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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:07
not00:00:15
when we are dealing with a text that00:00:20
claims to be ancient, you should always00:00:23
proceed from some presumption of00:00:27
innocence of the source, we should believe00:00:31
the text until it is proven00:00:34
that it is forged00:00:36
in this sense, not any considerations such as that00:00:40
it is probably forged because for00:00:45
example it was it is advantageous to create this or00:00:48
that text in that food new time00:00:51
forge the text should not be taken into00:00:54
account or should play a00:00:56
secondary role let's look at the00:00:58
fate of00:00:59
such an outstanding literary00:01:02
monument as the word about Igor's campaign, it00:01:05
would seem that the circumstances of its appearance00:01:10
should initially00:01:12
arouse in us suspicion of the very in fact,00:01:15
the monument existed in a single00:01:17
manuscript,00:01:18
this manuscript mysteriously disappeared,00:01:20
all this was lost on the conscience of one man,00:01:23
Musin-Pushkin, while it was precisely in this00:01:27
era that a large number of romantic forgeries appeared in Europe, like00:01:33
some Asian Mikshesonsky,00:01:36
which expose the00:01:40
antiquity of this or that people In this00:01:44
sense, the skepticism of many00:01:47
generations of researchers who argued that the word about00:01:49
Igor’s Campaign00:01:50
is a fake in general00:01:54
had00:01:56
some basis until recently in fact, well, what kind of00:02:00
work is this that00:02:02
sticks out all00:02:03
alone without any00:02:05
genre similarities within ancient Russian00:02:09
literature, of course, the situation with the authenticity or00:02:13
falsification of the word about Igor's regiment00:02:14
Daga worsened many times due to the fact that00:02:19
this work was recognized as the00:02:22
greatest masterpiece of ancient Russian00:02:25
literature, that after this, especially within the00:02:27
framework of Soviet literary criticism,00:02:30
any doubts were interpreted as a lack of00:02:33
patriotism, and moreover, when an outstanding00:02:38
historian in ancient Russia,00:02:42
Alexander Semin wrote a book where00:02:45
he substantiated the falsification of the word about00:02:47
Igor's campaign with various considerations and scientific ones,00:02:50
he was subjected to polishing the book,00:02:52
the vibe was not published, he himself was00:02:55
subjected to the study of the most00:02:56
disgusting properties, thereby00:03:00
discussing the authenticity or non-authenticity of00:03:02
the word about Igor's campaign00:03:03
came to a dead end because everyone the person00:03:05
who said that this work was00:03:07
genuine00:03:08
seemed to be playing into the hands of the communist00:03:11
government and vice versa, as if a form of doubt00:03:14
was a form of00:03:15
dissidence in this situation, no00:03:18
calm analysis of the text was possible,00:03:21
all seemingly all possible00:03:24
arguments for and against dust in this00:03:26
controversy, which lasted more than a hundred years00:03:29
were exhausted and00:03:32
one could assume that this issue00:03:35
would remain forever unresolved and00:03:37
forever it would be possible to adhere to one00:03:40
point of view or another; fortunately, this turned00:03:42
out not to be the case; it00:03:43
turned out that new00:03:45
circumstances appeared that made it possible00:03:47
to resolve the problem of authenticity of the word about00:03:50
Igor’s campaign once and for all, the honor of this00:03:53
belongs our outstanding linguist00:03:56
Andrei Anatolyevich Zaliznyak, a specialist in the language of00:03:59
birch bark letters, who in 200400:04:01
published a large book where an00:04:03
incredibly elegant and absolutely convincing00:04:06
demonstration was made that in order to00:04:09
falsify the text of the word about a regiment and a00:04:11
mountain, the alleged forger00:04:14
had to know the language of birch bark letters,00:04:16
which by that time still were not00:04:18
dug00:04:19
out of the ground on dozens of examples of slime00:04:22
demonstrate the similarity of linguistic00:04:24
linguistic forms that are found00:04:27
in the word and that are found in00:04:30
Novgorod birch bark letters,00:04:32
this is the case when it is brilliantly00:04:35
proven that any considerations of a00:04:36
general nature about the fact that the manuscript did not00:04:39
reach the fact that it was one the fact00:04:41
that there was a fire in Moscow or Pushkin was not trained,00:04:43
could be a falsifier or00:04:48
simply a hoaxer, or she herself could be00:04:52
misled by someone, all these00:04:54
considerations disappear, they fade into the00:04:56
background, yes, it all looks strange, it00:04:59
was exactly like that, there really was a00:05:01
single manuscript, it was authentic a00:05:03
real ancient Russian manuscript and it00:05:04
burned down00:05:05
father is nevertheless completely genuine and00:05:08
now we can be00:05:09
completely sure of this the opposite00:05:12
case00:05:13
is the so-called in the forest his book is a text00:05:18
that still causes an00:05:20
extremely unhealthy stir among many00:05:23
lovers of Russian antiquity the text00:05:26
was first published in to00:05:30
San Francisco immigrants in the Firebird magazine in the00:05:33
mid-1950s,00:05:36
this publication was carried out by the emigrant00:05:40
poet and lover of Slavic antiquities00:05:43
Yuri Miroliubov with his words,00:05:48
this text was copied from wooden tablets00:05:51
that were shown to him in Brussels by00:05:55
another Russian emigrant olive and back00:05:58
who according to him is a real00:06:01
person we know his biography was an00:06:03
artist quite a famous artist and in00:06:07
Russia in exile he according to and according to00:06:10
Mirolyubov is in back told him00:06:15
that during the civil war in one00:06:17
ruined noble estate he found a00:06:20
whole huge set of wooden00:06:24
tablets with inscriptions that the pope brought with00:06:28
him into emigration, he allowed00:06:31
Mirolyubov to rewrite these texts for00:06:34
love, he rewrote them in the forty-first year and00:06:37
Sambek died;00:06:39
the fate of these tablets is not00:06:41
known; therefore, all that we have00:06:43
left is the manuscript of Yuri Mirolyubov,00:06:46
the publication of these texts caused the00:06:48
incredible rise of excitement before us00:06:51
was the pagan literature of ancient00:06:56
Russia,00:06:57
texts allegedly written down by the00:07:00
priests of the pagan cult in the 9th century00:07:03
AD 100 years before the baptism of Russia and00:07:07
telling about the history of the Slavs from the00:07:09
second millennium BC,00:07:11
if we believe this in the fox book, then the00:07:14
Slavs00:07:15
came out from India they passed through the Middle00:07:20
East and before they got to the Carpathians00:07:25
before they ended up in their current00:07:26
places of settlement, the text contains00:07:31
numerous bugs, including the00:07:34
action of the gods00:07:36
in the sides of the Slavic pantheon, known to00:07:39
us from other texts, and so on,00:07:43
it tells about outstanding commanders00:07:46
in great princes, princes, great00:07:49
victories, about the movements of states, and00:07:52
so on and so on, all of this, of course,00:07:55
could not but arouse great interest, but00:07:58
the text was written in00:08:00
Cyrillic script, which of course was00:08:02
a little strange, but in the end,00:08:04
why not, then there was00:08:10
another Russian immigrant who lived in00:08:13
Australia, having worked, Sergei Paramonov,00:08:16
who wrote under the pseudonym Lesnoy,00:08:19
sent texts a request to Moscow to the Institute00:08:25
of Linguistics,00:08:26
it must be emphasized that the tension00:08:30
in this situation was given by the fact that the dialogue00:08:33
took place on opposite sides of the Iron Curtain,00:08:36
because initially it seemed00:08:39
clear that everything that comes from the00:08:40
Russian emigration is all hostile yes,00:08:43
that means that no Soviet scientists, in00:08:45
principle, should have been on00:08:47
VKontakte and in no way were they in00:08:50
agreement with any00:08:52
immigrants, so when a Soviet00:08:55
linguist in 1960 published an00:08:58
article in the journal Questions of the Language of Knowledge about00:09:01
going into the forest his book is a fake on the00:09:04
basis of linguistic considerations00:09:06
based on the analysis of language, the language00:09:09
is a stylized text,00:09:11
but this stylization was done illiterately00:09:15
without taking into account the laws of development of Slavic00:09:17
languages, this was written by linguists in00:09:21
particular Lady Zhukovskaya, but of course,00:09:23
again due to non-linguistic00:09:26
reasons in general for non-scientific reasons, of00:09:28
course people perceived this00:09:31
reaction as an official reaction from the00:09:33
Soviet official, of course, in00:09:36
the West, white00:09:38
immigrants living in the West cannot come up with anything good,00:09:40
they can only write all sorts of00:09:43
fabrications that undermine the00:09:45
Marxist00:09:46
picture of history; nevertheless, it is00:09:50
interesting to note that the real excitement in the00:09:52
Soviet Union about the fox00:09:54
book began not immediately after publication00:09:57
in the magazine Firebird and not even immediately00:10:01
after publication in the magazine00:10:02
Questions of the Language of Knowledge in 1960, even00:10:06
then the00:10:08
gigantic Marxist-Leninist00:10:10
ideology stood firmly and did00:10:15
not allow any vacillation, so to speak, but in the00:10:17
mid-70s, when the ideology00:10:22
became to loosen when, in fact, different beliefs in palmistry, telekinesis, and healing actually00:10:26
spread, in a generally almost00:10:28
legal manner,00:10:37
when the famous so-called00:10:40
healer Juna Davitashvili went to be00:10:42
treated with a saber, don’t poke Brezhnev, when in00:10:45
general, in fact,00:10:47
no one really believed in ideology anymore when it00:10:49
was a pure outline that no00:10:51
one took seriously,00:10:53
here from below I00:10:55
will begin to seep in a frantic interest in the00:10:58
fox book, for the first time it appeared in00:11:01
publications in the newspaper week in 1507, the sixth00:11:04
year, and after that00:11:06
the number of publications multiplied,00:11:08
multiplied, we note that at that time the00:11:09
official ones continued linguists and00:11:12
official historians tried to write00:11:14
that this was all a fake and based on00:11:17
scientific arguments, but00:11:20
no one heard these scientific arguments because00:11:22
the idea that was running through everything was that, of course, a00:11:25
Soviet scientist received an order from the00:11:27
state to expose the White emigrants,00:11:30
what else can they write in this00:11:31
sense, we won’t listen to them the fall of00:11:35
communism in this sense eased the00:11:38
situation, both on the one hand and on the other;00:11:42
on the one hand, an00:11:44
unheard-of number of translations of00:11:46
this text appeared to the colloquial language, well,00:11:50
different interpretations; its inclusion in00:11:52
new,00:11:53
so to speak, pictures from the presentation of00:11:57
ancient Slavic and Russian history, on the00:11:59
other hand the opportunity arose, well, to00:12:02
open the archives, look at the archive,00:12:05
this was already Yuri Mirolyubov, by that time,00:12:07
of course, he had died, you could go00:12:10
find the archive with backup00:12:13
in let’s run, and transferred this archive to00:12:17
Ukraine, no additional signs were00:12:20
found there, in the end, it was possible to00:12:23
herre this dispute to the ideal but00:12:26
the interesting thing is that being a dale case giese00:12:30
rowan it is absolutely not not not00:12:32
over not over it is00:12:36
why the fact is that00:12:38
fakes exist in different countries00:12:41
fakes exist sometimes for the00:12:43
entertainment of the public sometimes for sensation00:12:46
5-minute sometimes for ideological purposes00:12:48
but in any case not when these00:12:51
fakes00:12:52
do not penetrate into, well, how can I tell you, into the00:12:55
official official hole typhus of science00:13:00
they do not penetrate into school textbooks00:13:02
they do not penetrate into school curricula the00:13:03
fact is that in a normal situation00:13:07
society one way or another00:13:09
maintains trust in experts, trust in00:13:14
experts let the yellow press publish00:13:19
any00:13:20
revelations or discoveries about00:13:23
some secret pharaohs or about00:13:24
some spells of some tombs, but00:13:27
how can you be sure that all this00:13:28
sensational foam will not penetrate into00:13:31
academic literature or on the page of00:13:34
school and university textbooks in Russia,00:13:37
the situation, unfortunately, is much more00:13:40
difficult in Russia has undermined trust in00:13:43
experts, and in this sense,00:13:46
any sensation has a chance to end up in00:13:51
scientific literature and even school00:13:54
curricula; the saddest example of this is00:13:57
in the forest; his book is00:13:59
that it does not evoke any false impression from00:14:02
any specialist; I emphasize not a00:14:04
single specialist: historian, archaeologist,00:14:07
ethnographer, linguist, especially rengista not the00:14:09
slightest doubt, it is enough to say00:14:13
that the Indian god Indra,00:14:17
if he was really known to the00:14:19
ancient Slavs, he was called by the nuclei,00:14:23
this is the simplest law, the phonetic law of the00:14:26
Slavic language, according to the one who forged00:14:28
this text, apparently it was00:14:29
Yuri Miroliubov himself. I00:14:31
just wanted to00:14:35
breathe hope into Russian emigrants, he00:14:38
wanted to00:14:42
somehow encourage00:14:43
these people who were doomed to00:14:46
dissolve in the alien emigrant element00:14:50
in modern Russia with this tale about the great past.00:14:52
This essay serves to create a00:14:57
mythological deeply anti-scientific00:15:00
image of the past. The problem is not that00:15:04
this essay is not00:15:05
sufficiently exposed from a scientific point00:15:08
of view, the problem is that science itself does not00:15:12
enjoy sufficient authority in the raw materials of modern RussiaDescription:
Как немецко-французский византинист за русские деньги фальсифицировал древнерусскую историю, как у него проснулась совесть и как его разоблачили. Лекция №3 из курса «Исторические подделки и подлинники». Лектор — Сергей Иванов, доктор исторических наук, профессор НИУ ВШЭ и СПбГУ.Пройдите весь курс на Arzamas: https://arzamas.academy/courses/7 Arzamas — просветительский проект об истории культуры https://arzamas.academy./ Чтобы не пропускать новые материалы, следите за нами в социальных сетях: FB: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser VK: https://vk.com/arzamas.academy Twitter: https://twitter.com/arzamas_academy Telegram: https://t.me/ArzamasLive Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser
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