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Лекция 2, Образ человека в культурно-исторической психологии Л.С. Выготского, ч.3, Асмолов А.Г.

Лекция 2, Образ человека в культурно-исторической психологии Л.С. Выготского, ч.3, Асмолов А.Г.

Channel: Факультет психологии МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова

МГУ

Факультет психологии

Психология личности

Асмолов

Personality Psychology (Literature Subject)

MSU

Moscow State University (College/University)

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many trends that will come and

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go may be

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here I proudly put on my clothes and

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would sign as our teacher of this

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country named Lenin who proudly in

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91 signed with such a term

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orthodox in this case I will

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remain in the yoke no matter what happens in

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the yoke this is not

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the past and not even the

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present. Closing the circle of what I

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talked about last hour, we come to

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Vygotsky as an image of the needed

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future. And through Vygotsky we come

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to our present.

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About Vygotsky, the more his figure

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grows

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on a historical scale, the more his

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figure grows in our eyes and this

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seems genuine to me. I don’t undertake to

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convince you or throw around a bunch of

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arguments.

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But it is the phenomenon of playing as a

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person that turns into the phenomenon of playing a

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psychologist. This is also a phenomenon. When

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communicating with many people, you begin

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to demonstrate yourself as a psychologist; this is a

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great serious danger; this is a great

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serious imitator of yours;

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codes I have a certificate of

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neuro-linguistic programming courses I

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now know everything I

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understand everything one of the normal techniques I

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focus on the word technique one of the

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normal tools you can wield

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scissors you can wield a hammer you can

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wield an ax you can wield Neuro-

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linguistic programming is the

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tool we work with but sometimes

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they they get confused with ideology and

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thinking patterns, and here we begin to make

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mistakes, exchanging certain codes with the wrong

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codes, but a person who plays at being a

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person and wants to show that he is

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real and all the time solves the question of where it

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ends to be and where it begins to appear,

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all the time he solves his life problem of

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being or it seems that very

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complex transitions arise here and he

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often turns out to be funny not like the Jester because it’s

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funny Well, I used the term

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ridiculous behavior of the Jester, this is a unique

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behavior that opens up new horizons of

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culture and he is funny in a super banal

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sense, I still remember an example

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from my biography when one girl

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living in some other worlds came to

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one company in this company,

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unfortunately, arrogant

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wives were sitting.

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Unfortunately, among them I was also

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as a dude and it was then T 21 or 22

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and we organized We in 1615 years somehow

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connected then in Moscow there was a phenomenon

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played in Personality it was a breeze

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we somehow differently smo not from the word smo

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or Jack London but were so

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arrogant that they called it smog or

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deciphered the Union of Young Geniuses just did

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n’t start so

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modestly but without taste but without taste

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you begin to understand this

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with Someone

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older than us came to this company. And we

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had pretty

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good

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teachers, or in our group of leaders

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it was Andrei Voznesensky, or Bela

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Akhmadulina, or most of all the

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writer Leonid Zhukhovitsky with whom we

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started serious games and discussed

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some things and naturally we called a

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friend friend by

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name and Andrey Evgeniy

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Leonid and so, having come to this company, she

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really wanted to show that she

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belonged,

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that she was directly included in the union of young people. Anger

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She says But I recently

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re-read Mishka, she said, we didn’t understand

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What we were talking about no one at All our

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digging was not needed after 30-40 Or

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maybe 2 minutes seconds or 2 minutes It

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turned out that she was talking about

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Bulgakov, that is, in other words, she

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wanted to Show that they were also

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her

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friend That he was her success or failure

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this example but we mix codes in

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culture entering certain social

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groups and moving through thicker social

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ru and where the reference group begins

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Where the group of truly

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significant others begins where, in Mead’s words,

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I act as a significant other And where I

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act As a version of the little one, you all

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remember Hoffman and his genius thing

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baby Sakhi, when we find ourselves

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playing at personality,

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always look for that fairy who you remember, she combs his

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hair like this,

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comb the scary creepy creature,

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you saw a smart, charming

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person who spawns and can make

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far-sighted, thoughtful

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decisions, the phenomenon of playing at personality is a special

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phenomenon of the phenomenon of playing at personality is a special

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phenomenon and when we talk today

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about target

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Causality, we are talking about a

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cultural phenomenon. I wouldn’t really like

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you to master this game of personality at the level of a phenomenon,

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and of course I’m taking it to the point of

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absurdity and for someone to say: Well,

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Karl and I recently

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analyzed archetypes like this, I have

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in view of Alexander Romanovich Luri said

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that a psychologist - This is not

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the one who brilliantly knows the

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logarithmic law of Gustav

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Tekht,

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who remembers what the gops did in

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such and such a

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century down to the details. But this is a completely different

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phenomenon; a psychologist is a culture, this is a

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psychological culture and in essence it’s

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mine the dream is that in

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our communication you and I together once again

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say not me separately teaching you not you

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listening to me and also teaching something and

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teaching something

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deeply of the psychological culture

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that comes from cultural-historical

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psychology associated with the names of Vygotsky

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Luri Leontyev Elkonin and

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Halperin, the two formulas with which I

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began can only be comprehended by a person

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through the analysis of the movement of

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blue

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sfr in Why IT this movement leads

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us to a special approach which I will only

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touch upon today and on which I stand and

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cannot do otherwise, which is called historical

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evolutionary approach of

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personality psychology history evolutionary approach of

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personality psychology was

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born how to reflect

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not the motivations but the motives that prompted a

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number of authors to some extent

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through the movement of Igor Semenovich Kon

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and Vadim

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Artu

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directions and I want

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to explain why this approach arises and

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being exactly the same logic why it

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arises answer to this question from the

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historian, the evolutionary approach

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describes the

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system-wide

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principles of

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human evolution in different

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systems, it tries to create a kind of

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axiomatics of

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psychology, out of arrogance, the historian, the

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evolutionary approach of his

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intentions, wants to compete with the

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axiomatics of

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eclides, the axiomatics of

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Lobachevsky, out of arrogance, he wants to

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make sure that psychology is

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not divided into schools managed to

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break through three parallel lines of

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biogenesis, sociogenesis and personneza, and

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we saw the transitions connecting

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them.

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Why the name was born, the historical-

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evolutionary approach, although for many it

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causes

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allergies. That’s

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why for many years in our

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Science, as a

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pov of

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Caesarian evolution, is a question

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of biology. History is a question

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of historical patterns And they said

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so Vygotsky's theory

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ballet theory this is what they were called in the

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thirties Bartlett himself called it theory

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socio-psychological theories And there are

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evolutionary biological theories this is

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another all captives of a wonderful

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researcher whose name is Friedrich

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Engels and his

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phrases I say this seriously and without any

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Irony that with the transition from the kingdom of

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nature to the kingdom of history,

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only historical

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laws of development begin to operate in man; this formula

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had great meaning and was extremely important

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for a certain time, but after that

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completely different

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logics of development began to arise in science and, indeed, in

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culture on the same pole we scolded the

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researchers who called

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behavior the most comfortable

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biologization of personality, of course

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we felt where we are talking about the

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individual and in essence When it comes

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to individual properties about temperament about

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inclinations about the asymmetry of the hemispheres about

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physique all the individual properties

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analyzed in the most detail

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in our schools Boris Mikhailovich Teplov and

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Boris Gerasimovich

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Ananyev

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there, willy-nilly, have to deal with

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patterns that deal with the body in the

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broadest sense of the word with samatics with the

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body and so on with the other. The other line

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is the line of the pole sociologists congestion when

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all the phenomena we said have only a

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historical origin we with you, a

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phenomenon of history, I will repeat that sometimes

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sociologists have a blockage in a number of directions, I

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will repeat this example Although I said it at

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previous lectures it reached the point of paradoxes

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This is an example when a student of Georgy

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Petrovich Shchedrovitsky talked about the fact

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that the brain is like yat

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Nadya m exter pai And after that he

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said and nothing after that even better

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Solved

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problems that is, that here is an example that the

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brain - This is Sorry, but such an absolutely

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unnecessary detail of our behavior is purely

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human He is

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all an existential impulse, a creative

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impulse, and so on And what about some kind of

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biology before some kind of biology there’s

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simply nothing to do with it,

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one of

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the researchers who is always

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competing and whom you know little

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in the good sense of the word

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compete

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Lev Markovich

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century created a unique psychological

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system about which we know from the three volumes of

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mental processes published in

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Leningrad. At one

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time, his approach to psychology

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was completely implementation of the information paradigm

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And for him the only reality Was

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and remains information and ways of

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processing it You know that you can criticize

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very many authors You can criticize

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in different ways But only a few in psychology

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have reached the point of creating serious obsi systems in

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the century, as if to explain their concept,

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few can argue with this

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researcher and now he continues

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to work at the

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University of Washington, he is more than 70 years old and his

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work is very popular

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in Bell compy Well, the famous telephone

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company for computer research

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has its truth and its full right to

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exist

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in all these

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years there have been only two controversial

00:16:35

approaches at least At least on Russian

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territory this is Kera’s approach,

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the information approach and the activity

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approach of Alexei Nikolaevich Leontiev or the

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school of general psychological theory of

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activity when

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Gra said that it should be emphasized that in the

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space of the Soviet Union there was

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another approach that also created a general

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psychological theory of personality, nothing

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about Fred made a reservation about a general psychological

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theory it is the personality that is most broadly the general

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psychological theory of

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the attitude, this is the approach of Dmitry

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Nikolaevich Georgia

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with less it is both painful and sad very

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often we joked we survived with our

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unconscious because the

00:17:36

Caucasus Mountains saved us from Pavlov and through the

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Caucasus Mountains we could not break through to

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Tbilis the idea of a conditioned

00:17:49

reflex is a joke but in every

00:17:54

joke there is a

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unique paradigm was the paradigm of

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attitude without which there is no approach to

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personality

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created by Dmitry Nikolaevich mu who

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was a prominent supporter of target

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Causality, he came up with and always said

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that attitude is the embryo of future

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behavior, here is the formula that is,

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as it were, given inside the core all the diagrams of

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what will happen to you When you start

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walking through this reality, it was

00:18:38

an idea to find out expressed by him in a

00:18:42

work that was not translated into Russian. It was

00:18:44

published only in Georgian, the work

00:18:47

was called imperial sonali, and this work was

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published in

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192, everyone

00:18:57

had their own ancestors. ancestor I mean

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in the scientific sense of

00:19:02

the word I have already told you that Psychology

00:19:05

is a science not of mothers but of

00:19:08

fathers, that’s

00:19:09

the tone of the father, then Benga, then Frey, he knew

00:19:14

his dad. So his scientific father was

00:19:18

Henri

00:19:19

Berson and, in fact,

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everything is like this What’s interesting today is not the back of

00:19:28

German philosophy, which came to us

00:19:31

through Marx and Rubenstein and Leontiev, but the

00:19:35

power of French philosophy. This is a different

00:19:39

philosophy; the philosophy is completely

00:19:43

classical; the philosophy of

00:19:46

Henri Bergson is not suitable; then it was baptized later than

00:19:50

the philosophy of

00:20:01

Sartre; Having learned that having written a dissertation

00:20:05

dedicated to Bern, somewhere in

00:20:08

9141, I completely took the idea of Alam

00:20:12

Vital, the creative impulse that any

00:20:16

evolution does not begin according to Darwin and is not

00:20:21

reduced to stochastic chains. Do not reduce the creative

00:20:30

impulse to random patterns, and in the beginning this

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creative impulse, a creative,

00:20:36

purposeful impulse determines the

00:20:39

development of the world on this planet, this idea of a

00:20:44

creative impulse was borrowed by Dmitry

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Nikolaevich,

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learned from the brilliant

00:20:57

RA work called creative

00:21:01

evolution, recently the collected works of

00:21:05

Bergson of this terry idealist, as

00:21:08

we used to lovingly call him, were re-published and

00:21:12

you can communicate with this

00:21:15

thinker, it was in the ideas of X Uznadze that the

00:21:18

idea of the unconscious and the idea of purpose broke through

00:21:22

installations influencing

00:21:26

human behavior in this way

00:21:30

in the seventies we had three

00:21:33

explanations of behavior three explanations in

00:21:36

psychology in the broad sense of the word

00:21:39

information

00:21:42

age

00:21:43

activity Leontiev I emphasize

00:21:46

Leontiev and not

00:21:49

Vygotsky pure

00:21:57

activity Tom explanation of behavior from the

00:22:02

established what happened The following turned out

00:22:07

we were so carried away in the

00:22:10

activity

00:22:13

approach by topics that we live in the kingdom of

00:22:17

nature. Forgive me.

00:22:20

I’m going to go again. I would like them to

00:22:25

live both here and there. That’s why I said

00:22:29

that the kingdom of nature in relation to

00:22:33

man was, in general, a little

00:22:37

forgotten, and although Leontiev’s brilliant work is

00:22:40

the evolution of the psyche and the problem development of the

00:22:43

psyche speaks about the evolution of the psyche in the

00:22:46

living world, but God forbid we were

00:22:50

told how to

00:22:52

the students of the project

00:22:56

at higher levels.

00:23:00

Forgive me, some lower

00:23:03

biological explanations, that is, we were

00:23:06

very afraid of

00:23:09

biological

00:23:10

reductionism; there were serious

00:23:14

reasons for this; the first of these

00:23:18

reasons was that

00:23:22

that biology

00:23:26

is an explanation for the brain and it was called

00:23:29

physiological

00:23:30

reductionism, that any manifestations of

00:23:33

human behavior can be deduced from the

00:23:36

brain, this is nonsense, I told you about it

00:23:39

and showed you, but don’t think that this is

00:23:42

the past to this day. Many people think that

00:23:45

it is worth digging under the skull of each of you to

00:23:56

implant

00:23:59

electrodes then, in general, a

00:24:03

special psychological engineering was born

00:24:06

and the Dream that it would be possible,

00:24:10

like the fantastic Romanov Revive for us, this

00:24:14

or that

00:24:15

electrode in the center of

00:24:17

pleasure in the father or the

00:24:22

center of fear of

00:24:25

pain to completely control ours

00:24:28

and indeed the method of living electrodes

00:24:31

has the right to exist in the

00:24:33

study of animals has a whole range

00:24:38

important consequences and the wonderful

00:24:43

Spanish psychophysiologist José del Gada

00:24:47

whose work you will touch in one way or another

00:24:51

will touch You will

00:24:59

influence the behavior of

00:25:01

animals even at a distance through electrodes implanted in the brain.

00:25:06

I smile because

00:25:09

in psychology it is still difficult to get away from national

00:25:13

specifics and Hase Delgado decided to prove

00:25:16

that it was possible to act this way in a purely

00:25:19

Spanish way, he implanted electrodes

00:25:23

into the bull and

00:25:25

arranged for Kari,

00:25:28

he came out but not with a sword in his hands, but

00:25:32

he had a small sensor and the Bull then

00:25:35

rushed at him, then like a kitten crawled

00:25:40

up to him and delgado

00:25:44

without a raincoat almost - in Spanish

00:25:51

he proved what

00:25:53

Shchedrovitsky’s students always oppose, that the brain

00:25:55

exists and influences our behavior.

00:25:59

But it’s one

00:26:00

thing to find all these mechanisms, and another thing

00:26:04

to reduce the psyche to these

00:26:06

mechanisms. Who today in our

00:26:10

country most

00:26:12

firmly stands on the position of

00:26:15

physiological reductionism? So

00:26:18

without

00:26:19

calling it I would named first of

00:26:26

all in

00:26:32

St. Petersburg, Natalya Bekhtereva is still convinced

00:26:34

that she can find any codes of

00:26:38

our behavior in the neuron model and

00:26:42

moves according to the formula The

00:26:46

further into the Neuron, the closer to the

00:26:49

personality

00:26:56

hiccups,

00:26:58

but when I hear the words mental

00:27:01

activity of the brain, I feel like a condovo

00:27:05

Ganina Ilion throws me into trembling because the

00:27:10

brain is the

00:27:14

organ through which

00:27:16

mental activity is realized, but it doesn’t seem possible to derive

00:27:19

mental activity from the brain.

00:27:31

Kon should also mention the journey of

00:27:34

one wonderful

00:27:45

neurophysiologist, he is trying to deduce

00:27:49

our

00:27:56

behavior

00:27:58

after the fact that there is a left-hemisphere

00:28:01

person and a right-hemisphere person, this is

00:28:05

all one company in good in the sense of

00:28:11

Bekhterev's word, those

00:28:14

works that are devoted to the left

00:28:17

hemisphere, sometimes these works

00:28:19

are picked up even by culturologists such

00:28:22

as Vyacheslav Ivanov, who writes a book, and

00:28:25

so on and so on, and then

00:28:29

we begin to talk in one hemisphere,

00:28:31

we have

00:28:32

emotions in the other, logic and And I think And what are

00:28:38

we Then we differ from Poor Descartes,

00:28:41

who deduced everything from the pineal

00:28:44

gland, or from Hippocrates, who distinguished

00:28:48

types of temperament by the movement of fluid,

00:28:52

everything is the same, only each time has

00:28:55

its own songs, and today, when it begins

00:28:59

to be understood that even unique experiments in

00:29:02

dismembering

00:29:03

the commissure separating the hemispheres do not

00:29:06

lead to the fact that they work how

00:29:09

individual

00:29:13

structures show all the absurdity of

00:29:16

such a division, but so that you especially

00:29:20

feel how far the

00:29:23

thought of a person in love with

00:29:25

physiological reductionism can move.

00:29:28

I will cite the real statements of one of

00:29:31

our

00:29:33

biophysicists, Efim Lieberman, literally

00:29:37

a few years

00:29:39

ago, he treated psychologists in the good

00:29:43

sense of the word as idiots because of what they

00:29:46

do they don’t understand where

00:29:49

to look and what to look for, he said, well, you haven’t been

00:29:53

around

00:29:56

for a long time,

00:29:59

because the question is about the relationship between the psyche and the

00:30:02

brain - This is a question about the localization of the soul.

00:30:05

Where is the soul located in what space

00:30:09

does the soul exist in what space

00:30:12

does the personality exist and we are tormented looking for A

00:30:16

My colleague biophysicist found he said I'm

00:30:20

calling you to admit my

00:30:23

colossal mistakes I used to say all the time

00:30:29

that the soul is in the neuron, this is

00:30:33

wrong, I sighed joyfully and said

00:30:37

Well, but he didn’t let me continue my

00:30:40

euphoria and my emotions, he said it’s in

00:30:44

the membrane, that is, after that I, and only

00:30:50

through membrane

00:30:56

changes, want you to feel all the passion of

00:31:00

these searches, he called me at 2 am,

00:31:03

that

00:31:05

is, he made

00:31:11

a discovery

00:31:13

and for a very long time we simply

00:31:17

rejected all this physiological

00:31:20

reductionism and looked at these

00:31:23

researchers as

00:31:28

absolutely people with us not related

00:31:31

especially in this regard, it was difficult for

00:31:34

Alexander Romanovich Luria, who

00:31:36

created

00:31:38

neuropsychology, the science of mechanisms

00:31:41

that implement higher mental functions, and

00:31:45

his brilliant book, higher cortical

00:31:47

functions, is a real classic of

00:31:51

our century, and just like his two-volume book,

00:31:54

brain and psyche, in other words, both of these

00:31:59

works, brain and the psyche and higher

00:32:02

cortical functions clearly showed

00:32:05

that the psychologist, when

00:32:07

studying the psyche, moves not in the

00:32:11

direction from physiology to psychology, but

00:32:15

goes along the path of Vygotsky, we don’t need

00:32:18

said Vygotsky,

00:32:20

physiological

00:32:21

psychology, we need psychological

00:32:26

physiology, the logic is not psychophysiology, I do

00:32:29

n’t even want to take this term, but

00:32:31

psychological physiology in order to understand the

00:32:34

real

00:32:36

substrates of behavior, precisely as mechanisms,

00:32:40

Luria was looking for and a number of his followers are

00:32:43

still following this path. So

00:32:46

physiological

00:32:48

reductionism, with all its

00:32:51

criticism of

00:32:56

showing

00:33:01

brain Nivs,

00:33:03

we often find ourselves helpless in

00:33:06

analyzing behavior, but again, what about

00:33:10

the Personality and how to approach it move on and

00:33:14

here another trap begins,

00:33:17

arising from the approach that on the one

00:33:19

hand the kingdom of nature and on the other the Rhone

00:33:23

kingdom of

00:33:25

leaves

00:33:27

is the division into biological and

00:33:30

social, the whole logic of the division into

00:33:33

biological and social and their

00:33:38

opposition had different

00:33:42

projections social and genetic

00:33:44

social and biological or it

00:33:48

sometimes I accepted the following question:

00:33:51

animal and social in man I’m

00:33:54

just talking about different things

00:33:59

and where is the animal in Man where is

00:34:02

social sometimes we followed up by saying

00:34:05

higher mental and lower natural

00:34:08

natural

00:34:10

mental, that is, we found ourselves

00:34:14

crammed into the kingdom of the biological,

00:34:17

the kingdom of imaginary dichotomies,

00:34:25

biology of the

00:34:28

centuries question about the biological and

00:34:31

social is not solved, which means that the

00:34:33

problem itself is posed

00:34:36

incorrectly; the historian, the evolutionary

00:34:40

approach, speaks about other

00:34:44

things; he, following a number of authors,

00:34:49

says: You are wrong. When you claim

00:34:53

that with the advent of the kingdom of history, the

00:35:00

biological laws ended, they stopped, they did not stop,

00:35:05

they changed, they

00:35:08

transformed, they have become different I

00:35:11

always give the same

00:35:14

example, I borrowed it from Lev

00:35:17

Markovich of

00:35:18

the wind, he liked to give the following

00:35:21

example: you see a plane that

00:35:25

takes off into the sky

00:35:28

and after Lukav

00:35:30

asked whether the plane taking off into

00:35:33

the sky cancels the laws of gravity, think

00:35:37

about the accuracy of the formulation of this question, you

00:35:41

see

00:35:42

a person taking off into the world of history, does it

00:35:46

cancel with us we still need to see if

00:35:49

this is a take-off, well, that’s another question, but does our

00:35:53

take-off and transition

00:35:57

into the world of history into the world of society, in essence, cancel the laws

00:36:03

of evolution and Here the two

00:36:08

conflict begins when we disintegrate on the

00:36:17

biologization of a real understanding of

00:36:19

behavior of a person or one or the other

00:36:23

really. I pose the question in a completely

00:36:25

different way:

00:36:29

what systemic patterns

00:36:32

determine

00:36:34

human behavior in the course of history?

00:37:01

I said and repeat that

00:37:04

Darwin’s theory represents an

00:37:06

interesting

00:37:08

mechanism for a probabilistic stochastic

00:37:11

understanding of evolution, which always argues

00:37:15

with the creationist hypothesis of evolution; stochastic

00:37:21

behavior is derived from random combinations from

00:37:25

probabilistic combinations; the creationist

00:37:28

says that we always need a hypothesis of a

00:37:31

creator who, in the act of creation, creates certain

00:37:35

new species; these two hypotheses in the

00:37:39

evolutionary approach, with all their

00:37:42

differences, one way or another they are always

00:37:44

found in models for explaining

00:37:47

behavior. We talked a lot about

00:37:55

Darno. Once again, I’ll remind you of what I already said about

00:37:59

another person who is

00:38:03

much closer to psychologists and who fought in the

00:38:06

territory of evolution. And we abandoned him and

00:38:09

left him.

00:38:10

alone there was an old man shy as a

00:38:13

boy A clumsy timid patriarch who is a

00:38:18

swordsman for the honor of nature Well, of course, the

00:38:22

fiery Lamarck wrote Osip Emilievich

00:38:25

Mandelstam

00:38:30

Lamarck and

00:38:32

Darwin their

00:38:34

opposition is extremely important for us to understand

00:38:38

evolution If Lamarck all the time

00:38:41

emphasized that environmental processes Let it be

00:38:46

difficult that the way of life influences the

00:38:49

evolutionary and even hereditary

00:38:55

logic is completely different Well-

00:38:58

known explanations of nature we

00:39:02

threw out

00:39:03

Lamarck's old formula that we are together with

00:39:07

hot water Sorry, I spoke with hot

00:39:10

and dirty water, we threw out a child here it is

00:39:13

completely

00:39:15

valid The most powerful work on

00:39:18

evolution today is

00:39:21

Dein

00:39:25

ra

00:39:27

movements using the example of the evolution of movements and

00:39:30

their construction, Bernstein gave birth to the following

00:39:34

formula, the task gives birth to an

00:39:37

organ. Few people understand this; the task

00:39:41

gives birth to an organ; in nature, a

00:39:46

certain class of unforeseen

00:39:50

unpredictable tasks always arises, and under these tasks

00:39:54

there is an evolutionary process,

00:39:57

another researcher whom you

00:39:59

know well, Alexey Nikolaevich Kev, without touching

00:40:03

Darwin and leaving Darwin

00:40:05

to evolve according to

00:40:08

Darwin stated the following

00:40:12

things: the psyche cannot be

00:40:15

born in a stationary environment in a

00:40:19

stationary environment, the psyche was simply

00:40:22

not needed and posed the question for this

00:40:28

very question:

00:40:30

the need for the emergence of the

00:40:33

psyche. Answering this question, He

00:40:36

offers us an imaginary situation,

00:40:39

let’s say you live in an environment Where you should

00:40:42

open mouth and fried hazel grouse will fall into your mouth Would there be a

00:40:46

need for a psyche in this environment

00:41:00

then

00:41:02

please, but to want when there is

00:41:06

a need and everything comes down to need the need

00:41:11

arose everything comes

00:41:14

from here the psyche arises where there is a

00:41:17

barrier

00:41:19

situation hika arises

00:41:25

in our

00:41:27

psyche there would be no second psyche

00:41:30

arises when there is

00:41:34

activity that

00:41:37

leads through orientation to

00:41:39

overcoming this barrier. I retold

00:41:42

to you well-known formulas from problems of

00:41:46

mental development, but in a slightly different

00:41:49

context, then the same

00:41:53

NV shows different stages of mental development,

00:41:57

builds diagrams of

00:42:00

mental development and at the same time mentions

00:42:04

one Magnificent author which we

00:42:08

read little the name of this author

00:42:12

Severtsev Severtsev offers a book the very

00:42:16

name of

00:42:17

which was later forgotten due to the fact that

00:42:22

we have code

00:42:25

materialists

00:42:27

SRM Now we can say this with

00:42:30

accuracy the book was called the psyche as a

00:42:34

factor of

00:42:36

evolution But now we have reached the

00:42:40

essence of the matter When I say that we live in an

00:42:44

era of psychosis, today more than ever we declare that

00:42:48

today it is the

00:42:49

psyche that is a factor in evolution. So

00:42:53

I will never give evolution the fact

00:42:59

that

00:43:02

today we are building broader systemic in the

00:43:07

Bernstein understanding in the understanding of

00:43:10

Vernadsky

00:43:12

models of understanding evolution and in these

00:43:16

models we we find the most general

00:43:19

invariant system-wide

00:43:21

patterns that operate for

00:43:24

any living systems and in these

00:43:27

patterns we will not give up nature

00:43:30

to anyone and must

00:43:33

understand how systems develop and how a

00:43:37

person develops in these systems.

00:43:39

Hence the name historical-evolutionary

00:43:44

behind this name

00:43:46

the claim is a blatant

00:43:48

claim to propose a different theory of

00:43:51

evolution that takes into account human life in

00:43:55

the world of history

00:43:56

but not

00:44:00

serving the world

00:44:07

of nature it is very difficult to talk about these things

00:44:10

as much as possible in the first

00:44:13

version the approaches to these things were

00:44:16

precisely outlined in the book psychology of personality.

00:44:19

I’m explaining once again today why this

00:44:22

was done for

00:44:25

them

00:44:28

phenomenology was very difficult That’s

00:44:31

why Because it seemed that these

00:44:34

works on the historical-evolutionary approach

00:44:37

went against

00:44:38

Leontiev and especially against

00:44:41

Galperin. Well, and against Davydov and others,

00:44:45

moreover, when the historical-evolutionary theory began to be laid down, the

00:44:51

personal one was

00:44:54

accused of being a biologist; as soon as you

00:44:58

tell you evolution, you are no longer a

00:45:01

Marxist; evolution is active in the world

00:45:04

understanding

00:45:08

of personality, nevertheless, I move on to those

00:45:12

patterns that

00:45:15

appear in the course of evolution, I list them

00:45:19

and I will talk about them in detail

00:45:21

next time, these patterns are the

00:45:24

following

00:45:28

now I say them at the level of naming

00:45:31

or even at the level of

00:45:34

name-calling, unlike Darwin, the entire

00:45:38

theory of development of the Sun is reduced to to

00:45:42

conflict to struggle to

00:45:45

antagonism to the formula that was given to us

00:45:48

for understanding Darwin by the famous philosopher

00:45:51

Popper and which sounds like survivors survive,

00:45:54

Darwin’s entire theory proves

00:45:58

that survivors survive it sounds

00:46:00

paradoxical, but it is so in the struggle of species

00:46:05

for

00:46:06

existence, one species

00:46:10

successfully leads to the disappearance of

00:46:12

another and

00:46:14

so

00:46:17

moves

00:46:19

evolution, in fact, when I say this, it

00:46:23

becomes a little

00:46:24

scary,

00:46:27

this is also true according to

00:46:29

Darwin, one species of another has finished

00:46:33

ahead

00:46:35

and understand that I’m a bit of a joker, but

00:46:39

so that you understand the meaning of some

00:46:42

paradoxical things and the ethical

00:46:44

consequences of evolution, I’m not even talking about

00:46:46

Malthus’s theory,

00:46:49

but I’m talking about that there is an old formula Is it

00:46:53

worth building your happiness

00:46:56

on the misfortune of

00:47:00

others some kind of unethical theory of

00:47:04

evolution

00:47:11

you know that there is no need to just draw

00:47:15

conclusions that my life goal is to show

00:47:19

that the man who traveled on a

00:47:22

ship around his own land would be wrong Darwin is a

00:47:26

brilliant theory Darwin's theory

00:47:29

is One of the most striking systemic

00:47:33

concepts of understanding the world, at the same time,

00:47:36

each theory at a certain stage

00:47:39

turns into a particular, we are not

00:47:41

discarding Darwin, but we say that the

00:47:44

proposed mechanisms are only

00:47:47

partial mechanisms of a broader picture. That

00:47:50

is, this is not killing or discarding, but

00:47:54

finding Darwin’s

00:47:57

concept given more in a broader,

00:48:02

more systemic

00:48:07

context, when we do not criticize but look for

00:48:12

patterns, in

00:48:13

reality, in line with one or another strong

00:48:16

concept, there are always those who

00:48:24

finally

00:48:26

limit the boundaries in the context of evolutionary

00:48:28

concepts, the most prominent follower of

00:48:31

Darwin began to undermine Darwin’s theory,

00:48:35

it is normal for a follower

00:48:37

to undermine the theory of

00:48:39

this

00:48:43

follower’s teacher’s surname is Schmalhausen,

00:48:48

he is famous Shmalhausen famous Ivan

00:48:52

Ivano Shmalhausen

00:48:54

famous

00:48:56

Soviet scientist he wrote books

00:49:00

the organism as

00:49:01

a whole and in his works said that

00:49:05

instead of

00:49:07

emini

00:49:08

selection, selection that

00:49:11

destroys, a stabilizing

00:49:14

selection acts after Schmalhausen after many

00:49:19

years later many up to its

00:49:27

feet in its brightness very bright

00:49:31

anthropologist Valery Alekseev his to

00:49:33

unfortunately no, he died a few years

00:49:35

ago, he is the author of books, man of evolution,

00:49:39

taxonomy, and he began to develop a

00:49:41

direction which, unlike

00:49:45

traditional anthropologists, he suddenly gave his name to

00:49:48

historical

00:49:51

anthropology, not to be confused with cultural

00:49:53

anthropologists Lero, different things in this

00:49:59

direction,

00:50:00

he began to ask strange questions and, in

00:50:06

fact, move towards completely different

00:50:09

patterns of the evolutionary approach,

00:50:12

the first of these patterns is the following:

00:50:16

The

00:50:21

higher the system is developed, the greater its

00:50:24

variability,

00:50:26

the greater the variability of the elements included in it.

00:50:30

I have already spoken about this principle;

00:50:34

this principle also passes through the

00:50:38

works of the shmal GAUZ in some world through the

00:50:42

works of brilliant

00:50:54

biopsychology crumpled Next time

00:50:57

I will talk in more detail, now

00:50:58

only the general picture that instead of

00:51:04

Darwinian support for variability,

00:51:07

for support of variation, that in human

00:51:13

history there are not emini random signs, but

00:51:18

they

00:51:19

are supported, they are not

00:51:22

extinguished, that a person is a belly

00:51:26

who conquered the whole

00:51:27

Aika And for him there is always for any

00:51:32

deviation there is a place for

00:51:35

this, think about it, in essence, there is a selection

00:51:40

to support what is not typical, but to support the

00:51:46

individual, to support what is special

00:51:49

in each of us, it’s terribly difficult to understand,

00:51:53

but

00:51:56

this is happening, a picture that

00:52:00

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Vada proposed so that

00:52:03

this principle of progress can be understood, I still have it

00:52:06

I’m telling you once, maybe I mentioned

00:52:09

this curve, let’s call it this

00:52:13

line, the line of typical

00:52:16

behavior. When in the line of typical

00:52:19

behavior, the

00:52:24

belly

00:52:26

in the genotype. Clearly, there is not a

00:52:31

single one if the BC were only genotypes.

00:52:34

All lines of behavior would be completely

00:52:36

similar to each other. Wagner shows

00:52:40

in the

00:52:41

simplest there is such a curve,

00:52:45

minimal deviations towards

00:52:54

individual to primitivism

00:52:57

shoes or two amoebas, they have variations from

00:53:02

typical lines,

00:53:05

well, super minimal after in

00:53:11

fish it

00:53:13

grows. It is clear

00:53:17

after in birds even more I say that I do

00:53:21

n’t know how to draw in humans then I’ll

00:53:23

bring

00:53:24

you

00:53:27

the truth there was more one curve I like

00:53:31

anti-racism

00:53:37

and others In general, the approaches that he

00:53:40

drew like this He tried to write For

00:53:44

Africans, such deviations are all clear,

00:53:47

but how did they get to Europe, well,

00:53:54

Europe, yes, between birds, absolutely

00:53:58

from birds to from amoeba to Europe, then

00:54:02

this is the logic of amoeba to Europe and somewhere

00:54:05

here is a poor kaffir with something like this.

00:54:10

I’m not saying that

00:54:13

Vladimir Sanovich

00:54:15

Wagner was right in everything, but this is

00:54:19

a pattern, it exists and from here a

00:54:22

systemic pattern stands out,

00:54:25

and now I’m no longer from the amoeba to Europe, but I’m

00:54:29

saying the following: it operates everywhere it

00:54:33

operates in biological

00:54:35

communities and Progress is an increase in

00:54:39

variability and the more complex

00:54:43

the system, the more it provides the opportunity

00:54:47

for

00:54:48

individuality, the more highly developed it is,

00:54:52

the more it is.

00:55:06

cultures

00:55:10

of dignity in cultures of utility

00:55:12

homeostatic cultures striving for

00:55:16

balance everything works in the same way

00:55:24

about the

00:55:27

chapters And if we speak in the language of some

00:55:30

authors What is the culture of

00:55:32

utility called a totalitarian

00:55:35

culture in a totalitarian

00:55:39

culture A step to the side is regarded as an

00:55:43

escape in a totalitarian

00:55:47

culture the right to

00:55:50

individuality is always Taboo is

00:55:53

always under control one or another

00:55:56

prohibition is always Taboo and when we

00:56:01

talk today about this incomprehensible strange

00:56:05

frightening concept

00:56:08

Progress Let's

00:56:11

think about what is the evolutionary meaning of

00:56:15

progress what is the evolutionary and not purely

00:56:19

ethical criterion for assessing the development of

00:56:22

different

00:56:23

cultures, raising

00:56:26

these questions, raising these

00:56:30

questions, how are you? Great for me they said

00:56:33

from the amoeba to

00:56:36

Europe And now I’ll say it differently from

00:56:40

Stalin to the

00:56:43

doorman from Stalin from Hitler to the

00:56:53

cramp

00:56:56

from Viktor Frankl to Eduard

00:57:01

Limonov that is, one way or another, here

00:57:04

we have a completely special

00:57:09

reality. God forgive me

00:57:12

for what is in one sentence

00:57:15

meet Victor Franco Eduard Limonov

00:57:23

foreign

00:57:25

cultures

00:57:26

dignity any nationalist

00:57:31

culture is a culture striving for

00:57:35

typical

00:57:40

behavior any

00:57:43

culture that says that everything

00:57:46

is determined by one goal

00:57:50

setting this

00:57:53

culture

00:57:55

strives to extinguish

00:58:00

diversity somewhere on Tuesday or

00:58:04

Wednesday, maybe our blue screen will

00:58:08

show a program called

00:58:11

press club you know they sometimes go on

00:58:14

television these programs in this program

00:58:16

I lost it they discussed

00:58:20

the issue of fulfilling the president’s instructions

00:58:25

to create a national Russian

00:58:30

idea Well, how to create it Boris Nikolayevich in

00:58:34

June instructed the ideologist of Russia to

00:58:37

develop a national idea, we have no

00:58:39

ideas we

00:58:41

must do it

00:58:44

and sometimes psychologists

00:58:47

break down from fatigue there

00:58:53

was Noah wearing a shirt in a black suit, but you

00:58:58

remember where the uniform of the

00:58:59

Black Shirts comes from, this is not Hitler’s

00:59:02

uniform, this is the

00:59:04

Uniform of Mussolini, who was

00:59:07

really the ideologist of fascism and Hitler

00:59:12

plagiarized it a little and came from psychologists, sometimes

00:59:16

it’s strange

00:59:24

to do

00:59:25

one idea for culture like this our

00:59:30

psychologists call me affectionately Looking at

00:59:33

Eduard Limonov, he said that we

00:59:36

call it your national idea

00:59:39

with a certain term, he just as

00:59:41

affectionately promised to talk to me later

00:59:45

in a slightly different

00:59:48

context of

00:59:50

the dream, they are called

00:59:53

those, one of these terms comes from my

00:59:58

psychiatrist colleagues and is called idefix

01:00:02

and finally, you are absolutely right on this I

01:00:05

end with the idea of monoculture - it is

01:00:09

always a manic idea. And if today we are

01:00:24

called unique ideas and it

01:00:28

doesn’t matter to me in this case, a democratic

01:00:31

unique

01:00:33

idea, a nationalist unique idea,

01:00:37

if someone

01:00:41

tells me, it will always

01:00:43

stand behind it What is the formula if there is only one

01:00:47

idea, you all know it well, you

01:00:51

are going the right way, comrades, that’s all for today,

01:01:18

yes

Description:

Курс лекций по психологи личности, прочитанный на факультете психологии МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова доктором психологических наук, профессором, Асмоловым Александром Григорьевичем

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