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00:00:00
[Music]00:00:05
the goals were one of Rome's oldest and00:00:09
most bitter enemies they had sacked Rome00:00:11
and throughout the centuries fought00:00:13
alongside the Republic's most dangerous00:00:16
adversaries including Paris and Hannibal00:00:18
by the end of the second century BC00:00:21
southern Gaul was largely subdued00:00:24
however there was still tension in00:00:26
northern Gaul particularly along the00:00:28
Rhine these tensions would ultimately00:00:31
climax in the Gallic Wars the conflicts00:00:34
that would shape the future of Western00:00:36
Europe for centuries to come00:00:38
giving rise to the Holy Roman Empire and00:00:40
modern-day France the conflicts that00:00:43
would forever etch the name Gaius Julius00:00:45
Caesar in the annals of history Rome had00:00:51
been rocked by almost half a century of00:00:53
civil wars and the Republic was in00:00:56
decline00:00:59
both Marius and sulla had marched on00:01:02
Rome highlighting the ineffectiveness of00:01:04
the system for maintaining a large00:01:06
empire and the fact that the Legionaries00:01:09
were more loyal to their generals than00:01:11
to the state following this chaotic00:01:14
period three men had established an00:01:17
unofficial alliance to effectively00:01:19
control the Republic this was the first00:01:22
triumvirate consisting of the famous00:01:25
general Pompey the great the richest man00:01:27
in Rome Crassus and Julius Caesar Caesar00:01:33
had been consul the year before in 59 BC00:01:36
but his political campaigning has left00:01:39
him in debt and made him many enemies in00:01:42
Rome he needed to make money fast and00:01:45
gain enough military success to keep his00:01:48
political adversaries at bay when the00:01:51
time came for distributing provinces for00:01:54
Caesar to govern as proconsul he was00:01:56
able to use his political allies to00:01:59
secure SAS Alpine goal Illyricum and00:02:01
transalpine call for an unprecedented00:02:04
five years this put Caesar in control of00:02:08
four veteran legions the 7th 8th 9th and00:02:11
10th all of whom had fought with Caesar00:02:14
before in Hispania and were loyal to him00:02:17
they had a total of roughly 22,00000:02:20
legionaries plus auxiliaries Caesar now00:02:24
had the men he needed all he needed was00:02:27
an excuse for war00:02:31
fortunately for Caesar a celtic tribe00:02:34
the helvetii was planning a migration00:02:36
into Gaul in 58 BC their leader or reg00:02:41
Tareq's had formed a confederation with00:02:43
a number of neighboring tribes the00:02:45
telinga Latta breeki rocky and bowie and00:02:49
now they numbered 368 thousand men women00:02:52
and children erect Erik's had even00:02:56
convinced them all to burn their homes00:02:58
in order to leave no option of failure00:03:01
however soon he was accused of being a00:03:04
tyrant and was forced to commit suicide00:03:09
command passed to devika difficult to00:03:14
stick to the plan and began amassing00:03:16
supplies in order to start pouring into00:03:19
Gaul to do this they would either have00:03:21
to pass through the land of the Roman00:03:24
ally a dewy and the province of00:03:26
transalpine Gaul or take the longer00:03:28
route through the mountain passes in the00:03:30
north the Romans had built up a healthy00:03:34
fear of migrating tribes following the00:03:36
Cimbri and war in 113 to 101 BC and so00:03:40
Caesar hearing of this was only too00:03:43
willing to come to the rescue of the air00:03:45
doing he took the only available Legion00:03:50
in the area and forced marched them up00:03:52
to Geneva destroying the bridge on the00:03:55
Rhone that provided access into00:03:57
transalpine Gaul00:03:58
the Helvetii II appealed to Caesar00:04:01
asking for military access through Roman00:04:03
lands and promising they would not00:04:05
attack Caesar played for time pretending00:04:09
to consider this offer for almost00:04:11
fifteen days using this time his Legion00:04:14
was able to construct a fortified00:04:16
embankment almost 5 metres high00:04:19
stretching 20 miles along the riverbank00:04:21
with the Legion Manning the embankment00:04:24
and now in a stronger position Caesar00:04:27
denied the Helvetii access and refused00:04:29
to allow them to cross some of the00:04:32
haveta00:04:33
ignored this and attempted to cross00:04:34
nonetheless in small boats but were00:04:37
prevented from doing so by the00:04:38
Legionaries throwing javelins and00:04:40
shooting arrows into them00:04:42
with the southern route thus blocked the00:04:45
helvetii II decided to take the longer00:04:48
northern route through the mountains00:04:49
into Gaul leaving his top lieutenant00:04:53
labienus in command Cesar returns to00:04:55
Italy to levy a further two legions and00:04:58
to pull the other three veteran legions00:05:00
out of their winter quarters in aquileia00:05:02
bringing his total to approximately00:05:05
33,000 legionaries plus auxiliaries00:05:08
despite labienus being in a strong00:05:11
position to easily block the mountain00:05:13
pass the Helvetii II managed to push00:05:15
into Gallic territories and began00:05:17
ravaging the land the Gauls pleaded with00:05:20
Caesar to intervene and chase the00:05:22
Helvetii00:05:23
out and Caesar yet again was only too00:05:26
willing to help marching his legions00:05:29
into the Gallic territories the decision00:05:32
of labienus00:05:33
to not hold the Helvetii he in the00:05:35
mountains was likely an order received00:05:37
from Caesar the Celts were now in open00:05:40
terrain which better suited the Roman00:05:43
legions and their pillaging of Gaul gave00:05:45
Caesar an excuse to intervene00:05:52
word reached Caesar that the Alva te00:05:55
were currently attempting a crossing as00:05:57
the era River they had been crossing in00:06:00
for large groups using many rafts and00:06:02
boats but due to the size of the Horde00:06:05
and their lack of organization the00:06:07
crossing had already taken them days and00:06:10
one group was still yet to cross Caesar00:06:13
took his legions and swiftly marched to00:06:16
the river quickly forming his legions00:06:20
into battle formation Caesar fell upon00:06:22
the Celts waiting to cross caught00:06:25
unaware unprepared and encumbered by00:06:27
their baggage the helvetii did not even00:06:30
have enough time to form a proper battle00:06:32
line the fighting was over quickly with00:06:35
the whole stranded group being killed or00:06:37
fleeing into the nearby woods whilst the00:06:40
other three groups could do nothing but00:06:42
watch helplessly from the other side of00:06:44
the river the main helfet e-force began00:06:47
to move on and not wanting to lose the00:06:50
initiative Caesar quickly built a bridge00:06:52
across the river and moved all of his00:06:55
six legions across the crossing that had00:06:58
taken the kelps twenty days has taken00:07:00
the Romans just one00:07:04
Caesar began tailing the Helvetii00:07:07
waiting for the right time to strike00:07:12
there were a few minor cavalry00:07:15
skirmishes but nothing decisive Caesar00:07:20
did once managed to find a battlefield00:07:22
that was advantageous and even had00:07:24
labienus in position behind the enemy00:07:27
however due to poor communication from00:07:29
his Scouts Caesar was forced to pull00:07:32
back from the battlefield this caused a00:07:35
delay in Caesars plan and he was00:07:37
beginning to run low on rations he00:07:40
decided to head for the nearby town of00:07:42
refractor to resupply his army before00:07:44
continuing in pursuit as he began to00:07:47
march off however difficult chase00:07:50
harassing the rear of the Roman army00:07:53
Caesar sent his cavalry and light00:07:55
infantry to fight a delaying action in00:07:57
order to buy time to deploy his main00:07:59
force on a nearby hill the four veteran00:08:05
legions formed three lines at the front00:08:07
with the two newly levied legions along00:08:10
with the auxiliaries positioned further00:08:12
up the hill these men were not tested in00:08:15
battle and so were not expected to do00:08:17
any of the fighting instead they were to00:08:20
guard for baggage and were spread thin00:08:22
across the hill to seemingly increase00:08:24
the size of caesar's army the Helvetii00:08:28
numbering somewhere between sixty to00:08:30
ninety thousand warriors had00:08:32
successfully fought off the Roman00:08:34
cavalry and light infantry forcing them00:08:36
to retreat now they had formed their00:08:39
infantry into a tightly packed shield00:08:41
wall and advanced on the Romans the00:08:46
front two lines of legionaries opened00:08:48
the battle with a volley of javelins00:08:50
these hampered the Helvetii00:08:52
by becoming stuck in their shields00:08:54
forcing them to drop them and break into00:08:56
a looser formation with the shield wall00:08:59
in disarray the Roman frontlines charged00:09:02
into melee the fighting was intense and00:09:06
tough but the Romans discipline and00:09:09
experience gave them the edge00:09:11
slowly they began to get the upper hand00:09:13
with the helvetii being forced back to a00:09:16
nearby mountain however as the Romans00:09:21
pressed up the mountain00:09:22
a portion of the Helvetii allies00:09:24
composed of bowie and telling ghee00:09:27
roughly fifteen thousand warriors00:09:29
entered the battle these men had been00:09:32
acting as a rearguard protecting the00:09:34
camp and now they fell on the roman00:09:36
flank threatening to encircle them the00:09:42
helvetii bolstered by the arrival of00:09:44
their allies began pushing back with00:09:46
renewed vigor with the two front lines00:09:49
of legionaries already engaging the00:09:51
helvetii on the mountain00:09:52
Caesar committed his final line of00:09:54
veterans which had been acting as a00:09:56
reserve after hours of hard fighting the00:10:00
Helvetii on the mountain were eventually00:10:02
broken and forced from the battle00:10:05
however the bowie and telling G fell00:10:07
back to the camp to make a last stand00:10:10
using their baggage wagons they formed a00:10:13
makeshift Ramblers and continued the00:10:15
fight hurling missiles down into the00:10:17
Roman ranks this is where the fighting00:10:19
was the most difficult as the bowie were00:10:22
famed warriors and fought desperately00:10:25
finally after fighting long into the00:10:28
night the third line was able to break00:10:30
into the camp ending the battle the00:10:35
battle had lasted almost 12 hours Caesar00:10:39
had lost perhaps five thousand men00:10:41
whilst the Helvetii had lost around00:10:43
forty to sixty thousand of the 36800:10:48
thousand people who began the migration00:10:50
only 130,000 who are now left00:10:56
Caesar with no cavalry to speak of was00:10:59
not able to give chase immediately and00:11:01
gave his men three days in order to00:11:04
recover from the battle before starting00:11:06
the pursuit the Helvetii seeing the00:11:09
Romans chasing them once more00:11:11
surrendered completely and were forced00:11:13
to return to their homeland and made a00:11:16
vassal of Rome acting as a buffer00:11:18
between Roman and Germanic lands Caesar00:11:22
had achieved his aim of gaining a swift00:11:24
military victory and for now he would be00:11:27
able to hold off his political enemies00:11:29
in Rome furthermore the Romans had now00:11:33
shown themselves to be a powerful force00:11:35
in the galaxy etre after his victory00:11:38
Caesar rested in the bracket a for a00:11:41
short time before moving on rumor had00:11:44
already reached him of a Germanic tribe00:11:46
that had crossed the Rhine and was00:11:48
terrorizing gold00:11:52
thus way be led by their king Ariovistus00:11:55
had first arrived in Gaul in 63 BC as00:11:59
mercenaries for the sequani and Arverni00:12:01
in their war against the a Dewey a Roman00:12:04
ally the fifteen thousand warriors that00:12:08
Ariovistus initially brought proved00:12:10
decisive helping to secure a crucial00:12:13
victory over the a Dewey at the Battle00:12:15
of Megiddo Brieger which forced the00:12:17
adhuri to become a tributary to the00:12:19
sequani in response to this the ax Dewey00:12:23
sent an envoy de vikke aqus to ask Rome00:12:26
for help but the Republic was still00:12:29
recovering from the political shock of00:12:31
the kattiline conspiracy and was00:12:34
distracted by an allobroges revolt the00:12:37
governor of transalpine Gaul was ordered00:12:40
to help Rome's Gallic allies when00:12:42
possible and in 59 BC the Senate named00:12:45
Ariovistus a friend of the people of00:12:48
Rome to pacify him and keep him in check00:12:54
Ariovistus used that time to consolidate00:12:57
his position after helping the sequani00:13:00
he demanded a third of their lands as00:13:03
payment the sequani gave in and00:13:06
Ariovistus began moving more of his00:13:08
people across the rhine to settle in00:13:11
this new land by 58 BC as many as00:13:16
120,000 swabby has now crossed the Rhine00:13:19
and made their home in Gaul furthermore00:13:23
Ariovistus was demanding more sequani00:13:25
territory in order to settle an extra00:13:28
twenty four thousand Germans and had00:13:30
been taking hostages in order to keep00:13:33
the sequani and a Dewey obedient00:13:35
something had to be done00:13:40
following his victory over the Helvetii00:13:42
Caesar had taken some time to rest in00:13:45
the practi whilst encamped there he was00:13:48
visited by a Council of Gallic leaders00:13:51
and diplomats led by divitiacus they00:13:54
complimented Caesar on his victory and00:13:57
implored him to intervene in the00:13:59
situation pointing out that if the00:14:02
Germans continued their conquests00:14:04
soon the swabby would be directly00:14:06
bordering Roman territory Caesar00:14:09
again was happy to oblige as Ariovistus00:14:13
was a friend of Rome however Caesar00:14:15
could not immediately go to war instead00:14:19
Caesar first invited Ariovistus to meet00:14:22
him which was declined then he sent a00:14:25
diplomat to ariovistus asking him to00:14:28
return the Gallic hostages he had taken00:14:30
and to stop any hostilities Caesar00:14:34
reminded him that if he were to comply00:14:36
the Romans would still consider him a00:14:38
friend of Rome and not take any action00:14:41
against him this was a good deal for00:14:44
Ariovistus he'd be allowed to keep the00:14:47
lands he had already taken from the00:14:49
sequani without a fight00:14:53
instead of accepting the terms00:14:55
Ariovistus doubled down and sent a00:14:58
message back to caesar saying that if00:15:00
the romans could conquer where and how00:15:02
they liked so could he at the same time00:15:06
the 24,000 new germans who had crossed00:15:09
the rhine were allowed to raise and00:15:12
pillage the Gallic lands as they pleased00:15:14
with more Germans preparing to cross the00:15:17
river to join Ariovistus Caesar now had00:15:21
his justification as he had a legal00:15:24
decree from the Senate to protect Rome's00:15:27
Gallic allies he could justify that to00:15:30
the sway be worth threatening Rome's00:15:31
borders and Ariovistus had forfeited his00:15:35
status as a friend of Rome by continuing00:15:37
to pillage the land of Rome's allies yet00:15:41
again Caesar had the chance to market00:15:43
himself as the savior of Gaul gathering00:15:46
his six legions roughly 30,000 men00:15:49
Caesar set out on the warpath both00:15:53
Ariovistus and Caesar recognized the00:15:56
importance of Vasant EO the largest town00:15:59
in the sequani territories well00:16:01
fortified and well supplied it would be00:16:04
crucial to the war effort both forces00:16:07
began marching to the town however the00:16:10
Romans marching day and night were able00:16:12
to get there first00:16:14
Caesar rested there briefly while00:16:16
supplying the legions but as they rested00:16:21
rumors began reaching the men of the00:16:24
strength and ferocity of the Germans00:16:26
even some of Caesars officers began00:16:28
having their doubts and it almost seemed00:16:31
as if Caesar would have a mutiny on his00:16:33
hands Caesar was however able to restore00:16:36
order by insisting that he would face00:16:39
Ariovistus with just his most trusted00:16:42
10th Legion if none others would follow00:16:44
this inspired a fanatical loyalty in the00:16:47
10th Legion whilst the others motivated00:16:50
by shame at being thought of as cowards00:16:53
rallied and the legions began to march00:16:55
out to meet the Swabian00:16:58
Ariovistus impressed with the speed at00:17:02
which the Romans had been able to move00:17:03
and take force antio00:17:05
sent messages to Caesar asking for a00:17:07
meeting with only some cavalry allowed00:17:10
as bodyguards at the place called Voss00:17:12
keys in modern-day Alsace Caesar agreed00:17:18
but the meeting did not go well with00:17:21
both generals reiterating their00:17:23
positions00:17:24
Ariovistus even went so far as to say00:17:27
that if he were to kill Caesar there00:17:29
would be many in Rome that would be00:17:31
grateful showing that he knew what the00:17:33
political situation in Rome was00:17:36
negotiations broke down after this and00:17:39
the cavalry on both sides had a minor00:17:41
skirmish before retreating back to their00:17:44
respective camps a few days later00:17:50
Ariovistus asked for another meeting00:17:55
Caesar00:17:56
sensing a trap sent his translators this00:18:00
was just as well as Ariovistus promptly00:18:03
captured the two and even considered00:18:05
burning them alive with his plan to00:18:08
capture Caesar having failed re vistas00:18:11
instead moved to battle his army was00:18:14
composed of 6,000 cavalry 16,000 light00:18:18
infantry and the rest heavier infantry00:18:20
for a total of around thirty to forty00:18:22
thousand men taking Caesar by surprise00:18:26
Ariovistus marched his force quickly00:18:28
behind Caesars position and set up camp00:18:31
cutting off the Romans from their supply00:18:34
lines for five days Caesar drew out his00:18:39
army in battle formation willing to give00:18:42
battle but Ariovistus was content to00:18:45
wait and strangle Caesars supply line00:18:47
only engaging in cavalry skirmishes the00:18:51
sway B cavalry fought in a unique00:18:53
fashion for every Horseman00:18:55
there was an infantryman mixed into00:18:57
their formation these men were lightly00:19:00
armed in order to keep up with the00:19:02
cavalry and together provided a flexible00:19:05
and difficult force to handle and the00:19:07
roman cavalry00:19:09
the worse of the fighting00:19:11
[Music]00:19:12
Cesar knowing that he would have to do00:19:15
something to break the stalemate or else00:19:17
risk being starved out formed his00:19:20
legions into three lines he marched this00:19:23
force past the sway B position and00:19:25
ordered the third line to begin00:19:27
construction of a second camp whilst the00:19:30
first two lines formed up to defend them00:19:33
Ariovistus sent all of his light00:19:35
infantry and cavalry to harass the00:19:37
Legionaries but seemed reluctant to00:19:40
commit his entire force and so they were00:19:42
easily held off by the Romans with the00:19:46
second camp complete cease the left two00:19:48
legions and part of his auxiliaries to00:19:50
defend it whilst his other four legions00:19:53
returned to the main camp realizing that00:19:58
Caesar would now be able to use this00:20:00
second camp to reconnect with his supply00:20:03
line Ariovistus sent part of his army to00:20:06
attack this second camp the fighting was00:20:09
tough lasting from midday into the00:20:12
evening but eventually the Romans were00:20:14
able to repel the attack and even took00:20:17
some prisoners upon questioning these00:20:20
sway be Caesar learnt that Ariovistus00:20:23
had apparently been told by his priests00:20:25
not to commit his army until after the00:20:28
new moon which was why he had not used00:20:31
his whole army to prevent the legions00:20:33
constructing their second camp00:20:38
having learnt this Caesar decided to go00:20:41
on the offensive00:20:42
leaving a small garrison in each camp00:20:45
Caesar formed his six legions into a00:20:48
triple axis formation with his cavalry00:20:50
in reserve and marched on the sway be00:20:53
cannon the Germans came out to meet him00:20:56
forming their wagons and baggage train00:20:58
into a semicircle behind them their00:21:00
women standing on them urging the men on00:21:03
noticing that the German left flank was00:21:06
slightly weaker Caesar positioned00:21:08
himself opposite on the Roman right and00:21:10
gave the order for his men to charge but00:21:14
as he did the sway be also charged their00:21:17
assault was so fast and surprising that00:21:19
the Romans had to drop their peeler00:21:21
before they could even throw them00:21:23
drawing their swords and fighting in00:21:25
hand-to-hand combat the Germans managed00:21:28
to form a shield wall and neither side00:21:30
seemed able to gain an upper hand having00:21:35
been unable to throw their javelins00:21:37
before charging the Romans struggled to00:21:39
break the shield wall as easily as they00:21:42
had at the Battle of be bracketing after00:21:45
some hard fighting the roman rite led by00:21:48
caesar started to push back the german00:21:50
left00:21:51
however the sway beyond the right00:21:53
outnumbered their roman opponents and00:21:56
was starting to get the upper hand the00:21:59
roman cavalry00:22:00
led by the son of triumvir marcus00:22:02
lakenya's Crassus Publius had not yet00:22:05
engaged in the battle and from his00:22:07
position he could see the Roman left00:22:09
starting to crumble using his own00:22:12
initiative Crassus led the third line00:22:15
which had been kept in reserve to00:22:17
support the flank arriving just in time00:22:20
to avoid a disaster with their left00:22:23
flank broken and their right now under00:22:25
severe pressure the Suevi army broke and00:22:28
ran it is not known how00:22:31
people died in this battle but the00:22:33
Germans attempting to retreat through00:22:35
their wagons were said to have been00:22:37
packed so tightly that the dead could00:22:40
not even fall over the entire Suevi00:22:45
force including Ariovistus fled back00:22:48
across the rhine pursued by the roman00:22:50
cavalry00:22:51
Caesar had won two important campaigns00:22:54
in one season for now he left labienus00:22:58
to winter with the legions in sequani00:23:00
territory whilst he attended to his00:23:02
governing duties incest Albine goal but00:23:05
by wintering his legions in Gallic00:23:07
territory Caesar was making a point this00:23:11
was beginning to look less like00:23:13
intervention and more like occupation00:23:16
with the Germanic threat dealt with00:23:19
Caesar would be able to turn his00:23:21
attention to call proper00:23:28
the Belgae were a loose collection of00:23:31
various tribes and had fought constant00:23:34
wars with the Germanic tribes across the00:23:36
Rhine which had fostered a strong and00:23:39
experienced warrior culture they knew of00:23:43
how successful Caesar had been in Gaul00:23:45
already and were justifiably suspicious00:23:48
of his intentions to counter the rising00:23:51
Roman threat the Belgae formed a00:23:53
confederation led by King Galba of the00:23:56
Swazi Oh knees00:24:04
labienus sent word of this coalition to00:24:06
Caesar incest alpine Gaul who00:24:08
immediately took action00:24:10
Caesar raised a further two legions and00:24:13
moved straight to the Belgae border it00:24:16
is worth noting that Caesar now had00:24:18
eight legions under his command00:24:20
approximately 44,000 men including00:24:23
auxiliaries double the amount he had00:24:26
initially been allocated by the Senate00:24:28
furthermore while the Belgae raising an00:24:31
army could certainly be seen as a00:24:33
potential threat Caesar made no efforts00:24:36
to get the cassis Bell as he had when00:24:38
fighting the helvetii and sway be the00:24:41
Republic had less and less control over00:24:43
Caesar and many in Rome were beginning00:24:46
to talk about these conquests not being00:24:48
in Rome's best interest but in Caesars00:24:53
nevertheless Cesar marched his legions00:24:56
quickly into the territory of the00:24:58
nearest Belgic tribe the Remi who were00:25:00
completely taken aback by the speed at00:25:03
which the Romans had been able to00:25:04
mobilize and surrendered instantly00:25:07
swearing to Caesar that they had never00:25:09
been a part of the Confederation the00:25:11
ramie even provided caesar with all the00:25:14
information they had on the Alliance00:25:15
including which tribes were involved how00:25:18
many men each tribe was contributing and00:25:21
that they were currently marching00:25:23
towards the Raimi's territory with this00:25:28
information00:25:29
Caesar convinced his Gallic allies Thea00:25:31
Dewey led now by divitiacus to invade00:25:34
the lands of the Bella Valley a powerful00:25:37
Belgae tribe to open a second front00:25:39
while he mush towards the Belgic00:25:42
alliance his main army Caesar crossed a00:25:47
bridge over the ex-owner River and00:25:49
encamped in a strong position on a hill00:25:52
on the other side the river provided00:25:55
protection from the rear and marshy land00:25:57
at his front made a frontal assault00:25:59
difficult furthermore Caesar had learned00:26:03
his lesson from fighting Ariovistus and00:26:05
left six cohorts in a well fortified00:26:08
position on the other side of the bridge00:26:10
securing his supply line with no chance00:26:14
of being starved out from his position00:26:16
Caesar waited for the Belgae to make00:26:19
their move00:26:22
meanwhile the Belgae had marched to the00:26:25
Remy town of big Brax00:26:26
just 8 miles from where Caesar was00:26:29
encamped and besieged it00:26:31
Caesar gives the total number of the00:26:33
Confederation as 300,000 however it is00:26:37
unclear how much this number is00:26:39
exaggerated and how many of these men00:26:41
work currently in the army a more00:26:44
realistic estimation would be somewhere00:26:47
around 80,000 men still a force to be00:26:50
reckoned with almost double that of Caesars in the00:26:54
face of such a large force the Ramey00:26:56
sent messages to Caesar saying that they00:26:59
would be unable to hold the town without00:27:01
his help Caesar however was reluctant to00:27:07
give up his defensive position as he00:27:09
thought that the attack on barracks was00:27:11
a trap designed to force him to do that00:27:14
instead he kept his legions in camp but00:27:18
sent a substantial contingent of00:27:20
auxiliaries composed mainly of Cretan00:27:22
arches and Balearic slingers to sneak00:27:25
into barracks to help the Ramey whitby00:27:28
Bronx thus reinforced and Caesar not00:27:30
taking the bait Galba instead marched00:27:33
his army to meet the Romans in camping00:27:36
just two miles from the Roman camp00:27:40
Caesar was reluctant to engage galva00:27:43
straightaway and instead focused on00:27:45
cavalry skirmishes to test the strength00:27:48
of the Belgae while this was going on he00:27:51
further reinforced his position digging00:27:54
long trenches and constructing defensive00:27:56
towers on the flanks of his position00:28:02
realizing that attacking such a strong00:28:04
position would be suicidal00:28:06
Galba instead sent roughly fifteen to00:28:09
twenty thousand men to forge the river00:28:11
and attack the six cohorts on the other00:28:14
side hoping either to draw caesar from00:28:16
the hill or to cut off his supply line00:28:19
and starve him out00:28:22
seeing this Caesar gathered all his00:28:25
light infantry and cavalry and marched00:28:28
quickly to oppose the crossing leaving00:28:30
his legions in their defensive position00:28:33
the Roman cavalry arrived just in time00:28:35
and fell upon the few Belgae who had00:28:38
made it to the other Bank killing many00:28:41
and forcing them back into the river at00:28:44
the same time the Roman Missal troops00:28:46
peppered the Belgae still in the water00:28:48
with stones javelins and arrows they00:28:51
doggedly tried to continue their00:28:53
crossing despite taking heavy casualties00:28:55
but galva had no choice but to pull his00:28:59
men back to make matters worse word had00:29:03
now reached him that the ado we were00:29:05
rampaging through the bell of a key00:29:06
lands with the Romans to his front so00:29:10
heavily dug in and with another army now00:29:12
threatening his flank00:29:14
Galba decided to withdraw the tribes00:29:17
would all dispersed to their respective00:29:19
homelands but all agrees to reassemble00:29:22
if the Romans marched further into00:29:24
Belgae lands00:29:29
as the Confederations army dispersed00:29:31
Caesar cautiously pursued with his00:29:34
cavalry and three legions under labienus00:29:36
harassing the Belgae due to their lack00:29:40
of coordination the belgae suffered00:29:42
heavy casualties in this retreat the00:29:45
battle had cost the confederation00:29:47
approximately ten thousand men and had00:29:49
forced the tribes to divide making them00:29:52
easier for Caesar to conquer many tribes00:29:56
simply surrendered in the face of the00:29:58
Roman legions including the bell of a00:30:00
key and Galvez swear CE o knees00:30:03
[Music]00:30:06
however deeper in Belgae territory the00:30:09
Nervii did have the time to organize and00:30:11
were not going to give up so easily they00:30:15
were outraged by Caesars foray into00:30:17
Belgae territory and alongside their00:30:19
neighbors the Veeru man00:30:21
Dewey antibodies and aduatuci were able00:30:24
to gather an army of approximately00:30:26
50,000 men led by the Nervii King Bodog00:30:30
natus00:30:33
[Music]00:30:36
Caeser hearing that this force was00:30:39
gathering against him marched for the00:30:41
river sabes on the edge of Novi00:30:43
territory boudic natus had learned the00:30:46
lesson from Galba and knew that he could00:30:49
not allow the Romans the chance to00:30:51
fortify their position and so he00:30:53
positioned his men in ambush on a hill00:30:55
on the other side of the river he also00:30:58
had his troops construct hedge like00:31:00
obstructions which were placed on the00:31:02
other side of the river to disrupt the00:31:05
Roman formations and cavalry Caesar00:31:10
marched his army in two groups his00:31:13
veterans six legions who marched in the00:31:15
front were the first to reach the river00:31:18
and began constructing a camp on the00:31:20
hill with the river in front while the00:31:22
two new allegience marched behind with00:31:25
the baggage-train00:31:26
Caesar sent his cavalry and light00:31:29
infantry across the river which was only00:31:31
three feet deep in order to scout the00:31:34
opposite bank they were met by Sumner ve00:31:37
cavalry and a brief skirmish broke out00:31:40
however the Belgae cavalry fell Bank00:31:43
drawing in the Romans until the entire00:31:45
nervy force broke cover and fell upon00:31:48
them the Roman cavalry and light00:31:51
infantry broke and ran back across the00:31:53
river to the Roman camp the Nervii army00:31:56
in hot pursuit thus started the battle00:32:00
of the sabes River the Belgae moved from00:32:05
the woods and across the river so fast00:32:07
that the legions had almost no time to00:32:10
prepare however their experience and00:32:13
discipline kicked in rallying to the00:32:15
nearest cohort and legionary standards00:32:18
they were able to put together a00:32:19
coherent battle line but as the00:32:22
legionary engineers did not have time to00:32:24
clear the campsite as they usually would00:32:27
the legions were divided by the hedge00:32:29
like obstructions lays down by Bodog00:32:32
natus which prevented them from forming00:32:34
a cohesive formation as a result the00:32:38
legions were almost fighting three00:32:40
separate battles00:32:42
and the ninth on the left against the00:32:44
anti batty00:32:45
the eleventh and eighth in the center00:32:47
against the veeram and Dewey and the00:32:50
12th and seventh on the right against00:32:52
the largest group be nervy with two00:32:54
remaining legions still with the00:32:56
vanished rain yet to join the battle the00:33:01
fighting was brutal00:33:03
with Caesar himself going from group to00:33:05
group encouraging his men eventually the00:33:08
Roman left was able to push their enemy00:33:11
back enough to hold their javelins into00:33:13
their ranks and charge they were able to00:33:16
force the a tree batty bat across the00:33:18
river even making it into the Belgae00:33:21
camp the Roman center was also finding00:33:24
success pushing the veeram and Dewey00:33:26
down to the banks of the river00:33:31
however the Roman Rite was having a hard00:33:33
time with the center pushing forwards00:33:36
the Nervii II poured into the gap almost00:33:39
surrounding the 12th and 7th legions and00:33:42
falling upon the auxiliaries who had00:33:44
retreated to the camp00:33:46
the remaining auxiliaries including most00:33:49
of the Roman cavalry who had been00:33:51
marching in front of the baggage-train00:33:52
sorbus and fled assuming the roman rite00:33:56
had been completely destroyed and the00:33:58
battle lost they were not without reason00:34:01
the twelve had lost their standard their00:34:04
chief centurion most of the other00:34:06
Centurions and the Romans were beginning00:34:09
to break seeing this disaster Caesar00:34:12
knew he would have to do something or00:34:14
risk losing the whole campaign snatching00:34:17
up a shield he pushed himself to the00:34:19
front line of the Legion bolstering the00:34:22
morale of the men with the seventh00:34:25
Legion under heavy pressure as well00:34:26
Caesar ordered them to form a defensive00:34:29
square with the 12th and hold fairground00:34:34
at this point the battle began to swing00:34:37
in the Romans favor00:34:38
labienus in charge of the tenth and00:34:41
ninth legions saw what was happening00:34:43
from the other side of the river and00:34:45
sent the tenth to relieve the Roman00:34:48
right while the remaining two legions00:34:50
had finally joined the battle and were00:34:53
attacking the Nervii in the Roman camp00:34:55
the Roman auxiliary cavalry also00:34:58
returned to the battle seeing this00:35:00
change in fortune and now it was the00:35:03
Nervii who faced disaster the veeram and00:35:06
URI had flared upon seeing the Roman00:35:08
reinforcements and the Nervii were now00:35:10
surrounded they fought bravely and even00:35:14
Caesar commended them later but their00:35:16
defeat was now inevitable the belgae00:35:21
casualties were devastating Caesar00:35:24
saying that just five hundred survived00:35:26
the battle the Roman losses had also00:35:29
been high with perhaps as many as 5,00000:35:32
Romans dead without Caesars personal00:35:36
leadership and the timely interventions00:35:38
of the legions it is likely that the00:35:40
battle would have been lost00:35:42
Caesar killed and the campaign ended but00:35:45
the battle was over and Caesar was once00:35:48
again victorious the Nervii II00:35:52
surrendered becoming a vassal of Rome00:35:54
and the at Rabat II were conquered soon00:35:57
after Rome was now in control of most of00:36:01
Gore00:36:03
by 56 BC Caesar had subjugated the00:36:07
majority of Gaul either through conquest00:36:10
or political alliances and was beginning00:36:13
to look for new opportunities to expand00:36:15
Rome's influence but not all the Gallic00:36:18
tribes were taking kindly to Roman rule00:36:21
one such tribe was the vanetti located00:36:24
in modern brittany despite signing a00:36:29
peace treaty with caesar the year before00:36:31
they reneged on this promise and00:36:33
captured a few roman officers as a00:36:36
largely seafaring nation the vanetti00:36:39
were confident that they would be able00:36:41
to put their faith in their Navy and00:36:43
force Caesar to make concessions00:36:45
however caesar spent no time trying to00:36:49
negotiate instead seeing the act as a00:36:51
direct declaration of war and marched on00:36:54
the tribe initially he found little00:36:59
success due to their large Navy the00:37:02
vanetti were able to effectively hop00:37:04
from town to town moving entire populace00:37:07
and their belongings denying the Romans00:37:10
a pitched battle or siege standard Roman00:37:13
tactics proved ineffective therefore and00:37:15
it was clear that in order to win Caesar00:37:18
had to defeat the Navy with no Navy on00:37:22
hand he ordered that a fleet be built in00:37:24
order to take on the vanetti Navy00:37:28
but compared to the Roman ships which00:37:32
were designed for the Mediterranean00:37:33
fever nettie ships designed for the00:37:36
Atlantic were much stronger and taller00:37:38
and the Romans found them impossible to00:37:41
ram or board it was only through the00:37:44
ingenuity of one of his legate's deca00:37:46
Merce Junius Brutus Albinus who00:37:48
suggested that they use bill hooks to00:37:50
cut down the sails and the00:37:52
vanetti boats that Caesar was able to00:37:55
defeat their Navy with this issue sorted00:37:58
it now seemed that Caesar would be able00:38:00
to move on to new conquests once again00:38:06
though his plans were put on hold in 5500:38:08
BC when yet another Roman German horde00:38:12
composed of loosely Petty's and tense00:38:14
theory began threatening the Rhine00:38:16
border00:38:17
these tribes previously rivaled the zwei00:38:20
be but were now fleeing in huge numbers00:38:23
Caesar giving their total number00:38:24
including civilians as 430,000 they had00:38:29
already slaughtered the manape and00:38:31
stolen their ships in order to cross the00:38:34
river and were now pouring into Gaul00:38:37
upon hearing about this Caesar was once00:38:41
again compelled to act as he was worried00:38:43
that the Gauls might join the Germans in00:38:46
an attempt to oust the Romans some00:38:48
Gallic tribes in the Rhine Valley had00:38:51
indeed sent emissaries to the Germans00:38:53
providing them with food and00:38:54
intelligence encouraging them to move00:38:57
deeper into Gaul Caesar gathered a00:39:01
Council of Gallic Chiefs and convinced00:39:03
them to provide more cavalry for him to00:39:05
confront the Germans they served two00:39:08
purposes firstly Rome's cavalry had00:39:11
always been lacking and the Gauls were00:39:14
renowned horsemen and so filled a00:39:16
crucial role in the army and secondly00:39:18
because cavalry was composed largely of00:39:21
nobles or wealthy persons they would act00:39:24
as hostages ensuring good behavior he00:39:27
then gathered five of his legions and00:39:29
headed to the Rhine00:39:35
the Germans had sent a portion of their00:39:37
cavalry ahead of their main force in00:39:40
order to carry out raiding missions but00:39:42
hearing that Caesar was getting close00:39:44
they sent emissaries in order to delay00:39:47
him they asked Caesar to negotiate00:39:49
claiming that they were only in Gaul00:39:51
because they had been forced to flee00:39:53
from the sway be and promised to ally00:39:56
with Rome if Caesar could provide them00:39:58
with land in Gaul however Caesar00:40:00
suspected that the Germans were delaying00:40:03
and continued his advance00:40:06
the envoys continued back and forth as00:40:09
Caesar continued to progress towards the00:40:11
German camp sending forward his 5,00000:40:15
cavalry as an advanced force but with00:40:17
orders not to provoke them into attack00:40:19
however upon seeing the Roman cavalry00:40:22
separated from the main force the00:40:24
Germans fell upon them the Romans00:40:27
initially tried to hold their ground but00:40:29
were eventually overwhelmed and00:40:31
retreated to the safety of Caesars camp00:40:33
Caesar likely underplays the amount of00:40:36
casualties taken giving the number as 7400:40:39
but he does mention that two brothers of00:40:42
the famous and influential piso family00:40:45
had died in the fighting something that00:40:47
Caesar could not let go unpunished00:40:50
[Music]00:40:52
refusing to hold back any longer Caesar00:40:55
gathered his force to attack the Germans00:40:57
but before he moved off the Germans sent00:41:01
a party of diplomats including00:41:03
high-ranking nobility to treat with00:41:05
Caesar once again asking for peace and00:41:08
apologizing for the attack as the00:41:11
Germans had already attacked apparently00:41:13
without provocation00:41:14
Caesar refused and took the delegates as00:41:17
prisoners he then drew up his army in00:41:20
three lines and moved swiftly to the00:41:22
German camp00:41:25
the Germans assuming that Caesar still00:41:28
would have been delayed by their envoys00:41:30
were caught completely unaware the00:41:33
legions fell upon their camp Caesar00:41:35
brushes over the details but it seems to00:41:38
have been somewhat of a massacre the00:41:40
fleeing Germans were pursued by the00:41:42
Roman cavalry some made it across the00:41:45
river in their boats but many tried to00:41:47
swim across and drowned hearing of the00:41:51
defeat the German cavalry which had been00:41:53
pillaging returned to cross the Rhine00:41:55
Caesar's army had taken minimal00:41:58
casualties00:42:02
it is important to note that while00:42:04
Caesar portrayed this as a great victory00:42:07
against a marauding Germanic horde this00:42:09
is not how others saw it two Caesars00:42:12
political rivals in Rome Caesar had00:42:15
broken the armistice with the Germans by00:42:17
antagonizing them with his cavalry00:42:19
imprisoned diplomats which was00:42:21
effectively a declaration of war and00:42:23
then carried out a massacre including00:42:26
civilians00:42:29
Caesar needed something to distract the00:42:32
Senate and to win the minds of the00:42:33
people so he decided to boost his00:42:36
popularity by doing what no Roman00:42:38
general had ever done before crossing00:42:41
the Rhine the Germanic tribe ubi II00:42:44
offered its ships hoping that the Romans00:42:47
would assist in their war against the00:42:48
zwei be Caesar however deemed this00:42:51
unworthy of the Roman people and instead00:42:54
decided to build a bridge across the00:42:56
Rhine between modern and doneck and no00:42:58
vide it was an engineering marvel the00:43:02
legions engineers used winches to act as00:43:05
pile drivers driving stakes deep into00:43:07
the river and constructed the 140 to 40000:43:11
meter by 7 to 9 meter bridge in just 1000:43:15
days00:43:18
Caesar found the lands beyond the Rhine00:43:20
almost deserted taken aback by the00:43:23
Romans speed and their feat of00:43:25
Engineering the Germanic tribes in the00:43:27
area had retreated deep into the00:43:29
Germanic forests where they had amassed00:43:32
a significant army however Caesar has no00:43:35
desire to be caught in a prolonged00:43:37
campaign in foreign territory against a00:43:39
notoriously dangerous enemy he spent00:43:42
just 18 days on the German side of the00:43:45
Rhine burning villages and crop fields00:43:47
before returning and dismantling the00:43:50
bridge00:43:53
the campaign was a proof not only to the00:43:56
Germans but also to Caesars rivals in00:43:58
Rome that he could overcome anything and00:44:00
do as he pleased00:44:02
Caesars next ambition Britain was once00:44:06
again a perfect propaganda target the00:44:09
island was on the edge of the known00:44:11
world and rumored to be a land of00:44:13
monsters and vast riches it had remained00:44:17
effectively untouched and bringing it00:44:19
into Rome sphere of influence would be a00:44:21
significant achievement according to00:44:26
Caesar the Britons had provided some of00:44:29
the Gallic tribes with the resources00:44:31
needed to make war while this was a weak00:44:34
casus belli Caesar was by now00:44:36
effectively doing what he wanted with00:44:39
little oversight00:44:40
he began gathering Intel from the Gallic00:44:43
merchants and sent a small00:44:44
reconnaissance force to the island00:44:46
whilst he mustered the ships he used00:44:48
against the vanetti and prepared to00:44:50
cross with the 7th and 10th Legion he00:44:54
set sail from modern Calais and safely00:44:57
made it across with most of his army but00:44:59
his cavalry had been delayed by bad00:45:01
weather the Romans saw the Britons had00:45:04
amassed along the White Cliffs of Dover00:45:06
in huge numbers with infantry cavalry00:45:09
and chariots and with every warrior00:45:11
painted in fierce blue war paint00:45:14
Caesar moved further down the coast in00:45:16
order to find a better place to land but00:45:18
was shadowed by the Britons cavalry and00:45:21
chariots who were easily able to keep00:45:23
pace with the fleet00:45:26
when the Romans finally found a suitable00:45:29
Beach Caesar arranged his transport00:45:31
vessels into a long line with his00:45:33
warships on his flanks and ordered his00:45:36
men to disembark as the transport00:45:39
vessels had deep keels00:45:40
however they were still some way from00:45:42
the shore and the legions were forced to00:45:45
wade in waist-deep in water to try and00:45:48
reach the beach the Brittain saw their00:45:50
opportunity and attacked firing missiles00:45:53
into the ranks of the Legionnaires as00:45:55
they struggled through the water weighed00:45:57
down by their armor the Briton cavalry00:46:00
charged in and out of the Romans the00:46:02
height advantage of being on horseback00:46:04
allowing them to fight much more00:46:06
effectively than the Romans stuck in the00:46:08
water the Legionaries were taking00:46:10
significant casualties and seeing this00:46:13
Caesar moved his shallower killed00:46:15
warships up the flanks so that his00:46:17
missile troops and ballista could fire00:46:20
into the Britons sides00:46:23
still the legions were wavering with00:46:26
some men not even being willing to get00:46:28
off their transports it was not until an00:46:31
eagle bear of the tenth Legion napped00:46:33
into the water and weighed it towards00:46:35
the Britons that's the legions rallied00:46:37
and rejoined the battle in earnest the00:46:40
fighting was fierce and contested with00:46:43
the Romans gathering to their nearest00:46:44
standards to try and maintain some form00:46:46
of cohesion while Caesar used rowing00:46:49
boats to vary men from the transports to00:46:51
areas where the Roman frontline looks to00:46:53
be in danger00:46:57
finally the Romans were able to push00:46:59
through the shallows onto the beach00:47:00
where their organization and heavy armor00:47:03
could come into play at which point the00:47:05
Britons broke off and retreated Caesar00:47:08
without any cavalry had no choice but to00:47:11
let them escape we don't know the00:47:14
numbers of dead on either side but being00:47:16
a contested landing it's likely that the00:47:19
Roman losses were greater following the00:47:24
battle the Romans established a camp on00:47:26
the beach and the Britons sent delegates00:47:29
to sue for peace probably to assess the00:47:31
Romans purpose in the area they were on00:47:34
home ground and could afford to waste to00:47:37
see what Caesars next move would be00:47:39
whereas Caesar with no supply line would00:47:42
be pressured to make the first move00:47:44
Caesar accepted the peace and the Briton00:47:47
sent a small number of hostages00:47:49
promising more later00:47:52
the cavalry that had been waylaid did00:47:56
try and cross once again to meet Caesar00:47:58
but were caught in a storm and forced to00:48:00
turn back this same storm damaged the00:48:04
ships that Caesar had anchored off the00:48:05
beach demoralizing the Romans who could00:48:08
no longer escape the island salvaging00:48:11
what materials he could from the most00:48:13
damaged ships Caesar began repairs he00:48:17
sent one Legion at a time to forage for00:48:19
food whilst the others defended the camp00:48:21
on the beach however whilst one of the00:48:24
legions was out foraging the camp watch00:48:26
reported seeing dust on the horizon00:48:28
moving their way this combined with the00:48:31
lack of the promised extra hostages was00:48:34
enough to alert Caesar to what was00:48:35
happening he gathered two cohorts and00:48:38
marched quickly to the legions location00:48:43
whilst foraging the légion had been00:48:45
ambushed scattered and focused on00:48:48
collecting food the Britons had been00:48:50
able to kill a substantial number of00:48:52
them in the initial attack the legion00:48:54
had managed to regain some level of00:48:57
discipline snatching up their weapons00:48:58
but they were surrounded by the British00:49:01
cavalry and chariots British charioteers00:49:04
were trained to throw missiles from00:49:06
their chariots and then dismount to00:49:08
fight on foot before hopping back on the00:49:11
chariot when the fighting got too hard00:49:12
in order to regroup this gave them the00:49:15
staying power of infantry and mobility00:49:18
of cavalry a tactic Caesar admired but00:49:21
was now taking a heavy toll on the00:49:23
surrounded legion upon Caesars arrival00:49:27
with his cohorts in formation the00:49:29
cavalry and chariots retreated the00:49:32
Britons had no desire to fight heavy00:49:34
infantry in formation in a pitched00:49:36
battle without their own infantry00:49:38
support and allowed the Legion to00:49:40
withdraw to camp with Caesar however00:49:44
bolstered by this success the Britons00:49:47
amassed their full force of infantry00:49:49
cavalry and chariots and marched on the00:49:52
camp Caesar drew out his legions to meet00:49:55
them so far he had been fighting in00:49:58
difficult circumstances in water in00:50:00
ambushes against a highly mobile enemy00:50:03
but this was an ideal situation for the00:50:06
Romans where their formations and00:50:08
discipline could truly make a difference00:50:12
the Britons charged but in these00:50:14
conditions the Romans had a significant00:50:17
advantage whilst the chariots and00:50:19
cavalry had proved highly effective00:50:21
against small groups of Roman infantry00:50:23
with the legions in a cohesive line they00:50:26
now had little effect the Britons00:50:29
quickly caught on to this fact and00:50:30
disengaged their chariots and cavalry00:50:33
leaving the battlefield the Roman00:50:36
infantry was now able to surge forward00:50:38
and catch a portion of the Britain00:50:41
infantry routing it completely the00:50:44
Britons were excellent at hit-and-run00:50:46
tactics and ambushes00:50:47
but in set-piece battles the Romans were00:50:50
far superior00:50:54
once again the britons sent a peace00:50:56
delegation and Caesar knowing that his00:50:59
options were limited and that he did not00:51:01
have enough resources to carry out a00:51:03
full campaign accepted and then hastily00:51:07
withdrew from the island during the00:51:09
night however on his way back to ball two00:51:12
ships were blown off-course in a storm00:51:15
300 Romans were stranded and surrounded00:51:18
by a belgae tribe the Marini00:51:20
who Caesar had only recently subjugated00:51:23
and were key from spoils and revenge00:51:26
the Romans were assailed from all sides00:51:28
with missiles in hit-and-run attacks00:51:30
against their small group seized a00:51:33
caught wind of this and gathered as much00:51:35
cavalry as he could to personally lead00:51:37
them to the men's rescue managing to00:51:40
write down the goals and save the Romans00:51:42
with only minimal casualties00:51:44
Debee Ennis would later be sent into the00:51:47
Belgae territory to winter there and00:51:49
reinforce Roman rule in the area neither00:51:52
the invasion of Britain nor this foray00:51:55
into Belgae territory were significant00:51:58
military achievements however they show00:52:00
why Caesar was so loved by his men he00:52:04
was brave achieving things no Roman had00:52:06
ever done before he was calm under00:52:09
pressure and most importantly he would00:52:12
lead from the front and showed that he00:52:14
cared for his soldiers and was prepared00:52:16
to risk his life to save them00:52:21
the Britain campaign had not achieved00:52:23
much for the Romans but it did provide00:52:25
Caesar with crucial knowledge about the00:52:27
Britain's military the climate and the00:52:30
level of preparation that he would need00:52:32
to succeed lessons he would learn from00:52:34
for next year00:52:36
moreover the Roman public and Senate00:52:39
were amazed by his feat of crossing the00:52:41
channel into unknown territories and a00:52:44
full twenty days of Thanksgiving were00:52:46
declared to recognize his achievement00:52:49
after dealing with some administrative00:52:52
matters in 54 BC Caesar began planning a00:52:56
second campaign in Britain almost six00:52:59
hundred transports and 28 warships were00:53:02
built implementing vanetti shipbuilding00:53:05
techniques better suited to the rough00:53:07
seas Caesar called on his Gallic allies00:53:10
and vassals and amassed 4,000 cavalry00:53:13
including tribal leaders once again00:53:15
bolstering his army and minimizing the00:53:18
risk of revolts in Gaul he left half of00:53:21
his cavalry and three legions in Gaul00:53:23
and crossed with five legions and 2,00000:53:26
cavalry more than double his previous00:53:28
numbers this was going to be a full00:53:31
invasion Caesar landed at the same place00:53:35
as before but this time he was unopposed00:53:38
he quickly established a camp in the00:53:40
area and sent out scouts who promptly00:53:43
brought back some local prisoners they00:53:46
informed Caesar that a large army had00:53:48
actually gathered to oppose the landing00:53:50
but had retreated upon seeing the size00:53:53
of Caesars force leaving a Legion at the00:53:56
camp he immediately set out in search of00:53:58
the bridge an army00:54:02
the Romans marched through the night and00:54:04
were able to catch up to the Britons in00:54:07
a hill fort on the other side of a river00:54:09
although the Romans were tired00:54:11
Caesar was determined to confront the00:54:14
Britons and began crossing the Britons00:54:17
cavalry and chariots rushed down from00:54:19
the high ground to harass the Romans as00:54:21
they crossed Caesars allied Gallic00:54:23
cavalry were experienced in fighting in00:54:26
such scenarios and proved their value00:54:28
chasing off the British who quickly00:54:30
retreated to the woods surrounding the00:54:33
fort00:54:35
as the legions began their advance up00:54:38
the hill they were harassed from the00:54:40
woods by the Britons preventing them00:54:42
from making significant progress until00:54:44
the twelfth Legion formdata stood oh and00:54:46
were able to make a rudimentary rampart00:54:49
in order to move over the walls00:54:51
the Romans were now inside the00:54:53
fortifications but the Britons were00:54:56
quick to escape the fort and retreated00:54:58
deeper into the woods00:55:00
considering the men had carried out a00:55:02
night march and battle and that he did00:55:05
not know the terrain and weather any00:55:07
more Britons would be waiting for him00:55:08
Caesar made camp for the night00:55:13
the next day word reached him that a00:55:16
storm in the night and again damaged his00:55:19
ships without the ships Caesar would be00:55:22
at the mercy of the Britons so he00:55:24
decided to prioritize overseeing their00:55:26
repairs he commanded his army to00:55:29
reassemble and march back to the beach00:55:31
upon arriving he discovered that forty00:55:34
ships were beyond repair but the rest00:55:37
were salvageable Caesar ordered that the00:55:39
ships be brought onto the beach and a00:55:42
large wall was constructed encompassing00:55:44
the camp and four ships he also sent00:55:47
word to labienus to build more ships in00:55:49
Gaul00:55:52
he then set off once again to find the00:55:55
Britons they were in the same Hill fort00:55:58
but it was a larger force than before00:56:00
under the command of casa vilanis a00:56:02
tribal leader beyond the Thames who was00:56:05
appointed the leader of a United00:56:07
coalition against the Romans Caesar had00:56:12
marched past this fort possibly not00:56:15
wanting to attack such a large and00:56:17
fortified enemy instead attacking00:56:19
exposed villages to try and draw passive00:56:22
Ilana's out at the same time his troops00:56:25
were constantly harassed by the Britons00:56:27
cavalry and chariots fighting skirmishes00:56:30
with the Roman cavalry on the flanks00:56:32
luring them into the forests before00:56:34
turning back to inflict significant00:56:36
casualties the Britons seemingly allowed00:56:41
the Roman advance party time to begin00:56:44
making a fort for the night00:56:45
however as construction began the00:56:48
Britons attacked again the Romans who00:56:51
were on guard were able to form a line00:56:53
to defend the site but the fighting was00:56:55
brutal with the Briton chariots darting00:56:58
in and out of the Roman formation Caesar00:57:01
was forced to send a further two cohorts00:57:03
from the vanguard to quickly reinforce00:57:05
this line the Romans were not used to00:57:10
the Britain style of fighting00:57:12
particularly chariot hit-and-run tactics00:57:14
drawing out the Roman infantry from00:57:16
formation who were too slow to catch00:57:19
them at one point the Britons were able00:57:22
to draw out a Manipal far enough to00:57:24
create a gap which they were able to00:57:26
exploit punching through the Roman line00:57:28
and inflicting many casualties it was00:57:31
not until the rest of the Roman army00:57:33
caught up that the Britons disengaged00:57:35
and retreated the cacif Ilana's was00:57:38
proving himself a conic enemy00:57:40
[Music]00:57:45
Caesar marched to the Thames towards00:57:48
casa villainous his own territories in00:57:50
an attempt to draw them out though he00:57:53
was able to find a position on the river00:57:55
where he could cross the legions were00:57:57
once again harassed by Britain's amassed00:57:59
on the other bank who quickly retreated00:58:02
once the Romans were on dry land00:58:04
[Music]00:58:06
kasa villainous then made the decision00:58:09
to dismiss the vast majority of his army00:58:12
except for four thousand chariots likely00:58:15
realising that fighting a pitched battle00:58:17
against the Roman heavy infantry would00:58:19
be futile a smaller force would serve00:58:23
him much better in a guerrilla war it00:58:25
would be easier to hide faster to move00:58:28
and need fewer supplies to maintain00:58:30
given the fact that he knew the terrain00:58:33
and Caesar did not this was a smart and00:58:36
calculated move00:58:39
however cacif Alanis is previous wars00:58:42
with other Britons had made him many00:58:45
enemies and his new guerrilla tactics00:58:47
were not popular with the trainer ban00:58:49
T's whose leader casa villainous had00:58:52
previously killed00:58:53
they sent envoys to Caesar surrendering00:58:56
and promising hostages the trainer ban00:58:59
T's were second in power only to Casa00:59:01
villainous himself and without their00:59:04
support numerous tribes followed suit00:59:06
surrendering to Caesar they also00:59:09
provided critical Intel to Caesar00:59:11
including the location of Casa vilanis's00:59:14
capital Caesar marched there another00:59:19
hill fort burning all villages and00:59:21
fields on the way and besieged it from00:59:24
both sides once again hoping to draw the00:59:26
Briton leader into a direct00:59:28
confrontation Casa valannus however did00:59:31
not take the bait although his guerrilla00:59:34
tactics were effective they were taking00:59:37
a toll on the Britons and the defenders00:59:39
within the capital quickly fled Casa00:59:44
felon has realized he needed to gain a00:59:46
victory not wanting to fight Caesar00:59:49
directly though he instead sent envoys00:59:51
to four allied Kings in Kent who00:59:54
launched an attack on the Roman camp on00:59:56
the beach in order to try and draw00:59:58
Caesar away from Casa villainesses land01:00:01
however the Roman fortifications were01:00:04
strong and the force Caesar had left on01:00:07
the beach was easily able to repel the01:00:09
attack01:00:13
Casa Phil honest was forced to sue for01:00:16
peace01:00:17
Caesar readily accepted in exchange for01:00:20
hostages and tribute winter was closing01:00:23
in and he had no desire to spend it in01:00:25
unknown hostile lands the Romans01:00:29
returned to the beach and sailed back to01:00:31
Gaul overall it is hard to see the01:00:36
invasion as an immense military victory01:00:39
Casa villainess had not been decisively01:00:42
defeated in battle nor captured and the01:00:45
Romans maintained no presence in Britain01:00:47
from the Briton standpoint it was a01:00:50
strategic victory having successfully01:00:52
pushed the Romans out of their lands01:00:55
[Music]01:00:56
still his campaigns in Britain had taken01:01:00
two years and without Caesars presence01:01:03
Gaul was beginning to Stern in 54 BC a01:01:07
Gallic tribe via Barone's under their01:01:10
leader01:01:11
ambiorix successfully revolted in01:01:13
Belgica ambushing and destroying the01:01:16
7,000 to 9,000 strong Roman detachment01:01:19
that had been sent to winter in their01:01:21
territory at at a wet ago01:01:25
following this success Ambiorix began to01:01:29
besiege the Roman garrison in the Nervii01:01:31
territory and a general revolt in the01:01:34
area broke out in duty Oh Maris and the01:01:36
treviri also rising in rebellion and01:01:39
being supported by the Germanic tribes01:01:41
across the Rhine this was a dangerous01:01:44
position Caesar had spread his legions01:01:47
across Gaul in order to not put too much01:01:49
strain on the resources of one area and01:01:52
thus divided they were vulnerable01:01:54
targets01:01:57
however he reacted quickly marching01:02:01
directly to the besieged Legion in nervy01:02:03
territory while labienus fought off the01:02:05
in duty of Maris upon seeing Caesar01:02:08
approaching and the Oryx gave up the01:02:11
siege to face this new threat and was01:02:14
quickly defeated while almost01:02:16
simultaneously01:02:17
labienus was able to successfully repel01:02:19
his opponents Roman retribution for this01:02:23
revolt was Swift and devastating the a01:02:26
Barone's were effectively wiped out01:02:28
while Ambiorix according to some sources01:02:31
left call for Germania to help stabilize01:02:34
the situation Pompey mobilized two more01:02:38
legions and Caesar himself raised01:02:40
another he now had almost 50,000 men in01:02:43
Gaul under his command however this was01:02:46
only the prelude to something much01:02:48
bigger01:02:51
in 52 BC sees it returns to Italy in01:02:55
order to defuse another political01:02:57
problem and in the same year another01:02:59
large-scale revolt started an hour01:03:03
Bernie leader01:03:04
Vercingetorix who probably knew about01:03:06
the political problems in Rome had01:03:08
organized an alliance of powerful Gallic01:03:11
tribes that inspired by Ambiorix were01:03:14
now seeking independence and had begun01:03:17
attacking Roman outposts and Roman01:03:19
allies in court01:03:23
upon hearing this Caesar quickly01:03:25
returned to Gaul to handle the situation01:03:28
going on one of his famous forced01:03:30
marches he swiftly quelled the sono01:03:33
knees and Coyotes by taking their01:03:35
capitals his next target was one of the01:03:38
largest towns of the bitter Iggy's novia01:03:40
Dunham vercingetorix attempted to stop01:03:43
Caesars advance near the city but the01:03:46
Roman heavy infantry was too much for01:03:48
the Gauls and they were forced to01:03:50
retreat losing many which allowed Caesar01:03:53
to take the city to finish off the01:03:56
Vitara Keys he needed to take their01:03:58
capital avaricum01:03:59
at this point Vercingetorix started01:04:02
employing scorched-earth tactics and the01:04:04
battery Keys joined him by burning down01:04:07
20 of their towns everyone but avaricum01:04:10
the Romans moved against this settlement01:04:13
and besieged it and although avaricum01:04:15
was very defensible and vercingetorix01:04:18
attempted to help its defenders it fell01:04:20
in less than a month Caesar slaughtered01:04:23
40,000 locals and replenished his01:04:26
supplies01:04:29
it was clear for vercingetorix that he01:04:32
couldn't beat the Romans in the field01:04:34
meanwhile Caesar was eager to end the01:04:37
rebellion before it could spread to01:04:39
other Gallic tribes so he decided to01:04:41
strike the decisive blow by taking the01:04:44
capital of the arverni gergovia leaving01:04:47
some troops in the area01:04:48
Caesar marched with 25,000 towards this01:04:51
settlement while Vercingetorix shadowed01:04:54
him giga via was in a very solid01:04:59
defensive position located on top of a01:05:01
high plateau and Vercingetorix managed01:05:04
to overtake caesar and positioned his01:05:06
army on the hills in front of the city01:05:10
as he had done in previous battles01:05:13
Caesar hopes to cut his enemy's supply01:05:16
lines in order to force them out of01:05:18
their defensive position whilst he would01:05:20
be receiving supplies from the a Dewey01:05:22
his Gallic allies however the Gauls had01:05:25
occupied a hill overlooking the supply01:05:28
line from where they could ensure water01:05:30
and grain could be transported into the01:05:32
city taking it would therefore be01:05:34
crucial to caesar's plan in a quick01:05:40
night attack he was able to dislodge the01:05:42
Gallic garrison there and stationed two01:05:45
legions on the hill linking this01:05:47
position with the main Roman camp by a01:05:49
trench so far all was going according to01:05:52
plan01:05:53
Caesars allies would supply him from the01:05:55
rear and Vercingetorix would now be01:05:58
forced to either sacrifice his defensive01:06:00
position in order to re-establish his01:06:02
supply line or be starved out01:06:06
however vercingetorix had his own plans01:06:09
he bribed the a Dewey who then also01:06:13
joined the revolt attacking the Roman01:06:15
supplies and threatening to cut off01:06:18
season surround him once again01:06:21
Vercingetorix seemed to have studied01:06:23
Rome's tactics deeply as this strategy01:06:26
was one of Caesars own favorite01:06:28
strategies01:06:29
[Music]01:06:31
Caesar was forced to leave two legions01:06:33
to guard the Roman position at Segovia01:06:35
and took the other four to deal with the01:06:38
eight Dewey quickly subdue them and01:06:40
forcing them to send 10,000 cavalry back01:06:43
to the siege with him this revolt had01:06:46
Caesar worried that he might face even01:06:49
more revolts and could soon be encircled01:06:52
by the rebels he needed to extract his01:06:55
legions from gergovia and consolidate01:06:57
his troops however the situation at the01:07:02
city was not looking good the two01:07:05
legions left to guard the Roman camp had01:07:07
been hard pressed the entire time Caesar01:07:10
had been gone furthermore vercingetorix01:07:13
had divided his forces leaving half to01:07:17
defend and fortify the main Gallic camp01:07:19
in front of the city and half led by01:07:22
himself two fortified positions on the01:07:24
surrounding hills on the Gallic right01:07:26
flank with a six-foot wall now in front01:07:30
of the main Gallic camp and the Gallic01:07:32
fortifications on the hills01:07:34
vercingetorix had removed any01:07:36
opportunity for Caesar to encircle him01:07:38
and the city01:07:41
seeing the Gallic forces divided Caesar01:07:45
saw an opportunity to attack their main01:07:47
camp in order to deal a heavy enough01:07:49
blow to allow his army to retreat01:07:52
unmolested01:07:53
he sent a diversionary force of one01:07:56
Legion and some cavalry to the01:07:57
surrounding hills making a huge amount01:08:00
of noise in order to distract the force01:08:02
commanded by vercingetorix then he01:08:05
quickly and quietly moved his remaining01:08:07
legions up to the Gallic camp leaving a01:08:10
few cohorts in the smaller camp on the01:08:12
occupied Hill while the a dewy cavalry01:08:14
were sent to flank around the Gallic01:08:16
left by another route the Romans quickly01:08:22
clambered over the wall and fell upon01:08:24
the Gallic camp the Romans initially had01:08:26
significant success pushing the goals01:08:29
right up to the walls of the city but01:08:31
Caesar ordered a withdrawal before the01:08:34
rest of the Gallic force under01:08:35
vercingetorix could reinforce them01:08:37
however only one legion the tenth heard01:08:41
this order and retreated the others01:08:43
continuing to press on and assaulting01:08:46
the city itself some Romans managed to01:08:49
climb on top of the city walls but were01:08:51
quickly cut down and thrown back off01:08:54
missiles from the city walls fell into01:08:56
the Roman ranks as they fought around01:08:58
the base of the walls01:09:02
vercingetorix realizing what was01:09:04
happening from his position on the01:09:06
surrounding hills sent the rest of his01:09:08
force headed by his cavalry to reinforce01:09:11
the camp the Roman position was now01:09:14
truly desperate the initial Gallic force01:09:17
and the city walls were in front of them01:09:19
there was no way of cutting a way out by01:09:22
pushing forward and with first in01:09:24
gatoring crashing into their flank the01:09:26
Legionaries were under serious pressure01:09:28
and were almost surrounded the officers01:09:34
did their best to maintain Roman01:09:36
discipline and form a defensive01:09:38
formation according to Caesar himself01:09:41
46th Centurions died in this struggle01:09:44
roughly a quarter of all the Centurions01:09:46
present and so maintaining any solid01:09:49
formation was almost impossible the ado01:09:52
II finally appeared on a hill to the01:09:54
Roman right flank but the Romans unable01:09:57
to tell if they were allied or not broke01:09:59
completely thinking that they were about01:10:01
to be fully surrounded Caesar was able01:10:07
to use the tenth Legion and the cohort01:10:09
that had been stationed in the small01:10:10
camp to cover the retreat and prevented01:10:14
the goals from chasing them down01:10:15
avoiding the total destruction of his01:10:17
army and withdrew from the field in his01:10:21
commentaries Caesar says that only 70001:10:24
men were lost in this battle01:10:25
but this is likely vastly underplaying01:10:28
the situation caesar being forced to01:10:31
assemble a rearguard and retreating01:10:33
shows how disastrous the battle was and01:10:36
it is likely that the romans lost01:10:38
thousands modern estimates suggesting as01:10:40
many as 6,00001:10:44
while Caesar was fighting a losing01:10:46
battle against vercingetorix antic ago01:10:49
via his best legged Titus labienus were01:10:52
sent to deal with rebellions in northern01:10:54
Gaul local goals emboldened by01:10:57
Vercingetorix and led by camilla genis01:11:00
were consolidating around modern Paris01:11:02
which was called Lutetia at that time01:11:05
and was the capital of the parousia01:11:07
labienus had left a Legion near Agra01:11:10
dinkum in order to have a supply line to01:11:12
Caesar and marched with four more01:11:14
legions towards Lutetia01:11:16
his troops took met lucidum along the01:11:19
way but their attempts to cross the01:11:21
river sen were blocked by camilla jenis01:11:23
labienus was forced to retreat back to01:11:26
met lucidum luckily for him his Scouts01:11:32
had found another crossing near mez01:11:34
lucidum he crossed there and moved01:11:36
against the Gauls01:11:37
however camel aganist used Vercingetorix01:11:41
is scorched-earth tactic burning Lutetia01:11:43
and retreating to the swamps beyond at01:11:47
the same time labienus learned about01:11:49
Caesars defeat at Koga via which01:11:51
provoked a big Gallic tribe called the01:11:53
lavake led by couriers to rebel so he01:11:57
knew that he had to retreat beyond the01:11:59
sin and unite with his legion in Agra01:12:02
dinkum labienus decision to divide his01:12:05
forces into three provoked camila01:12:07
Kenna's into attacking him to the south01:12:09
of Lutetia without waiting for the bell01:12:11
of a key and in the ensuing battle the01:12:14
Romans used the fact that they're01:12:15
divided forces were closer to each other01:12:18
each group supported the other and01:12:20
allegiance managed to defeat the goals01:12:22
with ease Camilla genna's was killed in01:12:25
the process which slowed down the01:12:27
consolidation of the anti-roman01:12:29
rebellion in northern Gaul01:12:31
[Music]01:12:33
Caeser aunt labienus both retreated01:12:36
towards agra dinkum where the united01:12:38
their forces meanwhile more and more01:12:41
goals were joining the rebellion and01:12:42
after the rest of the ado we joined it01:12:45
even the Roman province of New Bern NC01:12:47
was attacked by them Caesar and his 1001:12:50
legions moved through the sequani and01:12:52
lincolnís territory to the east in order01:12:55
to gain a line of retreat to the Roman01:12:57
province of Gallia transalpina at the01:13:00
same time sees his own voice secured a01:13:02
group of germanic mercenaries who joined01:13:04
the roman cavalry01:13:06
Vercingetorix and his 80,000 tried to01:13:09
attack Caesar when the latter was trying01:13:11
to cross the even gyani River but the01:13:14
Romans were able to stop the attack with01:13:16
ease it is not clear why but this minor01:13:19
defeat either disheartened vercingetorix01:13:21
or showed him that he couldn't win01:13:23
against the Romans in an open battle so01:13:26
he probably tried to recreate the01:13:28
factors that led to the victory at01:13:29
gergovia when he retreated to the mando01:13:32
B capital of Alesia Caesar followed him01:13:35
to the settlement01:13:37
[Music]01:13:40
Alicia was a well-defended city on a01:13:43
hill and Vercingetorix sent messages to01:13:45
his nearby Allah is to come to his aid01:13:48
Vercingetorix was in a strong position01:13:50
he outnumbered Caesar commanding a force01:13:53
of up to 80,000 men and was surrounded01:13:56
by allies who would be able to quickly01:13:58
send men to reinforce him from his01:14:01
position it should be a simple rerun of01:14:03
gergovia he would wait on the high01:14:05
ground for his allies to arrive so they01:14:08
could either disrupt the Roman supply01:14:09
lines or attack them in the rear Caesar01:14:14
had learned his lesson though despite01:14:17
his smaller numbers he immediately began01:14:19
the work of fully surrounding and01:14:21
besieging Alesia something which01:14:23
vercingetorix had been able to prevent01:14:25
him doing at kogo via the Romans began01:14:28
constructing a sixteen kilometer war01:14:30
fully encircling the entire city01:14:32
complete with Palisades trenches and01:14:35
towers hoping to cut off any escape01:14:38
[Music]01:14:40
vercingetorix sent his cavalry out to01:14:43
try and disrupt these works but for the01:14:45
legions were able to form a defensive01:14:46
line to hold them while the German01:14:48
auxiliaries flanked around the side01:14:50
the Germans proved to be vital to the01:14:53
Roman cause and their superior01:14:55
horsemanship forced the Gallic cavalry01:14:58
to retreat back into the city killing01:15:00
many as they were funneled into the01:15:01
narrow gates realizing that he would01:15:06
soon be completely surrounded01:15:08
vercingetorix decided to send out what01:15:11
was left of his cavalry at night to01:15:13
sneak past the Roman line and head to01:15:15
the nearby tribes to request01:15:17
reinforcements as soon as possible upon01:15:23
completing the first war Caesar learned01:15:25
from some Gallic deserters that these01:15:27
messengers had been sent and so01:15:29
constructed a second wall this one01:15:32
almost 21 kilometers long and complete01:15:35
with two trenches and a moat facing01:15:37
outwards to protect against any Gallic01:15:39
reinforcements creating a donor's like01:15:41
structure with Alesia in the center01:15:46
he next sent out huge foraging parties01:15:49
to collect enough food to sustain his01:15:51
troops for the next 30 days in doing01:15:54
this Caesar had effectively robbed01:15:56
Vercingetorix of his advantages with the01:15:59
Romans thus defended and supplied it was01:16:02
the Gauls who now faced a well dug in01:16:04
enemy and it was now Vercingetorix whose01:16:06
time was running out with an army of01:16:09
80,000 men inside the city plus the01:16:12
civilian population and no way of01:16:14
resupplying it was only a matter of time01:16:16
before he was starved out this was01:16:19
caesar's magnum opus01:16:22
faced with a desperate situation01:16:25
vercingetorix made the difficult01:16:27
decision to expel anyone who wasn't01:16:29
going to be fighting the old the sick01:16:32
women and children he had hoped that01:16:35
Caesar would allow these people through01:16:37
the Roman defenses and to safety but01:16:40
Caesar was not in a merciful mood he01:16:43
refused to let them pass and the01:16:45
civilians were left between the walls of01:16:47
Alesia and the Romans imploring both01:16:50
sides for food and water01:16:52
neither side relenting over the next few01:16:55
days many died of starvation and thirst01:16:57
the space between the armies becoming01:17:00
full of the dying and dead01:17:05
the Gallic allies finally arrived to try01:17:07
and relieve the siege under the command01:17:09
of Vercingetorix his cousin the Casa01:17:11
vilanis it is hard to say precisely how01:17:14
many there were01:17:16
Caesar claims that the number was as01:17:18
high as 250 thousand with modern01:17:21
estimates suggesting somewhere between01:17:22
70 and a hundred thousand whatever the01:17:25
true number was all agree that the01:17:27
Romans were now significantly01:17:28
outnumbered01:17:30
at least two to one01:17:33
on the first day of their arrival they01:17:36
quickly filled in the first room and01:17:38
trench and sent across a combined force01:17:40
of light infantry and cavalry to probe01:17:43
the defenses whilst the rest of the army01:17:45
set up camp01:17:46
Caesar countered by sending out his own01:17:49
Germanic cavalry and a fierce skirmish01:17:51
ensued from their elevated position01:17:56
inside the city the besieged scorers saw01:17:58
that their allies had arrived and01:18:00
simultaneously began massing for a Sally01:18:02
against the inner fortifications however01:18:05
the Germans once again proved their01:18:07
skill at maneuvering and flanking their01:18:10
Gallic counterparts forcing them back01:18:12
across the trench and into the Gallic01:18:14
camp seeing his allies defeated01:18:17
vercingetorix decided to bide his time01:18:19
and held off his attack01:18:23
the reinforcements spent the next day01:18:25
constructing siege ladders and then at01:18:28
midnight launched another attack taking01:18:31
the Romans by surprise they found some01:18:33
initial success but Mark Antony in his01:18:36
first battle was commanding this section01:18:38
of the wall and proved himself to be a01:18:40
composed and skillful lieutenant pulling01:18:43
troops from other sections of the walls01:18:45
to reinforce his position again01:18:47
Vercingetorix began to sally out to try01:18:50
and help his allies but was delayed by01:18:52
having to fill the roman trench by the01:18:55
time he had crossed it Antony had01:18:57
successfully fought off the assault and01:18:59
vercingetorix again withdrew into the01:19:01
city01:19:04
following these two failed assaults01:19:06
Vikas Avalon has conducted more thorough01:19:08
reconnaissance of the room and position01:19:10
and discovered that a steep hill01:19:12
overlooked the roman wall in the01:19:14
northern section hoping to use this high01:19:17
ground to his advantage the next day the01:19:19
course used their overwhelming numbers01:19:21
to attack the entire length of the01:19:23
outside wall but concentrated a larger01:19:26
force under four Casa valannus on this01:19:28
portion at the same time vercingetorix01:19:33
against a lead out this time attacking01:19:36
the length of the interior Roman01:19:38
fortifications hitting were ever looked01:19:40
weakest this was the toughest the01:19:42
fighting had been so far Caesar as he01:19:45
had done at the Battle of sabes dashed01:19:47
from cohorts to cohort urging his men on01:19:50
leading reserve cohorts personally to01:19:52
points where the defense's looks like01:19:54
they were faltering01:19:55
[Music]01:19:57
Vica sevillanas began making headway01:19:59
piling earthworks up against the walls01:20:02
in order to mount them and using books01:20:04
and siege engines to tear down the Roman01:20:07
defenses Caesar committed every man he01:20:09
has left of his reserves pulling every01:20:12
man who could be spared and sending them01:20:14
into the action it was a desperate01:20:16
battle for the Romans01:20:17
between the two walls there would be no01:20:19
escape and if the line faltered the01:20:22
entire army would surely be wiped out01:20:26
the Roman line was holding the Gallic01:20:29
Army but it seemed like it wouldn't last01:20:31
for long but then Caesar appeared at the01:20:34
top of the hill leading the Germanic01:20:37
auxiliaries he crashed into the rear of01:20:39
the Gallic reinforcements surrounded now01:20:42
on all sides01:20:43
the Gauls who had pushed through the01:20:44
breach were decimated and the tide of01:20:47
battle changed seeing their largest01:20:49
contingent broken the morale of the rest01:20:52
of the Gallic reinforcements shattered01:20:54
as they quickly fled with this threat01:20:57
thus neutralized the Romans turned to01:20:59
deal with Vercingetorix who was01:21:01
attacking the interior wall and they01:21:03
were able to force him back into the01:21:05
city with the city still besieged and01:21:10
his reinforcements spent vercingetorix01:21:12
surrendered it is unknown how many01:21:15
Romans died but the casualties must have01:21:18
been fairly significant given the01:21:20
intensity of the fighting particularly01:21:22
at the point where the fortifications01:21:24
had been breached the Gallic relief01:21:26
force suffered heavy casualties the01:21:29
entirety of the besieged Army in Alesia01:21:31
was either killed or enslaved and both01:21:33
for kasev Ilana's and Vercingetorix were01:21:35
taken alive01:21:41
although most of the rebel leaders were01:21:43
either dead or captured the resistance01:21:46
against Rome was far from over as the01:21:48
Patera Keys Carney T's Belliveau key at01:21:51
Roberta's and a cavi and others were01:21:54
still in open rebellion in January of 5101:21:57
BC Caesar moved against the battery G's01:22:00
this winter campaign surprised that the01:22:03
Cherokees who were probably unprepared01:22:05
for it and soon they sued for peace01:22:07
which allowed Caesar to return to his01:22:10
winter quarters01:22:13
however soon the Patera tees were01:22:15
attacked by the karna tees for yielding01:22:17
to the Romans01:22:18
once again Caesar marched swiftly and01:22:21
took his enemies by surprise forcing the01:22:24
Coyotes to submit the Romans made new01:22:27
winter quarters at scannable and stayed01:22:29
there until the spring leaving six01:22:34
legions in the area Caesar took four and01:22:37
moved against the bell of a Kiev chorus01:22:38
and the Acrobat ease of Kamiya's this01:22:42
campaign proves difficult as both tribes01:22:45
abandoned their lands and Forte guerilla01:22:47
war against the Romans fortunately for01:22:50
the legions coria's was killed in one of01:22:52
the ambushes which proved to be the01:22:54
final straw for the bell of a key they01:22:57
were convinced to seek peace while01:22:59
Kamiya's retreated to the east to01:23:01
continue his resistance01:23:04
to the south the antique Aviat act lemon01:23:07
'm and were defeated by caesar's01:23:09
lieutenants the remainder of the Gallic01:23:12
forces in the area attempted to defend01:23:14
that oxalic Dunham but were defeated by01:23:16
Caesar soon after the last engagement of01:23:20
the Warsaw commie is defeated in the01:23:22
north and the rebellion was over Gaul01:23:27
was pacified and Caesar won over the01:23:30
remaining Gallic leaders with gifts and01:23:32
the promise of lower tribute he knew01:23:35
that the battle for Rome was about to01:23:37
start the civil war that would end the01:23:40
centuries-long Republic was just around01:23:42
the corner thus ends the first season of01:23:45
our series on Gaius Julius Caesar but he01:23:48
will be back for the second season so01:23:50
make sure you are subscribed to our01:23:52
channel and have pressed the bell button01:23:54
we would like to express our gratitude01:23:56
to our patreon supporters and channel01:23:58
members who make the creation of our01:24:00
videos possible now you can also support01:24:02
us by buying our merchandise via the01:24:05
link in the description this is the01:24:07
kings and Generals channel and we will01:24:09
catch you on the next oneDescription:
In our animated historical documentary on the Gallic War and Gaius Julius Caesar, we will cover the war between the Romans and the Celts in modern France, and the battles of Bibracte, Vosges, Axona, Sabis, Gergovia, Alesia, alongside Caesars invasions of Britain and Germany. In these battles, Caesar and his legionaries fought against Helvetii led by Divico, Suebi led by Ariovistus, Belgae led by Galba, Nervii led by Boduognatus, Britons led by Cassivellaunus, Eburones led by Ambiorix and Arverni led by Vercingetorix. The Roman Civil war against Pompey is just around the corner. Kings and Generals Full Length Documentaries: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaBYW76inbX5i81Dml0VEQqxWoJVueilr Our podcast on the history of the Celts: https://kingsandgenerals.libsyn.com/6-celts-before-caesar Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals or Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/kingsandgenerals Check out our Merch Store: https://kingsandgenerals.creator-spring.com/ We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_RlpYcXb7Q-bF6Lyv0NZHeg_49HuX_oifliX5Rt6Ny0/edit?usp=sharing The script was researched and written by Peter Voller. This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ) The art for this video was created by Oğuz Tunç bit.ly/2H6oRjw 0:00 Introduction 1:32 Battles of Arar and Bibracte 11:37 Battle of Vosges 23:17 Battle of Axona 30:05 Battle of the Sabis 36:03 Campaign against the Veneti and crossing the Rhine 44:03 Caesar in Britain 52:49 Caesar in Britain – Round 2 1:01:05 Ambiorix and Vercingetorix - The Battle of Gergovia 1:10:45 Battle of Alesia Machinimas for the video made on the Total War: Rome 2 Engine by Malay Archer (https://www.youtube.com/user/MathemedicUpdates) ✔ Merch store ► https://kingsandgenerals.creator-spring.com/ ✔ Patreon ► https://www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals ✔ Podcast ► https://kingsandgenerals.libsyn.com/ iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/age-of-conquest-a-kings-and-generals-podcast/id1446527049 ✔ PayPal ► https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/kingsandgenerals ✔ Twitter ► https://twitter.com/KingsGenerals ✔ Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser ✔ Instagram ►https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com/
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