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Russian
00:00:01
listeners, we continue our lectures on the00:00:03
history of Russia, smoothly but inevitably00:00:05
approaching the end of our cycle,00:00:08
today we will talk again about Russia in the00:00:11
twenty-first century, what is happening00:00:13
in our times, at a time00:00:17
when the country is, of course, led in the first place00:00:20
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin,00:00:22
if in the previous lecture we00:00:24
talked about the domestic policy of00:00:26
Vladimirovich Putin at the beginning of the twenty-00:00:29
first century, then today we’ll talk about00:00:31
Russia’s foreign policy in 2100:00:36
natural situations00:00:38
that arose after the collapse of the USSR,00:00:40
when the Russian Federation was00:00:44
among the least leading and00:00:47
influential powers world,00:00:48
our elites could not be satisfied, first of all, of00:00:52
course, those00:00:53
or you who still remembered the greatness of the00:00:56
place in the world occupied by the Soviet00:00:59
Union could not be satisfied, and therefore our foreign policy,00:01:01
willingly or unwillingly, in comparison with00:01:04
what was in the 1990s, had to be00:01:07
certain the way to rebuild is00:01:09
perestroika, as we will see,00:01:10
happened, and if we highlight the main00:01:13
directions of Russian foreign policy in the 21st00:01:16
century, then we should highlight three:00:01:17
firstly, relations with the West, that00:01:20
is, first of all, the United States, Western Europe00:01:22
and NATO countries; the second direction is00:01:26
relations with00:01:27
Asian countries. the Pacific region with China00:01:31
with Japan with the countries of Southeast Asia00:01:35
in the 21st century, this direction00:01:38
is no less important for us than00:01:39
relations with our Western00:01:41
partners, and finally, after the00:01:44
collapse of the Soviet Union, a00:01:45
whole cluster of00:01:48
states was formed that is commonly called00:01:49
the near abroad, and then a state00:01:53
that arose from the republics of the former00:01:54
Soviet Union,00:01:56
most of them are united in the00:01:58
Commonwealth of Independent States, and00:02:00
that is the notorious CIS and relations with00:02:03
these countries are also a fairly00:02:05
significant part of our foreign00:02:08
policy. For00:02:09
most of the Putin era, Foreign00:02:12
Minister Sergei Viktorovich is responsible for our foreign policy00:02:14
Lavrov00:02:17
and he still remains in this post and the00:02:20
successes and failures of our foreign policy00:02:23
can in many ways be associated precisely with his00:02:27
activities; well, let’s00:02:28
start with relations with the United00:02:31
States of America and actually when00:02:35
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin came to00:02:37
power in Russia he became the second00:02:40
Russian the president did not plan any such00:02:42
serious changes in relation00:02:45
to the West,00:02:48
Vladimir Vladimirovich positioned00:02:51
himself as a great friend of the West and00:02:54
at the beginning of his reign since 2000,00:02:58
relations with the West tried to00:03:00
line up according to the same pattern that00:03:02
lined up 90,00:03:03
they say, we are friends, comrades and are ready to00:03:07
provide all possible assistance support The most00:03:10
striking example of this support that00:03:12
Russia was ready to provide to the United States and00:03:14
Western countries were the events that00:03:17
occurred in September 2001, as00:03:19
is known, on September 11, 2001, as00:03:22
a result of a terrorist attack in the00:03:25
United States of America, the00:03:28
so-called Twin Towers were destroyed when00:03:31
planes controlled by terrorists00:03:32
crashed into American skyscrapers, which00:03:36
led to numerous casualties, after00:03:39
which the terrorist threat was00:03:42
declared by the United States to be the00:03:44
number one threat in the world and the00:03:47
new Russian leadership, Putin’s00:03:50
leadership, immediately literally after these00:03:52
events, the00:03:54
United States of America supported00:03:56
in every possible way promised assistance and was ready to00:03:58
cooperate in the fight against international00:04:00
terrorism especially since we had our00:04:02
own problems with terrorism,00:04:04
this primarily concerns the events of the00:04:07
second Chechen war,00:04:08
so it is not surprising that Russia actively00:04:11
provided assistance to the00:04:12
United States of America when they00:04:15
decided to conduct an00:04:16
anti-terrorist operation in00:04:18
Afghanistan after the00:04:20
twin towers were destroyed on September 11,00:04:23
200100:04:24
Naturally, it was necessary to find this00:04:27
center of evil; this center of evil was00:04:31
declared to be the00:04:32
international terrorist00:04:34
organization al-Qaeda, led by Osama00:04:38
bin Laden, who was called00:04:39
terrorist number one, and the center of this00:04:42
organization was calculated by the Americans in00:04:44
Afghanistan; Afghanistan at that time was00:04:45
under the control of the00:04:46
Islamic fundamentalists of the Taliban. and the00:04:50
Americans believed that these same00:04:52
Taliban in every possible way contribute to00:04:55
international, primarily00:04:56
radical Islamic terrorism, so00:05:00
it is not surprising that00:05:03
America paid the closest00:05:05
attention to Afghanistan and launched a military operation there00:05:08
to fight terrorists in order to00:05:11
support our American partners, the00:05:15
Russian leadership had a00:05:17
certain impact on the countries00:05:21
Central Asia, as a result of this00:05:22
impact, in order to facilitate the00:05:25
United States of America military00:05:28
operation in Afghanistan, it was allowed to00:05:30
create a NATO military base on the territory of00:05:34
Kyrgyzstan in the city of Manas until, through the00:05:39
mediation of the00:05:40
Russian leadership, an agreement was reached on the00:05:43
creation, more precisely, on the use of the00:05:47
Uzbek airfield Karshi Khanabad00:05:49
for transport and military NATO aviation,00:05:53
in addition, in order to00:05:54
demonstrate its so to speak00:05:57
inclination to cooperate with the United States and00:06:01
demonstrate the rejection of those supposedly00:06:04
imperial ambitions that the00:06:06
Soviet Union had, the new Russian00:06:08
leadership, Putin, in 200100:06:11
closed our overseas military bases remaining from the times of the00:06:14
Soviet Union and00:06:18
was closed the electronic00:06:21
intelligence center in the city of Lourdes, Cuba, the Russian00:06:25
naval base00:06:28
in Vietnam in Cam Ranh was closed, and today,00:06:31
for these decisions, the Russian00:06:34
leadership is of course criticized within the00:06:37
framework of cooperation by the United00:06:39
States and the00:06:41
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. On May 28,00:06:44
2002, the Russian-Russian Council was created. NATO,00:06:49
which has developed several00:06:51
cooperation programs and even they are so00:06:53
cautious and talk about the fact that00:06:56
maybe Russia itself will join the North Atlantic00:06:58
Alliance, such a00:07:01
logical continuation of this00:07:04
cooperation was the next agreement00:07:07
that was signed between the00:07:10
United States of America and Russia in the00:07:13
field of arms reduction in 200200:07:16
year, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, on00:07:18
the Russian side, American00:07:20
President George W. Bush and the00:07:21
American side sign an agreement on the00:07:24
reduction of strategic offensive00:07:27
potentials, the so-called SNT agreement.00:07:29
However, it should be noted that this00:07:31
agreement with the NPF did not arise out of nowhere,00:07:34
despite the fact that we are ready to00:07:37
cooperate in every possible way.00:07:38
we demonstrate that the00:07:40
United States of00:07:42
America is not going to consider Russia an equal partner, it00:07:44
turns out that after the collapse of the00:07:46
Soviet Union, one polar system arose in the world00:07:48
where there was one country, the00:07:51
hegemon of the United States, and the00:07:53
United States of00:07:55
America did not intend to share this hegemony with anyone00:07:58
and make some serious00:08:03
compromises with any countries, be it the00:08:06
countries of Western Europe or Russia, and not00:08:10
wanting to share the US’s own power,00:08:11
this is demonstrated to the new Russian00:08:14
leadership in 2001, even before the00:08:17
signing of the agreement on the reduction of00:08:19
strategic offensive00:08:21
capabilities, the United States of America00:08:24
unilaterally withdrew from the00:08:27
anti-missile defense treaty signed back in the Brezhnev era, and00:08:31
here Russia could not help but00:08:34
demonstrate a certain00:08:36
independence in response to this in00:08:38
2002, the Russian Federation00:08:41
unilaterally withdraws from the00:08:46
treaty on strategic00:08:49
offensive weapons number two, signed back under Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin00:08:51
START-2,00:08:54
the truth comes out of this treaty, after that, just a little00:08:57
later, this very00:08:59
treaty with the NPF was signed,00:09:01
however, further actions of the administration of the00:09:04
United States of America00:09:05
showed that it would somehow00:09:07
coordinate its foreign policy,00:09:10
including in relation to Our00:09:12
traditional00:09:13
foreign political ally with us, the00:09:16
Americans will not be a striking example of this00:09:20
were the events of 2003, when, using00:09:25
absolutely far-fetched reasons for allegedly00:09:27
creating weapons of mass destruction, the00:09:31
United States of America invaded the enemy00:09:35
in Iraq, President Saddam Hussein was overthrown,00:09:39
subsequently he was tried and executed,00:09:42
or what about execution? was broadcast to00:09:44
the public, and representatives of the American00:09:47
establishment, watching the television broadcast of the00:09:50
execution of this Middle Eastern leader,00:09:52
could not hide their sincere joy, as00:09:55
did, for example, US Secretary of State00:09:57
Hillary Clinton, and so he was glad to have the00:10:01
traditional allies of Russia00:10:03
for a long time still allies of00:10:05
the USSR and nevertheless when the Americans were without00:10:09
approval from the UN General Assembly00:10:12
without sanction, he is organizing an invasion of NATO forces, the00:10:16
enemy, no one asked Russia’s opinion on this matter,00:10:19
this makes us wary,00:10:24
it makes us wary, and the fact that already in the00:10:28
first half of the 2000s the00:10:31
United States of America was actively00:10:34
inspiring the so-called color00:10:36
revolutions and color revolutions in countries of the00:10:39
near abroad, we will00:10:41
talk in more detail at this lecture,00:10:43
but for now we will indicate that the color00:10:45
revolution is such a kind of00:10:46
coup d’etat00:10:48
when instead of one political group of power usually more or00:10:51
less loyal to Russia,00:10:54
another00:10:56
political group comes, usually00:10:58
anti-Russian and pro-00:11:01
American. In this case, the United States of00:11:04
America and often the countries of Western00:11:06
Europe actively provide all kinds of00:11:09
financial and propaganda00:11:13
support to these same color00:11:14
revolutions and these same color revolutions00:11:18
Russia00:11:19
receives at its borders we receive a00:11:22
revolution grew up in00:11:23
and we receive a revolution the famous00:11:26
orange orange revolution in00:11:29
Ukraine00:11:31
in addition without in any way coordinating00:11:33
this issue with Russia, the United States00:11:35
of America continues to push00:11:39
NATO’s borders to the east00:11:41
when Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev agreed00:11:43
to the dissolution of the00:11:46
Warsaw Pact organization for the unification of the two00:11:48
Germanys, or more precisely, for the absorption of the German00:11:51
Democratic Republic of00:11:53
Socialist Germany FRG00:11:55
Federal Republic of Germany00:11:57
Capitalist Germany and so then00:12:00
we were given certain guarantees to Gorbachev00:12:03
that NATO00:12:05
would not advance to the east and that new countries,00:12:08
primarily from among the countries of Eastern00:12:09
Europe, would not be included in NATO, but these00:12:14
verbal agreements were not00:12:15
recorded on paper and, in general, no one,00:12:19
as I understand it, was going to implement them00:12:21
therefore, it was necessary to continue00:12:23
to expand, and in 2004, another00:12:26
series of expansion of the00:12:29
North Atlantic Alliance, so to speak, the composition of NATO in00:12:32
2004 included Bulgaria Romania00:12:35
Slovakia Slovenia, that is, the former00:12:38
socialist republics, as well as three00:12:40
countries that were once00:12:43
republics of the USSR, these are the Baltic countries,00:12:45
Latvia Lithuania and Estonia,00:12:47
subsequently NATO expand once again to the00:12:50
east in 2009, including00:12:53
Albania and Croatia in 2017, include00:12:57
Montenegro, and in 2020, include00:13:01
Macedonia, which is now00:13:02
officially called the Republic of North00:13:05
Macedonia00:13:06
Montenegro Croatia Macedonia Slovenia00:13:09
all these countries appeared on the map of Europe00:13:11
after the bloody collapse of Yugoslavia in the00:13:14
early 90s, all this leads to00:13:18
the fact that the Russian leadership understands00:13:20
in the West, the Russians are perceived as an00:13:24
equal partner, perceived as a00:13:26
satellite, whose opinion in general is00:13:28
not necessary to be taken into account and apparently the00:13:31
Russian leadership00:13:32
causes00:13:34
complete rejection and after all these00:13:36
events we We see gradually, step by step,00:13:40
complications in relations with the United00:13:43
States of America, NATO, to such an extent00:13:45
that today they are talking about the Cold War,00:13:49
edition 20, it is probably worth noting two00:13:54
such main points related to00:13:58
this deterioration of relations,00:14:00
the first is the proclamation by Vladimir00:14:04
Vladimirovich Putin in 2005 of00:14:07
the concept of00:14:08
sovereign democracy. this00:14:12
foreign policy concept said00:14:14
that Russia certainly adheres to the00:14:17
bourgeois-democratic values of rights00:14:20
and freedoms, the values of the Western world, but in the00:14:23
field of foreign policy we will00:14:26
pursue policies independently;00:14:28
moreover, we will00:14:31
not allow anyone to encroach on our internal sovereignty; this was the00:14:34
first such bell about the revival00:14:36
of the Russian bear, which was heard in00:14:38
the West, the second, much louder00:14:41
bell came to me with a bell, and such a00:14:43
powerful ring to the bell was Putin’s00:14:48
Minusinsk speech read in February 2007 at the Munich00:14:51
conference on00:14:52
security policy in Germany, Vladimir00:14:55
Vladimirovich reads a speech in which00:15:00
he speaks impartially about the00:15:02
1st polar system of the world devices about the00:15:05
hegemony of the United States,00:15:07
saying that in the new world of the 21st00:15:10
century, this kind of hegemony is an outdated00:15:13
armand for the protection of health,00:15:15
this should not happen, he literally00:15:18
says the following for the modern world00:15:21
1 polar model is not only unacceptable00:15:24
but also completely impossible it produced00:15:30
the effect of a bomb exploding in the West although in00:15:32
our country this was generally not very00:15:34
noticed, Russia stated that it00:15:37
would not put up with the unipolar model of00:15:40
the world and00:15:41
US hegemony, and from this moment we can assume00:15:45
that our relations with the United00:15:46
States of America and their allies are beginning to00:15:49
deteriorate quite seriously in July00:15:52
2007, after signing, or more precisely about him00:15:55
reading, this Munich speech,00:15:57
Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the00:16:00
suspension of the Russian Federation of the00:16:02
Treaty on Conventional Armed00:16:05
Forces in Europe and related00:16:07
international treaties; this is one of the00:16:10
so-called treaties00:16:12
that was signed back in the00:16:15
late Gorbachev's perestroika and according to00:16:17
which, in general, Russia actually00:16:19
refused any military00:16:23
presence in Europe,00:16:25
now, in the conditions of such00:16:28
gradually growing problems in00:16:30
relations with the United States, Russia begins to again00:16:33
concentrate its armed forces in the00:16:37
western regions of the country;00:16:40
the situation became even more complicated in 2008 year when,00:16:45
against the backdrop of00:16:46
openly anti-Russian rhetoric and00:16:49
propaganda, Ukraine,00:16:51
where at that time an absolutely00:16:53
pro-American President00:16:55
Yushchenko was in power, and Georgia, where at that time an00:16:59
even more pro-American00:17:02
President Saakashvili was in power, began to00:17:05
talk about Russia and00:17:08
Georgia joining NATO00:17:09
and in principle, in the North Atlantic00:17:12
Alliance, at the suggestion of the United States of00:17:14
America, they reacted quite favorably to00:17:18
this proposal from the Ukrainian00:17:22
Georgian leadership, but for us this00:17:24
meant that NATO bases would00:17:27
directly approach not only00:17:29
our borders but also our main00:17:31
economic political center,00:17:33
including the capital of Moscow,00:17:36
moreover, in the same Georgia, the00:17:38
local president, Mikheil Saakashvili,00:17:40
decided to test Russia's strength00:17:43
by unleashing00:17:46
a war in the compartment in 2008 about this war, the war of the three00:17:49
eights, we will also00:17:51
cook a little later in more detail in general, how00:17:54
we see 2008 and 2009 relations with00:17:58
the West have become quite complicated,00:18:00
but for some period,00:18:04
completely unexpectedly for many,00:18:06
what is called a reset of00:18:09
relations between Russia and the United States occurs;00:18:12
this reset, that is, such a temporary00:18:15
improvement in Russian-American00:18:18
relations, is associated with the fact that in00:18:20
2008 the supreme power of the United00:18:23
States of America is also in Russia has changed in00:18:26
America, resigns having exhausted00:18:30
his two terms, President George W. Bush,00:18:33
who was very vividly but not very censorshiply00:18:40
described by our politician Vladimir00:18:42
Volfovich Zhirinovsky, or rather a man00:18:45
similar to Vladimir Volfovich00:18:46
Zhirinovsky,00:18:48
during one of the speeches of00:18:51
this supposedly similar man to Zhirinovsky00:18:54
in the bathhouse,00:18:55
I can’t now directly for quoting what00:18:58
Vladimir Volfovich called this00:19:02
American president, but it sounds bright00:19:05
and unambiguous, this cowboy George W.00:19:11
Bush is leaving the presidency, and his00:19:13
place is being taken by the first black00:19:14
president of the United States, Barack Obama, a00:19:17
representative of the Republican and00:19:19
Democratic parties who for some reason00:19:22
in the United States of America believe00:19:24
on the left in Russia there is also a00:19:27
change of power in 2008, Putin takes over the00:19:31
post of Prime Minister of the Russian00:19:33
Federation about the President of Russia, that is, the00:19:35
person primarily responsible for00:19:37
foreign policy becomes Dmitry00:19:39
Anatolyevich Medvedev, and now the administrations of00:19:43
Obama and00:19:44
Medvedev were quite ready00:19:47
for to make a certain00:19:49
reset in Russian-American00:19:50
relations,00:19:52
the symbol of this reset was the action00:19:55
carried out by00:19:57
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton00:19:59
and our Foreign Minister Sergei00:20:01
Lavrov on00:20:02
March 6, 2009 in Geneva, Switzerland,00:20:06
they held the first official00:20:08
bilateral meeting and during this00:20:10
meeting00:20:12
Clinton and Lavrov that called the00:20:15
start of a reboot in relation to the USA and00:20:17
Russia, moreover, they even00:20:21
pressed the big red button together on which it00:20:24
should have been written reboot00:20:27
in English, of course it’s true, that’s00:20:33
when they tried to depict this very reboot00:20:35
in English in00:20:36
Russian letters, they00:20:38
made a little mistake, the result00:20:40
was that before the buttons00:20:41
are written in English, reboot00:20:43
in Russian, overload and Clinton and00:20:47
Lavrov pressed the overload button,00:20:50
Soviet or rather Russian-American00:20:53
relations, as you and I will see,00:20:54
the reboot really didn’t work out,00:20:57
but Perry loaded our relations in the00:20:59
future more than, nevertheless, there00:21:05
seemed to be a reboot launched and restored the00:21:08
work of this organization, the00:21:11
Russia-NATO Council, which was frozen00:21:13
after the00:21:15
Georgian Ossetian conflict in00:21:17
2008 in 2010, Presidents Obama and00:21:21
Medvedev00:21:22
signed the START-3 treaty,00:21:26
that is, the 3rd treaty on the reduction of00:21:29
offensive strategic00:21:31
offensive weapons, according to this00:21:33
treaty it was assumed that military00:21:37
reserves are arsenals nuclear weapons of the United States and00:21:41
Russia will be reduced to 800 warheads00:21:45
on both sides;00:21:47
however, subsequently this agreement has not00:21:51
yet been fully implemented; the00:21:54
leadership of Russia during the00:21:56
presidency of Dmitry Natalia Medvedev00:21:59
again turned a blind eye to00:22:02
those completely, so to speak,00:22:08
unceremonious actions that The USA and00:22:11
NATO are taking steps towards the00:22:14
countries of the East in 2011, with the support of the USA00:22:18
and NATO, with their support, a whole00:22:20
series of00:22:21
such color revolutions begins in the00:22:23
countries of North Africa and the Middle00:22:26
East until the so-called Arab Spring,00:22:29
which began in Tunisia with mass00:22:31
unrest and continued in Egypt then00:22:34
in Libya,00:22:35
then in Syria, and during this00:22:39
Arab spring in 2011, the Russian00:22:42
leadership led by Medvedev did not00:22:46
support our longtime ally, the00:22:51
Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi,00:22:53
whom pro-American00:22:57
Protestants not only overthrew, but then00:23:00
caught and brutally killed, and again The00:23:04
American establishment, which wedged00:23:06
Gaddafi as a terrible leader on the support of00:23:11
international terrorism,00:23:12
again could not hide its joy.00:23:16
Within the framework of this cooperation in00:23:19
2012, the issue of00:23:24
creating a00:23:26
NATO air base on the territory of the Russian Federation was even seriously discussed in order to create00:23:29
in this military The NATO air base was00:23:30
supposed to have an airfield in the city of00:23:33
Ulyanovsk and00:23:35
transit cargo was supposed to be sent through Ulyanovsk in the00:23:38
direction of Afghanistan,00:23:40
however, despite the fact that it seemed like the00:23:44
whole thing was in the works and the00:23:45
main documents seemed to have been00:23:48
discussed, there was no final decision on00:23:51
this matter and after 2012,00:23:54
this project about the NATO base in Ulyanovsk,00:23:57
he just naturally00:24:00
stopped talking about him because a00:24:03
new era begins, an era that00:24:06
can be called the Cold War 20 it is clear00:24:10
that the United States of America00:24:11
tried to maintain00:24:14
the situation in the world where they are the00:24:16
hegemon, the United States of America00:24:19
understood that from a unipolar world the United States00:24:22
has00:24:23
excellent, quite serious and very00:24:26
significant preferences in the world, this00:24:30
allows not only to dictate its00:24:31
terms to different countries but also to receive00:24:33
quite serious economic00:24:35
profits, so it is natural that this is the00:24:38
hegemony of the United States and preservation was the00:24:40
main task of the American00:24:42
political establishment of the00:24:45
Russian Federation with Putin's next00:24:49
ascension to the presidency, he00:24:52
begins to pursue a foreign policy that is even more independent from the00:24:56
United States of America00:24:58
and allows himself quite such00:25:01
rhetoric that is not loyal to the United States in public00:25:05
speeches. Of00:25:06
course, one can discuss00:25:08
how much our Putin leadership00:25:11
was ready for a serious conflict with the00:25:13
United States of America, but It is no00:25:17
coincidence that it was during00:25:20
Putin’s third term that the word Pindos in relation to the United States of America was actively included in our political00:25:24
lexicon, not only in conversations on00:25:27
Russian-language Internet sites,00:25:34
but this contradiction00:25:37
should have led to an aggravation of00:25:38
relations, and we see this aggravation00:25:42
in In 2013,00:25:45
relations between Russia and the United States00:25:48
seriously deteriorated due to the fact that00:25:50
Russia provided asylum to such a00:25:53
character as Edward Snowden, this00:25:56
man, in the opinion of the United States of00:25:58
America, by revealing into the public space00:26:00
some secrets and secrets of American00:26:04
politics and diplomacy caused00:26:06
terrible harm to the United States and was forced to go00:26:08
into hiding from American justice,00:26:11
Russia granted him political00:26:14
asylum in the USA, this, of course, categorically did00:26:19
not like Russia, but it categorically did00:26:21
not like that the United States of00:26:23
America in00:26:24
one thousand eleven, 2012, actively00:26:26
supported our own color00:26:29
revolution in Russia, that is, the00:26:31
white ribbon movement,00:26:32
and these relations were at their peak, so to00:26:37
speak00:26:38
had its tension in two thousand and thirteen and00:26:42
fourteen when the00:26:46
Ukrainian crisis began and continued in00:26:50
2015 when the Syrian crisis broke out. The00:26:53
result of these complex00:26:56
relations between Russia and the United States during this00:26:58
period in the 3rd and fourth term of00:27:01
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was the00:27:03
regime of economic and political00:27:04
sanctions from the United States states and the00:27:07
European community in this case, the00:27:11
United States and the European00:27:14
community again played the card of00:27:15
infringement of human rights in Russia,00:27:19
saying that the rights of the00:27:22
liberal opposition are being infringed, saying that00:27:26
we are suppressing any dissent, saying that the00:27:29
rights00:27:31
of all kinds of minorities are being infringed first of all, of course,00:27:34
LGBT people and this is the basis00:27:38
for foreign policy sanctions, and of00:27:40
course, the largest scale, so to speak,00:27:43
and the sanctions reached after the00:27:46
famous Crimean spring, which we will00:27:48
also, of course, talk about today, this is00:27:51
how00:27:54
relations between the United States and the00:27:56
West have developed quite wave-like, as for relations with00:27:58
countries Far Eastern region, here,00:28:01
first of all, of course, our partner00:28:03
is the People's Republic of China,00:28:05
despite the fact that in Russia00:28:09
they have been building capitalism since 1990,00:28:14
and in China the00:28:17
Communist Party of China is still in power, which not00:28:20
so long ago celebrated its 100th00:28:21
anniversary between Russia00:28:24
and China are developing a strategic00:28:26
partnership, it is no coincidence that many00:28:29
publicists and even politicians say00:28:31
that in the 2000s Russia in its00:28:34
foreign policy was making a turn to00:28:37
the east. This was largely facilitated by the00:28:40
concessions that the Russian leadership00:28:41
made to the Chinese side, so Russia00:28:45
made serious territorial00:28:47
concessions in issues of the final00:28:50
demarcation of border delimitation with China00:28:53
along the Far Eastern rivers On October 4,00:28:57
2004, during a visit to Beijing, Vladimirovich00:29:00
Putin signed an agreement on the transfer of the00:29:03
islands00:29:06
on the Amur and Argun rivers to the People's Republic of China, and after that00:29:09
the border between China and00:29:12
Russia was finally drawn on part of the Russian00:29:15
territory about 300 square00:29:17
kilometers were transferred to the00:29:19
People's Republic of China, which is curious for these00:29:22
islands, let's say during the Brezhnev period, the00:29:27
Soviet Union almost fought with China00:29:29
before we know about the famous00:29:32
conflict on Damansky Island, which00:29:35
was accompanied by natural00:29:38
hostilities up to and including artillery00:29:40
shelling, however, Damansky Island00:29:43
so to speak, the symbol of the Soviet Chinese00:29:46
confrontation was transferred to China back in 1991, the00:29:50
Gorbachev leadership made00:29:52
such an elegant gesture in favor of our00:29:54
Chinese partners, not only in matters of00:29:57
territorial concessions,00:29:59
our strategic partnership with China00:30:01
is expressed by China today being the main external00:30:04
trading partner of the Russian Federation,00:30:07
primarily this is due to the fact that00:30:09
China is becoming such a kind of00:30:11
mirada factory,00:30:14
most of the goods today00:30:18
supplied to Russia are produced in00:30:20
China, it is no coincidence that the00:30:23
Chinese delivery service00:30:25
Aliexpress is so popular; in addition, our00:30:28
strategic partnership with China00:30:29
is expressed in the fact that China is one of the00:30:31
main00:30:33
buyers of Russian oil and gas products today00:30:36
resources,00:30:39
Russia supplies natural gas to China,00:30:42
for this, in 2019, the Gazprom00:30:46
Gazprom company opened a large gas pipeline,00:30:49
which was named after a village in Siberia,00:30:51
Russia supplies oil to China, before for00:30:54
this, a pipeline was also supplied,00:30:56
which is called the Eastern Siberia00:30:58
Pacific Ocean, and today Russia is the main00:31:03
supplier of oil and gas to the00:31:06
People's Republic of China,00:31:07
even the countries of the Middle East, the same00:31:09
Saudi Arabia which, as you know, is00:31:11
sitting on a large barrel of oil, we in this00:31:13
sense00:31:14
have overtaken. Very important for Russia from the point of view of00:31:18
international partnership00:31:19
is participation in various00:31:21
international economic organizations00:31:24
that unite countries not directly related to00:31:28
with the NATO bloc or the United00:31:30
States of America in 2001, Russia00:31:34
is a member of the Shanghai00:31:37
Cooperation Organization, this organization00:31:41
unites Russia and China, as well as00:31:43
Kazakhstan and the countries of Central Asia, which for some reason are00:31:47
now commonly called00:31:48
Central Asia, the former republics of the00:31:50
Soviet Union, this is the Shanghai00:31:53
Cooperation Organization in the first00:31:55
place associated with the economic00:31:58
integration of these major powers since00:32:02
2006, the Russian Federation has been00:32:06
a member and quite an influential00:32:09
member of such an international community00:32:11
that Western political scientists have called00:32:14
Brix Brix is the English abbreviation00:32:19
Brazil Russia00:32:22
India China and South Africa00:32:26
these are the countries that are the most rapidly00:32:29
developing countries of the 21st century00:32:32
countries that many consider future00:32:36
world powers to also be establishing their00:32:40
international cooperation, and by00:32:45
2020, 12 major such meetings had already taken place at the00:32:49
BRICS summits.00:32:52
In many ways, Russia is initiating00:32:55
various agreements within this00:32:57
community, and here it is00:33:03
necessary to say that such00:33:06
economic integration, of course,00:33:09
causes a certain dissatisfaction in the00:33:13
first place in the West, which in00:33:14
these00:33:15
non-American associations sees a00:33:19
certain threat for themselves00:33:21
since 2015, Russia has entered,00:33:25
well, more precisely, at least the correct00:33:27
word would be to unite countries around itself within the00:33:30
framework of the Eurasian Economic Union00:33:33
I a.e.00:33:35
and with the EU, the Eurasian Economic Union, which00:33:39
includes the former republics of the USSR, the00:33:42
Russian Federation, Belarus, Armenia,00:33:47
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and this very one00:33:50
is quite a logical00:33:53
development, then the integration of those00:33:56
integration processes that have been going on with the00:34:00
CIS countries since the 90s,00:34:02
in general, it must be said that the collapse of the00:34:04
Soviet Union very seriously hit00:34:06
not only Russia but also other00:34:09
former republics of the USSR, and if we say the00:34:12
Baltic countries very quickly00:34:14
reoriented to the West and entered the00:34:16
European community and NATO, then the00:34:19
other republics, in general, were not00:34:22
averse to resuming some kind of ties00:34:26
to unite with Russia into some kind of00:34:27
community and this is the development of00:34:31
integration of the former republics of the Soviet00:34:33
Union, the development of integration of the CIS countries00:34:37
is one of the most important in00:34:39
relations with neighboring countries,00:34:43
this is the third direction of our00:34:45
policy, it is connected precisely with00:34:47
integration, and even at the beginning of00:34:53
Putin’s During the reign of 2001, the00:34:56
Eurasian Economic00:34:58
Community was formed, which existed until00:35:03
2014. Since 2001, within the framework of this00:35:06
Eurasian Economic Community, in00:35:08
2010, a customs union was signed00:35:11
between00:35:13
Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan,00:35:16
Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, and this customs00:35:20
union established common customs rules and the00:35:23
ability to freely transport goods00:35:25
losses between the territories of these countries, and in00:35:29
2015, the00:35:30
Eurasian Economic Community and the00:35:34
Customs Union were transformed into the00:35:36
Eurasian Economic Union, which I00:35:41
already said, so we see attacks00:35:45
quite positive trends in the00:35:47
development of relations with the CIS countries,00:35:50
first of all, of course, with the countries of00:35:52
Central Asia, in many ways this It is also connected00:35:54
with the fact that the countries of Central Asia are00:35:56
interested in partnership with Russia,00:35:58
if only because a considerable part of the00:36:00
population of these countries as00:36:03
migrant workers go to work00:36:05
in Russia, but not only everything is00:36:09
good in relations; a00:36:10
serious problem in relations with the00:36:13
CIS countries is problems of color00:36:17
revolutions in the mid-2000s,00:36:19
this term color revolutions is very00:36:23
tightly included in the00:36:26
political science lexicon in the lexicon of00:36:29
public politicians and journalists,00:36:32
in general, today we can already say00:36:34
that this phenomenon can be carried in00:36:38
history textbooks, too, we are understood by00:36:41
color revolutions according to color00:36:43
revolutions understand, as I00:36:45
said above, coups d'etat00:36:49
that occur in certain00:36:51
countries using very00:36:53
specific technologies, a change in the ruling00:36:57
regime in this case occurs00:36:59
through mass street protests00:37:03
for which the trigger00:37:05
is usually fictitious or real00:37:07
falsifications and violations during00:37:11
certain elections, a characteristic feature of00:37:15
these color revolutions is00:37:18
very serious, first of all,00:37:21
propaganda support00:37:24
from Western countries, and secondly, a00:37:27
characteristic feature is that for00:37:30
such a color revolution to be successful,00:37:31
one part of the ruling elite00:37:34
must give in to the other part of the ruling elite00:37:37
and go over to the side of the00:37:39
Protestants.00:37:50
These are the kind of coups that we00:37:54
see in the 2000s00:37:57
quite often in those countries that00:38:00
either occupy pro-Russian positions or00:38:03
are directly our closest00:38:06
neighbors, carried out according to the same scheme, sometimes relatively bloodlessly and sometimes with shooting by unknown snipers and so on.00:38:07
if you go a little deeper into history,00:38:10
you can say that the first successful00:38:16
color revolutions that sounded like a mine to the whole world00:38:17
were the so-called velvet revolutions00:38:20
in Eastern Europe that occurred in the late00:38:23
80s, as well as the events that00:38:26
took place in the Soviet Union and then in the00:38:28
Russian Federation in 1991 and in00:38:33
1993, usually as a result of such00:38:36
color revolutions,00:38:40
pro-American political00:38:43
elites come to power and therefore what is called the00:38:47
United States of America in this00:38:49
case sticks out quite obviously when00:38:53
organizing such revolutions00:38:55
without Western help, it is virtually impossible to carry out such a00:38:59
coup d’etat00:39:01
and here it is Here, too, we need to00:39:03
make such a small but very important00:39:05
reservation: in our country they call revolutions, in00:39:08
fact, they are no revolutions at all. These00:39:10
data of mine that are happening in00:39:12
different countries are not even if they00:39:16
lead to the fact that one political00:39:17
group goes into exile and00:39:21
another part takes its place political00:39:24
elite, this is not a revolution at all,00:39:26
because a revolution is a change in the00:39:29
socio-economic system, in this00:39:32
case, the socio-economic system is no less00:39:36
simple: one part of the political00:39:39
elite changes to another part of the political elite,00:39:42
one clan changes another clan, while00:39:45
everything else remains the same, therefore,00:39:46
despite this beautiful name00:39:49
color revolutions, in a strictly scientific sense,00:39:51
these events cannot be called revolutions;00:39:54
such things happen quite00:39:57
often; signs of color revolutions, or as00:40:00
they say today, these technologies00:40:02
can be seen in the events of the Arab00:40:05
Spring of 2011,00:40:06
as well as in the events that took place00:40:10
primarily in the countries of the former00:40:13
republics of the USSR in 2000, with the help of00:40:18
just such a color revolution,00:40:20
the regime of Slobodan Milosevic was overthrown00:40:23
in Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, of course,00:40:25
was never part of the USSR,00:40:27
but the fate of Yugoslavia is in many ways00:40:30
similar, although in a much bloodier00:40:34
version, with the civil war, the00:40:36
collapse of this country occurred and that’s where the leader was00:40:39
removed just with the help of this 100:40:41
perhaps one of the successful Maidans of the 21st century00:40:44
then 2013 I apologize in 200300:40:47
another color revolution takes place in00:40:51
Georgia where they remove President Eduard00:40:53
Shevardnadze and install President Mikheil00:40:55
Saakashvili in 2004 the famous Maidan00:41:00
or Orange Revolution orange and00:41:03
the revolution as they said Ukrainians in Kiev00:41:06
and again this is connected with the elections in 2005,00:41:10
such a color revolution occurs in00:41:14
Kyrgyzstan in 2009 in Moldova00:41:16
in 2014 again in Ukraine in 2018 in Armenia00:41:22
in all these cases, pro00:41:23
-American00:41:25
elite groups come to power and this is00:41:28
naturally accompanied by00:41:29
anti-Russian rhetoric,00:41:30
anti-Russian activities and00:41:33
confrontation, by and large, a00:41:34
serious confrontation with Russia, it really00:41:37
must be said that there are examples of how00:41:40
such my given00:41:42
technologies, color revolution technologies, do00:41:44
not work, and so, for example, in00:41:48
2008 in Armenia it did not succeed in 2006 201000:41:53
202000:41:54
similar color revolutions could not00:41:57
achieve success in Belarus, where the00:41:59
local president, Alexander Grigoryevich00:42:02
Lukashenko, in general, took00:42:05
quite harsh measures with his Protestants, but still00:42:07
managed, it didn’t happen,00:42:11
such a color revolution was not successful, and in 201100:42:15
2012 in Russia the white ribbon movement00:42:19
was defeated, our liberal00:42:22
opposition was forced to crawl away to lick its wounds00:42:25
own holes, so00:42:28
color revolutions do not always00:42:29
lead to success, but when they do, it00:42:32
often greatly complicates00:42:34
relations with our country,00:42:37
this is especially evident around00:42:40
events related to Ukraine and Georgia,00:42:43
as I already said in 2003, the00:42:47
so-called Rose Revolution took place in Georgia00:42:50
when the party won the parliamentary elections,00:42:55
or rather a bloc of parties loyal to the then00:42:57
president of Georgia, Eduard Shevardnadze,00:43:00
Eduard Shevardnadze, the00:43:01
former Minister of Foreign Affairs in the00:43:04
Gorbachev scam of the USSR, took a relatively00:43:08
loyal position to Russia,00:43:09
this did not really suit the00:43:11
pro-American forces that nominated00:43:13
their candidate Mikheil Saakashvili,00:43:16
Saakashvili’s party lost the00:43:18
parliamentary elections, but announced her00:43:20
victory and demanded re-elections in00:43:26
order to give credibility and00:43:28
her demands were brought out into the streets by00:43:29
masses of people as a result of which she00:43:33
announced her resignation about the President of00:43:35
Georgia soon becomes Mikheil00:43:37
Saakashvili after which he takes a00:43:40
fiercely anti-Russian position00:43:43
primarily related to issues00:43:45
South Ossetia and Abkhazia in 2004, according to the00:43:49
same scheme, a coup takes place in00:43:52
Ukraine when during the elections the00:43:56
pro-Russian president Viktor00:43:58
Yanukovych won the next one, so I am00:44:01
not yet a president, a candidate for the post of00:44:03
president won, at least according to00:44:05
official data, but the pro-American00:44:08
opposition in the person of Viktor Yushchenko his00:44:11
supporters declared falsifications00:44:13
that in fact Yushchenko won the elections00:44:17
and was held at the request of a00:44:19
huge mass of people, Maidan Nezalezhnosti, which came out to00:44:22
Kiev Independence Square,00:44:25
was held, we will hold the third round of00:44:27
elections in which it was believed that00:44:31
Viktor Yushchenko won, right then in our00:44:35
political and then and the00:44:38
concept of Maidan is included in historical speech00:44:39
since the main events of00:44:42
this Orange Revolution in Ukraine00:44:44
took place precisely on the square that00:44:47
Ukrainians call Maidan of Independence00:44:50
immediately00:44:51
and the leadership of Saakashvili and the leadership of00:44:54
Yushchenko take an extremely anti-Russian00:44:58
position, it is no coincidence that Mikheil Saakashvili00:45:03
is trying one of the Gordian knots00:45:07
between Russia and Georgia decided by military00:45:10
means when Georgia announced its00:45:12
secession from the USSR, 2 of its parts00:45:15
Abkhazia and South Ossetia did not support this decision,00:45:17
these autonomous republics00:45:19
declared that they were becoming00:45:21
sovereign states, Georgia did not recognize the independence of00:45:23
Abkhazia and South Ossetia00:45:25
in the early 90s In the 1990s, there00:45:28
were real military operations there, as00:45:30
a result of which Russia sent00:45:33
its peacekeeping contingents there00:45:35
to stop the bloodshed, and until00:45:37
2008 our peacekeeping00:45:39
contingents were there, nevertheless, the00:45:42
Georgian leadership led by00:45:43
Saakashvili tried to solve the problem by00:45:45
force by returning South00:45:49
Ossetia to Georgian control by armed means 8 August00:45:52
2008, on the day when the00:45:54
Olympic Games opened in Beijing before Georgia00:45:58
begins military operations against South00:46:01
Ossetia, and these military operations00:46:03
are carried out not only against the South Ossetian00:46:06
militias00:46:07
to the local armed forces of the00:46:11
self-proclaimed republic, but also00:46:13
against the Russian peacekeeping00:46:14
contingents that were located in00:46:17
South Ossetia00:46:18
because here these military00:46:20
clashes began on August 8, 2008,00:46:23
they received in history the name war of00:46:26
three eights 808 200800:46:30
Russia, but it reacted very sharply, a00:46:33
military operation was carried out, as00:46:37
our then politicians Prime00:46:39
Putin and President Medvedev said, an operation to00:46:43
force Georgia to peace, the Georgian00:46:46
army was instantly defeated and already on00:46:49
August 12, 4 days after the start of00:46:51
large-scale hostilities, a00:46:55
ceasefire agreement was signed. At00:46:58
that moment, Russian troops were standing00:47:00
not far from Tbilisi and Mikheil00:47:02
Saakashvili was already ready to00:47:03
flee Georgia; one way or another,00:47:07
this00:47:08
South Ossetian conflict, the war of the three00:47:10
eights, is quite seriously strained our00:47:14
relations not only with the Georgians but also with the00:47:16
United States of America, which00:47:19
stood for Saakashvili, and00:47:22
our relations with our00:47:24
closest neighbors reached no less a degree of tension in 201300:47:28
in connection with the events in Ukraine; at that00:47:31
moment, President Viktor Yanukovych was in power in Ukraine,00:47:33
which he00:47:35
won in 2010 the presidential elections of00:47:38
his opponent Viktor Yushchenko but00:47:42
Yanukovych are considered pro-Russian00:47:45
and a president-minded, he00:47:47
really pursued00:47:49
such a multi-vector policy without breaking with00:47:52
Europe, he did not aggravate relations with our00:47:57
country, the western part of the Ukrainian00:48:01
political elite did00:48:02
not really like this and in November00:48:04
2013 they brought in Protestants at the same00:48:08
time, my data is laid in Kiev,00:48:10
mass protests begin,00:48:12
which very quickly received support00:48:15
in the West, pr support, media support,00:48:18
financial support, political00:48:21
support, and spread throughout00:48:24
Ukraine, as a result, Viktor Yanukovych00:48:26
tried to compromise with00:48:29
the opposition, even concluded00:48:31
an agreement with them, but this the opposition was00:48:34
not going to fulfill the agreement in any way, and on00:48:36
February 22, 2014, a coup d’etat took place in Ukraine,00:48:41
President Yanukovych was removed from00:48:44
power, fled the country, took refuge on the00:48:46
territory of the Russian Federation, and00:48:48
extreme nationalist pro-Western politicians came to power in Ukraine,00:48:54
which caused a very00:48:57
serious negative reaction to the00:48:59
territories of south-eastern Ukraine, which00:49:02
traditionally have always gravitated towards Russia and as00:49:06
a result, part of the Ukrainian territory00:49:09
declares non-recognition of this00:49:11
coup d'etat and secession00:49:14
from Ukraine, the00:49:19
republics of Donbass rightfully declare their independence, the Luhansk00:49:23
People's Republic and the Donetsk00:49:26
People's Republic are formed into these00:49:28
self-proclaimed republics to this00:49:30
day are conflict zones on our00:49:33
western borders, Russia has not recognized them00:49:36
but provides them with moral and some00:49:41
say even material and00:49:43
military assistance, since the new00:49:47
Ukrainian leadership, which came to00:49:50
power as a result of the Maidan in 2014,00:49:54
launched military operations against the00:49:57
Donetsk and Lugansk people's republics00:49:59
and there an armed conflict in essence, the00:50:02
civil war in Ukraine has been going on since00:50:05
14 until now,00:50:09
events in the Crimea have developed even more decisively,00:50:11
as you know, the Crimea was transferred to the00:50:14
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist00:50:16
Republic from the USSR under00:50:19
Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev and then00:50:23
no one particularly worried about it00:50:25
because This internal00:50:26
division of the Soviet Union was of a purely00:50:31
formal nature,00:50:32
however, a little later, when the Soviet Union00:50:36
collapsed, Crimea ended up being part of00:50:40
Ukraine, despite the fact that it tried to00:50:42
declare its autonomy and even00:50:46
formally had this autonomy as part of00:50:48
unitary Ukraine, in fact, it00:50:52
never felt completely Ukrainian,00:50:55
of course in Crimea,00:50:59
pro-Russian sentiments were very strong and the policy of00:51:04
Ukrainian nationalists in Crimea caused00:51:06
purely indignation, as a result,00:51:10
protests began in Crimea at00:51:12
which the idea of secession from00:51:14
Ukraine00:51:15
and joining Russia was put forward; attempts by00:51:18
Ukrainian nationalists to suppress00:51:20
this movement in Crimea00:51:21
were stopped by Crimean forces00:51:25
self-defense behind the00:51:26
pins of which were Russian military personnel00:51:29
from Russian military bases in Crimea and on00:51:32
March 16, 2014, a00:51:36
referendum takes place in the then Ukrainian Crimea in which the00:51:40
majority of residents of Crimea, why not00:51:42
just the majority, the vast00:51:44
majority00:51:45
declare their readiness and desire to00:51:49
secede from Ukraine00:51:51
and join Russia00:51:56
90 6.7700:52:01
percent of the residents of the entire Crimea ninety-00:52:05
five point six percent of the residents of the00:52:09
city of Sevastopol voted in favor of leaving Ukraine and joining Russia. As a result, our00:52:12
leadership, the Russian leadership,00:52:14
decides to recognize this00:52:17
referendum and our Federation Council00:52:22
agrees to the entry of the republic Crimea and00:52:27
the city of Sevastopol became part of the Russian00:52:30
Federation On March 18, 2014,00:52:34
Crimea and Sevastopol returned to Russia,00:52:37
this simply caused an explosion of indignation00:52:40
both in Ukraine and in Western countries, and00:52:44
the question of whose Crimea00:52:47
is still a debatable issue in00:52:50
international politics, most countries00:52:52
included Crimea in they did not accept the composition of Russia00:52:55
and imposed00:52:58
additional00:52:59
sanctions on Russia, which we can, however, see00:53:02
today; and finally, another serious00:53:05
foreign policy action at the beginning of the00:53:10
21st century was Russia’s participation in the Syrian00:53:13
crisis; the00:53:14
Syrian crisis begins in 2011 in the00:53:19
wake of the so-called Arab Spring00:53:23
when in in various countries of the Middle00:53:26
East and North Africa, using the methods of00:53:29
color revolutions and sometimes openly00:53:31
civil military armed00:53:34
conflict with the support of the United States and Western countries,00:53:36
they overthrow and there are not ruling00:53:38
regimes, regimes that are quite authoritarian, but00:53:41
nevertheless those who replace them,00:53:44
in general, are not less authoritarian from an00:53:47
objective point of view in Syria, the local00:53:50
Syrian opposition, supported by00:53:52
the West, opposes President00:53:54
Bashar al-Assad, President Bashar al-Assad is the00:53:58
son of the previous Syrian leader,00:54:00
Hafiz Sada, who was one of the00:54:03
main allies of the USSR in the Middle00:54:05
East,00:54:06
Bashar al-Assad was a very, very significant00:54:10
political partner for the already00:54:13
post-Soviet It is natural for Russia that in00:54:17
Russia these actions of disobedience to the00:54:19
civil war in Syria that00:54:21
unfolded there were perceived extremely negatively00:54:23
because Bashar al-Assad00:54:25
is our strategic partner, the situation00:54:30
was further aggravated by the fact that00:54:35
Islamic terrorist00:54:38
groups, in particular the famous ISIS00:54:42
organization, are on the side of the irreconcilable opposition against Assad An Islamic state is a00:54:46
terrorist organization banned on the territory of Russia, which00:54:48
also opposes Assad with its00:54:50
terrorist methods, this leads00:54:54
to the growth of international terrorism, this00:54:57
leads to bloodshed in Syria,00:55:00
including large casualties among the00:55:01
civilian population, and this leads to00:55:03
serious threats to the external00:55:05
economic interests of the Russian00:55:07
Federation00:55:08
because there was a project that00:55:12
through the territory of Syria00:55:16
natural gas would be supplied to Europe from Qatar and00:55:20
other countries of the Persian Gulf, which00:55:23
were partners of the United States of00:55:25
America for the Russian corporation00:55:26
Gazprom, which is the main00:55:28
supplier of natural gas to Europe,00:55:31
such competition in general is not really00:55:32
necessary, so it is not surprising that our00:55:36
ally Assad00:55:39
did not give sanctions for the creation of this gas transit through the series,00:55:43
in fact, disrupting this plan,00:55:46
so it was necessary to do everything in our power to ensure00:55:50
that Assad retained power and on00:55:53
October 30, 2015, Russia agreed to00:56:00
Bashar al-Assad’s appeal for military assistance, the Russian00:56:05
military by order of President Putin00:56:09
with the consent of the Federation Council, they00:56:10
are sent to Syria to carry out00:56:14
peacekeeping actions to combat00:56:16
international terrorism and, of00:56:18
course, to protect Russian00:56:21
foreign policy interests in Syria,00:56:23
despite the fact that00:56:27
President Putin will subsequently announce that00:56:29
our troops have fulfilled their task in Syria, our00:56:33
limited contingent has00:56:34
so far Our armed forces are00:56:36
not taking part in this Syrian conflict; they00:56:39
continue to take part completely;00:56:43
they have not been withdrawn from there and probably00:56:45
will never be withdrawn,00:56:48
unless the foreign policy00:56:50
situation changes, since it is for Russia to have its own00:56:52
naval and simply military bases in the00:56:55
Middle East00:56:57
which claims to be,00:56:59
if not a world power, then at00:57:01
least a regional one, it is very, very important that00:57:06
foreign policy at the beginning of the 21st century was so complex and contradictory,00:57:11
if we evaluate it in general, then00:57:15
we can probably say that our current president,00:57:17
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, is00:57:21
precisely foreign policy pays more00:57:23
attention and often this comes to the detriment of00:57:27
domestic policy; if00:57:31
Putin’s foreign policy speaks from the point of view of00:57:33
reviving the greatness of Russia, then these are the00:57:36
measures that are being taken within the framework of the00:57:38
dominant capitalist system00:57:40
within the country, often this very greatness of00:57:45
Russia undermines such a00:57:48
dialectical contradiction in the next00:57:51
lecture we we will end our big00:57:53
series by talking about the culture of Russia00:57:56
at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the 21st century,00:58:02
thank you very much for your attention all the00:58:04
best [music]00:58:16
[music]Description:
Помочь проекту: Карта Сбер: 4276-1600-2591-5647 ЮMoney/Яндекс.Деньги: 41001413162406 Наш проект на Boosty: https://boosty.to/cultural Приобрести все презентации к циклу лекций можно здесь: https://boosty.to/cultural/posts/669924de-51e1-47fe-8407-38c8885c366f Лекции по истории России: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtIzXPHal2WPWVlE38Gl9HVsgCMN1Fd-K Лекции по истории Средних веков: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtIzXPHal2WPdTux2Mv0iekSzQcSaOnd- Лекции по истории Древнего мира: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtIzXPHal2WMhh1EXi_Vs8XyZ57HytYXx 00:00 - Вводная 00:37 - Внешняя политика России в XXI веке 02:29 - Отношения с США и НАТО 18:00 - "Перезагрузка" отношений Россия-США 24:03 - "Холодная война 2.0" 27:52 - Отношения с Китаем 31:16 - Участие в международных экономических организациях 34:50 - Отношения со странами СНГ 36:18 - "Цветные революции" 42:37 - Проблемы в отношениях с Грузией и Украиной 44:50 - Война в Южной Осетии 47:20 - Украинский кризис 52:10 - Воссоединение Крыма с Россией 53:03 - Сирийский кризис
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