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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:05
well, good afternoon to all the friends00:00:09
of the josep hyper humanity center00:00:14
gathered at this moment waiting for00:00:20
today's conference for those who are00:00:25
making contact with our center for the first time today00:00:28
we want to tell you that00:00:32
this year the course is titled00:00:40
she te will crush the head00:00:44
is a text taken from the book of genesis00:00:48
in chapter 3 and the subtitle of the course00:00:53
is the mystery of women in the light of00:00:59
Christian tradition00:01:01
well then we have been giving00:01:04
some very00:01:08
interesting lectures we have all started00:01:11
with the book of genesis there with00:01:15
Father Horacio Bojorge and comments the00:01:19
first chapters of Genesis to the00:01:21
creation of woman and woman an00:01:26
adequate help for that00:01:29
Father Bojorge spoke to us later Father Delgado00:01:32
spoke to us about a special woman00:01:36
of the Blessed Virgin00:01:40
in the Gospels00:01:43
then We saw the woman in the ancient age00:01:46
of Saint Monica in the life of Saint00:01:50
Monica by Fray Marcelo Corleto00:01:56
then we saw the life of00:02:00
Saint Hildegard of Bingen by00:02:04
Paola del Bosco00:02:06
then we saw the life of Saint Catherine of00:02:11
Siena by the doctor zelmira00:02:15
seligman00:02:16
and in the last conference00:02:19
we saw the life of saint joan of arc00:02:25
saint joan of arc by00:02:28
sister marie de las haches sequeiros00:02:32
and all this was a cycle and a very00:02:37
great enormous cycle of the ancient age and00:02:41
the medieval age and Today we begin a00:02:46
new historical stage since the course00:02:49
has a00:02:50
historical meaning00:02:52
Today we are ending the Middle Ages,00:02:57
entering the modern age00:03:00
and00:03:01
we will then share a new00:03:05
conference titled Great Hispanic Women00:03:10
Saint Elizabeth the Catholic and Saint Teresa00:03:14
of Ávila or Saint Teresa of Jesus00:03:18
by Professor Claudio Mayeregger00:03:24
is a beloved professor. For many00:03:27
years, the Piper Center00:03:30
has the honor of counting him among its00:03:34
teachers.00:03:37
Professor Mayeregger was born in La Plata00:03:41
in00:03:42
1963. He studied at the Faculty of00:03:46
Humanities of the National University00:03:48
of La Plata and in the institute of00:03:52
theology of the archdiocese of la plata00:03:55
he is a professor of philosophy and professor00:03:59
of theology he is a member of the00:04:03
santa anna foundation00:04:05
created by monsignor juan carlos ruta and00:04:09
teaches classes at the major seminary san00:04:12
jose de la plata at the institute of00:04:15
theology and at the Carrera Institute00:04:20
since 2007 they come every year to Mar00:04:24
del Plata to share a conference00:04:28
with us this year it couldn't be00:04:31
this year it could be but it is present00:04:35
anyway today he sent us a00:04:40
video with the conference that we are going to00:04:43
share exclusively00:04:48
and he is going to participate live at the00:04:51
time of the questions00:04:53
[Music]00:04:54
because well because he has problems00:04:58
with his internet connection that sometimes00:05:01
drops a lot so to make sure that00:05:05
the conference will go well today today at00:05:09
noon he has made us your00:05:12
conference arrives that we are going to share now00:05:15
with all of you00:05:17
and we thank everyone for their presence00:05:20
we are reading the greetings the greetings00:05:24
from Argentina from various places00:05:27
in Argentina and also from outside00:05:30
Argentina there we have greetings from00:05:33
Texas USA good to all friends00:05:38
to all Those of us from Mendoza, from the00:05:41
province of Buenos Aires, from Córdoba,00:05:44
to all those who have already greeted us00:05:46
from Tandil in the city, the city of00:05:50
Tandil, so beautiful with its ordeal and00:05:53
near Mar del Plata,00:05:55
not all of us send a big hug, we00:06:00
really appreciate that Today you are here and we are going to00:06:05
prepare to give you the floor, I00:06:08
wanted to, Professor Claudio Mayer,00:06:13
Professor Claudio Mayeregger who shares00:06:18
this conference with us from the silver and who at the00:06:22
end will be added live for the name00:06:26
of the father and the son and the00:06:28
holy spirit to mind come holy spirit fill00:06:32
the hearts of your faithful and light00:06:34
in them the fire of your love send00:06:36
your spirit lord and all things will be00:06:38
created00:06:40
oh god who is instructed in the00:06:42
hearts of his faithful with the light of the00:06:44
holy spirit give us like the remains00:06:46
according to the same spirit and always enjoy00:06:48
its consolations through Jesus Christ our00:06:50
Lord00:06:51
Holy Mary Mother of God of00:06:54
Wisdom00:06:55
Saint Joseph00:06:57
Saint Pius we say in the name of the father and00:07:01
the son and the Holy Spirit amen00:07:09
very good afternoon00:07:12
friends of Mar del Plata00:07:15
as every year for a few00:07:19
years now00:07:20
I have had the pleasure and honor of addressing00:07:25
you this time00:07:28
from the silver00:07:32
and00:07:35
on this occasion I00:07:37
cannot not00:07:41
feel the perfume of the sea before00:07:44
speaking to you but from here from00:07:47
the silver I express to you For00:07:52
these greetings, I00:07:56
of course thank Cristian00:07:58
Iglesias and the00:08:02
Bears Center for this generous and cordial00:08:05
invitation00:08:07
to speak this year about Isabella the00:08:10
Catholic and Saint Teresa of Jesus'00:08:19
in a series00:08:22
dedicated to00:08:26
women00:08:29
in the Christian tradition.00:08:38
Oh, of course, from the outset, this The conference00:08:41
will not attempt in any way to make00:08:44
even a00:08:47
synthetic presentation of the biography00:08:49
of Isabella the Catholic and Saint Teresa of00:08:52
Jesus. It would exceed00:08:54
the time frame of the conference,00:08:59
much less analyze each of the00:09:02
aspects of her work in one case of her00:09:04
thought in the other of her00:09:08
mystical doctrine in the case of Saint Teresa00:09:14
what I am going to deal with is both of them00:09:18
as examples of strong women00:09:24
that is the subtitle that has not seemed00:09:27
appropriate to give this conference00:09:31
Isabella the Catholic and Saint Teresa of00:09:33
Jesus' two strong women00:09:37
and I am going to start the conference by clarifying00:09:40
the meaning of this title00:09:43
and the first clarification consists of00:09:46
reading a text from the Old00:09:49
Testament that serves as an introduction, it is00:09:54
the00:09:58
beautiful acrostic poem with which it00:10:03
ends From seeing the proverbs, your son, a00:10:08
good part of chapter 31 between00:10:12
verse 10 and verse 31, I00:10:14
precisely00:10:18
said, oh yes,00:10:23
the strong woman who will make them00:10:26
is worth much more than pearls.00:10:30
Her husband's heart trusts in her and she does not00:10:32
lack gain.00:10:33
the adventure does not disgrace00:10:36
all the time of her life she00:10:39
procures wool and wine00:10:41
and works with pleasure with her00:10:44
hands she is like a merchant's ship that00:10:47
brings her bread from afar still at night she00:10:50
gets up and distributes the meal to her family00:10:51
and He gives orders to his00:10:54
cabin maids about looking for a purchase and with the00:10:57
fruit of his hands he plants a vineyard. He follows00:11:00
his loins with vigor and strengthens his00:11:02
arms. He00:11:03
experiences that his earnings are good and00:11:05
not even at night does he turn off his lamp. He stretches his00:11:09
hands to the spinning wheel and his hands. palms grasp the00:11:12
spindle she extends her palms to the helpless and00:11:15
extends her hand to the needy her family is not afraid of00:11:18
the snow because everyone in her00:11:20
house has double dresses they00:11:23
make themselves blankets and their dresses are00:11:25
purple links known at the doors her00:11:28
husband when he sits between the00:11:30
elders of the country make a tunic and00:11:33
sell it, deliver it to the market, a follower is00:11:36
clothed with strength and dignity and00:11:39
smiles at the future with wisdom,00:11:42
opens his mouth and on his tongue is the law00:11:44
of goodness,00:11:46
watches the progress of his house and She does not eat her00:11:49
bread for nothing without her children and00:11:52
they call her blessed and her husband exalts her.00:11:56
Many daughters have done feats, but you00:11:59
all know that00:12:01
appearance is deceptive. They go to00:12:06
beauty. The woman who fears God is to be00:12:09
praised.00:12:11
the fruit of their hands and00:12:13
praise their works at the doors.00:12:18
This text from the Old Testament is00:12:22
known as the praise of the strong woman00:12:28
because the verse that introduces the entire00:12:31
pericope is precisely the one that00:12:33
asks the strong woman who will do them is00:12:37
worth much more than the pearls00:12:43
here the strong woman is described from00:12:46
the point of view of domestic life00:12:47
of family life00:12:49
she is the housewife the wife the mother who00:12:54
with her strength allows00:12:59
life health the growth00:13:03
of the family00:13:09
but this praise of the strong woman It is00:13:11
the core of a much broader theme in00:13:13
scripture00:13:21
because we could ask ourselves what00:13:24
makes a strong woman strong00:13:29
and the biblical perspective00:13:35
gives us a00:13:37
unique and sure answer.00:13:41
What makes a strong woman strong00:13:45
is the grace of God'00:13:48
and from here we move to another text00:13:50
of the sacred scripture that we all00:13:52
know and pray that it is the00:13:53
magnificat of our lady. Let00:13:57
us remember that there it begins by saying00:13:59
magnificat animated ming exalts spirits00:14:03
meu sinde or salute and half00:14:06
creates military respect in Chile its00:14:10
sex beate ditzen oms generations and if00:14:15
they called me blessed all the generations00:14:19
has a correlation in the text00:14:21
we have just read00:14:24
we have not read the sanse her children and they00:14:27
call her blessed00:14:31
but here it is about the blessed one00:14:34
above all about the blessed one who is00:14:36
the mother of the lord00:14:41
and What she represents is the00:14:44
strong woman in her most excellent form,00:14:49
she is the strongest woman of all00:14:51
strong women because she is the woman who00:14:55
has fully fulfilled the will of00:14:56
God00:14:57
[Music]00:14:58
a will that transcends all00:15:00
human horizons,00:15:02
all human strength00:15:05
and requires a superhuman strength and00:15:09
this is the biblical perspective of00:15:10
strength00:15:12
Paul says it very clearly the flesh00:15:15
is weak the spirit is strong00:15:19
the strong God00:15:22
and the strength is in the love of God '00:15:26
the flesh that is human nature and in00:15:29
particular the human nature fallen and00:15:32
wounded by the sin of Adam efe00:15:38
this applies to the previous gender00:15:42
choose human that encompasses the male and the00:15:44
female00:15:46
because it says the genesis of God00:15:49
created man in his image according to his00:15:52
likeness he created him male and female00:15:57
and that00:15:59
duality of male and female,00:16:03
which expresses the creative will of God,00:16:07
is a distinction within a unity00:16:10
that is that of human nature made00:16:13
by God in his image according to his00:16:16
peers.00:16:23
That human nature as a00:16:25
created nature has the finitude and00:16:28
fragility of The creature00:16:31
has the capacity to be strong in its00:16:33
nature, but with a00:16:36
fallible strength, a strength that becomes00:16:38
weakness. The00:16:40
primary weakness of that creature00:16:43
made in the image and likeness of God is sin, the00:16:48
ability of man,00:16:49
man and woman,00:16:54
and strength in the biblical perspective00:16:56
comes from God00:16:58
the powerful00:17:02
if we quote ourselves in this00:17:04
perspective00:17:05
I repeat the beginning of the magnificat leads00:17:09
to praise to glorification although00:17:12
the holy virgin does the00:17:14
wonders left over by God in her in00:17:16
her humility in her littleness00:17:23
nothing more Opposite to this is00:17:26
the feeling of arrogance by which00:17:29
it is claimed00:17:33
that the human being is strong in00:17:35
and of himself or that the even worse strength00:17:39
consists00:17:41
of detaching oneself from God, separating oneself from00:17:45
him and opposing him,00:17:49
there we are already in a00:17:51
clearly00:17:53
satanic perspective in which the00:17:56
meaning of things has been inverted and that is the00:17:59
perspective that appears very00:18:01
clearly in the feminism that floods us00:18:05
everywhere today.00:18:08
Woman00:18:10
appears there in the perspective of a00:18:13
loss that is the loss of the man00:18:16
who claims to be the god of himself,00:18:20
maker of his own greatness, of his00:18:22
own strength, absolute owner and lord00:18:26
of himself and of social life00:18:29
and even more so of the being of things,00:18:33
nothing is what it is because God has00:18:36
created it as it is but rather everything, above00:18:39
all, every human being00:18:43
does what he wants, even00:18:45
more so what would be 2 s,00:18:48
then we are in a perspective of00:18:52
hate, which is the maximum weakness because00:18:54
what the love of God puts on is that00:18:57
hatred that separates you, which puts you as if in a00:19:00
kind of dialectic00:19:03
of contradiction00:19:05
of power00:19:07
according to the Marxist conception of men and00:19:10
women instead of seeing them in the00:19:13
unity of the creature of God00:19:17
in relation to the other00:19:20
and in order to the same and only perfection00:19:22
of Christian life00:19:27
in late feminism a spirit of00:19:29
arrogance, vanity, and selfishness that00:19:33
makes it incompatible with the Christian faith,00:19:37
not to mention when that is the day of00:19:40
perspectives or conceptions00:19:46
such as what is called00:19:48
gender ideology in which, as I have00:19:51
just said, it is not even recognized. being of00:19:53
things,00:19:56
there we have the most opposite attitude,00:19:58
humility,00:20:00
which is the root of strength00:20:03
in writing because humility is00:20:06
the beginning of fortitude,00:20:08
living in the truth,00:20:11
recognizing00:20:13
precisely the order established by00:20:15
God00:20:16
[Music]00:20:20
and all of that is It opposes a vision of00:20:24
things and an attitude00:20:28
in which what prevails is00:20:31
the rejection of the order of all order of00:20:34
all hierarchy, be it the hierarchy of the00:20:37
creature in relation to the creator, be it the00:20:40
order and even a certain order herat and00:20:42
composed by God in the relationship between00:20:45
man and woman,00:20:47
all of this is rejected with a fierce hatred00:20:53
from an ideological conception that00:20:56
tends to destroy order and proclaim00:21:01
in its place00:21:03
the absolute discretion of the human will,00:21:07
but there we are in the abyss of00:21:09
weakness. Note that this is not true. It is the00:21:12
strong, there is a strength, this is what00:21:14
I want to highlight in this conference,00:21:19
strength is not00:21:22
the cry full of hate and empty of truth, that00:21:26
is not strength, strength00:21:29
is not the tense,00:21:34
almost insane gesture00:21:36
that claims as a right what is a00:21:39
crime.00:21:43
and that calls perversion virtue00:21:48
that strengthens us that is weakness00:21:51
maximum weakness because not only is it a00:21:54
sin in itself but it is a sin00:21:57
associated with an attitude and an ideology00:22:01
that cultivate age00:22:06
the strong woman is the virtuous woman by00:22:09
the grace of Christ This is the00:22:11
perspective of this conference and what00:22:13
I want is to show Isabella the Catholic and00:22:15
Saint Teresa of Jesus as examples00:22:17
of strong women because they are virtuous women00:22:21
in the grace of Christ with whom virtue00:22:24
is a word that comes from the Latin00:22:27
virtus. which in turn comes from the same00:22:31
root that tea has.00:22:50
Isabel, who wants to praise her,00:22:53
the praise often happens because she is00:22:55
a virile woman who wants a00:22:57
strong woman, a virtuous woman, a woman who does00:23:01
not look like a woman but rather a virtuous woman.00:23:10
The two figures whose00:23:12
memory brings us together today00:23:16
are00:23:18
Isabel the First of Castile, Isabel the00:23:22
Catholic00:23:23
and Teresa of beloved Saint Teresa of Jesus00:23:27
[Music]00:23:29
two Castilian women,00:23:32
one born00:23:36
in the middle of the 15th century00:23:39
and died at the beginning of the 16th century00:23:43
and the other born at the beginning of the 16th and00:23:47
died towards the end of the 16th,00:23:50
we are00:23:52
in the Castilian lands if you locate us00:23:55
The places of birth and death of00:23:56
these two women there is a00:23:59
surprising geographical concentration00:24:03
if you take the trouble to look at00:24:06
a map00:24:08
of Spain' and more precisely of00:24:10
Castilla de Castilla y León00:24:14
you will be able to locate the towns to which I am00:24:17
referring to Isabel the Catholic' was born in Madrigal de00:24:21
las Altas Torres00:24:25
in the year 1,45100:24:28
and died in Medina del Campo00:24:33
in the year 2000 50400:24:38
Teresa of Ávila Saint Teresa of Jesus00:24:42
was born in Ávila00:24:45
in the year 1515 and died in Alba de Tormes00:24:50
in the year 1,58100:24:55
these two these four Cities, sorry,00:24:57
are located in a territory that00:25:02
is concentrated in distances that do not exceed00:25:05
100 kilometers from each other. From city to city,00:25:07
we are00:25:10
in a region in which the00:25:12
main cities are Ávila00:25:14
Valladolid or Salamanca.00:25:22
This is how the lives00:25:26
of these two women fundamentally unfold. strong00:25:32
and this concentration00:25:33
is not coincidental in the perspective of this00:25:37
conference but rather it shows us these00:25:39
two women rooted in a tradition00:25:41
that is the Hispanic Christian00:25:45
Hispanic Catholic tradition that has00:25:49
an00:25:50
admirable bastion in Castile. These represent a00:25:55
tradition in which they are inserted in00:25:58
which to a large extent they live and to which they00:26:00
contribute to a high degree00:26:03
with their personal work with their own activity00:26:08
and are two clearly different figures00:26:10
of course we have a queen and a00:26:13
nun00:26:15
in principle it might seem like nothing more00:26:17
opposite00:26:19
and yet we will see how00:26:21
That perspective is erroneous precisely00:26:26
because they are two strong women, that is,00:26:27
two Christian women,00:26:30
and then the life of the00:26:33
queen,00:26:35
in order for her to be a good queen, will have to00:26:38
be a life00:26:40
of prayer, a life of recollection, a00:26:44
life with a dimension of contemplation,00:26:48
because if not, She will be able to govern as a00:26:51
Christian queen00:26:53
and the case of Isabella the Catholic is the00:26:56
case of an exemplary queen as a00:26:59
Christian queen and therefore also a00:27:02
praying queen, that is, with her dimension and00:27:07
virtuous with all the virtues00:27:09
of the Christian woman, that is, with her00:27:12
appearance. as a nun, if you will,00:27:15
deep in her heart, in her spiritual life,00:27:18
from which all her activity as queen emanates,00:27:22
Saint Teresa on the other hand, on the other hand,00:27:25
she is a cloistered nun,00:27:27
but to whom God gave the mission00:27:31
of founding,00:27:37
imagine If you are that the life of a00:27:39
nun of capture is a life of full00:27:42
recollection00:27:46
of total conservation of the interior life00:27:48
and that is the life of Saint 3 and all her00:27:52
reform is in pursuit of this in pursuit of00:27:56
living fully consecrated Carmelite nuns00:28:00
goodbye in a perfect barefoot that00:28:05
means renunciation of the world and00:28:09
full surrender,00:28:11
goodbye,00:28:15
but she had to found this reform00:28:19
and then she had to move a lot, she had to00:28:21
walk,00:28:23
leave the cloister,00:28:27
travel the paths of the00:28:30
Castilian monarchy from city to city to00:28:33
founding convents00:28:35
then suddenly there now we have the other way00:28:38
around the nun of the cloister becomes an00:28:41
active woman a woman of government00:28:44
because of course as a reformer she is the one who00:28:47
holds the reins00:28:48
of the reformed Carmelites she is the mother00:28:52
of all the founding mother who has00:28:55
to go from city to city, opening00:28:59
new communities, founding convents,00:29:02
but just as it is impossible to think of the00:29:05
virtue of the queen without the00:29:08
prayerful interiority of the baptized Christian00:29:11
in Isabel, it is also impossible to think of00:29:16
the travels of Saint Tereza and her00:29:19
founding itineraries00:29:23
as anything other than as A projection00:29:24
of the cloister is a demand of that00:29:28
life totally given to God because00:29:31
in that leaving the cloister there is00:29:34
precisely the dimension of the cross00:29:38
that God has destined for him, and this is00:29:42
where his most00:29:44
painful works are, his00:29:47
greatest sorrows, his most00:29:50
intense difficulties. in that tension with all the00:29:56
realities of the world that she has to00:29:58
face when founding her00:30:05
but she has the strength acquired00:30:07
in internal combat in spiritual combat00:30:12
because she is a woman consecrated to the path00:30:17
of perfection and that is why a strong woman00:30:24
is conference will try to have a00:30:30
double character double nuance that comes right00:30:33
from the fact that00:30:36
the day in which00:30:39
this conference is seen00:30:41
is not the day in which I am only recording00:30:43
but the day in which you will see it, it has been00:30:44
called the silver day,00:30:46
August 21, it is the commemoration of00:30:50
Saint Pius de Silva whom I have invoked at the00:30:52
beginning of this class00:30:55
and that is why I want to give this00:30:56
conference a double nuance, its00:30:59
catechetical nuance on the one hand because it is broad,00:31:02
we say the patron of catechesis in00:31:03
the Catholic Church00:31:08
and an anti-modernist nuance00:31:13
that It has only been introduced by opposing the00:31:15
Christian concept of strength to a00:31:18
modernist concept of strength that00:31:20
understands strength from power and00:31:24
human empowerment,00:31:30
which, like pride, is the sin of all00:31:34
sins and therefore the maximum00:31:37
weakness takes on an00:31:44
anti-climax. modernism continues to exist00:31:46
throughout development but00:31:49
modernism as a mentality00:31:53
now that it is broad we say in a00:31:58
serious and severe way00:32:03
according to the tradition of the entire church00:32:06
continues to be00:32:09
a permanent temptation for00:32:11
Christian spirits00:32:14
and a source of constant misguidance that It is00:32:16
not only present in00:32:18
feminism but it is present in00:32:22
multiple aspects of present social life00:32:27
and also in multiple aspects,00:32:30
including the life of the church,00:32:37
as an error that is caused00:32:40
by many shortcuts that lie in wait for us as00:32:44
temptations00:32:47
to deviate from the truth. and of the00:32:49
cross of Christ00:32:55
I start with Doña Isabel the Catholic' the00:32:59
queen00:33:02
and I am going to try in both cases to00:33:06
present them fundamentally through00:33:08
their own words00:33:12
briefly with the words of someone00:33:16
who has witnessed their lives or who00:33:19
speaks about them but that it is00:33:21
approximately contemporary00:33:25
but fundamentally I insist on their00:33:27
words, they left the table of them so00:33:29
that you can see which is the00:33:31
spirit that makes them strong that00:33:33
makes them strong00:33:36
both that it is the same spirit00:33:44
that has been given to us by the grace of00:33:46
Christ00:33:49
come and see I want to highlight00:33:52
the Christian virtues, a00:33:55
catechetical topic, not the theological virtues,00:33:57
faith, hope, charity,00:34:00
the faith00:34:02
of the queen because we cannot think of00:34:06
Isabel the Catholic and her00:34:11
historical name00:34:13
is naming her. We cannot think and00:34:16
know the Catholic without the Catholic faith. She00:34:20
is a Catholic queen,00:34:24
she is a queen of faith, so00:34:28
hope, let us remember, is00:34:31
the virtue00:34:32
by which00:34:34
we go farewell as a goal with00:34:37
full confidence00:34:40
that with the means of her grace00:34:42
we will be able00:34:45
to reach it00:34:48
and we will see to what extent that is00:34:49
present in the life of Isabella the00:34:52
Catholic but it can already be seen in her00:34:56
work, that is to say, in the magnanimity with which she00:35:00
reigns in undertaking large00:35:03
undertakings of the Catholic queen with the firm00:35:10
confidence that God will assist her in00:35:13
reaching the mix. She00:35:16
is the queen. of charity also00:35:20
because she is a queen whose reign follows00:35:24
the law of quality, love God00:35:26
above all things and one's neighbor00:35:27
as oneself00:35:30
and then00:35:33
those moral attitudes are also found in her,00:35:35
justice, temperance, strength00:35:41
and test night00:35:46
only considering virtue by virtue what I00:35:51
am going to do is read texts and00:35:53
point out in each case the presence00:35:55
of that virtue in the spirit of knowledge00:36:02
Isabel was queen00:36:05
of castile00:36:08
and león00:36:10
and galicia00:36:14
and toledo00:36:16
and seville and jaén and morse00:36:21
and the Algarve and Algeciras00:36:25
and the Canary Islands00:36:33
of Las Cleans00:36:35
finally00:36:37
because we remember that under her reign00:36:44
the conquest of the kingdom of the Indies begins,00:36:52
she is the queen who owns the crown of00:36:55
Castile but then she will also be00:36:57
queen consort of the crown of Aragon,00:37:00
that is, queen consort of Aragon of00:37:03
Valencia00:37:04
countess of Barcelona00:37:08
queen of Sicily and of Naples and of00:37:13
Sardinia and of Corsica00:37:16
and countess of Athens and not patriot00:37:20
these are subtitles00:37:24
queen consort for her marriage00:37:26
obviously with Fernando the Catholic00:37:30
of Aragon00:37:34
that is one of the historical realities00:37:36
that The name of00:37:38
Isabella the Catholic always links, of course, the00:37:45
personal union00:37:50
from her heirs00:37:54
of the two large portions of the00:37:57
Castilian monarchy00:38:00
in a single person,00:38:04
first Queen Doña Juana and then her00:38:09
son Carlos00:38:16
to situate ourselves, I said a moment ago00:38:18
that00:38:22
both Strong women belonged to the00:38:24
tradition,00:38:26
let's detach dissolution.00:38:28
We don't understand them. You00:38:29
can't understand Isabel as queen00:38:33
without placing yourself in the perspective of what00:38:36
the Castilian-Leonese monarchy is.00:38:39
I saw you read00:38:41
some passages from the first title of the00:38:46
first game.00:38:49
I'm referring to a00:38:51
fundamental law of the Castilian00:38:53
Leonese crown which are the seven games of00:38:56
Alfonso we say the saps00:39:00
this is the law of the kingdom the fundamental law00:39:06
and we read here in this first game00:39:09
title first the following00:39:15
in the service of God00:39:19
and for the common good of all we make00:39:22
this book00:39:24
because those who read it make in it00:39:27
all things fulfilled and certain to00:39:30
take advantage of them00:39:32
and we distribute in titles what it means00:39:34
as well as the sum of the reasons that are00:39:36
shown and in these reasons00:39:38
things are shown completely as they are and by00:39:40
the understanding what they have are called00:39:42
read00:39:44
people is the dina laws are called00:39:47
the beliefs that men have and00:39:49
they would make sure that those in this book do not00:39:52
speak except about those, so00:39:54
to get them out of this doubt00:39:56
we will make them understand that the s are these00:40:00
and you feel that current This has00:40:03
also been said in the Spanish of the 3rd century00:40:08
so that you can be this compilation of00:40:10
stress and this exposition of the laws00:40:14
for the service of God and for the00:40:18
common good of men, in particular of00:40:20
the separatist subjects.00:40:25
very conception of the Castilian monarchy in the00:40:27
order of charity,00:40:31
Isabel has been a queen of charity for a while, well, that is printed in00:40:35
the very laws of the00:40:36
Castilian monarchy because to reign is to first00:40:39
serve God00:40:41
and second00:40:42
to provide for the common good of the people. Men00:40:47
love goodbye above all things and love00:40:49
their neighbor as oneself,00:40:54
but for this to happen,00:40:57
the true laws must be taken as laws00:41:00
and here we have a fundamental issue not00:41:04
why the figure00:41:06
of Isabella the Catholic and the tradition of00:41:10
the monarchy Castilian gain strength00:41:12
in the face of00:41:14
the00:41:16
alienating and perverse00:41:19
legal positivism that reigned today in Spain, in00:41:22
Argentina and in almost the entire world.00:41:29
People are life. I made the games. They00:41:33
call the beliefs that men have laws00:41:38
and they would take care that those in this book did not00:41:40
speak. but of those,00:41:43
therefore, to remove them from this doubt, we00:41:45
will make them understand what laws these are00:41:53
to establish how men are to00:41:55
believe and keep the faith of Jesus Christ00:41:56
as it is and others and how they know how to00:41:59
live with each other well and00:42:01
orderly.00:42:02
according to the pleasure of God and others and according to00:42:06
the life of this world, living00:42:08
in law and justice,00:42:11
notice that00:42:15
the first law is00:42:19
knowing how to live by00:42:24
believing and keeping the faith of Jesus Christ00:42:31
in order to be able to know how to live with one00:42:34
another well and orderly. according to the00:42:37
will of God00:42:41
and continues natural light be what is just00:42:46
natural the natural right means00:42:47
in romance as a natural right that00:42:50
men and even the other00:42:52
consenting animals have in themselves others if you00:42:55
unite Latin means as a right00:42:57
common to all which is appropriate to00:42:59
men and not to other animals because00:43:00
men could not live in00:43:02
peace if you do not use ndr because this right00:43:05
each man knows the uses and00:43:08
the fields and the areas of00:43:11
the towns and others are distributed to them and it is men00:43:13
all for worship God and obey his00:43:15
parents, his father and his land, which in00:43:17
Latin is called homeland, and others, and00:43:19
be aware of this right so that each person00:43:22
can stand against those who00:43:23
would dishonor or force him, and00:43:26
even more so, everything he does for00:43:27
defend oneself from the force that they want to00:43:29
exert against one's person, who is understood to00:43:32
do so with the right00:43:36
and with a single positive plus,00:43:40
to our Lord Jesus Christ belong00:43:42
the laws that speak of faith and unite00:43:44
man to God with love by right, that is why00:43:47
it is advisable to love him and honor him. and having it for00:43:49
its goodness and for the good it does us,00:43:54
the laws that unite them by love belong to the government of men and this00:43:56
is the right and reason for these two things is00:43:59
the justice that makes men live00:44:01
as it suits them and without reason. to00:44:03
disarm each other but to love each other well these00:44:06
laws unite the wills of00:44:08
men out of friendship00:44:12
that is00:44:15
the seventh law and the twelfth law says00:44:19
thus emperor or king can make laws00:44:22
about people of his lordship and no one else does00:44:25
not have the power to make them00:44:26
temporally alone without their00:44:29
granting being made and those that are made in another way00:44:31
have no name or force of00:44:35
laws nor should they be valid at any time00:44:41
and ended up going back to the legion00:44:43
connect if it is the last one that I read the one who00:44:45
makes the laws must love God and00:44:48
fear him and have it before your eyes while they00:44:51
make them so that they are right and00:44:54
fulfilled, to love justice and the00:44:57
communal commons of all and to understand the right00:44:59
of wrong and they should not be ashamed00:45:02
in changing their laws when others00:45:05
will demonstrate the reason for doing so because it is a00:45:07
great right. It is to right when to00:45:10
err in others00:45:12
that knows how to be with itself00:45:17
I have gone back to the games in its00:45:21
first introductory fundamental part00:45:24
so that you can see in which tradition00:45:26
we must place Isabel the Catholic00:45:30
when that is what we say is a queen00:45:33
it is a figure of government,00:45:37
if we want to think about it from the00:45:39
categories of day, we do not understand anything, we00:45:41
already have Isabel the Catholic,00:45:43
we do not know what we are talking about00:45:46
because the monarchy in Castile is00:45:47
designed according to these laws that I have just00:45:49
read, these are the fundamental laws00:45:51
of the Castilian monarchy00:45:56
and I repeat the beginning of the law 11. He who00:46:01
makes the laws must love God and00:46:04
fear him and have him before his eyes. He00:46:07
makes them so that they are right and fulfilled. He00:46:10
must love justice and the commons00:46:14
of all of the common good and understand the00:46:17
right of the wrong and should not be00:46:19
ashamed in very long to amend00:46:21
human laws feel when there is00:46:23
just reason to do00:46:33
Isabel the Catholic' bursts into00:46:36
Castile in the middle of the 15th century,00:46:42
born precisely in the middle of the century00:46:47
dear to00:46:49
the crown of her father Juan Second of00:46:54
Castilla after the death of his00:46:56
brother Henry the Fourth I00:47:00
am not going to go into the biography I said00:47:01
there are many biographies play like this you00:47:04
can read I remember three that are00:47:07
classic works for the substance they have and00:47:09
for the solidity of their authors one is that00:47:12
of walls00:47:14
another Isabella the Catholic' by the00:47:18
English historian Hispanist Walls then we have00:47:22
a second very important work is00:47:25
Isabella the Catholic' by00:47:27
Azcona Spanish Capuchin friar00:47:32
published in La Vaca a very solid work00:47:34
very documentary very wordy00:47:37
and then we have the00:47:41
most recently written biography The others00:47:44
are not classic works of the 20th century. The00:47:46
latter was published in00:47:48
approximately 2003 or 2004. Isabella the00:47:52
Catholic is the queen of the great00:47:55
Spanish historian Luis Suárez Fernández00:48:00
and we can go and learn to know00:48:04
the main lines of the biography of00:48:07
Isabella the Catholic.00:48:12
What I00:48:14
wanted to point out is that Isabel no p00:48:17
as heir to Juan according to Henry00:48:20
after the government of the rich fourth of the00:48:22
reign Henry the Fourth, an00:48:24
extremely problematic reign with00:48:28
internal struggles in the Castilian monarchy00:48:30
between factions of the high aristocracy00:48:32
of the kingdom00:48:34
and Isabel's work00:48:38
will consist in00:48:41
pacifying the kingdom of Castile and00:48:43
pacifying it fundamentally through00:48:46
justice,00:48:53
rigorously and courageously applying00:48:57
the laws of the kingdom, the royal authority00:49:04
and always trying to respect the00:49:06
rights of each person00:49:09
but putting each person in their place, the00:49:11
work of internet justice, of00:49:16
course. They are also very00:49:18
important undertakings of the reign of Isabella the00:49:20
Catholic,00:49:21
the00:49:24
technical reform, the reform of the church and which will have00:49:27
the invaluable support of00:49:31
Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros,00:49:38
the00:49:42
culmination of the reconquest00:49:45
in which she will have the fundamental support00:49:47
of her consort with Fernando de Aragón.00:49:51
That led to the conquest of the kingdom00:49:54
of Granada, the last Muslim bastion in00:49:58
Spain. It00:50:04
is also00:50:09
another fundamental aspect of his reign.00:50:12
The beginning of the00:50:15
discovery and conquest of the sites.00:50:23
I have talked about things that are all00:50:25
linked to the crown of Castile. If00:50:28
ecclesiastical reform,00:50:31
discovery and conquest. of America00:50:34
pacification of the crown00:50:37
through a series of00:50:39
legislative measures and00:50:43
government actions that, as I said, will try to00:50:46
establish order by making everyone00:50:49
occupy their rightful place00:50:52
in that order.00:50:54
There are measures such as the creation of the holy00:50:57
brotherhood00:51:00
expulsion of the Jews due to the00:51:03
long process already for that time of the00:51:08
Judas before that they were the Jews00:51:11
apparently converted to00:51:12
Christianity who introduced a00:51:16
dissolving factor in social life00:51:20
through a deceptive attitude00:51:22
that is to say of being Christians in00:51:25
appearance but not in In reality,00:51:33
all the great ones that I am making a very00:51:36
brief review, very tight to00:51:38
remember to simply bring to mind00:51:39
fundamental aspects of Isabel's reign,00:51:48
that reign is a joint reign to the00:51:50
extent that she reigns together with the00:51:53
king consort of Castile, Ferdinand00:51:57
as well as her. occupies the place of queen00:52:00
consort in Aragon fernando occupies the00:52:03
place of king consort in castile00:52:05
although the situations are not symmetrical00:52:08
we would say because00:52:11
[Music]00:52:15
the participation of fernando neuronal00:52:17
castilla is going to be more important than that00:52:19
of isabel in the Aragonese monarchy by00:52:22
virtue of that the institutions of00:52:24
both brands establish it this way and by virtue00:52:25
of the fact that it is a man and a woman00:52:30
and00:52:32
the presence of the king consort in00:52:36
Castile is a more important presence00:52:39
than the presence of the queen consort in00:52:43
Aragon, which00:52:46
said, yes. I remember that each00:52:49
of these is the king who owns his00:52:51
kingdom. It is clear to say Fernando reigns in00:52:55
Aragon and Isabella reigns in the castle,00:53:01
but she herself recognizes in her letters and00:53:05
finally in her will00:53:09
the extensive collaboration that00:53:11
the king has given to her husband. Fernando00:53:15
in his government activity,00:53:19
the text I am going to take as a guide, in the00:53:21
case of Isabel, this is precisely her00:53:26
testament with the col and yes, it is an00:53:29
extensive document and you are00:53:31
all the pages that I have here, far00:53:35
away is the possibility of reading it. and00:53:37
analyze it completely but only00:53:39
some paragraphs of the will but00:53:42
Isabel's will is a00:53:43
very important document first because of the00:53:45
longest text that we have written by her00:53:49
what we have are some letters,00:53:53
not many, a few letters,00:53:56
handwritten by Isabel are preserved,00:53:58
others dictated by her and with her handwritten signature,00:54:03
which is the most common, there are a very few00:54:06
that are handwritten, that is, written by00:54:08
herself,00:54:09
normally the king or queen dictates that they00:54:12
do their correspondence and after00:54:14
signing it00:54:19
with some of those letters to their00:54:21
confessors because speaking of Talavera00:54:26
To Fray Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros,00:54:35
this is not00:54:37
something that is striking to us,00:54:40
even if it were the00:54:43
usual custom of that time, but we are00:54:45
not saying that they address each other in the00:54:48
heading of their letters,00:54:51
not each other,00:54:53
under the title of my lord and madam. mine00:54:58
and that is what they call00:55:05
the00:55:06
will, as I have said, it is the00:55:09
longest document that we have coming from the mind00:55:12
of the spirit of Isabel the Catholic and00:55:15
as a will it is at the same time a00:55:17
document of a private and public order00:55:19
but more public than private because of the The00:55:21
king's will was a00:55:23
public law document00:55:26
that regulated, among other things, the00:55:28
succession,00:55:29
so it was not a00:55:33
private will like that of any subject of00:55:36
the crown but a public law document.00:55:43
The will was dictated in Medina del00:55:45
Campo de Isabel. October 12, 150400:55:51
and to this will a codicil is later added,00:55:58
granted in the middle of the field on00:56:01
November 23, 1504.00:56:09
The document begins thus00:56:16
in the name of Almighty God, Father00:56:18
and Son and Holy Spirit, three persons,00:56:21
a divine essence, creator and00:56:23
universal governor of the heaven and earth and00:56:25
all things visible and invisible00:56:28
and of the glorious virgin mary her mother00:56:30
queen of heaven and lady of the00:56:32
angels our lady and lawyer and of00:56:34
that very excellent prince of the00:56:36
church and angelic chivalry saint00:56:37
michael and of the glorious his00:56:41
heavenly messenger angel sanz grabriel the honor00:56:44
of all the saints of the court00:56:46
of heaven especially of that very00:56:48
holy precursor and preacher of our00:56:50
redeemer Jesus Christ Saint John the Baptist and00:56:52
of the very blessed princes of00:56:54
the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul with00:56:56
all the other apostles00:56:57
especially of the very blessed Saint00:57:00
John the Evangelist, beloved disciple of00:57:02
our Lord Jesus Christ and great00:57:05
and careful eagle to whom his very high00:57:08
mysteries and secrets were very highly00:57:10
revealed and by his special son he saw his very00:57:14
glorious mother at the time of his holy00:57:16
passion. very strongly entrusting00:57:18
the virgin to the virgin whom holy00:57:22
evangelists or I have as my00:57:23
special advocate in this present life and who serves00:57:27
but to have at the hour of my death and in00:57:30
that very terrible judgment and this its00:57:33
terrible examination against the powerful when my00:57:36
soul is presented before the royal chair and00:57:38
throne of the very just and00:57:40
very equal sovereign judge who, according to our00:57:42
merits, must judge us all00:57:44
in one00:57:46
with the blessed and worthy brothers,00:57:48
used the apostle James, singular and00:57:51
excellent father and patron of these my00:57:54
kingdoms and very wonderful and00:57:56
mercifully given to those by00:57:58
our Lord because he is the00:57:59
guardian and protector00:58:02
and with the patriarch confessor traffic of00:58:04
the poor and wonderful alters of00:58:06
our Lord Jesus Christ our father00:58:08
but very beloved and special lawyer San00:58:10
Francisco with the glorious confessors00:58:12
great friends of our Lord Saint00:58:14
Jerome, glorious doctor and Saint Dominic,00:58:16
who shone like evening stars in00:58:19
the western parts00:58:20
of Misrata and us on the eve of the end00:58:22
of the world, in which00:58:25
I have special devotion to each one of them, and with00:58:27
the welcome of Saint Mary Magdalene, to00:58:29
whom I also maintain for my lawyer00:58:31
because just as it is certain that we must00:58:33
die, it is not certain when or00:58:36
where we will die, so we must00:58:39
live and thus be prepared as if at00:58:41
every hour we were going to die00:58:44
[Music]00:58:46
this is the introduction of the testament00:58:48
the beautiful invocation that begins with00:58:51
the holy trinity and then goes00:58:53
through00:58:56
the names of the dens ancient virgin00:58:58
mary00:59:02
miguel gabriel00:59:05
samper and saint paul and then stops00:59:08
at length on two figures00:59:16
whom he invokes as patrons personal use00:59:18
that saint john evangelism00:59:22
let us remember that in the arm of the00:59:24
Catholics,00:59:26
the coat of arms appears with the00:59:30
caudal eagle as a background, which represents, we are with00:59:33
the evangelist,00:59:36
the crossed coat of arms of the00:59:38
Castilian-Leonese monarchy and the Aragonese monarchy,00:59:44
a quartered shield that has in the00:59:47
first and fourth partitions00:59:51
the arms of Castile and León and in the00:59:53
second and in the third the souls of00:59:56
Aragon and of Physics01:00:00
the kingdom of Sicily and Naples01:00:04
he01:00:06
and then at the tip the01:00:09
pomegranate will be added that represents the recently01:00:11
conquered kingdom of Granada title that is01:00:13
added to the entire title that I said of01:00:15
Isabel the catholic at the beginning but let01:00:17
me forget the queen of granada01:00:20
that she acquires after the conquest01:00:23
of01:00:26
the homonymous kingdom01:00:32
that eagle of saint john presents us with a01:00:36
very interesting aspect because she01:00:38
mentions saint john as01:00:42
the beloved disciple01:00:45
of the front her christ and eagle wealth and01:00:48
care to whom he revealed his very high mysteries01:00:52
and secrets very highly and for his01:00:55
special son to his very glorious mother01:00:57
he gave at the time of his holy passion those01:01:00
attributes of Saint John that stands out not01:01:02
first that he is the beloved disciple there01:01:05
we enter the waiting for charity01:01:07
precisely not after disguising that01:01:09
the highest mysteries are revealed, that is why01:01:12
the tail eagle that rises in01:01:14
the contemplation of the mysteries of01:01:17
faith is the01:01:20
one who begins his gospel from the01:01:21
highest in the beginning there was the01:01:24
word and The verb was hair and the01:01:27
verb was01:01:32
After01:01:35
the yellow passion has been given for the son,01:01:40
there is the special protection of the01:01:42
Holy Virgin over Spain01:01:45
and then the other patron appears, the one who01:01:48
invokes with extensive speech that he is01:01:51
Santiago, patron saint of our kingdom, he says01:01:57
linked. to the holy virgin in her01:02:01
manifestation of the pillar of Zaragoza01:02:03
and01:02:05
evangelizer of the lands of01:02:08
Spain01:02:11
in the origins of evangelization01:02:15
Santiago01:02:17
el Mayor01:02:23
and then also especially invokes01:02:26
Saint Francis which has to do with01:02:29
your spirituality because it is app01:02:41
and see In some way, the influence01:02:47
of the importance in01:02:49
Castile of the 15th century, especially the second01:02:51
half of the 15th century, will01:02:53
also be felt in the 16th century, but especially01:02:55
in the 15th, the Franciscan spirituality,01:02:58
the Franciscan mysticism,01:03:02
the reforming exemplarity of the01:03:05
Franciscan order and in the case From Isabel, these01:03:09
things come to her directly through01:03:10
her confessor, Fray Francisco Jiménez de01:03:14
Cisneros,01:03:17
there is a spirit, notice, of poverty of01:03:20
dispossession, a deeply01:03:23
filial spirit of dedication to God01:03:25
[Music]01:03:28
the Holy Mother of God,01:03:31
a spirit of faith, hope and01:03:33
quality.01:03:35
[Applause]01:03:38
for solutions here01:03:42
and the difficulty that she has to face01:03:44
in the trial that awaits her precisely01:03:48
because she has been a ruler,01:03:55
the system is going to take it back then01:04:02
there are a series of very01:04:03
important provisions in it with the spirit of01:04:05
justice precisely for example the01:04:08
mandate to01:04:10
settle all the debts that I left01:04:18
thus01:04:22
the mandate to bury his body in the01:04:25
Franciscan chapel in Granadas01:04:34
the mandate to01:04:39
suppress certain01:04:41
unjust privileges that I had already01:04:43
managed to01:04:44
completely remove01:04:49
this in relation to the clever cracy that01:04:51
is loved mainly01:04:56
even the mandate of debts that01:04:59
her father Don Juan had left'01:05:02
[Music]01:05:03
and that as the01:05:05
document is a text of public law01:05:07
that they call mandates that have to do01:05:10
with the government01:05:12
things that she intended to fulfill but01:05:14
that is in the face of the imminence of death01:05:15
once he cannot finish fulfilling and01:05:18
the testamentary mandate begins so01:05:20
that this is so that his01:05:23
testamentary executors ensure the fulfillment01:05:25
of these wills01:05:27
[Music]01:05:32
testamentary executors towards the01:05:35
end of the will and in the01:05:38
first two that he names are don Fernando the01:05:41
Catholic, her husband, and Cardinal01:05:44
Cisneros, the Bishop of Toledo,01:05:54
and well, the other paragraph that says like this, and01:05:57
first, I entrust my spirit into the01:05:59
hands of our Lord Jesus Christ,01:06:02
who redeemed from nothing what I and by his01:06:05
most precious blood redeemed and placed01:06:09
for me on the cross entrusted his own into the01:06:11
hands of his eternal father to whom I01:06:13
confess and know that I owe everything for01:06:17
the many and immense01:06:18
general benefits that he has done to all human lineage and01:06:22
to me as a small individual of him01:06:25
and for the many and singular01:06:28
particular benefits that I am unworthy and a01:06:31
sinner after her infinite goodness and01:06:34
ineffable generosity in many ways at01:06:36
all times I have received and every day01:06:38
I receive here we have a01:06:42
fundamental aspect of the virtue of the Castilian queen01:06:48
equal to manifesting her deep01:06:50
spirit of faith and love goodbye also01:06:55
hey love in this recognition of01:06:59
Jesus Christ as her creator and her redeemer01:07:04
but also an attitude of profound01:07:05
humility Greeks but humility not01:07:08
feigned but true when she01:07:11
recognizes herself head is a queen01:07:13
but that she is a queen she is a human creature01:07:18
[Music]01:07:19
a daughter of Adam01:07:20
[Music]01:07:23
and that is why he says01:07:27
the sign is recognized with a small01:07:29
individual of the human lineage01:07:32
who has received immense benefits from God01:07:41
because because he deserves them he01:07:43
has not received them from his infinite goodness and01:07:46
ineffable wealth because At the same01:07:50
time that she recognizes herself as a small01:07:52
individual, she recognizes herself as unworthy and01:07:55
sinful of the benefits she has01:07:58
received01:08:02
[Applause] of01:08:04
which I know that01:08:06
my tongue is not enough to tell nor my weak01:08:09
strength to thank him,01:08:11
let alone a strong woman before He and there is01:08:14
talk of his weak strength but it is01:08:16
precisely01:08:19
ming and we can expand that no human being01:08:22
can be strong unless he knows his01:08:25
weakness his lack of strength because as01:08:28
I have said strength in the01:08:30
Christian sense is01:08:32
living from the grace of God is the01:08:35
strength of faith of hope of01:08:37
charity is the strength of humility01:08:39
root of all moral virtue01:08:46
which I know that my tongue is not enough to01:08:48
tell any weak strength to see them01:08:50
nor even as the least of them deserves to01:08:53
be I do not have the strength to even thank01:08:56
Sufficiently you are saying, not all01:08:58
the benefits that God has given me, I have01:09:00
the strength to please, to thank God01:09:02
as it deserves, I01:09:05
beseech his infinite mercy to01:09:08
receive my confession of those texts,01:09:10
benefits and good will, and for01:09:13
those bowels of his mercy in01:09:15
which He visited us by being born from above and by01:09:19
his very holy incarnation in activity and01:09:21
passion and death and resurrection and01:09:23
ascension and advent of the01:09:25
holy spirit for this and for all the others01:09:27
are very holy mysteries he begs you not to01:09:30
enter into judgment with his servant but do01:09:33
with me according to that great mercy01:09:34
of his and put his death and passion between his01:09:38
ideal judgment01:09:41
and if no one before him can justify himself01:09:43
even less01:09:44
[Music]01:09:45
those of us who have to account for great kingdoms and states01:09:51
here comes the topic of the special01:09:53
difficulty of the judgment for She does not reign,01:09:58
and if no one before him can be justified,01:10:00
even less so, those of us in great kingdoms and01:10:02
states have to account for01:10:05
the01:10:07
very excellent merits of his glorious01:10:10
mother and of his saints, my01:10:11
devotees and lawyers, to intervene for me before his clemency.01:10:15
my devoted and special01:10:17
patrons and holy lawyers previously01:10:19
named with the aforementioned01:10:21
minty Vienna, prince of the01:10:23
angelic chivalry, the archangel Saint Michael, who01:10:25
wants my soul to receive and protect and01:10:27
defend from that beast with a cruel and01:10:29
ancient serpent that will then want to01:10:32
swallow me and not I leave it until by the01:10:34
mercy of our Lord it is01:10:37
placed in the glory chalk so that it is01:10:39
paid for and we finish to make01:10:41
hope the third fundamental theological virtue01:10:43
in this entire testament01:10:46
faith appears charity appears and here01:10:49
firm hope appeared not in what01:10:52
By the grace of Christ, by the merits01:10:55
of his passion, his death, his01:10:57
resurrection, his sensation and the01:10:59
life of the Holy Spirit, and by the01:11:01
intercession of the blessed Virgin Mary and01:11:03
all her saints and devoted patrons,01:11:07
God will not allow us to go. Let the evil01:11:11
enemy swallow her soul but rather01:11:14
take her to the glory for which she was01:11:15
created.01:11:19
Here we have an entry into the spirit of01:11:23
Isabella the Catholic, from which she emanates in01:11:25
all her works as a queen. You01:11:28
cannot understand this strong woman.01:11:31
But from here it is said that she is a woman of01:11:34
faith, hope and charity.01:11:45
In the will, the01:11:47
successor body also appears, to which you have thus hastened01:11:50
Isabel's prudence, both in the01:11:52
will and in the codex, the01:11:54
circumstances will be especially01:11:55
difficult because01:12:02
before the testament the firstborn had died,01:12:05
the infanta Isabel named after her mother01:12:08
and the prince of Asturias the heir to01:12:11
the crown who was the prince game01:12:15
the next the successor girl was the01:12:17
infanta Doña Juana01:12:20
in Isabel I already knew01:12:23
her mental weakness01:12:29
now Juana was married with01:12:31
Philip the Beautiful of Hamburg01:12:35
and Isabel also knew01:12:38
the difficulty that Philip's personality01:12:40
entails01:12:43
in being a consort like hers had been,01:12:48
respectful of the laws of Castile,01:12:54
respectful of her authority as queen and01:12:57
willing to help her01:13:00
in her enterprises01:13:01
with all his capacity as ruler01:13:06
as king of Aragon,01:13:09
that is, in a spirit of mutual love,01:13:12
which is greatly highlighted by Visual Fernández,01:13:16
both in his biography of Isabella the01:13:18
Catholic and in an article01:13:23
he wrote that is a comment on the01:13:24
will of Isabella the Catholic.01:13:27
It is worth commenting on the treatment01:13:29
Many Suárez Fernández highlights01:13:32
the deep love between the two royal consorts.01:13:37
He disqualifies the idea that it was01:13:40
a romantic marriage in which such a01:13:42
thing is not even anachronistic to think that it01:13:44
is not an agreed upon marriage due to the01:13:47
political importance that the agreement had,01:13:52
but he says very bien suárez fernández who01:13:55
come to esteem and love each other01:13:56
deeply throughout their01:13:58
marriage01:13:59
with an active and authentic deep love01:14:03
not as true cooperators in the01:14:06
work of the Christian government of their01:14:08
lay people01:14:09
in the case of felipe raised01:14:11
very different angles01:14:13
then what he does in01:14:16
Isabel's will with great caution01:14:19
is at the same time guaranteeing and respecting01:14:23
the right of Juana's line of succession,01:14:26
but warning01:14:30
that in the event that she did not01:14:33
want or could not assume her01:14:37
duties,01:14:43
not to me as consort but to her father Fernando01:14:50
in such a way that one notices there is a01:14:53
profound01:14:55
intelligence of the circumstances not in01:14:58
order to respect the rights of all01:15:00
but at the same time save the cause of01:15:03
justice and the good of the kingdom01:15:09
because he also says and puts as01:15:13
his will that the functions of the Monarchy01:15:16
must be granted exclusively to01:15:18
members of the Castilian aristocracy01:15:20
Campos Felipe came with his entire01:15:23
foreign court01:15:25
and this is what Isabel tries to prevent not01:15:28
that a non-Castilian civil servant occupies01:15:31
the privileged positions of the01:15:33
Castilian monarchy01:15:36
well01:15:40
there is prudence also01:15:43
there is no trait of Isabel's strength and01:15:46
temperance are even proverbial, we01:15:49
would say I'm going to see if some some01:15:51
appreciations and these two contemporaries01:15:53
her two chroniclers practically01:15:55
contemporaries of Isabel01:16:01
among whom stand out, for example, the01:16:04
command of the thumb01:16:07
or the Italians Marineo Siculus and Peter01:16:11
Martyr of anglery01:16:15
these commentators highlight Isabelle01:16:19
first of all01:16:21
a stability in iron01:16:24
and that temperance has two aspects01:16:27
on the one hand01:16:30
the01:16:31
praise with a chaste queen01:16:34
throughout her life01:16:38
before being queen and then also01:16:40
being queen they extraordinarily exalt01:16:43
her chastity perhaps in contrast to the01:16:45
quite vicious atmosphere of the reign01:16:47
of Henry 4,01:16:50
but the chroniclers emphasize01:16:53
this notably.01:16:56
We have heard her speak of the apostle01:17:01
Pilsen given as a son to the virgin mother.01:17:08
There is no very high value of01:17:10
Christianity and the Christian spirit,01:17:14
but they highlight another aspect. of01:17:16
temperance and it is her01:17:20
calmness and her calm in all01:17:23
situations, even in the most difficult ones, and01:17:26
above all, when it came to demonstrating, she01:17:30
never raised her voice, she was never01:17:34
seen to be upset, she01:17:37
never lost her temper,01:17:40
and Spanish is not what01:17:44
that is in bullfighting. What is called01:17:47
temperance is that calmness,01:17:51
what is containment, is not01:17:55
letting oneself be carried away by any kind of01:17:58
passion, but rather containing oneself and from that01:18:02
containment,01:18:03
thinking, doing, speaking, is a01:18:08
typically Castilian virtue,01:18:12
that would be, we would say, not that it is not01:18:17
temperamental,01:18:18
but that it is a virtue, that is, it is the result of01:18:21
an effort to01:18:24
manage the passions01:18:29
and to live in the strength of the01:18:33
exercise of01:18:35
will to moderate the passions and01:18:40
not let them disturb or disassociate in01:18:43
the mind, that is to say, that of this use01:18:45
that they unbalance it01:18:48
that they remove it01:18:49
from his straight path or make him prone to01:18:54
excesses or disorders or01:18:58
lack of01:19:01
balance01:19:04
and that is a virtue that everyone also highlights01:19:06
in the Castilian queen,01:19:13
and there is01:19:15
also talk of her strength when it comes to,01:19:19
for example, making authority respected.01:19:22
recorded in Castile there was all that01:19:28
intense and passionate defense of01:19:31
each person's privileges, it01:19:34
is the other side of the spirit of01:19:36
justice that announces the games. They say01:19:38
that01:19:40
defending one's own right even by force01:19:43
is a right but this01:19:47
can easily unbalance given the01:19:49
selfishness of the master's children01:19:53
then01:19:55
face and you know he will see you in01:19:57
situations like for example the mayor01:19:59
of some city in the case of Segovia I think if I01:20:02
remember correctly I tell him that he01:20:05
cannot enter through the door that he already intends to enter01:20:07
because that is what he will have to01:20:09
ask for. permission to the city council to01:20:12
grant it to her and then Isabel01:20:15
answers energetically that this is the01:20:18
queen of Castile and that in the city of01:20:20
Segovia her life is hers and that she is going to01:20:21
enter through the door that her will01:20:24
dictates until she says there is a strength01:20:26
to make royal authority present01:20:30
in a context in which it is quite01:20:32
blurred precisely because of that01:20:34
spirit of defense of one's own01:20:35
prerogatives that may have its01:20:37
healthy side but which also has its vicious aspect01:20:41
and in the castile in which Isabel stands01:20:44
and it is to reign that01:20:46
the vicious aspect is widely01:20:48
unleashed until reaching the struggles01:20:50
of aristocratic factions for power01:20:53
and where01:20:55
pettiness and selfishness prevail much more than the sense01:20:57
of justice.01:21:01
This is also the introduction to what01:21:03
could be a long exposition but01:21:06
until Here I am going to arrive with the figure of01:21:09
Isabel of Castile01:21:20
to not also eat words but01:21:22
with views and I am going01:21:25
to read01:21:27
a topic that would be for another conference,01:21:30
but01:21:31
in the codis kilo01:21:35
ah01:21:37
to her testament01:21:41
Isabel the Catholic'01:21:46
[Music]01:21:51
ago special allusion01:21:57
to the theme01:21:59
of the lands beyond the ocean sea01:22:04
that have been discovered and to those who01:22:07
inhabit them and I said this01:22:12
regarding the time that the01:22:18
islands and mainland of the ocean sea01:22:22
discovered and to be discovered were granted to us by the Holy Apostolic See01:22:24
Our main intention was here01:22:36
among their people and01:22:38
converting them to the terrible Catholic faith and01:22:41
sending to the islands and mainland01:22:44
prelates and religious and clerics and other01:22:47
learned and God-fearing people to01:22:51
instruct the neighbors and inhabitants of01:22:53
them in the Catholic faith and teach and01:22:56
indoctrinate them in good customs and put01:22:59
due diligence into it as more01:23:01
fully in the letters of the said01:23:03
concession is contained here the01:23:06
theme of the primarily01:23:10
evangelizing purpose of the conquest of means appears01:23:13
that is very clear in the will01:23:17
the well-known of the will, the testament01:23:19
of twenty-one paragraphs on this matter but the01:23:20
codex does not expand it with this, that I am01:23:22
in the center.01:23:28
Notice that here is a01:23:30
militant and apostolic date to which the01:23:32
truth is manifested01:23:34
that government according to the laws of God gives01:23:39
rise to the fact that now a protection of01:23:42
the faith towards peoples who have never01:23:44
known it yet and therefore to those who01:23:47
inhabit these islands beyond the01:23:49
ocean sea or these solid lands beyond01:23:53
the sea,01:23:55
what do we have to01:23:58
transmit to them the light of revealed truth?01:24:01
light of salvation that comes from01:24:04
Jesus Christ, that is, faith in the01:24:07
gospel,01:24:14
that is why he very affectionately begged the king, my lord,01:24:18
Fernando01:24:21
and incarnating the said princess, my daughter,01:24:25
Doña Juana, and the said prince, her husband,01:24:29
Don Felipe, to do so01:24:31
and comply01:24:34
and that this is their main purpose that this01:24:38
is their main purpose and that they put01:24:42
a lot of diligence into it01:24:45
this is like the king's law it is not understood that they are01:24:48
saying what is the purpose of01:24:50
the entire company the main purpose01:24:57
and they do not even consent to the place01:24:59
that the neighboring Indians and inhabitants of01:25:03
the said Indians and main land won01:25:06
and to be won receive any grievance in01:25:09
their persons or property.01:25:11
Here is the spirit of justice, they do not01:25:16
only require that they be well and fairly01:25:19
treated and if they have received any grievance,01:25:22
they remedy and provide for it. so that nothing is01:25:25
exceeded in anything that by the01:25:28
apostolic letters of the said concession is01:25:30
not anointed, signed with the sacred and01:25:35
mandated01:25:37
this spirit of justice towards the01:25:40
natives of the islands and mainland of01:25:44
the Indies01:25:47
is something that01:25:50
Isabel and Fernando applied it even01:25:53
and with all vigor01:25:55
with01:25:57
and the defeated Moriscos in Granadas.01:26:01
There is an incident that he briefly mentioned01:26:03
and that is that01:26:08
love children who are allowed to01:26:10
withdraw from the conquered kingdom towards01:26:14
Africa to live under the Islamic government01:26:19
crown officials who01:26:21
They accompany them on the journey01:26:23
until they leave them outside the kingdom of01:26:26
Castile, they01:26:27
make them the object of certain injustices, they01:26:33
plunder us and take away the things01:26:36
that01:26:38
Isabel and Fernando are taking, they send justice officials01:26:43
to appraise these other01:26:46
officials and execute them for having01:26:49
committed injustice against those01:26:52
who had been promised01:26:54
a guarantee of security to move to01:26:57
land under Islamic rule01:26:59
[Music]01:27:02
what I want to point out with this is that01:27:04
this mandate to respect people and01:27:06
property is not a01:27:09
demagogic word, it is the expression of a01:27:12
will effective government and doing01:27:15
justice to the case,01:27:19
we have presented our first01:27:21
woman, El Fuerte, who is Isabel the First of01:27:24
Castile,01:27:26
we move on01:27:30
to the second,01:27:33
Doña Teresa de Ahumada.01:27:38
Now we move from the queen to the nun,01:27:40
as you say, for a while,01:27:45
Carmelite nun.01:27:48
Now we have to position ourselves. In another01:27:49
tradition, let01:27:52
us briefly remember that Teresa01:27:55
was born into a normal Ávila family.01:28:02
Her father's family01:28:06
comes from Jewish converts, the01:28:09
Cepedas.01:28:15
Her mother's family is that of the01:28:20
old Castilian smokers.01:28:22
She is going to bear precisely01:28:24
her mother's last name. The presiding Mater Teresa de01:28:26
Ahumada01:28:29
y01:28:32
de Listas in her youth or entering as a01:28:36
nun at the Convent of the Incarnation of01:28:39
Ávila Convent of Carmelite Nuns01:28:45
In this convent she will spend years01:28:48
years in which01:28:51
her main effort will be to01:28:53
develop a life of deep prayer01:28:57
vigorous will encounter enormous01:29:00
obstacles, not only the tests of her01:29:02
physical health but also obstacles of an01:29:05
emotional and even01:29:10
religious nature precisely due to the lack of01:29:15
profound01:29:18
cetys mo that reigns in the monastery of01:29:21
the incarnation01:29:23
and also due to the oversights of some01:29:25
of her confessors01:29:32
and in that process Saint Tereza will01:29:35
discover the vocation to01:29:37
reform herself.01:29:41
We are in the 16th century. Constant01:29:43
right son of Ahumada who lived between 150001:29:45
and 15,581.01:29:49
That spirit of reform,01:29:52
contemporary with the Council of Trent,01:29:56
is an extension of the reform in Castile.01:29:59
which was accessed in the 15th century, let01:30:01
us understand, it is not a new spirit in01:30:04
Castile, it is not a spirit that was born from the01:30:06
council in any way, but it is a01:30:10
spirit that acquires new nuances01:30:12
throughout the historical religious process of the01:30:15
16th century,01:30:19
new nuances such as01:30:21
confrontation with Protestantism,01:30:25
which is a fundamental fact of01:30:26
Christianity at this time,01:30:28
not internally in Spain, but in the01:30:32
Christian world01:30:35
in Spain, to the outbreak of heresy, but01:30:38
at least01:30:41
that is another of the issues that concerns01:30:43
Isabella the Catholic in her will. I01:30:46
briefly go back that01:30:48
The function of the Holy01:30:50
Inquisition is always respected to eliminate from01:30:55
these kingdoms of Castile, says Isabel,01:30:57
all traces of heresy and doctrine01:31:02
contrary to the Holy Faith,01:31:05
that spirit of respect for the Holy Faith.01:31:09
Let us remember that01:31:11
several cities in the Indies will bear01:31:14
that name. the holy faith not only01:31:16
ours holy faith of veracruz there is no01:31:20
santa fe of bogotá01:31:22
in new granada01:31:26
there are various localities that are leaving but01:31:28
when I say the holy faith I want to express01:31:31
that sense that the Hispanic Catholicity has that01:31:33
faith is the root of holiness01:31:37
and that same thing is something holy because it01:31:39
communicates us directly with God. It is a01:31:41
theological virtue. Not altering the faith is doing01:31:48
enormous harm01:31:50
to man and to the common good of social life.01:31:59
Another nuance is in the suffering of01:32:01
new orders or congregations, for01:32:03
example the Jesuits.01:32:05
In that Jones period of incubation of01:32:09
the reform in the spirit of Santa01:32:11
Tereza, the01:32:13
Jesuit fathers who settled in01:32:15
Ávila in the times of her youth and who01:32:19
influenced her01:32:20
deeply in terms of01:32:24
instilling a deeply01:32:27
combative spirit in her will be very important. the interior of the spirit in01:32:30
order to give oneself totally to God01:32:34
that Jesuit activity of radical01:32:37
surrender to the Lord01:32:39
and the fight01:32:41
against the evil one and his forces01:32:45
in a chivalric sense that is in01:32:49
San Ignacio that will climb something01:32:51
castle01:32:54
and is also in Santa Teresa of01:32:56
course01:33:01
and then comes the entire01:33:02
reforming company that withdraws with some01:33:04
nuns from the internment to found a01:33:07
new reformed community in the convent01:33:10
of San José01:33:13
in Avilés, which is the original nucleus01:33:16
of the entire reform of the01:33:18
barefoot Carmelites, the barefoot Carmelites and01:33:20
then the Barefoot Carmelites because the01:33:24
reform establishes that it begins with the nuns01:33:25
but also flows back to the rays of the01:33:28
Carmelite fathers01:33:32
from the foundation well01:33:34
after the first monastery of01:33:36
Carmelite friars in Duruelo,01:33:41
one of the two original members of01:33:44
that small barefoot community will be none01:33:46
other than Friar juan psp say san juan01:33:50
de la cruz01:33:53
he01:33:54
and the entire life of saint teresa01:33:56
reformer founder of the descalces01:33:59
carmelita01:34:01
from the convent of san josé de had01:34:05
begun to radiate the barefoot carmel01:34:07
to other towns in spain and well01:34:09
in those trips of founder that says at the01:34:11
beginning they do not occupy the entire rest of the01:34:13
life of Saint Teresa with different phases,01:34:16
there is a first one, then she is named and01:34:18
now of the incarnation01:34:21
a very large and internally revolted community01:34:26
that did not want the reform in its01:34:29
majority and01:34:33
Saint Teresa of Pri now in a01:34:35
really extremely uncomfortable position01:34:39
to bring order to the monastery and at the01:34:42
same time reform it01:34:46
after the second phase of foundations01:34:49
there is a turning point in01:34:51
the crisis of the Discalced Carmelite Fathers01:34:53
in the imprisonment of Saint01:34:55
Juan de la Cruz not the Euskal heavy01:34:59
against the reform among the friars01:35:05
lawsuit in which the01:35:08
non-reforming Carmelite order will be extremely01:35:11
harsh with those who seek reform and01:35:14
that lawsuit will force the01:35:16
intervention of King Philip the Second who01:35:18
will be the one to save the Teresian reform01:35:21
in the Franks01:35:23
with their direct intervention01:35:27
but01:35:28
for us to locate ourselves in the01:35:30
historical process simply after that01:35:32
crisis comes the last phase of founding01:35:34
nations that culminates with the death of01:35:37
Santander is the last peace is throughout01:35:42
this entire process of reforms andrew01:35:43
defines his literary works also do not01:35:45
suffer his works that are testimonies of01:35:48
his life and his doctrine the book of01:35:50
life01:35:53
the path of perfection01:35:55
the abodes of the interior life01:35:58
the accounts of conscience the01:36:01
exclamations a very extensive epistolary01:36:05
the foundations01:36:08
books of the foundations01:36:10
and their poems01:36:17
and a brief prior technique just as01:36:20
Isabel belongs to the tradition01:36:24
of the Castilian monarchy01:36:29
you have the digestion of a01:36:30
Carmelite nun and that there is a01:36:33
Carmelite tradition of course if we do not01:36:37
briefly remember that the order of01:36:40
the hermits of Mount Carmel was born at the01:36:43
end of the 12th century in Palestine' on01:36:47
Mount Carmel01:36:48
when Blessed Berthold01:36:51
and a few companions retired01:36:55
to Mount Carmel01:36:58
under01:37:00
the patriarchal guidance and presence of the01:37:03
Prophet Lines01:37:06
retired to Mount Carmel to live01:37:09
as hermits01:37:12
a few years later. entry of the 13th century,01:37:17
Saint Albert Patriarch of Jerusalem01:37:19
gives them a rule and that is the primitive rule01:37:23
of the hermits of Mount Carmel. The01:37:26
Christian reform, like all reforms in01:37:29
the life of religious communities,01:37:31
aims to return to the01:37:35
original primitive vigor of the01:37:38
founding rule in this case the rule of Saint01:37:42
Albert01:37:46
I do not follow this rule01:37:49
discover things like these it is true01:37:52
Alberto by the grace of God titled01:37:54
patriarch of Jerusalem to the beloved01:37:56
children in Christ Bertoldo and the other01:37:59
hermits who live under his obedience01:38:01
of Mount Carmel near the source of01:38:03
health in the Lord and the blessing of the01:38:06
Holy Spirit01:38:08
in many places and through many sorrows the01:38:10
holy fathers established the01:38:11
fate of each one, whatever the01:38:13
order to which he belongs or the way of01:38:14
religious life he had chosen to serve01:38:16
in gift of Jesus Christ and serve him01:38:18
faithfully with a pure heart and a good01:38:20
conscience, but since you ask us to01:38:22
make a formula of life appropriate to01:38:24
your common project and to which01:38:25
you must be faithful in the future,01:38:27
we order the first thing that you consider the01:38:29
worst to be one of you chosen01:38:31
for this position. by01:38:33
unanimous consent or of the largest and healthiest part01:38:35
to which each of the others promises01:38:37
obedience and can observe the01:38:39
truth with chastity and01:38:41
abdication of property be the01:38:44
three vows of religious life no01:38:47
and gave me of chastity and then01:38:52
you can have nines in the deserts or01:38:54
wherever you want that they have it suitable and01:38:56
accommodated for the observance of01:38:57
our religion according to the worst I the01:38:59
brothers seem convenient01:39:05
then there are01:39:07
indications with effect to the01:39:08
separate cells because they are years01:39:13
the location of the cell of the Worse,01:39:17
each one will remain in her cell next to01:39:19
her, meditating day and night on the law of the01:39:22
Lord and watching in prayer. If other01:39:24
just tasks do not occupy her,01:39:26
prayer is the main thing. Those who know how to pray the01:39:29
canonical hours with the01:39:31
Greeks will do them according to the ordinations.01:39:32
of the holy fathers and the01:39:34
approved custom of the church, for those who do not01:39:36
know it, they will say the Lord's Prayer at matins 25 times,01:39:39
except on Sundays and01:39:40
solemn holidays during vigils,01:39:42
we determine that the number be doubled01:39:44
before the Lord's prayer is said 50 times.01:39:46
for the uned the01:39:48
same prayer will be said seven times and as many times01:39:50
for each of the other hours outside of01:39:52
the evening services in which01:39:54
you know, that is, 15 times,01:39:57
here is the office of life, that01:40:00
is, those who know Latin01:40:02
means this no01:40:08
and the others supply with the rest and a01:40:11
certain number of father meters01:40:22
from the festival of the exaltation of the01:40:25
cross01:40:26
until the day of the reproduction of01:40:28
Mr. Aznar there are every day01:40:31
except Sundays01:40:33
unless the illness with01:40:35
bodily weakness watt another just cause01:40:37
I advise Calero is one because the01:40:39
entity does not have light or soft, you will have to01:40:42
eat meat unless it is taken as a01:40:43
remedy for illness or weakness01:40:46
and because you frequently have to live01:40:48
on alms while traveling so as not to be burdensome01:40:50
here we but Those who host you01:40:51
will be able to eat outside your homes01:40:53
the vegetables cooked with the meat and in the01:40:55
case of sailing you can also take01:40:57
the meat01:40:59
more because temptations the life of01:41:01
man on the beach all those who01:41:02
want to live their mind in Christ suffer01:41:05
persecution and the devil your adversary01:41:08
softens like a roaring lion looking for01:41:10
someone to devour with all diligence01:41:12
try to dress or is it for the armor of01:41:15
god so that you can dress the01:41:17
snares of the enemy a rule of01:41:20
deeply ascetic mysticism01:41:22
spirit of combat and centered on the01:41:25
life of prayer01:41:26
separated from the world consecrated01:41:29
entirely to God in the solitude of the01:41:31
mountain01:41:33
this is the Carmelite life in its origin01:41:38
that's why when you think of Saint Teresa you01:41:40
don't have to start thinking about01:41:42
travel in outside activity that's it that's01:41:46
not her this is primarily the01:41:50
strong woman who She retreats inside herself01:41:53
to meet God in prayer.01:41:58
Going out as a wanderer along the roads01:42:01
of Castile is a consequence of that. It01:42:03
is not the central thing in her life. It is not the01:42:06
main thing in any way. It is nothing more than01:42:09
a consistent part01:42:11
that gives her goodbye in fidelity is part of01:42:14
his ablation of his sacrifice of his01:42:17
participation in the cross of Christ as01:42:20
I said at the beginning01:42:24
and if I have a reformer sauna one has01:42:26
to be01:42:27
guided fundamentally by the01:42:30
constitutions that they give to the01:42:32
reformed nuns it would be01:42:34
equivalent to their will01:42:37
that organization01:42:40
the barefoot Carmelite nuns01:42:43
songs01:42:46
what they tell them how to concretely live01:42:48
the rule of Saint Albert01:42:52
and one more thing historically01:42:55
because I am a solution to what the reform of01:42:58
Saint Tereza is going to receive on the01:42:59
Carmelite fathers frames let us remember that01:43:03
originally there are no Carmelite nuns01:43:05
is that there is this order of hermits that01:43:08
emerged in Palestine between the end of the century and the01:43:11
beginning of the thirteenth01:43:14
and only of men,01:43:18
the Carmelite nuns only began to decide01:43:21
in the middle of the 15th century, in01:43:26
fact the year following the01:43:28
birth of Isabella the Catholic in 1452, the01:43:32
business began to write the second order01:43:35
of carmel say01:43:37
carmelite nuns01:43:40
that when saint teresa begins her01:43:42
reform01:43:45
the order01:43:47
of female carmel is barely a01:43:52
century old01:43:58
it is recent god if not but the01:44:02
carmelite spirit is not originally a01:44:04
spirit of hermits of male01:44:07
hermits01:44:11
if it does not go to the constitutions outside01:44:13
of the constitutions and what01:44:16
he spoke of dedicated nuns in the01:44:20
cloister praising God01:44:23
in short the constitution chapter 1 of the01:44:26
order that must be had in spiritual things01:44:30
matins are said after01:44:34
nine o'clock01:44:36
and not before or so after that They cannot01:44:40
when they have finished spending a quarter of an01:44:41
hour doing an exam on what they have01:44:43
spent that day,01:44:45
this exam will be colored since the mother01:44:47
prioress will send and read a little a romance01:44:49
in romance of the mystery that has to be01:44:51
thought about another day The time spent on this is so01:44:53
that at01:44:58
11 o'clock they signal with the bell and01:44:59
retire to sleep.01:45:01
This time of examination and prayer they01:45:04
have everyone together in the choir and no01:45:06
sister leaves the choir without permission01:45:07
after it has begun. all services in01:45:10
the summer they get up at 5 and are01:45:12
in prayer until 6 in the winter at01:45:14
6 and until 701:45:16
the prayer lasts until the01:45:18
hours are said until it is not01:45:20
safe if it is not a solemn or holy day01:45:23
that the sisters have particular01:45:24
devotion that they will leave nona to sing01:45:26
before it on01:45:29
Sundays holidays01:45:31
mass and vespers and matins are sung the01:45:33
first days of Easter other days of01:45:35
solemnity they will be able to sing lauds01:45:37
especially on the day of the glorious Saint Joseph01:45:40
the song will never be a point but in01:45:42
equal tone of voices everything is usually01:45:44
prayed and also the mass that the01:45:46
Lord will serve that there is some time left01:45:48
to earn what is necessary01:45:52
and so it continues01:45:55
it will be every Sunday and holidays and01:45:57
days of our lord and our lord is01:45:58
of our parents San Alberto de San01:46:00
José and on other days that the confessor01:46:01
seems in accordance with the devotion and01:46:04
spirit of the sisters with the license of01:46:06
Mother Piedra, they will01:46:07
also take communion on the day of the01:46:09
education of the house01:46:11
[Music]01:46:13
a little before eating to play examination01:46:16
of what they have done until now and01:46:17
the greatest fault they come in if01:46:18
they propose to amend it and say a01:46:21
pater noster so that God will give them grace01:46:23
for it each one where they were without01:46:25
kneeling and do their examination briefly01:46:29
I invite you to study the01:46:31
consciences of the Carmelites, but here we01:46:34
must find the core of01:46:36
Saint Teresa's personality,01:46:41
not the external activity.01:46:43
This is the heart of her life.01:47:01
In the work titled Path of Perfection, we01:47:11
read01:47:22
the following01:47:34
at the beginning of the hour.01:47:41
I plan to give some remedies for the01:47:44
temptations of nuns and the attempt01:47:46
I had to find this house said that01:47:48
it was with the perfection that the01:47:50
being of our very01:47:52
constitution is left behind and the Lord would give me the most to01:47:54
understand how he was understanding and01:47:56
remembering that as no I know what it will be, I01:47:59
cannot say it with certainty and I think it is01:48:01
best not to take him because he is so01:48:03
disconcerted to be so is the Lord01:48:05
put in everything that I did and in his hands01:48:07
so that it goes according to his will01:48:09
because these are my wishes Always, although01:48:13
the leftovers are as lacking as I wanted,01:48:19
I know that we lack the love and desire in me01:48:20
to help in whatever way I could so that01:48:22
the souls of my sisters go far01:48:23
forward in the service of the Lord and this01:48:25
love along with the years and experiences01:48:28
What I have from some monasteries could01:48:30
be used to be more accurate in01:48:33
small things than the lawyers who, because they01:48:35
have more important occupations and are01:48:37
strong men, do not pay as much attention to01:48:39
things that in themselves do not seem at01:48:41
all to be as weak as we01:48:43
women are. It can harm all of us because the01:48:46
subtleties are many of the devil for01:48:48
the very closed ones that to defeat him it is01:48:50
necessary to take advantage of new weapons01:48:52
to harm me as a villain I know how to01:48:55
defend badly and so it is Carmen you are in01:48:58
my sisters in me do not throw things that in01:49:01
me or In others I do not have it by01:49:03
experience or give it in prayer to01:49:05
understand by the Lord01:49:12
of the path of perfection not01:49:15
all the reforms for that to01:49:18
develop the life of baptized as01:49:20
a life of01:49:22
perfection in order to belong01:49:26
entirely to God to live in union with01:49:30
God to reach the most perfect union01:49:33
possible with him in this world01:49:37
and that is the path of prayer and01:49:39
mortification on which Teresa invites01:49:42
her sisters and tells them about her01:49:45
experience she says as a skinny woman one hundred01:49:48
and three how to capture again, the01:49:49
recognition of weakness is not01:49:51
true strength because01:49:53
humility is not God who does works in01:49:56
it,01:49:57
whatever it is, you put desire and love,01:50:02
but the works that come out say how much they01:50:04
come out of it, as he says,01:50:08
they are as faulty as I am, he01:50:12
says.01:50:14
They are deprived of perfection as it is I01:50:18
who give them perfection from God who is the one01:50:22
who makes weakness the strength01:50:27
of smallness great01:50:40
just as I associate the figure of Isabella the01:50:43
Catholic with the theological and01:50:45
moral virtues I want to associate Saint Teresa01:50:47
with the01:50:50
creed01:50:52
with the central mysteries of faith01:50:55
the other part of this catechesis science01:50:58
and I am going to begin with01:51:00
some passages of Saint Tereza01:51:03
related01:51:06
to the Holy Trinity01:51:09
but01:51:10
as an introduction I am going to read an01:51:12
exclamation of Saint Tereza01:51:18
to those who dare in this line of the path of01:51:22
perfection in that all the01:51:24
spirit of reform is inscribed01:51:30
in the exclamations were published01:51:32
by a sport fair, says León01:51:35
and the first of his claims helps01:51:37
the absence of God,01:51:39
life01:51:41
as it can support that being absent01:51:44
from your life01:51:46
in so much loneliness worries you employ what you01:51:50
do because all your works are01:51:51
imperfect and faults that console you,01:51:54
my soul in this stormy sea, I01:51:57
have pity for myself and greater than the time01:52:01
that I did not live hurt,01:52:03
oh lord, your paths are gentle,01:52:06
but whoever walks without fear, we must01:52:09
be without serving you and when I am going to01:52:11
serve you our thing that satisfies me01:52:14
to pay something of what I owe, it seems01:52:17
that I wanted to spend everything on this and01:52:19
when I carefully considered my misery I see that01:52:21
I cannot do anything that is good if01:52:23
you do not give it to me01:52:25
oh my God, my mercy, what will I do so01:52:28
that Let me not undo the great things that01:52:30
you do to me, your works are01:52:33
holy, they are just, they are of inestimable01:52:35
value and with great wisdom because it gives the same01:52:38
softpaws gentlemen without necessary without it01:52:41
my understanding takes care of complaints of the01:52:43
will because I would like no one to be01:52:45
stubborn and love you because no can01:52:47
understand in such great greatnesses01:52:49
reach who is their god and desires to01:52:51
enjoy it and does not see how put in prison as01:52:53
painful as this mortality everything01:52:56
hinders her although first she was helped in the01:52:59
consideration of our greatness01:53:00
where my innumerable beauties are better roasted so01:53:04
that Having said this, my God, to whom do I01:53:06
complain, who hears me, if not you, father, who01:53:09
has slept, then to understand my01:53:11
pain, what need do I have to speak, because01:53:13
I see so clearly that you are within01:53:15
me, this is my mistake, oh my God,01:53:17
how can you know? It is true that I am not01:53:20
separated from my voice or my life, which makes me01:53:23
live with so little security of01:53:25
such important things.01:53:39
You can get it out by01:53:41
hoping that it is content in every god,01:53:43
it is such an uncertain scene of danger01:53:49
[Music]01:53:52
but in the face of this deep01:53:55
inner restlessness that is that of the soul that01:53:57
is, as she says,01:54:00
the dear one, not01:54:02
hurt by the wound of love and01:54:05
wants nothing more than to live loving to God but he01:54:08
is not sure that he is doing it01:54:13
and that is why I feel sorry for myself and01:54:16
more than the time that I did not live hurt01:54:21
but in the text the01:54:24
vigorous certainty that comes from faith appears and here where01:54:26
we enter the01:54:30
redeeming creed, merciful and just judge It is01:54:33
called the third exclamation, which is01:54:35
all centered on the contemplation01:54:37
of Christ as redeemer,01:54:41
considering the glory that you have,01:54:43
my God, in store for those who persevere in01:54:45
doing your will and with how much01:54:46
work and pain your son earned it01:54:48
and how badly we deserved it and How01:54:50
much it deserves not to be thanked for01:54:52
the greatness of love that has01:54:55
taught us so hard to love, my01:54:57
soul is greatly afflicted as it is possible,01:55:00
Lord, forget all this that01:55:02
mortals are forgotten about you01:55:04
when they are offended or redemptive measure how01:55:07
forgotten they forget themselves and that01:55:10
your goodness is so great that then01:55:11
you remember our voice and that having01:55:13
fallen due to wounds the voice of a forgotten mortal blow01:55:15
this makes us jce to shake01:55:18
hands and you wake up from such an01:55:20
incurable frenzy so that we can try and help you Let01:55:22
us ask for health, Blessed be the Lord,01:55:25
Blessed be such great mercy and Praise01:55:27
be forever for those who have been tempted by piety.01:55:35
Let us begin01:55:37
by elevating ourselves to the mystery of01:55:39
activity in Saint Teresa.01:55:56
Augustine only knows how to say how it was01:56:00
given to me to understand and almost to see,01:56:02
but that it was an intellectual thing and that it happened01:56:05
quickly as the three persons of the01:56:09
holy trinity that I carry in my01:56:11
soul sculpted are one thing by01:56:15
such a strange painting that was given to me. understand01:56:18
and by a light so clear that it has done a01:56:21
very different operation that from just01:56:24
having it by faith I have been left from here to not being01:56:27
able to think of any of the three01:56:29
divine persons without understanding that they are01:56:30
all three in the way that I was and01:56:35
considering as being so one thing01:56:39
had taken on human flesh, the son only01:56:41
gave me the Lord to understand what it is like to01:56:44
be a thing, as with being a thing, they were01:56:49
badges,01:56:50
and he taught me to be, as with being a01:56:52
thing, they were badges, they are greatnesses that01:56:56
again said the soul of get out of this01:56:58
pregnancy that the body makes for new01:57:00
squirrels that, although it seems, are not for01:57:03
our lowness, understand something about them01:57:05
that gives a gain to the soul by passing01:57:07
at a point without major comparison and with01:57:10
many years of meditation and without knowing how to01:57:13
understand,01:57:15
here it is speaking of a gift of01:57:17
supposedly mystical infused contemplation01:57:19
of the mystery of the activity of01:57:22
which remains a01:57:24
rigorously supernatural intelligence of the truth01:57:28
of the three persons who are one and the01:57:30
same substance with total certainty01:57:33
but without being01:57:35
able to explain what the fruit is like. of a01:57:37
human meditation is the fruit of a gift01:57:39
of contemplation01:57:45
in this contemplation the01:57:48
central domiciles of faith appear that01:57:49
articulate the entire creed not the trinity01:57:51
of the verb01:58:01
another step of solitude is found in the01:58:03
book of life chapter 39 number 2501:58:06
being a once praying the psalm of kwik01:58:09
a bastard that is in the age it is not a01:58:12
psalm but01:58:13
the symbol01:58:15
that dominates so towards what was prayed in01:58:20
cousins on Sundays01:58:23
at the prime time all the same thing was01:58:26
given to me to understand the way01:58:29
obviously That this is a profession of01:58:31
faith that begins with a long confession01:58:34
of the mystery of the triad01:58:36
is not directly associated with what is01:58:39
going to be said next.01:58:41
I understand that once I was using01:58:43
Quick's psalm, an egg01:58:45
ok and kunkel, as I said, it was given to me. to01:58:50
understand the way in which there was only one god01:58:52
and three people so clearly that they are01:58:54
scary and just by reading a lot01:58:57
that made me really take the opportunity to learn01:59:00
more about the greatness of God and his wonders01:59:02
and when I think about01:59:07
or when it comes to that of the Holy01:59:09
Trinity01:59:10
it seems I understand01:59:13
and it is of a lot of context01:59:17
here again he speaks of a gift of01:59:19
contemplation that gives him the01:59:21
profound certainty of that mystery from which01:59:24
comes joyful consolation01:59:29
and01:59:32
terror he says also before the01:59:34
greatness of the wonders of the being of01:59:36
God01:59:38
very well01:59:42
this presence of the Trinitarian mystery01:59:44
in the Teresian spirit01:59:49
then takes us to the ministry of the01:59:50
incarnation that we have seen alluded to in01:59:52
the first passage that I read but also in01:59:54
the second exclamation that I began to01:59:57
read with the mystery of Christ the redeemer,01:59:59
true God and true man, but02:00:02
here02:00:03
I am going to introduce them as reading a02:00:05
poem by Saint Teresa that refers to the02:00:08
birth of the redeemer and says like this02:00:11
today a sag comes to redeem02:00:14
our relative hill who is omnipotent god that is why02:00:20
satan has not taken us out of prison more file of blas and02:00:22
mint and deferential or that God is omnipotent,02:00:26
well, yes, he is God, what it is like to come, no, and he dies02:00:29
crucified. You don't see that he killed sin,02:00:32
suffering the innocent Gil, who is God,02:00:34
omnipotent.02:00:42
So poor people, you don't see that he is02:00:46
omnipotent, stop asking02:00:48
those questions, let's try to02:00:51
serve him and then he comes to die, let's die02:00:55
with the sun, then the02:00:57
omnipotents02:00:59
will notice how in this beautiful poem, with02:01:01
a simplicity typical of the music of02:01:05
Castilian popular music,02:01:09
you can be a poetry to sing it yes02:01:14
it is a song of the Castilian popular faith02:01:19
made in the form of a dialogue it has been02:01:21
noted not a dialogue02:01:28
in which the named interlocutor is02:01:31
called gil and the Castilian form of02:01:33
exile02:01:36
a02:01:39
common man and if it is cool Castile that the02:01:40
time02:01:42
because if we said Juan02:01:48
that's the name of anyone02:01:52
yes02:01:55
and this gil seems strange02:01:58
to the reality of being told that the one02:02:02
who is there that child is a song of the02:02:06
nativity this that the newborn child02:02:08
is god and the answer In the02:02:11
chorus with which he responds, he02:02:13
alludes to the fact that divine omnipotence02:02:17
is omnipotent God02:02:19
because if this is not noted, there is this02:02:24
counterpoint that in the poem02:02:27
the background of faith of the non-02:02:41
human poem like us is not understood. Phil is02:02:44
omnipotent God. There is the mystery of the02:02:46
true divinity and the true02:02:49
humanity of our Lord Jesus Christ has02:02:51
said very simply today02:02:53
a boy our relative02:02:56
Hill comes to redeem us who is omnipotent God and these02:02:59
begin Hill's questions that is why he02:03:02
has taken us out as precious a02:03:05
impotent from prison to sad as that is, he02:03:08
has freed us from the prison in which satan02:03:10
had not, he has freed us from the power of the02:03:12
bari02:03:13
of sin and death02:03:17
more file of blas and menga and02:03:20
injuries let us remember the genealogy02:03:24
of the Lord in the gospel of Mateo and02:03:27
how Mateo strives to present02:03:30
blas amen gaiás east in technology02:03:32
that is to say he even makes certain women appear02:03:36
outside the people of God02:03:41
who are placed there02:03:44
what02:03:46
xesús to our relative as Saint02:03:49
Teresa says'02:03:55
mentions the geology ruth the view02:04:00
mentions02:04:04
to the wife of Uriah,02:04:09
from whom David had Salomao,02:04:15
that is to say, he is there02:04:17
alluding to the very serious sin02:04:20
of David and the gray woman,02:04:31
the relative of Blas and Menga, excellent02:04:35
or who is an omnipotent god and good gil,02:04:39
but if he is a god, how is he sold? and very02:04:42
may crucified now comes the other02:04:45
scandal no Christ crucified is a02:04:49
scandal for the Jews02:04:52
invisibility for the Greeks no02:04:56
if he is omnipotent God asks field02:05:00
how he is sold and dies crucified02:05:05
and answers02:05:07
from the interlocutor don't you02:05:11
see that he killed sin02:05:13
suffering the innocent02:05:16
hill precious and powerful that is to say like02:05:20
the one who was sold and died crucified02:05:22
is that he climbed the cross to kill02:05:24
sin he is saying don't you see that02:05:26
God is omnipotent02:05:29
my faith has only been good and a very beautiful02:05:32
saga the02:05:33
question02:05:35
as has wanted to be with such poor02:05:38
people02:05:41
comes to mind and right now and02:05:44
obviously any image of the manger02:05:50
the answer is, don't you see that he is02:05:53
omnipotent,02:05:56
the shelf for people02:06:01
does not take away one iota of his divinity02:06:05
because it does not depend on any human force,02:06:07
it is omnipotence. What appears is not02:06:11
strength, don't02:06:14
look at what02:06:17
health and at the beginning of this conference02:06:18
the magnificat no02:06:22
and there it is said that God dates and power02:06:25
brack I go up02:06:26
disperses 20 super you short that is to say02:06:32
he displayed the power of his arm no02:06:36
how are they translated in Spanish02:06:38
His voice was enhanced and as he says very well,02:06:41
different birds symbolize the names02:06:43
of Christ, the arm of God, it is a name of02:06:47
Christ, he is the 11th because he is the one who02:06:51
executes the will of God in the end, he is02:06:55
the right hand of the almighty02:06:59
and [Music] It02:07:00
is02:07:03
the sovereign force of his omnipotence02:07:05
made flesh02:07:08
and there is the mystery of Christianity.02:07:10
The mystery of being Christian02:07:17
in the case of Saint Teresa is manifested02:07:21
in her stripping herself of everything that02:07:25
the world considers strong02:07:28
because the Carmelite reform of the02:07:30
descalces implies living of02:07:34
perfectly good alms, no longer having02:07:37
any personal possessions,02:07:38
abstaining from all aspects of social life,02:07:43
living cloistered,02:07:45
dedicating everything to collaboration and02:07:48
domestic chores02:07:51
to achieve a spirit of humility and02:07:53
mortification02:07:57
in solitude before God,02:08:02
one is giving up everything that the02:08:03
world considers strong of all02:08:06
the means of worldly power02:08:08
[Music]02:08:11
and that02:08:14
makes her a strong woman in the02:08:15
Christian sense of course with that02:08:17
fruitful force of grace by which she02:08:21
becomes the mother02:08:23
of many and of many throughout the ages. For02:08:26
centuries02:08:29
there are the wonders that God unfolds02:08:30
with his arm because there is02:08:32
involved the strength of the right hand of God,02:08:35
who is Christ Jesus our Lord, a02:08:39
relative02:08:41
of Mint and different, being God02:08:44
omnipotent,02:08:47
leave those questions behind, now he says02:08:49
Hill, let's not02:08:51
look to serve him. Let02:08:54
us serve those questions, let us not stop02:08:57
asking internal questions and02:09:02
then we come to die very pure with the02:09:05
torrent because God is omnipotent and here02:09:09
is the material spirit of the Carmelite reform02:09:13
that died the world is dying it is a02:09:17
death a martyrdom02:09:19
and communist death theresa In some passages02:09:21
of his writings02:09:25
it is a hammer that requires much more02:09:27
strength, sometimes the hammer creates02:09:30
another next very prolonged daily hammer02:09:33
that can last years and02:09:36
years past,02:09:40
it is a permanent constant hammer, a02:09:46
prolonged martyrdom,02:09:52
trinity, incarnation,02:09:56
we have the basis, the structure of the creed,02:09:59
yes. but in Saint Teresa also appears02:10:02
faith in the Holy Church,02:10:03
the Holy Spirit, which is obviously02:10:07
Trinitarian but thinking that it dwells in02:10:09
the Holy02:10:11
Catholic Church. Saint Teresa in this is02:10:14
very clear,02:10:21
one of the nuances that are introduced in02:10:23
the reformism of the 16th century is in02:10:25
relationship with Lutheranism not with02:10:27
Protestantism in general and Saint Teresa02:10:29
speaks of the need for Artest year02:10:32
in the face of the errors of the heretics02:10:34
who profane the mysteries02:10:45
in the church02:10:49
and in the face of that since she offers prayer02:10:51
and penance which is the only What02:10:55
can you offer? I02:10:56
cannot pretend to be a doctor because the02:10:58
apostle Paul has forbidden us02:11:01
women to teach ourselves,02:11:03
but I left my littleness and I can do02:11:05
what I can and that is to pray and do02:11:08
penance for the salvation of all02:11:10
men and for the conversion of That is the02:11:15
deeply Catholic spirit of Saint Teresa02:11:20
and deeply strong02:11:24
she says that there is a02:11:26
deep respect for the word of God and for the02:11:28
position that corresponds to her as a woman, she does02:11:30
not pretend that we are anything else, she is strong02:11:34
being a woman,02:11:36
it is clear, let's go,02:11:38
we02:11:42
could prolong this. there is all the02:11:45
sacramental faith and submitting these constants02:11:47
the written above all in the eucharistic faith02:11:56
missionary spirit but not because it is to02:11:59
function as a missionary but because it knows02:12:01
in this delivery02:12:04
goodbye in prayer for the union with God02:12:07
and the perfection of the soul from02:12:09
life interior02:12:12
path02:12:15
cooperate with Christ crucified02:12:18
that is to say cooperate with the redemption of the02:12:21
world02:12:23
and then his brothers came the02:12:25
Indians02:12:27
one went to Peru02:12:30
and went to Ecuador as well and the other came02:12:32
directly to the Río de la Plata02:12:37
there is also a continuity of the two02:12:38
holy figures Teresa, in continuity with02:12:42
that projection of the faith of Castile in02:12:45
the lands of the Indians,02:12:48
in our lands,02:12:51
Hispanic America,02:13:01
I am going to end with02:13:03
the reading of another poem by Saint Teresa.02:13:15
This state of maintaining throughout02:13:16
the entire conference is that nuance that02:13:19
I said02:13:20
catechetical02:13:22
and anti-modernist02:13:28
and at the same time the concept of a02:13:30
strong woman who has in Mary the most02:13:32
blessed type02:13:33
because she is the strong woman of the02:13:36
gospel02:13:38
par excellence,02:13:41
the holy virgin mother of God02:13:45
and the cause of her strength is carried by her02:13:49
as a mother in her arms. because that02:13:51
cause is Christ Jesus our Lord,02:13:55
that is why I am going to end with a poem by02:14:00
Saint Teresa,02:14:03
which is an invitation that she addresses to02:14:06
all of us02:14:11
and that we in turn02:14:12
can take charge of to address to02:14:15
ourselves and to others02:14:18
in02:14:19
and I think this is good for us in a02:14:21
world that is02:14:23
darkened in so many different ways,02:14:25
but Saint Therese's world02:14:27
was also dark, there were storms of different02:14:30
kinds,02:14:34
and Saint Teresa opens up a path of02:14:35
response for us, which is the path of02:14:38
perfection through prayer.02:14:42
through mortification02:14:43
[Music]02:14:44
through penance through loneliness02:14:48
but all that is sterile if not united to the02:14:51
grace of Christ that grace of the02:14:53
holy spirit that is possible at the beginning of his02:14:55
letters02:14:56
be with you the grace of the holy spirit02:14:59
be addressed someone is addressed the grace02:15:01
of the holy spirit02:15:03
in that grace we receive this invitation02:15:05
of three on the cross is life and02:15:09
consolation and those are waves the way to02:15:12
heaven on the cross is the lord of02:15:14
zinc and earth and to enjoy much peace02:15:17
even if there is war all the evils of02:15:20
earth on this soil and that alone is the02:15:22
way to heaven of the cross and02:15:25
his beloved wife who is a02:15:27
precious palm where his life02:15:29
and its fruit have been known to God from heaven02:15:32
and that alone is the The path to heaven02:15:35
is a precious olive, the holy cross that02:15:38
you consulted 20 years ago is not together and gives us light,02:15:41
my soul takes the cross with great consolation02:15:43
that it alone is the path, heaven is the02:15:46
cross, the green and desired tree of the02:15:49
wife that is its shadow. He has sat down to02:15:51
enjoy his beloved and the king of heaven and02:15:54
that alone is the way to heaven the02:15:57
soul that God is completely surrendered and very02:15:59
truly detached from the world the cross the02:16:02
tree of life and consolation and a02:16:04
delightful path they saw After he placed himself on the02:16:07
Savior's cross, on the cross there is02:16:10
glory and honor and in suffering pain,02:16:13
life and consolation and the surest path02:16:16
to heaven02:16:18
in the name of the father and the son and the02:16:21
holy spirit, thank you very much02:16:25
202:16:34
well,02:16:37
thank you They02:16:42
have had Professor Mayeregger02:16:45
who has allowed us to share this02:16:50
moment02:16:52
share this moment02:16:53
thinking about these two great02:16:57
Hispanic women in these two great02:17:03
strong women and great strong women who have02:17:08
really made a dent and have made a02:17:12
dent in our02:17:15
Hispanic Catholic culture.02:17:19
We are going to try to02:17:22
communicate with dear professor02:17:25
Mayeregger from the floor02:17:29
dear professor good afternoon02:17:32
good afternoon Cristian02:17:36
thank you very much for this02:17:39
beautiful conference presented02:17:43
masterfully as only the professor02:17:48
thank you very much professor no thanks to02:17:52
you already and to02:17:54
all the followers of the center blame02:17:56
because the invitation you extended to me Every02:17:59
year it renews me in the joy of02:18:02
sharing the faith with you.02:18:06
Well, we don't thank you. The grateful ones02:18:09
are us, Professor, and I want to say,02:18:13
first of all, thank you for this effort,02:18:17
knowing that there is a02:18:19
technical problem and fear02:18:22
that the exhibition will be cut.02:18:25
this enormous job of02:18:29
recording it and sending it on time so that we02:18:33
can reproduce it, so first of all,02:18:36
thank you, professor, for this effort02:18:39
to be present in02:18:42
this year's course, and I also02:18:46
take advantage, professor, so that you know02:18:48
where you have been watching it from. Let me02:18:52
tell you that here in a live chat they have02:18:56
left greetings for you from all over the02:18:59
country, of course from Mar del Plata02:19:02
although it is bad to start at home but from02:19:06
Marvel they have left you many greetings from02:19:10
La Plata from where you are in all02:19:12
those people Linda who knows you who02:19:15
admires you who collaborates with you who has02:19:18
also left us greetings from the city02:19:21
of Tandil and from here they go to the city of02:19:24
Buenos Aires from the province of02:19:27
Buenos Aires from Sampacho Córdoba02:19:31
also from the province of Mendoza02:19:36
from the province of San Luís02:19:41
is from the province of Entre Ríos in02:19:46
Argentina practically throughout the length and02:19:50
breadth of our country and also from02:19:53
outside Argentina they have been seeing02:19:56
that professor tourism has sent us02:19:59
greetings from Colombia02:20:02
greetings from Mexico02:20:05
greetings from the USA02:20:09
greetings from Chile All the people who have02:20:14
been watching this conference live and02:20:19
who do not stop02:20:22
thanking us here from the USA tell us that he02:20:26
has earned a disciple and that in the02:20:31
last poem02:20:34
the poems he read02:20:38
by Santa Tereza, professor, made his skin crawl, really magnificent, so02:20:41
We take advantage of the fact that you are present02:20:44
to ask, although you have already said something in02:20:48
the conference, but to ask you for bibliography,02:20:53
bibliography that you consider02:20:55
appropriate to introduce us to both the02:20:59
life of Isabella the Catholic and the02:21:02
life of02:21:04
Saint Teresa of Ávila. Well, we take advantage of it02:21:08
because you are greeting us from02:21:10
Valencia. Spain teachers and who also02:21:13
leave you greetings, what bibliography would the02:21:17
teacher recommend to us to delve02:21:20
into the lives of these two strong02:21:23
Hispanic women who do us so much good02:21:27
to know them and of course delve into02:21:30
them02:21:32
well for Isabel the Catholic02:21:36
three books are mentioned in the conference02:21:38
that They seem fundamental to me, I02:21:39
repeat, one is the biography of Isabella02:21:44
the Catholic by Walls,02:21:48
an important English-speaking Hispanist,02:21:52
it is a work that is the02:21:56
oldest of the three that I mentioned,02:22:00
but it presents an02:22:05
enthusiastic profile of Queen Isabella and is well02:22:09
founded in the historical facts02:22:13
the second book that I mentioned that I repeat02:22:16
now is isabel the catholic' by tarcísio02:22:19
de azcona this is a02:22:23
much more difficult work to read because02:22:26
it is a denser practical joke as very02:22:31
healthy02:22:34
opts and a lot of jong documentation for the02:22:38
study of life and of the events of the02:22:42
reign of Isabella the Catholic02:22:44
is another type of book in the first02:22:47
biography it is more literary it can be read02:22:49
more easily as an introduction it is02:22:51
much better than this second work of art02:22:54
mentioning that it would be more to02:22:56
deepen the precise detailed knowledge02:22:58
of the facts02:23:03
and taking into account, as in any02:23:05
historiographic work, that the judgments given by02:23:07
the author are not02:23:11
an02:23:13
absolute truth, that is, the author makes02:23:16
value judgments of water, appreciates certain02:23:18
certain facts or circumstances according to his02:23:21
own perspective, but the work of02:23:23
azcona exercises It is invaluable02:23:25
above all for the documentary arsenal that02:23:27
it handles and the precision with which it discusses02:23:30
each fact to document it02:23:34
and the third work that I mentioned is being02:23:37
done again, there will not be much more readable than02:23:39
this second one, which is easier to read and02:23:43
is by one of the best historians02:23:45
of the period, the vital thing is the Catholic that02:23:48
has existed in the 20th century, which is Don Luís02:23:50
Suárez Fernández02:23:51
Don Isaac Suárez Fernández who has been02:23:54
rector of the02:23:57
University of Valladolid for many years02:24:01
and is now more than 90 years old,02:24:06
a man of venerable venerable02:24:09
old age because he is a wise man who02:24:13
has matured02:24:16
in the love of the truth he02:24:20
is always a great Catholic historian or Luisa02:24:24
de Fernández and in this book that I02:24:26
mentioned Isabel the Catholic to the queen02:24:29
he makes a synthesis of many02:24:33
previous studies Suárez Fernández He wrote the02:24:38
volume that covers02:24:40
Catholics in the history of a very good history02:24:44
of Spain, a very good general history of Spain02:24:46
that was published02:24:49
between 3 and 4 years ago, let's say, and because02:24:54
Isabella's Catholic century is the02:24:56
present century, that is, the 14 14 and 15 of the02:24:59
history of Spain are his specialty and02:25:00
one of his first works is a02:25:04
magnificent study of the reign of John the02:25:07
First of Castile, which is the reign in02:25:10
which the Castilian navy emerges with substance,02:25:14
which will be the naval stronghold of02:25:18
France. in the 100 years war02:25:20
precisely02:25:22
because france did not have a large fleet02:25:24
in the atlantic and the fleet was going to be02:25:26
lent to her by her ally who is castilla02:25:33
luisa fernandez also has crystals02:25:35
in some of the first works of vines02:25:37
since she has a series of very02:25:39
important studies on the reign of the02:25:41
Catholic kings02:25:44
and as I say in that general history of02:25:46
Spain he writes the volume dedicated to the02:25:47
Catholics and that can also be02:25:50
searched and studied in a02:25:54
more general approach let's say that it does not make the02:25:55
personality of Elizabeth But he gives us the02:25:58
historical framework of his life and his reign02:26:01
in02:26:03
this other book that he mentioned, it is already a02:26:06
biography of the queen and a profile02:26:09
of the spiritual of Isabel the Catholic.02:26:13
He also has a very02:26:15
beautiful article on02:26:18
the will of Isabel the Catholic. that02:26:20
can be found on the internet02:26:23
is an article by Luis Suárez Fernández02:26:25
about the will, if you search for the02:26:27
will of Isabel la Católica,02:26:29
the article on02:26:31
criminal visuals will appear immediately, which can be read or02:26:33
downloaded in full from the Internet.02:26:38
Thank you, professor, for the information because it is02:26:42
interesting. being able to have more or02:26:44
less easy access at least to that document does02:26:47
not make an article the02:26:50
lamb more yes tell me professor02:26:55
regarding Saint Teresa02:26:59
I think the best thing is to read Saint02:27:02
Teresa02:27:04
more than things about that02:27:07
because we have her work it02:27:10
seems to me that It is better to read it02:27:13
because even for the knowledge of02:27:15
her life we have her autobiographical writings,02:27:17
of course there are works about Saint02:27:20
Teresa from the02:27:23
biography that already at the end of the 16th century02:27:27
was composed by an02:27:31
illustrious Hieronymite friars called02:27:33
Diego de Sepes, which is the first life of02:27:36
Saint teresa broad complete of the life02:27:39
of mother teresa of jesus and it is called02:27:43
that is an ancient biography that02:27:44
can be continued reading with great benefit02:27:46
it is the first great biography about saint02:27:49
teresa'02:27:50
there is a an outline of liberation he began02:27:54
to write the biology of sandler that02:27:55
also in 16 countries león but he did not02:27:58
manage to finish it02:28:00
there are some fragments02:28:01
of the life of saint teresa de trainees02:28:04
but as a02:28:08
more recent biographical sketch I recommend the one02:28:11
at the beginning of the volume of02:28:13
complete works when selling this one about the cow02:28:16
and the introduction and this02:28:19
biographical introduction and the notes of the volume02:28:21
are carried out by two Carmelite fathers,02:28:24
one with shoes on, which is obviously staying, and one02:28:28
with bare feet, which is the train of the mother of02:28:30
God, and the two are responsible for02:28:33
a scheme, a biographical summary, which02:28:35
is very well done and a chronology of02:28:37
the life of Saint Teresa that allows us02:28:39
to locate ourselves later with precision when02:28:42
one goes on to read her02:28:43
autobiographical writings that are basically a02:28:46
book of life and foundations02:28:50
with the two works and iniesta the drummer02:28:54
presents us with his activity and its02:28:58
fundamental data because its exterior and interior life,02:29:02
yes,02:29:04
we also wanted to tell you that02:29:08
if you enter our blog in the02:29:12
coming week there will be an article about02:29:15
Isabel the Catholic and one about Saint02:29:19
Teresa of Ávila, also some more02:29:22
dissemination, not so much about study but that02:29:25
can help to have a profile,02:29:28
good professor, here they also send you greetings02:29:30
from the province of Santa Fe02:29:33
that you named the conference and02:29:37
because of the Santa Fe02:29:40
in Santa Fe de la Veracruz02:29:45
we know that02:29:47
Isabella Catholic is a02:29:50
servant of God and that she opened a02:29:53
cause02:29:55
precisely02:29:57
to investigate his02:30:00
holiness, not his virtues, the02:30:05
heroic way of living that virtue, these02:30:08
and there is a bit of controversy02:30:13
regarding this cause. Do you know what02:30:17
situation this02:30:20
investigation is in, professor, or could you give us02:30:24
a look at the current situation of02:30:27
the cause? of beatification or02:30:30
canonization of Queen Elizabeth02:30:35
without giving precise recent data, I do not02:30:38
have it, but what I can tell you is02:30:41
that02:30:42
the cause is being02:30:44
carried out by the archdiocese of02:30:48
Valladolid02:30:51
and02:30:54
over the time since the02:30:56
introduction of the cause it has had02:30:58
different attorneys the cause of02:31:00
course02:31:02
and they have been02:31:04
progressively appointed by the different02:31:06
archbishops of Valladolid02:31:09
but from the point of view of its02:31:11
effects the cause has been stagnant since the02:31:14
year 76 74 65 so what02:31:20
remains02:31:22
with the02:31:24
approval of the position regarding Her02:31:26
virtues are02:31:29
recognized as a servant of God.02:31:33
Obviously, the next formal canonical steps02:31:35
would be the beatification and02:31:38
canonization02:31:39
of02:31:41
these. I have no news if she is02:31:44
prospering. If she is not prospering, but02:31:47
as you say, it is a controversial case.02:31:50
I believe that, unfortunately, for reasons beyond my control.02:31:53
to faith02:31:55
and therefore to true holiness02:31:59
and02:32:00
that has happened in history with02:32:03
various causes of beatification.02:32:05
If one studies the history of02:32:07
canonizations02:32:08
one sees that some have been very, very02:32:12
fast, as in their process, others not02:32:15
so much02:32:18
and others have remained stagnant in some02:32:20
almost indefinite way over the02:32:22
centuries, including due to various02:32:25
difficulties,02:32:29
but in the case of Isabel the Catholic,02:32:33
the difficulties have02:32:35
mainly to do with02:32:39
arguments that must be seen if they are02:32:41
arguments, they are rather tricks that02:32:43
try to distort the figure of Isabella02:32:46
the Catholic or removing her profile of02:32:50
authentic Christian holiness,02:32:53
of course in today's ideological context,02:32:54
the issue that arises as the02:32:58
first or main objection is02:33:03
that of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain,02:33:07
a topic that when one02:33:09
objectively studies one notices That far from being02:33:13
a problem of racial or02:33:18
religious persecution, it is a fundamental problem of02:33:21
governmental justice and governmental prudence.02:33:25
It should be noted that Castile02:33:29
has a very serious problem in this02:33:32
matter, such as the02:33:33
Thursday problem before, which created distortions not02:33:37
only in life. social but even in02:33:39
the religious life of Spain it02:33:44
takes a long time in the expulsion of the02:33:46
Jews from other kingdoms that had been carried out02:33:49
centuries before02:33:51
and it does so for a great02:33:54
[Music]02:33:55
let's say parsimony equanimity02:33:58
prudence02:34:00
and we must put ourselves in the historical context02:34:04
and notice to what extent Isabel thus02:34:10
makes a resolution02:34:12
typical of a Christian monarch02:34:17
in order to safeguard the02:34:20
religious and moral integrity and the religious02:34:23
and moral unity of her kingdoms.02:34:30
If she considers the issue02:34:32
prudently, she could say that it is02:34:34
opinionable, but in no way does it02:34:36
imply02:34:41
recriminatory attitudes in Isabel or lack of02:34:44
virtue in that is what I consider02:34:48
unacceptable.02:34:52
The figure of Isabella the Catholic02:34:54
is also uncomfortable today in that the02:35:01
deeply Christian ruler is a model of a Christian ruler and02:35:04
that also seems to be annoying02:35:09
because it implies not separating the civil order02:35:14
and the ordering of civil society02:35:17
from the faith of the church02:35:22
to all kinds of secularism of course to02:35:25
all kinds of doctrine that advocates the02:35:27
separation of church and state02:35:30
and we know well that even within the02:35:32
church there are supporters of that02:35:34
dissociation02:35:35
in a way such that there are two obstacles not02:35:38
only coming from outside as criticisms that02:35:40
usually about a possible high or saint02:35:44
but also from within or02:35:47
internal resistances that are seen, I think, to the fact02:35:50
that she is a Catholic who governs02:35:55
as a case and is not Isabella the Seriously Catholic,02:35:59
she is the Catholic queen and she is not a02:36:02
person who is a ruler on the one hand and02:36:05
Catholic on the other in a kind of02:36:07
duality.02:36:09
I am of the opinion that there is02:36:12
no unity or foundation02:36:15
in reality for02:36:17
the Sava professor when you explained02:36:22
How good it would be to remember what02:36:25
you said at the conference where you noted02:36:28
some things02:36:30
regarding the figure of Elizabeth, reigning and02:36:33
serving God and providing for the common good of02:36:36
all men,02:36:38
remembering this, remembering that altering the faith02:36:42
is doing enormous harm to the man and to the02:36:45
common good of social life this that02:36:48
you are no longer a Catholic ruler02:36:52
and for the same reason it can become02:36:53
very uncomfortable02:36:56
is hospitals nor did they read in the02:36:59
games of Alfonso the wise saying are02:37:01
constitutional laws of the02:37:04
Castilian monarchy and law and of our and02:37:08
our Indian kingdoms while02:37:10
they were kingdoms of the Hispanic monarchy02:37:11
also because it was02:37:13
the fair game and the games will be the02:37:15
basis of our legislation02:37:19
so it was not until the constitution of02:37:23
1853 I remember and they02:37:27
continued to be the machine02:37:30
exactly like that02:37:34
professor then two last questions02:37:39
one about Saint Teresa and the last one about02:37:42
the two that the textbook of Saint02:37:48
Teresa since it is good to go directly to02:37:52
the sources and just as you recommended02:37:54
since we have02:37:56
the holy laziness because it would be the first02:37:59
text of her that at the What should we02:38:03
approach to begin to be02:38:07
familiar with the writings of Saint02:38:10
Teresa of Ávila?02:38:14
It is a very very interesting question but02:38:18
very difficult to answer. It02:38:20
is rather to02:38:23
give a kind of map that serves02:38:26
as a guide to what the writings of02:38:28
Santa Empresas and offers certain heights02:38:31
of income not in this set02:38:34
as a teacher the writings of Saint02:38:39
Teresa are not many of the number02:38:42
and we can divide02:38:45
or classify them02:38:47
first in the biographical writings I02:38:51
already mentioned are the book of life02:38:55
the foundations02:38:58
this second in some way a02:39:00
continuation of the another so that they can be02:39:02
read as a unit02:39:06
because in the first she develops the02:39:09
itinerary of her life until the origin02:39:11
of the barefoot Carmel and then in the02:39:13
foundations she develops all her02:39:15
founding itineraries,02:39:19
her adventures as founder on the02:39:22
roads of Castile02:39:26
[Music]02:39:29
and certainly complemented Of these two02:39:31
autobiographical writings are the02:39:34
very extensive epistolary of Saltaturists02:39:37
that exceeds 40 of the 400 letters are02:39:41
440 441 Carter's and02:39:45
in them there is a lot of biographical data02:39:47
of course although not only02:39:49
biographical data but also reflections and02:39:52
considerations of a doctrinal nature02:39:59
and other complements. to the02:40:02
biographical writings are the grave accounts of02:40:04
concerts that are02:40:07
a work of Saint Teresa in which02:40:09
precisely02:40:10
what it is about is02:40:14
making accounts in her conscience with her02:40:17
with her own activity with her own02:40:20
conduct with her own acts02:40:24
this orders a first block of two in02:40:28
this block02:40:30
the best thing would be to enter through the book of02:40:32
life which is the primary biographical framework02:40:35
of the life of Saint Teresa02:40:38
autobiography in the case of Saint Teresa02:40:40
we have, as in Saint Augustine, the02:40:42
privilege that we have a access to his02:40:45
own biography02:40:47
provided by him himself who has02:40:50
lived is an autobiographical access that02:40:54
is02:40:56
something that does not occur in many cases and02:40:59
in the case of Santander essa we have02:41:00
this is the fungus02:41:04
the other fundamental block of the works02:41:07
straightens second It would be the02:41:09
doctrinal works in which her02:41:11
doctrine of mystical theology is exposed, as it is02:41:14
said in her 16th century Spanish, her02:41:17
popular Spanish, some clarification here02:41:20
when one begins to read Saint Teresa,02:41:23
a first problem is the language,02:41:27
Saint Teresa02:41:30
writes in colloquial Spanish that02:41:34
It is Ávila's own in the mid-02:41:36
16th century02:41:39
and that causes difficulties for02:41:41
today's Spanish-speaking reader, who is not a02:41:44
polished Castilian, a smooth Castilian that is02:41:48
healthy and easy to read, as is, for02:41:51
example, San Juan de la Cruz, which02:41:54
of La Cruz has a02:41:55
very polished and easy-to-read literary Castilian like the02:41:59
language, not because of the content, the02:42:01
content in San Juan de la Cruz is02:42:02
very extensive and very difficult, but the02:42:05
language can be understood, but02:42:07
Santander, these tests of the language,02:42:10
although even though the content be healthy02:42:14
and do not offer to its difficulty the02:42:17
language sometimes offers difficulty02:42:18
because I insist it uses a language that is02:42:21
complex for us to Libya02:42:25
and regulate anfractuosities02:42:29
pressure that are not the usual ones02:42:31
today and that you have to get used to there are02:42:34
editions that modernize the Spanish02:42:36
of Santa Teresa I only advise them at02:42:38
all02:42:44
because02:42:47
in a classic sentence02:42:50
the style is the man in some way02:42:52
it is the person and then it was Santa02:42:56
Tereza translated into current Spanish02:42:59
is to lose Santa Teresa to a large extent02:43:01
even though it offers difficulties at the beginning.02:43:04
I I think it is worth making02:43:05
the effort to get used to the02:43:07
Spanish of Santa Teresa and resort to02:43:09
notes in a good edition if02:43:11
the expression presents difficulties02:43:14
that cannot be overcome,02:43:17
but the writings I do this because I speak02:43:20
of the doctrinal writings, which are the02:43:22
writings of mystical theology to ignore02:43:24
that path of perfection02:43:26
dwellings of the inner castle these are02:43:29
the two fundamental works and a work02:43:31
much smaller in length but of02:43:35
invaluable content which is the02:43:39
meditations on the songs on the02:43:41
song of songs02:43:44
these are the three works02:43:46
fundamentally doctrines of Saint02:43:47
Tereza now where to start here that02:43:50
is very difficult my advice today if02:43:54
you ask me today would be to start with the02:43:57
mansions because it is the most02:44:00
ordered and most systematic exposition that has made02:44:03
so much right of its spiritual doctrine02:44:06
the path of perfection is a work02:44:07
also wonderful but it does not have a02:44:11
systematic order as precise as the02:44:13
mansions in chapter 2 and the other one, which is02:44:16
a pamphlet, is a complement to these and02:44:18
no no no it is not enough to enter so it02:44:20
also offers the difficulties typical02:44:22
of a text that is based on the reading of02:44:24
a work that is part of the sacred02:44:27
scripture with all the complexity of the02:44:29
combination of exegesis and its02:44:31
own doctrine, it does not present one with a company02:44:35
like that02:44:36
and after this there is a part of the02:44:40
truth, that third is the02:44:43
legislative work of that the constitutions and02:44:49
202:44:52
the barefoot visits, which is a work02:44:55
in which I did what it does is give02:44:57
advice to the visitors of the fathers02:44:59
who had to visit the02:45:00
convents02:45:02
to judge about their progress in the02:45:06
progress of their development of her discipline02:45:08
of her life and that she writes with02:45:12
rest visits a series of advice of norms02:45:15
to do the visit well in accordance02:45:17
with the constitution is her work as02:45:20
these two works are her works as a02:45:23
legislator of the barefoot Carmel02:45:30
this would be another possibility to enter02:45:32
But enter through the constitutions that02:45:35
are, as I said in the conference,02:45:38
what environs us is the02:45:40
central concern for the life of Saint Teresa. She02:45:44
is the founder of the Discalced Carmel. She is02:45:45
a nun and what worries her02:45:48
is the ordering of monastic life.02:45:51
obviously that monastic life is a02:45:53
path of perception and there is the02:45:56
content of monastic life is02:45:59
ordered according to the constitutions that02:46:01
specify the way to serve the02:46:04
original rule of Mount Carmel to the solution02:46:08
also in the conference02:46:11
and finally the last part What should be02:46:14
taken into account is the part that02:46:16
could use the most literary version of the02:46:18
three version and that is where the poems come in, the02:46:22
poems with sad functions,02:46:26
the exclamations, this is a work that would02:46:29
perhaps be the first thing that had to be02:46:32
given, it is a short work,02:46:35
the First of all, the editor and Luis Elevate02:46:40
may also be that the Castilian of Santander02:46:42
is there, it is a little retouched and02:46:43
corrected by Fray Luís, but it is02:46:47
a02:46:48
wonderful hand, so there02:46:50
is no major problem,02:46:52
souls, the spirit of Saint Teresa is02:46:54
intact in those texts. and they offer us02:46:56
these exclamations that have been02:46:59
composed by them02:47:01
as meditations and contemplations02:47:04
after the Eucharistic community.02:47:08
These exclamations contain what we02:47:11
can call the core of the02:47:14
spirituality of Saint Teresa. It02:47:15
is also a good way to enter into02:47:17
expressing through the explanations and by the02:47:20
poems also of course because02:47:22
poems of the nation and silk notices the02:47:24
third the notices are small02:47:26
sentences phrases02:47:28
in the services of ariza they take up much02:47:31
less space there are more02:47:34
the notices02:47:36
and sentences of spiritual light of San02:47:39
Juan de la Cruz but they are also very02:47:42
tasty and very deep, which will be an02:47:46
overview of the fundamental part,02:47:51
but02:47:53
if you have to enter from somewhere, I02:47:56
would recommend those two entries to02:47:59
follow one through the exclamations and the02:48:00
poems, these are not more for those who can02:48:03
enter from the literary point of view, not from02:48:06
the spiritual doctrinal now that the02:48:09
interested party has a spiritual that02:48:12
begins with the mansions I would say and as02:48:14
the biography becomes more restless it begins with02:48:16
the book of life02:48:17
any of these entries will02:48:19
take it to the other places to the other02:48:22
dimensions of the Teresian classroom02:48:25
well hopefully Hopefully then we can02:48:28
delve into the work of this great02:48:31
saint, enormous saint that Hispanicity has given us,02:48:34
professor, these two figures02:48:38
and in the last question because02:48:41
we are already entertaining you a lot with data about02:48:45
women, sometimes they have been02:48:48
ideologized02:48:50
and you spoke at the beginning precisely from02:48:53
a certain mentality of modernism that02:48:56
continues today to be a02:48:59
permanent temptation and a source of02:49:01
constant loss even02:49:05
in areas where these two women are02:49:09
respected and taken into account and today02:49:13
is Saint George's Day, nothing more and02:49:16
nothing less than written against this02:49:19
mentality,02:49:22
how could we02:49:25
arm ourselves, confront this02:49:30
modernist mentality that seems to be the02:49:33
dominant mentality today even though the02:49:36
document of Sant Boi 10 is more than02:49:38
100 years old, but there seems to be or not a02:49:42
resurgence of the modernist mentality, how do02:49:46
we arm ourselves? We prepare to02:49:48
resist the influence of the culture02:49:54
impregnated with this mentality and resist02:49:57
from the Catholic faith from the Catholic opera02:50:05
well first of all02:50:09
rooting in the faith is the first of02:50:11
all because obviously02:50:16
modernism and all the02:50:20
neo-modernist formulations that have been unleashed since02:50:23
the second half of the 20th century02:50:25
until today, which are multiple,02:50:31
are incompatible with the Catholic faith,02:50:35
but02:50:37
as one is rooted in the authentic faith,02:50:39
the true faith02:50:45
must distinguish doctrinal paths, of02:50:49
course, from practical lives, but the02:50:52
doctrinal act is what I could do.02:50:54
contribute more02:50:58
I think it is essential to contact02:51:02
the source02:51:05
transmission of energy faith02:51:10
you said very well just now that02:51:15
even people who recognize the02:51:18
importance of Saint Theresa02:51:23
some perhaps who are02:51:26
members02:51:31
either of the first era or of the02:51:33
state military money barefoot02:51:37
and who, however,02:51:41
seem to take the figure of Saint02:51:44
Teresa in a sense that one could02:51:46
clearly describe as modern,02:51:53
one cannot think that these people do not02:51:54
know the texts of Saint Teresa02:51:59
and there is a problem saying that one wants to02:52:02
have contact with the ports one02:52:10
wants say let yourself be02:52:14
taught by the sources do not pretend02:52:20
1 teach the source02:52:24
what usually happens and you02:52:26
modernist the pigeon attitude pretends02:52:28
that human beings and in the case of02:52:31
Catholic modernism Christians and02:52:34
Catholics of other centuries were a02:52:36
kind of02:52:37
people [ __ ]02:52:40
and therefore everything they say must be02:52:42
passed through the sieve of the02:52:43
modern mentality so that it acquires02:52:45
validity02:52:47
and then healthy02:52:49
are those who teach us02:52:52
but it is we who02:52:54
teach them02:52:59
this is reversing the order authentic of02:53:03
things,02:53:07
turning to the source means02:53:09
letting oneself be taught by the sources.02:53:13
Obviously, for this we need,02:53:15
first of all, a faith that we are02:53:17
in tune with whoever speaks at the source, we02:53:22
need communion in the holy spirit02:53:26
that opens our ears and opens our ears. The mind02:53:30
illuminates our hearts and ignites them02:53:33
with true quality to be able to hear the02:53:37
voice of truth that lives in the02:53:38
sources02:53:40
and hence the life of prayer is02:53:43
essential for this, but a life02:53:45
of prayer united with an intelligence02:53:46
capable of letting itself teaching by the sources02:53:50
insist these02:53:52
letting oneself be taught by the source implies02:53:55
having an attitude of humility towards02:53:57
the writings starting with the sacred02:53:59
scripture02:54:00
[Music]02:54:01
but then the teams of the holy02:54:03
fathers the writings of all the great02:54:07
masters of local television terol02:54:13
but the doctors of the church02:54:17
and hear the02:54:19
vigor of faith that speaks to us in them.02:54:22
Those are teachers for us. We02:54:25
are apprentices, disciples, and to the02:54:28
extent that we have that attitude of02:54:30
disciples toward the doors in text,02:54:32
we can let the light of the02:54:36
always the same faith always reaches02:54:39
us02:54:41
that is a fundamental antidote against02:54:44
modernism02:54:47
and another thing that I think is02:54:50
important that you mention salvio02:54:52
we say is the reading is very updated02:54:56
of the encyclical pass that encyclical02:55:03
today it is not an object of study as It02:55:05
should be,02:55:07
it is a fundamental document to02:55:10
place oneself02:55:12
on the path of faith in what goes from02:55:16
the beginning of the 20th to these beginnings of the02:55:18
20th century. We cannot do without02:55:21
that magisterial doctrine02:55:25
because in that encyclical Camps I Tenth02:55:30
performed a very important task02:55:34
of synthesizing and systematizing02:55:37
modernist doctrines, a typical feature of02:55:40
modernists and neo-modernists02:55:43
is also the lack of02:55:47
systematizing, systematizing and02:55:49
making explicit their two triples02:55:55
in order to be able to guard against error, one02:55:57
has money in front of one's eyes and02:55:59
saying this is unacceptable02:56:03
while the error but more implicit and02:56:05
it circulates sinuously through02:56:07
multiple manifestations but02:56:08
we do not even know how to formulate what it is,02:56:11
we cannot even detect it, so we cannot02:56:14
lose ourselves against error.02:56:16
Of course, we must be based on02:56:18
truth, but our intelligence, which is02:56:20
finite, also needs to combat02:56:23
error and in that the encyclical de expanded02:56:25
we say a fundamental starting point02:56:28
always conservative even02:56:31
today I am in this conference which is to02:56:33
unite the commemoration of the broad tenth02:56:37
that corresponds today to our02:56:40
day today with the figures of Saint02:56:43
Teresa Elizabeth the Catholic as02:56:46
representatives of the faith of 100 miter of02:56:49
that faith that does not change that no world because02:56:53
that faith is divine light and God does not change02:56:56
God does not change02:56:59
thank you very much professor thank you very much02:57:03
for confirming us in the truth and02:57:07
for combating error02:57:09
thank you very much02:57:11
many thanks to you and fiction02:57:14
teacher a big hug02:57:17
thank you for being with us today and02:57:22
we hope to have you soon and again02:57:25
[Music]02:57:27
God willing that you can go soon02:57:32
a big hug an02:57:36
equally visually02:57:40
good teacher to the friends of the pepper center we02:57:43
thank you for being here until today until now02:57:47
until this moment02:57:49
sharing this dialogue these02:57:52
questions are magnificent conferences02:57:55
with Professor Claudio Mayeregger02:57:59
[Music]02:58:00
today is broad and it is I want to go say02:58:04
goodbye to you02:58:10
two-sentence sentences02:58:14
what is wrong02:58:16
is wrong even if02:58:19
everyone does it02:58:23
what is right is right although no02:58:27
one does it02:58:30
and the last thing02:58:31
is that knowing evil you don't fight it02:58:37
you are an accomplice02:58:39
thank you very much friends for02:58:43
joining us stay tuned to the blog of the02:58:47
piper center piper center dot02:58:50
blogspot.com dot al so you can02:58:53
find out about the next conference02:58:58
subscribe to our channel and02:59:02
like this video so that many people02:59:05
can benefit from it see you soon02:59:09
and it will be02:59:12
with the next conferenceDescription:
#CentroPieper Conferencia del Prof. Claudio Mayeregger titulada “Grandes Mujeres Hispanas: Isabel la Católica y Santa Teresa de Ávila”, transmitida el viernes 21 de Agosto a partir de las 18hs. Para ver la programación completa del Curso 2020 del Centro Pieper, entre al siguiente enlace: https://centropieper.blogspot.com//2020/05/ella-te-aplastara-la-cabeza-gn-3-15-el.html Quizás pueda también interesarle: Santo Rosario por la Vida y la Familia https://centropieper.blogspot.com/2020/03/santo-rosario-por-la-vida-y-la-familia.html Visite nuestro Blog https://centropieper.blogspot.com
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