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Russian
00:00:05
Mankind has been looking up at the stars
for centuries, wondering what lies out there 00:00:10
in deep space, and if there are
other civilizations like ours 00:00:14
that exist. We started using telescopes, but
when that wasn’t enough, advanced technology 00:00:20
led to the creation of space probes so we could
get a better look at our solar system and beyond.00:00:27
The Voyagers are two of the most iconic spacecraft
mankind has ever invented and launched into space, 00:00:33
and they’re still out there
hurtling through the cosmos.00:00:36
And after 7 months of silence the amazing
Voyager 2 once again called back home top Earth.00:00:44
Now get ready to find out more about these amazing
spacecraft, the incredible things they found, 00:00:50
where they are now, how far they have traveled
away from us, and what is in their future.00:01:03
[LOGO]00:01:04
In the history of spaceflight, only five
spacecraft launched by humanity have the momentum 00:01:10
to leave our solar system. The Voyagers are two
of these spacecraft, and they ended up discovering 00:01:16
more than we thought they would, and have lasted
a lot longer than NASA predicted. We think they’re 00:01:22
just not given the love they deserve, so we’re
going to tell you some really interesting things 00:01:26
about them you might not know, what they
have discovered, and where they are headed.00:01:31
Officially approved back in 1972, the
Voyager project was originally called 00:01:37
Mariner/Jupiter Saturn, and the probes were
previously named Mariner 11 and Mariner 12, 00:01:42
but NASA decided to change the name because these
two new probes had progressed sufficiently beyond 00:01:48
that of the Mariner spacecraft family. In
other words, they were much more advanced.00:01:53
Now, while we’re on the subject, it’s really
interesting to look at the technology and hardware 00:01:58
of these vintage probes. These spacecraft
were launched an astounding 44 years ago. 00:02:03
Voyager 2 on August 20, 1977, and Voyager 1 2
weeks later on September 5, 1977. This was at 00:02:13
a time when important advances were made in the
science of gravity-assisted orbital trajectories, 00:02:18
or in other words; the ability for spacecraft to
use the gravity of a nearby planet to give it a 00:02:23
large boost in velocity as long as the spacecraft
follows the intended or mapped out orbit.00:02:29
First, let’s talk about the computers, which are
identical in both spacecraft. Each computer system 00:02:35
aboard the Voyager spacecraft is dual-redundant,
meaning there was two of everything in the event 00:02:40
one computer system should fail. The computers
aboard the voyager probes each have just 69.63 00:02:47
kilobytes of memory, total. That’s only enough
space to store an average sized JPEG photo file.00:02:54
Each of the space probe’s scientific data is
encoded on old-fashioned digital 8-track tape 00:02:59
machines. However, they aren’t anything like your
grandfather’s 8-track stereo in his classic muscle 00:03:05
car. There aren’t any physical examples that
exist, or anything sitting in a museum somewhere, 00:03:11
but we do have a photo of it. Yes,
this is the data tape recorder that 00:03:16
was subcontracted to Lockheed and manufactured
by Odetics Corp for both Voyager spacecraft. 00:03:22
It could record data at two
different speeds: 115.2 kbps 00:03:27
and 7.2 kbps [kilobytes per second]. Playback
topped out at a much slower 57.6 kbps, 00:03:34
with 33.6, 21.6, and 7.2 kbps being options as
well. Exactly what the magnetic tape was made of, 00:03:44
and what secrets were used to keep it from
degrading in the harsh environment of space 00:03:48
is unclear. Whatever those secrets are, they
seem to have worked because the DTR’s in both 00:03:54
spacecraft performed flawlessly from their launch,
through the entire Grand Tour mission, and even 00:04:00
the extended mission that set both of these
spacecraft on a course out of our solar system.00:04:06
The Voyager spacecraft computers are capable
of executing about 81,000 instructions per 00:04:11
second. Your smartphone that you might be
watching this video on is probably around 00:04:16
7500 times faster than that! They transmit
data back to Earth at 160 bits per second. 00:04:24
To give you an idea of that speed,
if you used this same connection, 00:04:28
it would take you around 8.5 years
to download a 5gb movie from netflix.00:04:34
But probably the most interesting
thing aboard each spacecraft, 00:04:38
the Voyagers have something no other
spacecraft have; a golden phonograph 00:04:42
record. These two gold-plated copper discs
contain 115 analog-encoded photographs, 00:04:50
greetings in 55 languages, and a 12-minute montage
of sounds on Earth, and 90 minutes of music. These 00:04:58
were made in the event an extraterrestrial
civilization ever finds one of the probes.00:05:03
Powering each spacecraft are three
plutonium dioxide radioisotope 00:05:08
thermoelectric generators or RTGs
mounted at the end of a boom.00:05:13
Each probe was fitted with 11
different scientific instruments, 00:05:16
which if we explained in detail
would take easily over an hour.00:05:20
(narrator - do not narrate) (video
editor - put on screen as text) [1. Imaging Science System (ISS)
2. Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) 3. Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS)
4. Planetary Radio Astronomy Experiment (PRA) 00:05:21
5. Photopolarimeter (PPS)
6. Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) 7. Plasma Spectrometer (PLS)
8. Low-Energy Charged Particles Experiment (LECP)
9. Plasma Waves Experiment (PWS) 10. Cosmic Ray Telescope (CRS)
11. Radio Science System (RSS)] Instead, let’s look at a few of the
exciting things the Voyager probes found, 00:05:26
and the images captured during their
missions using these instruments.00:05:30
Both spacecraft have been traveling
along different trajectories and at 00:05:34
different speeds. Voyager 1 is traveling
faster, at a speed of about 61,155.07 00:05:48
kilometers per hour [38,000 mph],
compared to Voyager 2's velocity of 00:05:50
56,327.04 kilometers per hour [35,000 mph].
(narrator - give a 2 second pause between the planets so we have some time to show some images)
Voyager 1 captured incredible images of Venus, 00:05:55
Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, and Uranus.
Voyager 1 also captured an incredible 00:06:04
image of Jupiter’s moon Io where a volcano
was seen erupting from the surface. 00:06:10
It was the first time ever that an active volcano
had been seen elsewhere in the solar system.00:06:17
But the most famous image Voyager 1 captured
was of the Earth, or what is famously known 00:06:22
as The Pale Blue Dot taken February
14, 1990 at a distance of 6 billion 00:06:28
kilometers [3.7 billion miles] away, and inspired
the title of Carl Sagan’s book; A Pale Blue Dot: 00:06:34
A Vision of the Human Future in Space.00:06:37
Voyager 2, on the other hand, began
transmitting images of Jupiter on April 24, 00:06:41
1979 that were put together to show a time-lapse
movie of the gas giant's atmospheric circulation, 00:06:48
including the infamous Great Red Spot storm
that is three-times the diameter of Earth. 00:06:54
Voyager 2 was able to do this because it made
closer passes to Jupiter and the Jovian moons.00:07:01
On August 25, 1989, Voyager 2 flew by Triton, one
of Neptune’s moons. The Voyager 2 data was used 00:07:09
to construct this video of its exciting encounter,
and showed us Jupiter as we had never seen before.00:07:16
Between them, Voyager 1 and 2 explored all of
the giant planets of our outer solar system, 00:07:22
and 48 moons, a unique system of rings, and the
magnetic fields of each of the outer planets.00:07:29
But this wouldn’t be all
Voyager 1 and 2 would discover, 00:07:32
as you’re about to find out. In fact,
they would encounter something far 00:07:36
more mysterious and unknown, and
something they weren’t even designed for.00:07:41
Voyager 1 entered interstellar space on August 25, 00:07:45
2012, and was the first
human-made object to do so,00:07:50
As Voyager 1 left the heliosphere, which is
a giant bubble of charged particles that the 00:07:54
sun blows around itself, the probe recorded
a 1,000-fold drop in heliosphere particles 00:08:00
and a 9% increase in galactic cosmic rays
that come from outside the solar system.00:08:06
Since flying into interstellar space,
Voyager 1 has sent back some information 00:08:11
about the conditions in this dark zone of the
universe. One of those discoveries is that the 00:08:16
cosmic radiation out there is very intense and
demonstrates how charged particles from the sun 00:08:23
interact with particles emitted by other
stars, and how this bubble of charged 00:08:27
particles protects everything inside our
solar system from those deadly cosmic rays.00:08:33
On November 5, 2018, Voyager 2 became the second
spacecraft ever to enter interstellar space when 00:08:40
the probe registered a sudden decrease in
solar wind particles emanating from the Sun, 00:08:45
and at the same time, it also experienced
an increase in galactic cosmic rays 00:08:50
and the strength of the
interstellar magnetic field.00:08:53
Voyager 1 has continued to astound engineers
when in December 2017, it successfully used its 00:08:59
backup thrusters to orient itself so that we
could communicate with it back here on Earth. 00:09:04
Those thrusters hadn’t been used
since November 1980 during Voyager 00:09:09
1’s flyby of Saturn. How’s that for reliability?00:09:13
The Voyager probes are always sending out
a signal. Each probe has a 22.4-watt radio 00:09:18
transmitter, which is about equivalent
to a tiny refrigerator light bulb. 00:09:22
The mind blowing thing is that by the time its
signal reaches us, the power has been reduced to 00:09:28
roughly 0.1 billion-billionth of a watt! It’s
so small that NASA has to use its Deep Space 00:09:35
Network array of giant radio antennas together
which consist of three facilities spaced apart 00:09:41
from each other around the world; the Madrid Deep
Space Communications Complex - The Canberra Deep 00:09:47
Space Communication Complex in Australia, and
the massive 70-meter [230-foot] antenna at the 00:09:53
Goldstone Deep Space Communications
Complex in Barstow, California.00:09:58
The sensitivity of NASA's deep-space
tracking antennas located around the world 00:10:02
is truly incredible. These huge antennas
must capture Voyager information from a 00:10:07
signal so weak that the power striking
the antenna is only 10 exponent -16 00:10:13
watts [1 part in 10 quadrillion].
A modern electronic digital watch 00:10:16
operates at a power level 20 billion times
greater than this incredibly feeble level.00:10:23
And we’re not done talking to the
Voyagers just yet. On October 29, 00:10:27
2020, mission operators sent a series of commands
to Voyager 2 after a long 7-month silence. 00:10:34
The spacecraft had been flying solo while the
70-meter antenna at the Goldstone Deep Space 00:10:39
Communications Complex was being repaired and
upgraded. The amazing thing is that after all 00:10:44
these years and the fact that Voyager 2
is in interstellar space, it returned a 00:10:49
signal confirming it had received the call and
executed its new commands without any issues.00:10:56
As of January 2022, Voyager 1
is 23.3 billion kilometers from 00:11:02
Earth [14.5 billion miles] and Voyager 2 is 19.3
billion kilometers [12 billion miles] from us.00:11:08
Most of the instruments have been shut down on
both of these probes in order to conserve power. 00:11:13
Voyager 1 is headed in towards the constellation
Ophiuchus, and in the year 40,272 AD, 00:11:21
it will come within 1.7 light years of
an obscure star in the constellation 00:11:26
Ursa Minor called AC+79 3888. In about
40,000 years, Voyager 2 will come within 00:11:33
about 1.7 light years of a star called Ross 248
which lies in the constellation of Andromeda.00:11:40
But sadly, and much sooner than this, we’ll lose
contact with both of these spacecraft for good, 00:11:46
and they’ll pass silently into the interstellar
void. It would be interesting if one day, 00:11:51
in the very far and distant future, a civilization
out somewhere out there finds a Voyager and learns 00:11:57
to power it back up. If so, that primitive
hardware might spin back to life one last time.00:12:05
Stay tuned here to see if the
Voyagers find something new, 00:12:08
and to keep up with all the exciting things
happening in our universe. Thanks for watching!Description:
NASA Reestablishes Contact With Voyager 2! Where Is It Headed Now? ► Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIFtADcWrOApqrsinzPoOfA?sub_confirmation=1 Mankind has been looking up at the stars for centuries, wondering what lies out there in deep space, and if there are other civilizations like ours that exist. We started using telescopes, but when that wasn’t enough, advanced technology led to the creation of space probes so we could get a better look at our solar system and beyond. The Voyagers are two of the most iconic spacecraft mankind has ever invented and launched into space, and they’re still out there hurtling through the cosmos. And after 7 months of silence the amazing Voyager 2 once again called back home top Earth. Now get ready to find out more about these amazing spacecraft, the incredible things they found, where they are now, how far they have traveled away from us, and what is in their future. We are on social media: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser The Destiny voice: www.TomsVoiceovers.co.uk Sources: https://pastebin.com/raw/uiVc1CzM
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