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Russian
00:00:11
hello dear viewer, listener, we00:00:14
continue our series of the history of the first00:00:18
Russian revolution and today Gleb and I00:00:20
will discuss a very interesting aspect,00:00:23
firstly Gleb hello hello everyone, but00:00:27
secondly, and how is the interesting aspect, we00:00:29
will talk to you, but according to our00:00:32
plan, the00:00:33
role of the Jews of the first Russian revolution00:00:36
and not only Jews in general, in principle, we00:00:39
will talk specifically about the top attitude towards00:00:42
Jews specifically what00:00:45
existed and what took place in00:00:48
that period of00:00:50
1905, but then we00:00:53
will talk about it accordingly because it is even00:00:57
still, although it would seem how long00:01:01
the stamp has passed that the revolution, both the first and the revolutions of00:01:05
17, were made by Jews because they00:01:09
hate everything Russian, supposedly many very much00:01:12
reproduce this, the Orthodox is vile,00:01:16
and that’s why they are such00:01:19
alien foreigners who want to00:01:22
destroy00:01:24
Mother Russia and ultimately00:01:26
destroyed it, you remember this was00:01:29
before the very real official ideology00:01:32
you and I when we talked about the00:01:34
Russian-Japanese, I said that00:01:37
it posed a00:01:38
threat to Russia from the point of view of the00:01:41
official propagandists of the time,00:01:43
namely the conservative00:01:46
monarchical loyalist type00:01:49
there were two dangers, the yellow threat, the00:01:52
Jewish threat, let’s not00:01:55
forget about it we talked in00:01:57
our video before last that there was still a00:01:59
danger of searching for a threat, so how in00:02:03
such a situation to be a patriot for the king is00:02:06
not clear, you need to do something, as they say,00:02:08
that the person was 5 years old and earlier they00:02:11
did a lot of unpleasant, completely00:02:15
inhumane things they did, but00:02:18
let's take it in order We’ll probably start with the basics,00:02:21
how Jews appeared on the territory00:02:24
of our country, but come on, yes, of course we need to00:02:27
go into how we like to drop it on a00:02:30
full bayonet and from the Mesozoic era, no,00:02:34
put aside the Mesozoic, we won’t even00:02:37
talk about ancient Russia, we won’t00:02:39
talk about00:02:41
now for many the Khazar Kaganate is rubbing your ears on you,00:02:43
we won’t talk00:02:46
about the heresy of the Judaizers, we’ll00:02:50
still talk about the 18th century, that is, the Khazar00:02:53
bankers are not guilty of anything for the Russian00:02:57
bankers are00:02:58
to blame just like the00:03:00
bankers treasurer treasurer Russian00:03:04
Bulgarian Pecheneg Polovtsian there00:03:08
was a typical feudal war00:03:11
against everyone everyone with many alliances and so00:03:14
on, the fact that the Slavic leader Svyatoslav00:03:17
defeated the00:03:18
Khazaria does not mean anything that there00:03:21
were some indelible contradictions right between them00:03:24
no00:03:26
no no of course no they were just00:03:29
feudal units that fought for00:03:31
resources no we Now let's move on to the 18th00:03:34
century because it must be said that around the00:03:40
1770s, the Jewish population in00:03:45
Russia was very small, indeed00:03:47
they were the only ones, or in the form of00:03:50
invited specialists,00:03:51
you can remember, for example, one of00:03:54
Peter's associates Devereux, who00:03:57
was a Portuguese00:03:59
Jew. - cross by origin00:04:02
or individual merchants came by the way,00:04:05
with anion there was no case when, for the fact00:04:08
that one nobleman crossed the water, he was00:04:11
burned on the Admiralty00:04:13
Island, along with the Jew who00:04:16
turns out to be a Brazilian from you brought him to00:04:19
Judaism, you are00:04:22
just like the horrors of some kind of nightmare before that00:04:26
17th century St. Petersburg is the same and there they00:04:29
burned a man because he switched from00:04:31
one faith to another, of course there were00:04:34
special consequences, a very00:04:35
real Inquisition, it must be said,00:04:37
however, civilization seemed to be in the 18th00:04:42
century, Russia was already far away, let’s say, it had stepped00:04:45
forward by that moment, well, how the synod was far away,00:04:49
it was the official religion, the religion00:04:53
was then I was not separated from the state,00:04:55
it was like two wings of the official00:04:58
power, secular power, spiritual power, so there00:05:01
is nothing surprising in this, well,00:05:04
let’s still move on to the 1970s,00:05:07
when, due to the fact that Russia was going the00:05:11
famous00:05:15
sections of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were expanding to the west, by the way, in00:05:18
my opinion, we mentioned them when we talked00:05:20
about Poland, at least we should have00:05:23
mentioned how it is known that Jewish diasporas lived on the territory of00:05:26
Poland for00:05:27
quite a long time. It’s00:05:30
correct to say00:05:32
because when we talk about Jews00:05:35
why were they different from others00:05:38
the population of medieval Europe, no matter00:05:40
what country they lived in, they differed in00:05:42
one religion because on the territory of00:05:45
Europe during the Middle Ages00:05:48
until the Reformation,00:05:51
only two religions were allowed:00:05:53
Catholicism, I’m not talking about the00:05:55
Orthodox group, although in the Orthodox there00:05:57
was something similar, Catholicism was00:06:00
allowed and Judaism, the Jews lived in00:06:03
special ghettos, the Jews00:06:07
most often had to separate themselves from others with00:06:09
special clothing, but by the way,00:06:12
it should be noted that get the was paved with00:06:16
walls on both sides, that is, on one00:06:18
side, good Catholics, good00:06:21
Protestants, good Orthodox Christians did not00:06:23
want to know anything in common with the Jews but00:06:27
also in Jewish communication, various00:06:31
Jewish figures, theologians, they00:06:36
also advocated that the Jews should00:06:38
preserve their purity, they should not00:06:42
mix even culturally with the00:06:44
population among which they live, and00:06:47
just remember the story of the00:06:49
great Dutch philosopher Benedict00:06:53
Baruch Spinoza, who broke from the00:06:55
Jewish community because he wanted to00:06:57
study, he wanted to learn philosophy,00:06:59
mathematics, geometry and achieved a00:07:02
truly outstanding figure in this, became00:07:05
one of the greatest philosophers of the 17th00:07:08
century, he was kicked out of the community and even00:07:11
one Jewish fanatic stabbed him with a knife00:07:13
on the streets of Amsterdam,00:07:15
that is and this also happened, but the Jews00:07:19
spread throughout Europe because the00:07:22
Jews00:07:24
owned certain crafts, the Jews00:07:27
were allowed to engage in usury very often,00:07:30
but as we know, they regularly organized00:07:33
pogroms against the Jews in Europe, and for00:07:35
example, when the00:07:39
first crusade took place, the first victims00:07:42
were naturally the Jews whom00:07:44
they began to simply slaughter, burn, and so on00:07:47
along the way of these crusading armies,00:07:49
especially when it comes to the00:07:52
crusade, poor you, the so-called one, which00:07:55
was subsequently00:07:56
destroyed by the Saracens and Turks,00:07:59
Jews were regularly expelled from one or another00:08:02
European country, that is, when necessary,00:08:04
kings, kings invited them when necessary they were00:08:07
expelled, therefore they did not have00:08:11
such a permanent home anywhere, they were always00:08:14
persecuted and it was you who crossed the00:08:16
truly special character of the00:08:18
Jews until the 18th century, when a00:08:21
movement arose among educated Jews00:08:25
which, translated into our language, will be00:08:27
called the movement of enlightenment,00:08:29
mainly it arose in countries00:08:31
naturally such as Austria, partly00:08:34
Poland, educated Jews said00:08:37
the following: that you need to move away from Judaism,00:08:39
that you need to engage in secular sciences,00:08:42
crafts,00:08:43
philosophy of culture, art, and if for00:08:47
this you need to reluctantly accept00:08:51
Christianity, well, that’s what you need to do, a00:08:53
huge number of Jews actually00:08:55
accept Christianity, well, just00:08:57
remember the father of Marx it is enough00:09:01
to recall the family of the great German00:09:04
writer and poet Heinrich Heine and a00:09:07
huge number of other Jews00:09:09
who greatly distinguished themselves in science and00:09:12
art, enriched the science and art of00:09:14
Germany and Austria, and so on, but in Russia,00:09:18
as I say, in the 18th century after the divisions of the00:09:22
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which ended, as you00:09:25
remember, in In 1795, two categories of00:09:29
Jews entered: on the one hand, Jews00:09:31
who lived on the territory of Poland entered, and00:09:34
on the other hand, when the00:09:36
Krymchaks and Karaites annexed Crimea, they00:09:39
considered non-Jews, well, it’s complex, which00:09:41
we won’t go into details now;00:09:43
these are Jews, that is, they profess Judaism00:09:46
and00:09:47
in fact, the Jews who lived in00:09:51
Poland, due to their certain00:09:54
condition, very often were, well, frankly00:09:58
speaking, capitalists, or about that00:10:00
capitalists, you can go into more detail here,00:10:02
well, and because00:10:04
imagine the wave when the Polish kings00:10:07
invited Jews and below them they were invited00:10:09
as the following people finance in trade00:10:13
in the banking sector and very often there00:10:17
were many nobles who did00:10:19
n’t want to do farming, so they00:10:23
were put in certain areas,00:10:24
for example, and Jews often rented00:10:27
agricultural land and set up some kind of00:10:30
industrial production there,00:10:32
if we talk about the 18th century, they sometimes00:10:36
they created their own villages,00:10:38
for example, around some00:10:40
industrial center and manufacturing center,00:10:42
they were engaged in the same way as00:10:45
the rest of Europe, in lending, that is,00:10:47
in usury, and they traded very well00:10:50
because, for example, in Krakow, in00:10:54
Poland there was,00:10:57
frankly speaking, a Jewish monopoly in, for example, the00:11:00
production and repair of clothing for example,00:11:03
which of course caused certain00:11:06
attitudes among the same Poles, so00:11:09
a stereotype arose that Jews are always greedy00:11:13
people, there is even a famous Krakow00:11:15
joke, now I’ll try to ask how to00:11:18
make copper wire from a copper coin, how00:11:20
would you do it, I can’t00:11:23
imagine you need to throw it between two00:11:26
Jews,00:11:28
roughly speaking it was in Krakow that00:11:30
a Pole told such an anecdote at one00:11:32
time, it was very funny and this is the nickname dot,00:11:35
as the Pole claimed, he goes back to at least the00:11:38
18th century. By the way, at the end of the 18th century,00:11:43
Jews in Poland made up00:11:47
various figures there; well, imagine from00:11:50
14 to 20 percent of the population and also a00:11:53
huge number, considering very00:11:56
seriously, this is no longer even a national00:11:58
minority; I would even say that it’s a00:12:01
separate nationality, and of course,00:12:03
taking into account that by the way, Poland, these00:12:05
were also not Poles in the majority, there00:12:07
were also Belarusians and Litvinians and Ukrainians, and00:12:11
so on and so forth so, despite the fact00:12:14
that they made up even 1400:12:16
percent of the population, for example, they00:12:19
controlled 75 percent of foreign00:12:22
Polish trade because they had00:12:25
connections with Jewish trade00:12:26
missions in other countries and it00:12:29
was profitable, for example, for some00:12:31
Polish or Ukrainian merchant to00:12:35
reluctantly trade with the help Jews00:12:37
so that they, for example, transport his goods00:12:39
so that they put in a good word in front of00:12:42
some Jewish merchants00:12:43
gameplay in Hamburg and so on, what about00:12:46
Taras Bulba with his Jewish pogroms why would00:12:49
they be stabbed to death for what but for what the00:12:53
point is that it was widespread in Poland00:12:56
just the predominance of00:13:03
Jews in the wine trade and distillation because00:13:06
there is a very important point here, look at the00:13:08
situation, the Polish nobles had land00:13:12
before they wanted to get more money from their pops,00:13:16
and there is also a Polish00:13:20
saying that a pop is like a bug, it00:13:23
lives on itself, that is roughly speaking, he’s00:13:26
about to shrink, he’ll tell his master’s00:13:29
hat that he has nothing and is simply00:13:32
keeping the extra penny for himself, and there’s00:13:35
no way to shake that penny out of him, so they came up with a00:13:44
nobleman’s place;00:13:47
the townspeople came to drink00:13:51
vodka wine, but we’re talking about00:13:56
Ukrainian territory, or by the way, in the canard of00:13:59
the word vodka is a Polish word, by the00:14:01
way, and thus we can say they got the00:14:05
population drunk, well, because they00:14:08
sold alcohol and00:14:10
naturally paid a certain00:14:14
percentage of it to the gentry, well, of course, who should be00:14:16
beaten Naturally, not the nobleman who00:14:18
allowed it, but the Jewish tenant, and it is00:14:21
also safer because the nobleman00:14:24
can answer and the Jews are unlikely, but00:14:29
this is a Polish inheritance, by the way, the battle for the00:14:31
Polish inheritance, this is the Polish00:14:33
inheritance, Catherine the Second, who00:14:37
initially, by the way,00:14:41
looked at the Jews very well because that she was00:14:43
an empress, it wasn’t stupid to understand that00:14:45
the state was getting rich primarily00:14:47
thanks to00:14:48
the cities, and so she00:14:52
included the Jews in the decree of 1780 to00:14:56
one of the urban classes, moreover, the00:14:58
merchant or petty bourgeois, according to their00:15:01
position, imagine that is, there are00:15:03
peasants mostly serfs, but00:15:06
naturally, of course, there are Jews00:15:10
who are, as it were,00:15:12
superior to the serf, so by the way, if00:15:14
you remember, Vladimir Zayets and I have00:15:16
repeatedly said in programs about the00:15:19
Russian civil war that, in00:15:21
fact, the Russian peasant was more00:15:24
powerless in the 19th century than the Jew because00:15:27
he belonged to to the most oppressed00:15:30
class and the urban classes, the00:15:32
same philistines and merchants, they seemed00:15:35
to have broad rights and privileges, and it was00:15:38
precisely the city situation,00:15:40
for example, in Moscow, that provided the purchase of a stock with00:15:42
huge privileges, and without religion, and the00:15:45
first Jews appeared in Moscow to00:15:49
try on the same In 1790, for example, there were00:15:52
three Jewish merchants of the first guild, in general the00:15:54
highest merchant status is understandable,00:15:58
but this is despite the fact that00:16:00
only 49 Jewish men lived in Moscow at that time, which already00:16:04
says a lot: they really knew how to00:16:06
trade, they really knew how to00:16:08
earn money, but it’s understandable if we talk00:16:12
about those who made their way to the top the00:16:15
state treated them more, let’s say,00:16:18
condescendingly, but the rest of the Jewish00:16:21
population gradually became, frankly speaking, rejected in the eyes of the authorities,00:16:28
and it must be said that during the War of00:16:30
1812, Jews in general provided assistance00:16:34
mainly to the Russian army, which is interesting about00:16:38
my case when they helped Napoleon, but00:16:42
in general Napoleon had its own policy regarding the00:16:45
attitude of Jews in Europe, by the way, he was00:16:47
not at all an anti-Semite, he believed that00:16:50
these were the same citizens of France as everyone00:16:53
else, that they simply had to00:16:56
follow the Napoleonic code, everything would be00:16:58
fine, of course, they were like that in Varna,00:17:00
mostly of course Napoleon in his campaign against00:17:03
Russia in 1812 year, he00:17:06
mainly relied unconditionally on the Poles00:17:09
on such00:17:11
Litvins as for example Bulgarin, the same00:17:14
one who helped him, the same00:17:16
Bulgarin who put00:17:19
Pushkin’s staff on his father later, but we know the main thing,00:17:23
maybe yes, I may now00:17:26
say something rude, but Napoleon’s main mistake was00:17:28
that that he did not rely on the00:17:31
majority of the Russian population in this00:17:33
war, namely on the peasantry, but I00:17:36
just wanted to say that if00:17:38
he did00:17:41
grant the Sultan that very freedom, before00:17:44
this serfdom would have been removed,00:17:47
you would not have simply granted00:17:49
distributed a manifesto to the land, by the way,00:17:52
the land, and even just a manifesto about freedom,00:17:56
and the00:17:57
Peasant War of 1912 is a well-known00:18:00
fact, it was fought not only against the00:18:03
French as looters and robbers, well00:18:06
then the armies, we know how they got00:18:08
everything they needed, not only for the French00:18:11
army, but in general, that is, look at the00:18:13
map it was carried out far beyond the borders of those00:18:17
provinces where even there some separate00:18:20
French patrols appeared, that is, it is00:18:22
far beyond clear who it was carried out against the00:18:24
peasants and over 1612 what00:18:29
the peasants wanted, what they wanted to take advantage of, but we rejected the side, that00:18:31
is, paradoxically, the Jews had more00:18:34
rights than the Russians peasants, of course,00:18:38
official propaganda constantly00:18:41
poked at this and00:18:42
supported rumors, for example, in00:18:46
1844, the bodies of00:18:49
Jewish communal self-government were dissolved, they00:18:51
were called kogalym, they were dissolved, but00:18:55
until the beginning of the 20th century,00:18:59
such an opinion was directly spread, almost in the00:19:01
official press,00:19:04
that these corals were preserved to the head they want to00:19:08
seize power in Russia through a conspiracy, and00:19:11
by the way, these rumors later influenced the00:19:14
creation of the famous fake, which00:19:17
we know as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion,00:19:20
because there are many theses that are directly00:19:23
reproduced in this very00:19:26
fake, but let’s go to official00:19:29
politics, so here’s Catherine as we know00:19:32
her there was a smart woman and when she always00:19:36
gave something to someone with one hand, she00:19:38
always took it away with the other hand, we00:19:40
remember very well, and so she gave the00:19:42
Jews the opportunity to settle in cities00:19:45
to engage in trade, did not make them00:19:47
serfs, but00:19:50
the queen could still, but she determined for them the territory00:19:54
where they are allowed to live and you understand that00:19:57
we are talking about the so-called00:19:59
Jewish Pale of Settlement, hunger is not exactly what we are00:20:02
talking about,00:20:04
look on the one hand to the Jews on the00:20:08
Jews darude some kind of freedom on the other00:20:10
hand they limit their movement in00:20:12
business and they are still second-00:20:16
class citizens because they are Jews, they are00:20:18
Orthodox, and for example, in00:20:21
relation to many Muslim00:20:23
peoples, for a very long time, as you know,00:20:25
the principle was in effect, for example, that they were00:20:28
not taken into the army, they were free from00:20:30
military service, but under00:20:34
Nicholas, I’m not mistaken, the Jews began to be taken into the army, and00:20:37
sometimes they were taken here are the scary,00:20:42
scary parts where, for example,00:20:45
some Jewish00:20:47
believing Jews were forced to00:20:49
renounce their faith before converting to00:20:52
Orthodoxy; there were several cases00:20:54
recorded when Jewish recruits00:20:58
were locked in a bathhouse and kept until00:21:01
they agreed to come out and imagine00:21:05
how hot it is there and to renounce their00:21:08
religions and some of these Jews00:21:11
chose to die, they betrayed their faith, this00:21:14
was by the way, in00:21:16
1827 a law was issued by Nicholas00:21:19
the first, imagine and the Jews00:21:23
were taken into the Russian registry for 12 years,00:21:26
from the age of twelve they were sent to the army in the00:21:29
so-called cantonist battalions, are00:21:32
n’t they too they were young, but00:21:35
no one cared about it, I remember the past and the00:21:38
thoughts in Herzen’s work, which is the00:21:42
first part, which is dedicated to Russia, he00:21:45
actually gives a heart-warming story00:21:47
here without any external details, as00:21:51
he saw how in late autumn the end of November00:21:54
these several dozen cantonists of00:21:57
Jewish years 12 and 14 in summer sur00:22:03
points they are transported somewhere along the already00:22:07
icy roads and they are all coughing and it00:22:09
is clear that not everyone will get to the next point I won’t00:22:13
warm up and the hertz is00:22:16
just burning I couldn’t00:22:18
look at this picture without tears, that is,00:22:20
like this it was a humiliation, and for00:22:23
example, under Alexander, you also00:22:25
see such a policy; under00:22:27
Alexander, for example, it was forbidden to00:22:29
initiate cases of ritual murders, and00:22:31
this was a very common00:22:33
accusation of the Jews of the Jews, excuse me at all00:22:36
times, that they ritually kill00:22:39
children, as a rule, supposedly this is the so-00:22:42
called bloody issue libel for the most00:22:44
famous blood libel in Europe is the00:22:47
murder of a00:22:48
Norwegian boy, this is a murder in the 15th00:22:53
century in Trento, that is, when they both simply00:22:56
killed some child and the case was hung00:22:59
on the law, the same processes took place at the00:23:02
end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth00:23:03
century in Russia, by the way everything00:23:06
appeared00:23:07
we were forbidden, for example, to wear00:23:10
some kind of clothes that somehow00:23:12
distinguished them from others, for example, again,00:23:16
under Nicholas the first Jewish00:23:18
people were forbidden to shave their heads because they were00:23:21
very Jewish believers, they shaved their heads,00:23:24
wore wigs, and Jews were forbidden to00:23:27
wear upesya just like that, kippahs00:23:31
could only be worn in synagogues, and this is00:23:33
their religious form of clothing, and so00:23:37
on, that is, the00:23:39
Jews00:23:41
were really singled out, especially singled out, and00:23:44
really no one removed the Pale of Settlement.00:23:46
Only under Alexander II, the00:23:49
recruitment of 10000:23:51
Jewish children in the canton was stopped. to the feet, a certain00:23:54
relaxation and let gradually00:23:57
gradually00:23:59
this question of the Pale of Settlement, well,00:24:03
became debatable because00:24:06
not only the Jews needed him, he was a man of00:24:09
Russian industry of Russian trade,00:24:11
but then look, oops again, when we00:24:15
talk about00:24:16
religious intolerance towards00:24:19
Jews by Jews again, it was there and00:24:22
back there were cases when those Jews00:24:26
who left the religious00:24:29
community simply left the religious community and they00:24:32
could have been killed, and there is a famous painting by00:24:34
Nikolai Pimonenko, a victim of fanaticism, it is00:24:38
dedicated to the murder of the Jewish00:24:42
community to a Jewish girl who00:24:44
fell in love with a Christian young man, most00:24:48
likely Ukrainians or Russian, that instead of00:24:50
the action of the Pale of Settlement, maybe a Belarusian00:24:53
and a crowd of Jews wants to tear to pieces, that is, this00:24:56
happened and in general this is00:24:59
some kind of permanent cruelty, I00:25:02
expressed it, but this is fanaticism in response to00:25:05
fanaticism, and well, as in response, it is00:25:07
not clear what was the first I repeat, in00:25:11
Jewish society in Russia and in general00:25:13
in the world there have always been two main ones, as if00:25:17
the direction was the direction it was00:25:21
always very small because it00:25:23
was almost impossible to do this00:25:25
in all eras, the police were assigned to the police, well, that is,00:25:29
roughly speaking, Jews live in some00:25:31
country they are citizens of this00:25:33
country, they do not forget that they are Jews, but00:25:37
they are first of all German citizens00:25:39
or Russian citizens or French00:25:41
citizens and do everything for their country00:25:44
by the way, let’s not forget at the end of the 19th century00:25:47
maybe you heard was the00:25:48
Dreyfus trial maybe heard00:25:51
in didn’t hear no Well, in general, I00:25:53
’ll briefly tell you that Dreyfus was a Jew and the officers of the00:25:57
French army and he was accused of being a00:26:00
spy for the Prussians, the Germans were00:26:04
more expensive and trials took place and00:26:07
the main proof was00:26:10
that he was a Jew, then they found out that the00:26:12
traitors were a purebred Frenchman, that00:26:15
Dreyfus was innocent and by the way, the00:26:18
Dreyfus affair caused a lively response not only00:26:20
in France, for example, Emile Zola came out00:26:23
with his famous article “I was”, he00:26:27
actually caused a split in the Russian00:26:29
intelligentsia, which was directly00:26:32
divided into Dreyfus raw by those who00:26:34
said that the main thing is not a00:26:36
person’s nationality, his personal00:26:38
qualities and Dreyfus and the anti-tariff of00:26:41
Sarah, in which, on the contrary, they said00:26:43
that the Jew would simply come here, he was a00:26:46
stranger, he was the enemy, and so on, such anti-Semitism was just the00:26:48
same, and so the00:26:51
Jewish community itself had those who advocated00:26:54
cultural assimilation, those who, on the contrary, kept00:26:56
saying that one must live a separate00:26:59
community and at the end of the 19th century00:27:01
three more of these movements appeared, everyone knows it under the00:27:04
name Zionism, that Jews should00:27:07
create their own state,00:27:09
preferably in Palestine, but maybe somewhere00:27:12
else, but basically, of course, in Palestine00:27:14
this was the main moment, but how do you understand00:27:16
this is also a movement that emphasized the00:27:19
exclusivity of the Jews and00:27:21
emphasized their00:27:23
separation from the other, such00:27:26
was the complex situation at the very beginning of the00:27:30
19th century, and look what’s00:27:34
interesting about the Narodnaya Volya who killed00:27:37
Alexander 2 on March 1, 1881, among them there00:27:41
was a certain percentage of Jews, but why00:27:44
because Jews Compared to the00:27:47
rest of the peasant population, they were better00:27:49
educated and they had more00:27:51
opportunities to get an education, and so00:27:53
on, so when the assassination of00:27:55
Alexander II happened, imagine pogroms in 16600:27:59
settlements in Russia,00:28:02
show what a surprise, well,00:28:05
you know, here’s one pogrom up to 2, also understandable00:28:09
3 a when 166 it seems to me that this is not00:28:13
who are saying that it’s just that the authorities did00:28:15
n’t follow up, but to me what the authorities00:28:17
organized this, but I think that this00:28:19
was most likely a planned action;00:28:21
however, there are modern studies00:28:24
that say that the Russian authorities00:28:27
then were responsible because00:28:29
that there are no clear circulars and so on,00:28:32
well, at least the authorities did00:28:35
not interfere with this in any way, and since about the00:28:39
80s, these Jewish pogroms they00:28:42
really became a given, very often they00:28:46
were just at the end of the 19th century, a00:28:48
new tightening occurs, although00:28:51
you remember 1 and the wife with the was Jewish,00:28:54
that is, as it was said, Goering00:28:57
said who once the Jews decide, although with00:29:01
the we have such a liberal,00:29:02
nevertheless, basically, of course, the Jews00:29:05
continued to be really pressed,00:29:07
for example, under Alexander the Third, a00:29:10
special circular was issued that in the00:29:13
Pale of Settlement that is, imagine a00:29:15
lot of Jews, only ten00:29:18
percent of the quota for Jewish students, and for00:29:22
me the features are 5 in the capital, 3 percent and no00:29:26
more, that’s brilliant, but that is,00:29:28
strictly speaking, we will not allow them00:29:30
to develop in any way, but they are still00:29:33
developing, but for example in in the early00:29:35
90s, more than twenty00:29:37
thousand Jews were evicted from Moscow, and by the way,00:29:40
by the way, it was under Alexander00:29:44
the Third that00:29:45
the tightening of such state00:29:47
anti-Semitism led00:29:50
to the fact that among the Jews, who by the00:29:53
way, there is also a myth such that, for00:29:55
example, the populist movement is all00:29:57
there were Jews, but you have a count of Haber,00:30:01
such American researchers, he00:30:04
counted with on the basis of a very00:30:05
careful scrupulous count of00:30:08
archival sources, there were only 4500:30:11
percent of all revolutionaries, which00:30:14
approximately coincides with the number of Jews00:30:16
in the Russian Empire, well, approximately00:30:21
Katyusha approximately, but by the00:30:24
end of 80 's and the share of Jews00:30:27
among the revolutionaries was 35 to 4000:30:30
percent, I wonder why you are forbidden to00:30:33
study, you are kept in the Pale of Settlement, you are00:30:37
evicted from Moscow, where you have already lived,00:30:39
maybe for more than one generation,00:30:40
and why you are indignant00:30:42
is unclear and the Jews will go to different00:30:45
organizations, including socialist ones00:30:48
they create, for example, their own organization, the00:30:52
rebellion of the general Jewish workers' union,00:30:55
know in what year it was created in00:30:59
1897, but it is towards the end of this00:31:02
year, I will not give the exact date 1897, by00:31:05
the way, this revolt next year00:31:08
includes the composition and size of n as an00:31:10
autonomous organization then there is, and that00:31:12
is, this right of nations to self-determination will00:31:14
even amount to RSD r.p. but do you remember there00:31:18
were Polish sections there were texts on00:31:21
other regions, it’s all wonderful and not a00:31:23
leg up in weight, and let’s remember up to the side00:31:26
it stood out right from the separate one, so let’s say he was a00:31:30
count in the party, yes yes, but besides00:31:34
the Bund, which was still a00:31:37
socialist organization, even though it00:31:39
was Jewish and quite a Zionist00:31:42
movement, for example, there was such a movement as00:31:45
Huawei Zion, they were called in the jargon00:31:49
Palestine Phil and well, which they directly00:31:51
said that you need to go to Palestine and00:31:54
went to Palestine, remember my dad was a00:31:56
Turkish citizen, I explained that one of the00:32:00
explanations is that he simply emigrated to00:32:03
Palestine is one of the versions the second00:32:06
version is that in order not to serve in the army he00:32:08
became a subject of the Turkish state00:32:10
so that he would not be taken into the army, the other is00:32:13
that he wanted to go to Palestine00:32:15
just because he was a Jew and, in principle,00:32:19
this is the restriction of the Jews that00:32:22
the state did she did this so00:32:24
that the Jews would remain in the very00:32:26
devils acer a hundred the very coat of arms then but look00:32:29
again, Catherine laid down and00:32:32
even grew at the end of the 19th century Jews00:32:35
made up more than 50 percent of the urban00:32:40
population of Lithuania and Belarus,00:32:43
imagine 30 percent of the urban population00:32:46
Ukraine, remember, we talked to you and00:32:49
when we talked to you about the civil00:32:52
war in Ukraine and when we Sophie Kulak00:32:56
dismantled the White Guard, this is the question of00:32:59
this attitude of00:33:00
Ukrainians towards Jews, where are Jews00:33:04
educated from? Jews live in cities; Jews are00:33:06
engaged in crafts; Jews, in principle,00:33:09
earn better; in principle, they can do00:33:11
better to live if it weren’t for those very00:33:12
state restrictions, but at the same time,00:33:16
despite the fact that the Jewish community00:33:19
kept the Jews, that they should live00:33:21
exclusively in the interests of religion, they00:33:24
should live exclusively on issues of00:33:27
Judaism, maintaining their00:33:29
exclusivity, at the end of the 19th century,00:33:34
about 25 percent of00:33:36
people of the Jewish faith already spoke Russian00:33:39
that is, they began to assimilate00:33:42
culturally, cases when00:33:44
mixed marriages arose became more frequent, and it is clear00:33:48
that in such a situation, that is, Jews go00:33:51
into politics, the00:33:52
Jew assimilates, something had to be00:33:55
done, and again00:33:57
pogroms suddenly appeared in00:34:00
1903, a pogrom occurred in Chisinau00:34:03
when it was torn to pieces by a crowd 49 man,00:34:07
by the way, in the same year, in my opinion,00:34:10
10 days after this pogrom,00:34:14
Nicholas II approved that Jews can00:34:19
live in 100 one village in the Pale00:34:22
of Settlement,00:34:23
this so-called shtetl, that is,00:34:27
this rough Jews can also00:34:28
live in the countryside, but it was it is forbidden00:34:31
to purchase real estate in rural00:34:32
areas, that is, live00:34:35
but don’t buy a house, but that’s generally how it is, that is,00:34:38
you can become a farm laborer there,00:34:41
let’s say, yes you can, somehow, I don’t know, I don’t00:34:45
even imagine any option00:34:48
how you can still live, work for yours, for00:34:51
foolishness, for them two and by the way00:34:53
some of the Jews of Vasily the whole city from00:34:56
the cities and the Jews for example but were engaged in00:34:59
crafts they were in the countryside00:35:01
talking about feeding and therefore they very00:35:03
often00:35:04
went to the city every day spending00:35:07
huge money on trains you know it is00:35:10
known not a Jewish melody 740 well of00:35:14
course the bran knows and00:35:17
even the Russians like to play there with dust, they like00:35:19
to dance, but in fact, according to one of the00:35:22
versions, it says that all 40 of them are leaving the00:35:24
last train from the city, the Jews must00:35:27
catch it, so the melody will quickly00:35:29
come running to this train because if00:35:31
they stay they will definitely be swept into00:35:34
prison and there will be a certain problem,00:35:36
by the way, if you, like the claws of a Jew,00:35:39
like to talk, and if you think00:35:42
that the Jews will sit and watch,00:35:44
no, when already in September,00:35:47
3 years ahead, there was a pogrom in the00:35:49
world, the Jews organized00:35:52
self-defense units and began to simply00:35:54
shoot the pogromists, interesting00:35:57
houses, but that is, let’s say this is the00:35:59
birth of a certain military00:36:01
organization, by the way, in these00:36:05
certain detachments and sharply self-defense00:36:08
already in the revolution which we are now00:36:10
approaching in00:36:11
1905 for the first time about this is none other than00:36:15
Misha the [ __ ], the same one who is not the one in the00:36:19
film about Bender but in reality but we are waiting, in the00:36:23
end, as part of the project on the history of the00:36:26
civil war from our series of faces of the00:36:30
civil war, analysis I will mix a barrel00:36:33
from you on land you must definitely get to it00:36:36
and so00:36:39
1904 the Russian-Japanese war the Jews are00:36:43
oppressed but the Jew is driven to the front00:36:45
by the way to museums what is it called center00:36:50
center of tolerance in Moscow Jewish00:36:53
center of tolerance there is a collection of00:36:56
posters that the Jews themselves00:36:58
distributed during this period, they just00:37:01
tell how Russian comrades are00:37:03
very popular plot Russian soldiers00:37:05
come to a Jewish widow and say that00:37:08
her husband died in the Russo-Japanese War00:37:11
because were very popular and paws, and00:37:15
Jews are drafted into the army, 30,00000:37:18
participate in battles, imagine 30,000 of00:37:22
them, I was awarded,00:37:24
but again this did not lead to any00:37:28
consequences, the00:37:30
Jews still had pogroms,00:37:34
persecution, and so on, so it is not surprising00:37:36
that00:37:37
in the period from00:37:40
1881 to00:37:42
1914, as a result of this huge00:37:47
movement of anti-Semitism, oppression,00:37:49
imagine00:37:51
1 million00:37:55
980 thousand Jews left the Russian Empire, almost 2 million00:37:58
seriously, and what I would say are the services, and00:38:01
if such you think that they00:38:04
went to Palestine, then no, about 7800:38:07
percent of them went somewhere else- something,00:38:10
and this is for a second, introduce yourself, one and a half00:38:13
million went to the USA, and it directly00:38:16
said that the USA started immigration00:38:19
because of the pogroms, this is just the00:38:22
turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and this is how a00:38:26
very serious diaspora of Jews appeared, which00:38:31
gave America a lot of things,00:38:34
for example, it gave metal, the Jewish mafia,00:38:36
for example, and for example, she gave it, well, for00:38:40
example, you know such a popular women's00:38:43
cosmetics max factor Noboa, of course,00:38:46
was founded by Jews, a native of Ukraine,00:38:48
a huge number of Jewish musicians00:38:52
even have this opinion, I’ll be honest, I’m00:38:55
not an expert, but I heard the version00:38:58
that00:38:59
jazz originated, as we know, from and00:39:01
black blues and Jewish00:39:04
arrangements, by the way, at least00:39:07
Mark Bernes in a room with Yevgeny00:39:11
Petrosyan for a second, in my00:39:14
60s, explained to Petrosyan that jazz00:39:17
was born in Odessa, by the way, and it was00:39:19
from Odessa that these migrants were taken00:39:22
abroad, but now we are moving on By the00:39:25
revolution of 905, which broke out, the Jews,00:39:29
of course, played a significant role in it,00:39:32
they joined various opposition00:39:36
organizations, of course, no, of course you had00:39:40
various crosses that disowned00:39:42
everything Jewish, which you even remember00:39:45
the names of, I named the people who founded the00:39:49
Union of St. Michael the Archangel, remember,00:39:52
yes yes yes this teaches they turned out to be00:39:55
Jewish, maybe German, but00:39:59
that may be understandable, but why did00:40:02
they still join the00:40:03
opposition movement? Well, I00:40:05
must say that we need to look at the00:40:08
social structure of the Jews.00:40:11
15 percent of the Jews were workers, 1000:40:15
percent were employees, only two percent of the00:40:17
Jewish population were peasants.00:40:20
Christianity played a minimal00:40:23
role and00:40:24
approximately 35 percent of Jews were engaged in00:40:28
commercial activities or were in the00:40:31
service sector,00:40:32
that is, for example, they could travel around00:40:35
the country and, for example, deliver leaflets,00:40:37
it’s understandable, but there are two parties where00:40:43
Jews set foot in really large numbers, well,00:40:45
you can guess some of the most00:40:47
famous opposition parties still,00:40:50
which had developed before the revolution, discord would have been00:40:53
natural, and the00:40:55
Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, the new ones, are being reduced, a shame, and00:40:59
back then they were not Leumi, yes,00:41:02
by the way, what’s interesting when00:41:05
they say that all the Bolsheviks are Jews00:41:07
is to say that among the Mensheviks there00:41:10
were more Jews than among the Bolsheviks,00:41:13
at least the founders of the party the00:41:15
Mensheviks00:41:16
in refraction at that time in March, the00:41:19
excel file and the mouth were Jews in particular, well, yes,00:41:23
I’ll still move on and finally, of00:41:25
course, we talked for a long time, so we had to00:41:27
tell the revolution itself in 905 907,00:41:30
by the way, I remembered this Jewish00:41:33
tolerance center there I I heard a very00:41:37
interesting phrase,00:41:39
it sounded something like this: the revolution in00:41:42
Russia,00:41:43
well, this means both the 1st and the00:41:46
revolutions of '17, and the February and00:41:48
October revolutions of '10, how00:41:51
it was before the00:41:52
revolution in Russia, it00:41:53
was not done against the Jews, but not for the00:41:57
Jews, and00:41:58
it directly says why because before the00:42:02
Jews received social elevators, by the way,00:42:04
there is, in principle, a rather interesting00:42:07
explanation of why I generally agree,00:42:09
why after the revolution Jews began00:42:13
to occupy various positions,00:42:16
began to play an active role in00:42:18
industry, production, and in the00:42:20
management of the special services and in the army, and so00:42:23
on, and I’ll put everything very simply I00:42:25
said that the percentage of educated00:42:27
Jews was very high to a fault, and00:42:30
a large number of00:42:32
immigrants, these specialists,00:42:34
left Russia and the topic was to replace them00:42:37
here now with00:42:38
energetic Jews, this is like an explanation,00:42:41
but on the other hand, this center00:42:43
says the following: this is the same00:42:45
revolution that was carried out godless00:42:48
Bolsheviks and lower on Judaism00:42:51
they would have struck with a chisel by the way on Jewish00:42:54
exclusivity because the Bolsheviks00:42:57
they were for the right of nations to00:42:59
self-determination00:43:00
but not a single Bolshevik would say00:43:03
that one nation is higher than another this is00:43:06
idiocy from the point of view of the Bolshevik00:43:09
doctrine and a crime but if00:43:11
we remember the most basic and important thing is that there are00:43:14
two classes of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie,00:43:18
which clashed, are, in general,00:43:22
antagonists, and everything else is on us,00:43:26
but that is, the nations, and everything else is00:43:29
just on us, but there is criticism00:43:33
of religion and the religion of nature, religion is00:43:36
generally the opium for people, no, well, you00:43:39
’ve got too much here now, it’s not for us, but00:43:41
religion is also included in the setting, it’s00:43:43
the most important part of it, and just in the00:43:48
conditions of the new society, the old00:43:50
institution of religion from the social institution of00:43:53
religion to the soloist no longer needs them, they00:43:57
will slow down, so it’s understandable and00:43:59
the relations of the Bolsheviks where and zmu as well00:44:02
as the glory of Buddhism, Islam,00:44:05
Protestantism, Catholicism, and so on,00:44:08
shamanism, and so on, they fell there, but00:44:10
pay attention, they did not speak out00:44:13
one hundred percent for the nonsense of religion, in no00:44:17
case was freedom of religion and00:44:20
[music]00:44:22
the opportunity to promote00:44:24
atheism, that’s what they were pursuing, strictly00:44:28
speaking the Bolsheviks are absolutely right, well,00:44:31
now let’s talk about that, but from all of00:44:33
them they were all Jews, all these00:44:35
Jewish students, and00:44:37
let’s give the numbers, how many00:44:41
were prosecuted for political00:44:44
crimes00:44:45
before the revolution, 901,900 in the third year,00:44:48
Jews and00:44:50
29 percent were prosecuted for00:44:54
political crimes with 1903 to00:44:58
November 1904 there was already 53 percent, but00:45:04
we remember there was the Kishinev pogrom and the00:45:08
Gomel pogrom, remember,00:45:10
surprisingly suddenly, after the pogroms, the00:45:13
Jews even began to organize themselves in00:45:16
the year nine hundred and five, by the way, and00:45:19
by the way, it’s interesting, look00:45:22
903 904 53 percent in political00:45:25
affairs, the Jews were so and in nine hundred and fifth00:45:29
guess how many more than 50 34 percent 3400:45:34
by the way in00:45:37
1892 to 1902 such a calm and00:45:42
swamp decade such a decade00:45:44
Jews for example made up 23 percent of the00:45:48
Social Democrats who were attracted here by00:45:50
knowledge and for00:45:51
example 69 percent of whom when the00:45:55
Social Democrats were attracted by knowledge were00:45:57
Russians in third place Poles 1600:46:00
percent suddenly Poles again, yes, just like that, well,00:46:04
that is, it is clear that there00:46:08
was not a great great number of Jews here, but one00:46:11
could always say that they were the00:46:13
majority, well, for example, and00:46:17
by the way, the Jews even had it even00:46:20
easier to go their own organizations,00:46:22
for example, imagine the riot in the summer of00:46:27
1904, it had 23 thousand members00:46:29
at the end of 907, 34,000, and for comparison, for00:46:35
example, the00:46:37
Social Democratic Labor Party,00:46:38
including the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks,00:46:40
had 8,400 members versus 34,00:46:45
so you can say that the00:46:47
Social Democrats joined the riot,00:46:50
they joined on the contrary 15 percent of00:46:52
the Socialist-Revolutionaries were Jews,00:46:54
but by the way, among, for example, the00:46:57
Socialist-Revolutionary Maximalists, there were 19 percent of00:46:59
Jews, but again, 76 percent were00:47:03
Russian Ukrainians, but the question is why are00:47:05
there Jews everywhere, and where00:47:12
from? for example, at the fifth00:47:14
congress of the rest rp in00:47:16
1907, it was held in London, three00:47:19
delegates were Jews, but how can00:47:22
you explain this?00:47:33
they were sent by workers and00:47:37
workers very often sent this or00:47:40
that person for his business00:47:42
intellectual even, first of all,00:47:44
quality, that’s where there are so many of them00:47:47
in management, but as you see, for00:47:50
example, among the Jews there were00:47:53
more Mensheviks than Bolsheviks, and00:47:56
by the way, in 1917, Semyon Dubnov on00:48:00
who was very much referred to in this center00:48:02
is referred to in this center of tolerance, he00:48:05
directly says that this is also in relation to the00:48:09
Jewish conservative conservative00:48:12
layer, he directly says from our midst00:48:15
several demagogues came out who00:48:17
joined the hero of the street, the prophet of00:48:19
seizure, they speak under Russian00:48:21
pseudonyms, ashamed of my Jewish00:48:24
origin Trotsky and Zinoviev and00:48:26
others, but in general they took pseudonyms00:48:29
to compete, okay, but rather00:48:33
pseudonyms are their Jewish names,00:48:35
our people have no roots, but00:48:38
somehow, many people always scare us with Trotsky00:48:42
as such a Jew who is destroying00:48:44
Russia, the Jewish conservatives themselves00:48:47
said that he is not a Jew, so like Kubish, a00:48:50
Jewish revolutionary should go, and where should00:48:53
Trotsky go, and where from Trotsky’s00:48:56
datsan to the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council, where00:49:00
else are they shooting him? So, by the way,00:49:02
the Jews played their role in the revolution, so00:49:06
I just told you in percentage00:49:07
terms what and how00:49:09
they reacted directly to this00:49:12
states, remember, we again talked00:49:14
about the Black Hundred, various other00:49:16
Black Hundred similar organizations,00:49:18
we said and shackled the formation of these00:49:21
brothers, we talked about how in general00:49:24
people were recruited in taverns among the00:49:27
criminal element and so on, just00:49:29
when they are trying to show us that pogroms00:49:32
were committed exclusively, it’s just that people00:49:34
came Russians to restore order, well,00:49:37
of course, a crowd is the concept of crowd hysteria00:49:40
when it involves its orbit, many00:49:43
people, well, for example, 1 pogrom of00:49:46
the year nine hundred and five, it happened in April, it00:49:49
was a pogrom in Melitopol for which the Jews00:49:52
were ready and the00:49:54
Jews, Russian youth, organized00:49:57
self-defense units, they simply built a00:49:59
barricade from the steel of the pogromists00:50:01
shoot, what do you think, what did00:50:03
the pogromists do, who came to beat the00:50:06
Jews, their stores, I like them themselves,00:50:10
they ran away, and where did they run to the police for00:50:15
what they were singing?00:50:27
first of all, and by the way, when I00:50:30
talk about his face in00:50:31
1905, it was also characterized by the fact that the00:50:33
Jewish self-defense units began00:50:36
to act very coolly because in April of the00:50:38
same year there00:50:40
was a pogrom in Simferopol, there was a rumor that supposedly there was a00:50:43
boy who desecrated the icon, the Jewish00:50:46
self-defense stopped but about here the00:50:48
troops helped her, this also happened in00:50:51
Zhytomyr, there were also riots that00:50:54
escalated into a pogrom, and here the soldiers00:50:57
defended the rioters, that is, they began00:50:59
to shoot at the self-defense units, you see00:51:02
how different everything was, by the way, there was00:51:05
such a nobleman, by the way, usually an ordinary00:51:09
Russian nobleman Nikolai Blinov he00:51:11
tried to protect the Jews, he was simply00:51:13
torn to pieces by the crowd, but for00:51:16
example, in Minsk and Brest-Litovsk in00:51:19
May of the same year, not just00:51:22
pogromists, but soldiers and Cossacks shot00:51:24
Jews in the street, but the Jews responded to this with their00:51:27
own terror, for example, there were attempts by00:51:30
Jewish anarchists in in particular, before00:51:34
June 30 in Bialystok, a Jewish militant00:51:36
anarchist blew up bombs and a military00:51:38
patrol, about 10 people were killed, and00:51:41
so on, that is, on one side there was a00:51:43
huge wave on the other side, the00:51:47
Jews themselves were their allies, they were Russians, they00:51:51
were democrats, they were simply honest00:51:54
people. cases when Jews were hidden in00:51:56
their homes and this happened, there was a certain logic in all of this, the00:52:01
authorities tried00:52:04
to make the Jews extreme, but these were00:52:07
completely different Jews who were00:52:09
capable of self-organization00:52:12
so that they were ready to00:52:16
really stand up for themselves and despite the fact00:52:18
that the same and Nicholas II00:52:21
who wrote in his letters that he believes00:52:24
that 9 out of 10 revolutionaries are Jews, that00:52:27
terrible case when the official00:52:29
propaganda is read by the rulers themselves is the00:52:33
worst thing that can happen. I always00:52:35
say cards are one thing,00:52:37
you broadcast propaganda for the mob but you don’t eat them, but that’s00:52:40
another thing when you yourself began to00:52:42
consume your own propaganda, this00:52:45
will definitely end badly for00:52:48
this historical figure, and so on, well,00:52:51
by the way, it added fuel to the fire00:52:53
then, as you remember, the famous00:52:56
assassination attempt on Stolypin in the eleventh00:52:59
year was carried out by the Jews, who00:53:02
by the way was a double agent, well, they also00:53:04
added it later fuel to the fire, but00:53:07
nevertheless, nevertheless,00:53:09
summing up a definite conclusion to what I00:53:12
said, it must still be said that the Jews,00:53:15
of course, played a leading role in the revolution,00:53:17
explained why they were like that00:53:20
same spring that was compressed for a long, long time,00:53:23
squeezed, squeezed, squeezed, it00:53:26
straightened out and hit the nose of the one who00:53:28
squeezed it, on the one hand, on the other00:53:31
hand, I repeat, the Jewish community00:53:34
was extremely heterogeneous; a00:53:37
variety of forces were active in it,00:53:39
including reactionary ones, as in any other00:53:41
Russian-Ukrainian community, and so00:53:43
on, which were against the revolutionaries00:53:46
who, well, said so how they assessed00:53:48
Trotsky’s Zinovia herself, and so00:53:50
on, and it must be said that later in the00:53:56
Soviet Union, Jews were also different,00:54:00
there were Soviet patriots, there were anti-00:54:04
patriots, there were also Zionists, there00:54:07
were also supporters of exclusivity, there were different ones, for00:54:11
example, there were people who left for00:54:16
Israel, and there was, for example, a hero Soviet00:54:18
Union Jew Dragoon who consisted00:54:21
of, I’m not mistaken, the Anti-Zionist00:54:23
Committee and who said that00:54:25
Soviet Jews have a different homeland, the Soviet Union,00:54:28
just like in any other nation, and00:54:33
of course the role of Jews in the revolution of 905 is00:54:38
also difficult to overestimate, but to inflate it00:54:41
into some kind of indigestible cliche but this is00:54:44
not the business of people who are actually conscientious00:54:51
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