:23:03
serious imbalances in the development of the entire
00:23:05
national economy of Russia in the
00:23:08
Sberbank report for 2011 dedicated to
00:23:11
the modernization of the enterprise manufacturing
00:23:13
industry contains data from a survey of
00:23:16
managers of 698 enterprises, when asked
00:23:20
when was the last time a
00:23:22
comprehensive modernization of your
00:23:24
enterprise was carried out, 30 percent of managers
00:23:27
could not answer anything at all that
00:23:31
when the equipment at our
00:23:34
enterprise was updated, I want to update it is necessary 26
00:23:39
percent of managers said that
00:23:41
the modernization was carried out less than 5 years
00:23:43
ago from 2011 naturally 11
00:23:47
percent
00:23:48
6-10 years ago 4 percent 11-15 years
00:23:52
ago seven percent 15-20 years ago 10
00:23:56
percent 21 30 years ago and 11 percent
00:23:59
answered that more than 30 years ago, in general,
00:24:03
if the oil industry, gas industry and
00:24:05
other minor industries under Putin,
00:24:08
they are being updated in some places very well,
00:24:10
but in a significant part of the industry,
00:24:13
obsolescence and slow
00:24:15
death continued, which began under
00:24:17
Gorbachev and spruce price,
00:24:19
the main investments go into the mining
00:24:22
sector, while the manufacturing
00:24:24
industry is clearly degrading, in connection
00:24:26
with this, Ruslan Dzarasov makes the most important
00:24:29
conclusion that that within the framework of the existing
00:24:31
economic model, Russia will face
00:24:33
further degradation of the manufacturing
00:24:36
industry and the organization of the entire
00:24:38
society, by the way, despite such
00:24:41
bleak prospects after the
00:24:43
stabilization of the Russian economy in the
00:24:45
2000s and the rise in domestic oil prices,
00:24:47
or did you naturally
00:24:49
wake up imperialist amp
00:24:52
c in the 90s destroyed the crisis
00:24:55
economy forced the valuable company to
00:24:57
take out more and more loans from the
00:25:00
IMF, and every sight of a passing red
00:25:03
revenge within the country pushed the then
00:25:05
ruling elite to build close
00:25:08
vassal relations with the lord in the person of
00:25:11
the United States, so that a friend would hit if something happened, cover
00:25:14
and protect it for what it’s worth in this
00:25:16
regard, the recently declassified
00:25:18
negotiations between Yeltsin and Clinton in the
00:25:21
90s in the 2000s, the situation changed;
00:25:24
loans were not particularly needed; the internal
00:25:27
opposition was pinned down, but
00:25:29
extra money appeared; therefore, it was necessary to more
00:25:32
actively defend the international
00:25:34
position of their oil and gas companies,
00:25:36
and about the increased number the forces of centuries in the
00:25:39
power structures which we have already
00:25:41
mentioned earlier
00:25:42
and which could not but influence the
00:25:44
situation, too, do not forget the
00:25:46
Russian raw materials sector, peripheral
00:25:49
capitalism has risen to its full height and also
00:25:52
wanted to play big games, but then
00:25:56
obviously someone will exclaim that you are
00:25:59
talking here about some kind of capitalism, but
00:26:01
under Putin, most enterprises became
00:26:04
state-owned,
00:26:06
most of our enterprises are
00:26:08
state-owned, you forgot about this growth
00:26:11
to me in the private that Gazprom private Russian Railways are
00:26:14
private, are you just these state-
00:26:17
owned enterprises that don’t
00:26:18
even need to be nationalized, they are already ours,
00:26:21
they work for a bunch they are on the budget,
00:26:25
that is, they don’t even need any laws,
00:26:27
all this is not joint-stock companies and the
00:26:29
main law on
00:26:31
joint-stock companies was joking to make enterprises
00:26:33
in fact a frequent donor, there is no capital from the names,
00:26:35
the main thing is there in Oksana RK there are
00:26:38
states but the main and only one
00:26:41
anche tu
00:26:43
well The charter of a joint stock company is
00:26:45
structured in such a way that the enterprise
00:26:46
functions according to its charter as a
00:26:48
private company, that is, simply produced
00:26:49
in Italy, I sincerely agree absolutely,
00:26:52
and here we are faced with one important and
00:26:55
common myth about Putin’s economy,
00:26:57
the myth that under Putin most of the
00:27:01
economy became state-owned, which
00:27:03
means capitalism We don’t have
00:27:06
the right
00:27:08
capitalism or Russia doesn’t have capitalism at all. There is
00:27:11
information in the media that about seventy
00:27:14
percent of Russia’s GDP is produced by
00:27:16
state-owned enterprises.
00:27:18
Evidence confirming these data is
00:27:21
usually not provided to the
00:27:22
approving parties and is
00:27:25
not needed because for the custodians such
00:27:27
figures confirm Putin’s state
00:27:30
policy of departure from
00:27:32
the politics of the 90s for libertarians and
00:27:35
classical liberals is a reason to shout
00:27:37
about the wrongness of the Russian market and
00:27:39
the need for further privatization, but
00:27:42
what is the real public sector in
00:27:44
the economy? This was the subject of another
00:27:47
video by Oleg Komolov, a link to which
00:27:49
will also be in the description and few people
00:27:51
wonder where FAS even
00:27:53
got it from this data seemed to come out of
00:27:56
nowhere, as the newspaper ru writes,
00:27:59
the department did not conduct any special research,
00:28:01
but only agreed with the value judgment of
00:28:04
one of the participants in the Gaidar
00:28:06
forum, who took and added up the
00:28:08
added value of all companies at least
00:28:10
somehow related to the state and the entire
00:28:13
consolidated budget of Russia,
00:28:14
funny but this that same case when the
00:28:17
evidence is given in the spirit of one
00:28:20
grandmother told me something, but since
00:28:22
this grandmother was on the Gaidar forum, you
00:28:25
definitely need to believe her. It is
00:28:28
separately emphasized that the
00:28:30
nationalization of the Russian economy is a
00:28:32
stable trend that has been going on for
00:28:35
many years without the share of the public
00:28:38
sector in 2005 the economy was only
00:28:40
35 percent, since then it has doubled; in reality, of
00:28:44
course, everything is not at all like that here;
00:28:47
let those who believed in the nationalization of the Russian
00:28:50
economy stop digging for valerian drops,
00:28:53
take a deep breath and finally find out
00:28:57
how things are, in fact, there is nothing
00:29:00
fundamental in the Russian economy since the
00:29:02
90s years has not changed, it also
00:29:04
remains capitalist, it also
00:29:07
works for the benefit of the tandem of large
00:29:09
owners and senior officials, and so
00:29:12
some statistics, let's
00:29:13
start with the size of the budget through which
00:29:15
you can measure the depth of the
00:29:17
state's influence on the economy.
00:29:20
In 2017 in Russia, the ratio of the
00:29:21
consolidated budget to GDP
00:29:23
was 34 percent in
00:29:25
OECD countries. In developed
00:29:28
economies, this figure is significantly
00:29:30
higher than the average of 43 percent in a number of
00:29:34
countries; it is even more than fifty
00:29:36
percent, if we assume that
00:29:39
nationalization is taking place in Russia, but
00:29:42
accordingly the volume of
00:29:44
assets owned by the state should increase,
00:29:45
but not throughout the Putin years, the
00:29:48
share of fixed assets
00:29:51
owned by Russia of the federation
00:29:52
consistently decreased from 27
00:29:56
percent in 2000 to twenty-three
00:29:58
percent in 2017, and this is not surprising
00:30:01
since privatization has been and remains an
00:30:04
integral part of the state
00:30:06
economic policy,
00:30:07
so in 2017 the government approved
00:30:11
another plan for the privatization of federal
00:30:13
property for three years; it implies the
00:30:16
sale of almost a quarter of federal
00:30:18
state unitary enterprises and
00:30:20
also the sale of shares of 30 percent of
00:30:23
joint stock companies in which the
00:30:25
state participates; earlier, during the period 2010 to
00:30:30
2015, the state transferred
00:30:32
assets worth 120 billion rubles into private hands over the
00:30:35
past decades, the role of the
00:30:37
state in the Russian economy has
00:30:38
continued to decline, according to
00:30:41
Rosstat, the share of investments in fixed
00:30:43
capital has fallen by 11 percentage points
00:30:45
average annual number of employees in
00:30:47
state organizations by 8
00:30:50
percentage points the total share of
00:30:52
state enterprises among all
00:30:54
companies has been halved and yet significant pieces of large property
00:30:57
remain in the hands of the state
00:31:01
all Russian Railways and Trans Oil half of the Sberbank of
00:31:04
Gosprom the growth of oil and Aeroflot for the third
00:31:07
time and a quarter of Moscow stock exchange and so
00:31:09
on, at first glance it may seem
00:31:11
that the ownership of such large assets
00:31:14
brings good income to the state
00:31:16
budget,
00:31:17
converting with then the construction of schools,
00:31:19
roads, hospitals, payment of pensions to the elderly and
00:31:22
salaries to scientists, but no, if you go to the website
00:31:25
of the Ministry of Finance,
00:31:26
you can see that almost all
00:31:28
budget revenues are generated by
00:31:30
taxes in In the aggregated breakdown of
00:31:32
budget revenues, there is not even such a column
00:31:35
as income from the use of
00:31:36
state property; they are included
00:31:39
in the section other income and amount to
00:31:42
absolutely paltry amounts; in
00:31:45
2018, the budget received
00:31:48
only
00:31:50
six hundred and forty-seven billion rubles from state and municipal property, that
00:31:52
is, less than two percent of the
00:31:54
consolidated budget of Russia how can you
00:31:57
ask, after all, in 2018, only
00:32:00
one Gazprom made a profit of almost one and a
00:32:02
half trillion rubles, which means the budget
00:32:05
should get half of this money
00:32:07
since 50 percent of the company’s shares
00:32:10
are in the hands of the state, as if the
00:32:12
fact is that Gazprom is
00:32:15
like all the others joint-stock companies in
00:32:17
which the state has its share
00:32:19
are not states at all, but a
00:32:22
real private company in which
00:32:24
decisions are made by private individuals, the
00:32:26
board of directors, the appointment of which
00:32:29
the state takes part in, and
00:32:32
determines what share of the profits will be
00:32:34
sent to dividends to shareholders in
00:32:36
2018, this share was 26
00:32:40
percent or two hundred forty-six
00:32:42
billion rubles, so the budget
00:32:44
received from Gazprom not half at all, but
00:32:46
only 13 percent of its profit;
00:32:49
Gazprom kept the rest of the profit for
00:32:51
itself and used it, for example, for
00:32:53
multimillion-dollar bonuses for management and
00:32:55
corporate events with Philip Kirkorov, here’s
00:32:58
your grandmother and nationalization is truly a
00:33:01
state presence in the economy
00:33:04
in fact two to three times less than the
00:33:06
forwarding was announced on one of the
00:33:08
Gaidar forums of moreover,
00:33:11
these indicators are declining; moreover, even
00:33:15
state-owned or semi-
00:33:17
state-owned companies essentially do not
00:33:20
bring any gigantic dividends to the state. It was
00:33:23
under Putin that models of so-
00:33:26
called state corporations emerged that
00:33:28
they work in fact as a private
00:33:31
company, enriching their own top
00:33:33
manager
00:33:34
and the bureaucracy that is privately involved in the matter, but
00:33:37
who are essentially
00:33:39
veiled capitalists, everything here is
00:33:42
according to the classic formula of
00:33:43
privatization of income and nationalization of
00:33:47
expenses, we really use it on
00:33:58
earth and of course if we are talking about
00:34:02
Putin’s economy we We cannot
00:34:04
ignore one more of its most important features: the most
00:34:07
active withdrawal of funds to offshore companies;
00:34:11
only according to official data from the
00:34:12
Central Bank of Russia, the export of capital
00:34:15
from Russia by the private sector amounted to
00:34:23
$828 billion in the period from 94 to 2017; in 2014, the outflow of capital reached a
00:34:27
historical maximum in the modern
00:34:30
history of Russia amounting to one hundred and fifty-
00:34:32
two billion dollars,
00:34:34
which is equal to 7 and a half percent of GDP, but
00:34:37
along with the outflow of capital
00:34:39
carried out by the private sector, the
00:34:41
Russian state is also actively
00:34:43
withdrawing money abroad in two ways, the
00:34:45
first is the payment of external government debt and the
00:34:48
second is the purchase of US securities, taking
00:34:51
this into account according to Oleg Komolova
00:34:54
the amount of net capital outflow from Russia
00:34:56
over the past 20 years has amounted to more than
00:35:00
$1 trillion, this is what the
00:35:02
famous economist Pekite writes in the work from the
00:35:05
Soviets to the oligarchs, how large is the
00:35:08
corresponding capital outflow and the
00:35:10
associated offshore wealth
00:35:12
if we simply accumulate the
00:35:15
trade surplus forward 90 2015 then we
00:35:19
we get about two hundred and thirty
00:35:21
percent of national income,
00:35:24
so we can conclude that the
00:35:26
total capital outflow is
00:35:28
about 200 percent of national
00:35:31
income, provided that official net
00:35:34
and foreign assets account for less than 30
00:35:37
percent of national income. In
00:35:39
principle, the
00:35:41
total flow of capital income on
00:35:44
these foreign assets should also be taken into account which,
00:35:46
depending on the
00:35:47
rate of return, can lead to
00:35:48
significantly higher estimates of
00:35:51
missing external wealth with a
00:35:53
total amount of about 300 percent of
00:35:56
Russia's current national income
00:35:58
or more depending on the return, in
00:36:02
other words, the pumping of
00:36:05
Russia's national wealth through oligarchs to offshore companies,
00:36:08
which began back in the 90s years which
00:36:11
led to the fact that, according to some
00:36:12
estimates, more than one annual GDP of Russia does
00:36:15
not lie in Russia at all, it only
00:36:18
intensified under Putin,
00:36:20
and another characteristic feature of
00:36:22
Putin’s economy is the so-called
00:36:25
insider rent, which economists Ruslan Dzarasov quite
00:36:28
often speaks and writes about,
00:36:29
in essence this
00:36:32
distribution of surplus value
00:36:34
produced by workers along chains of
00:36:37
insider connections, that is, profit does not
00:36:40
just go into the pockets and the capitalists into the
00:36:42
treasury in the form of taxes, but spreads through
00:36:45
various channels from bribes and kickbacks to
00:36:48
officials to the cloud of offshores, more
00:36:52
about all this at the links in the description,
00:36:55
needless to say that under the
00:36:57
existing economic model,
00:36:59
social inequality in Russia has in no
00:37:02
way been smoothed out compared to the
00:37:04
90s.
00:37:05
On the screen you see a graph from the already
00:37:08
mentioned work by Pekite, which reflects the
00:37:10
share of income of the richest one percent of
00:37:13
people in the country among the total income,
00:37:16
as can be seen in Putin’s time
00:37:18
this the indicator either slightly exceeded the figures of the
00:37:21
90s or was slightly lower, but
00:37:23
the principle of the situation has not changed,
00:37:26
although Mr. Peskov
00:37:28
responsibly declares that there are no
00:37:31
oligarchs in Russia. Sands stated that oligarchs do not exist in Russia,
00:37:34
according to Peskov,
00:37:36
there are no oligarchs in Russia, entrepreneurs
00:37:38
using their money for influence Presidential
00:37:40
Press Secretary
00:37:41
Dmitry Peskov is confident in politics, so what do
00:37:44
we end up with? Putin is not the
00:37:47
savior of the country and the economy, but only an
00:37:50
arbiter of a compromise figure for the
00:37:52
Russian oligarchs who, after the crisis of
00:37:55
98, realized the need to
00:37:59
stabilize the situation with the help of
00:38:01
state control, hence the
00:38:04
comrade KGB officer of the FSB auger who,
00:38:06
together with a retinue of security officials,
00:38:08
was entrusted with bringing order here;
00:38:12
otherwise, the economy was dominated by the
00:38:14
same trends that had developed back in the
00:38:17
90s, privatization, both open and
00:38:20
veiled, in the form of creating state
00:38:23
corporations, orientation towards the export of
00:38:25
hydrocarbons, domination of oligarchic
00:38:28
clans and authorization of the economy, and so on.
00:38:31
Of course, the degradation of industry, well,
00:38:33
except for mining, of course, this
00:38:36
model of the economy has led to a lot of
00:38:38
negative consequences for society,
00:38:40
for example, to the degradation of the educational
00:38:43
system at all levels, why do we need
00:38:45
specialists in the production and
00:38:47
development of complex equipment for
00:38:48
civilian use, the same
00:38:51
computers, robots, and so on, if the
00:38:53
country retains the raw material nature of the
00:38:55
economy and knocking out insider rent
00:38:58
allows you to make money even from
00:39:00
unprofitable enterprises oh why do we need
00:39:03
decent development of humanities
00:39:04
specialties
00:39:06
if
00:39:07
the need for such specialists in
00:39:10
the market is in great doubt this is not a way out of the 90s it’s just the
00:39:14
development and transformation of the 90s you need to
00:39:17
understand the system in which you find yourself at
00:39:19
a minimum in order to capture the
00:39:22
absurdity of statements that
00:39:25
Putin has brought something out of chaos somewhere
00:39:28
and, at a maximum, to think through a way out
00:39:31
of this very
00:39:32
system with you there was a channel called Messenger of the Storm
00:39:35
subscribe, put your finger up, press
00:39:37
the bell, write comments, share the
00:39:40
video with think with friends and think critically and
00:39:44
see you again
00:39:46
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Мы уже говорили о гибели советской экономики, о гайдаровских реформах 90-х, теперь же настало время завершить трилогию анализом экономики 00-10-х. Каков он - путинский капитализм, как он сформировался и правда ли, что 70% российской экономики принадлежит государству? Об этом - в новом видео Андрея Рудого. Благодарность Максиму Лебскому за помощь в подготовке материала. P.S. Благодарим подписчиков за поддержку канала. Без вашей поддержки создание данного ролика было бы невозможно. Выход следующих видео также зависит от вас! Номер карты Сбербанка: 2202-2002-1228-2972 WebMoney R870739235208 PayPal [email protected] Поддержка на постоянной основе через Patreon https://www.patreon.com/vestnikburi ====================================== Вестник бури. Сайт: https://vestnikburi.com/ ВК: https://vk.com/vestnikburi FB: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Андрей Рудой. ВК: https://vk.com/rudoy_av Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Twitter: https://twitter.com/RudoyA1 Максим Бон (монтаж видео). ВК: hhttps://vk.com/maximbohn ====================================== Ссылки: Выпуск про реформы Перестройки: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFL4c1hHbnI Выпуск про гайдаровские реформы: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdQlsYo3MQw Важные статьи Максима Лебского по теме: https://vestnikburi.com/levoe-dvizhenie-kak-zerkalo-rossiyskogo-kapitalizma/ https://vestnikburi.com/kak-voznik-rossiyskiy-kapitalizm/ https://vestnikburi.com/gazprom-u-kogo-sbyivayutsya-mechtyi/ Другие важные материалы: Ханин Г.И. Промышленность РФ в 1987-2012 гг.: опыт экономического детектива // Развитие территорий. — 2015. — № 1. Ханин Г.И. Современная российская буржуазия (опыт экономического эскиза) // Terra Economicus. — 2013. — Т. 11, № 1. Лещинский И. Время деиндустриализации https://scepsis.net/library/id_3121.html Лещинский И. Российская промышленность: окончательный диагноз. Записки инженера-технолога https://scepsis.net/library/id_2969.html Дзарасов Р.С., Пирани С. - Что определяет российский капитализм (2012) http://dzarasov.ru/dzarasov-chto-opredelyaet-rossiyskiy-kapitalizm-2012 Видео Олега Комолова: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYCKcApk_W8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrHJmrhTWWA

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