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00:00:04

hello guys, my name is

00:00:07

Tatyana Belousova, a genius chemistry teacher, today

00:00:10

we will continue to study non-metals and

00:00:13

in particular we will talk about the subgroup of

00:00:15

oxygen, this subgroup is called

00:00:18

holika genes, this is the name of alchemists

00:00:20

further to that subgroup,

00:00:22

due to the fact that initially many

00:00:25

compounds found in nature for

00:00:27

this subgroup were found in compounds

00:00:30

with copper, therefore, in the translation of the ferret, the gene

00:00:32

assigns copper ores forming

00:00:35

because this was the case initially, but

00:00:38

now there is a compound where not only

00:00:40

copper is found together with these

00:00:42

elements,

00:00:43

these elements are located in group 6 and

00:00:47

this is the short version of the table or in

00:00:51

group 16 in the semi-long version

00:00:54

or in the long version version of the

00:00:56

periodic table, this subgroup includes

00:00:59

oxygen, sulfur is strong divor and polonium,

00:01:06

oxygen is an element that has its

00:01:09

name due to the fact that it forms

00:01:12

acids, therefore its name is Latin and is

00:01:15

translated as sulfur, obviously the

00:01:18

name is associated with its color from San

00:01:21

Cretan, which means yellow

00:01:23

strong this name comes from the

00:01:26

Latin name of the moon selenium tellurium

00:01:30

this name was received by the element due to

00:01:33

our planet that the theory is the name of the

00:01:36

earth in Latin but polonium

00:01:39

has a name associated with the homeland

00:01:42

of the scientist who discovered this element this is

00:01:45

Maria Sklodowska-Curie therefore it

00:01:48

is called polonium

00:01:49

Poland Latin the name hence

00:01:52

the name of the element polonium, these elements

00:01:54

are in the sixth group, they have

00:01:57

2 electrons and 4n electrons on the outer level,

00:02:02

and they will have paired electrons on the outer level,

00:02:06

respectively,

00:02:09

and accordingly, the electrons will be

00:02:13

placed in such a

00:02:15

way that they will have two

00:02:18

unpaired electrons. All elements with the

00:02:20

exception of oxygen still have a

00:02:24

d-sublevel in reserve, which they use to

00:02:28

increase their valence,

00:02:32

so oxygen itself is an element

00:02:36

that occurs in the form of its two

00:02:38

simple substances,

00:02:40

these are a2 and a3, a2 is oxygen, a3 is ozone,

00:02:47

both substances are gases oxygen has

00:02:51

no color, acidic

00:02:53

ozone has a color, ozone has a smell,

00:02:58

they are substances that dissolve in water,

00:03:00

but oxygen to a lesser extent, ozone to a

00:03:03

greater extent and o2 is a substance

00:03:06

that occurs in nature most

00:03:09

of all in the air and the oxygen content in air

00:03:14

is about twenty-

00:03:16

one percent, but also about oxygen

00:03:19

it should be said that it occupies first

00:03:21

place on our planet in terms of

00:03:24

prevalence first place on earth

00:03:28

sulfur has an alla difficult modification of the

00:03:32

general composition

00:03:34

s8 can be with 4, there is even a smaller

00:03:39

amount of 6 and up to two

00:03:43

sulfur atoms, this pair is shaped like sulfur, but sulfur

00:03:46

is found in the form predominantly the so-

00:03:49

called rhombic sulfur,

00:03:53

this sulfur is most familiar to you because

00:03:56

such sulfur has such a characteristic

00:03:59

yellow color and such sulfur is produced

00:04:02

in our auricle as a means of

00:04:04

protecting the protection of the eardrum, and

00:04:07

if the gray is heated a little, it

00:04:10

turns into the so-called

00:04:12

pasted sulfur, which has a paler

00:04:15

color, and if sulfur is heated even more strongly,

00:04:19

it turns into rubber-like

00:04:22

plastic sulfur,

00:04:23

which for some time after heating

00:04:26

gives the ability to stretch, it is

00:04:28

this kind of sulfur that is added to rubber in order to

00:04:31

obtain from it the rubber

00:04:35

of the universe tellurium themselves are

00:04:37

solid substances,

00:04:39

but we will not talk about them in detail

00:04:43

since they not so often used

00:04:46

in general chemistry,

00:04:48

I’ll just say that outwardly they are similar in

00:04:51

chemical properties, they were worn and the

00:04:54

Lorna tape is sulfur, but polonium is a substance

00:04:57

that is a radioactive metal

00:05:01

and it is in this group precisely because of the

00:05:05

similarity of its structure,

00:05:07

if we are talking about valence then for

00:05:10

oxygen valence is almost always

00:05:14

2 for the oxidation state the picture will

00:05:17

look like this minus 2 minus 10 plus one

00:05:24

happens and plus 2 where minus 2 is a

00:05:27

compound,

00:05:28

for example water -1 this h2o 2

00:05:34

hydrogen peroxide zero charge u2 and u3

00:05:38

plus 1 this is a compound o2 fluorine 2

00:05:43

where for fluorine -1, but for oxygen plus 1 and

00:05:47

of thor 2 minus 1 plus 2 and

00:05:52

these substances are called

00:05:53

fluorides, respectively, oxygen is

00:05:56

inferior in strength only to fluorine for all

00:05:59

other elements of this subgroup the

00:06:03

oxidation state is -2 on and

00:06:06

less than 0 happens + 2 but it it happens extremely

00:06:11

rarely plus 4 and plus 6,

00:06:17

pay attention that oxygen does

00:06:19

not have these oxidation states of the latter,

00:06:21

if we are talking about a series, let’s say

00:06:25

then for sulfur

00:06:26

it will be compounds h2s where -2 is a zero

00:06:32

charge, this is in its

00:06:34

allotropic modifications of this element

00:06:36

+ 2 for example,

00:06:38

with chlorine 2 + 4 so2 and plus 6, for example with a3,

00:06:46

in pure form in the native state,

00:06:49

oxygen and sulfur are found in nature;

00:06:53

tellurium and noon are found in the

00:06:55

main compounds if we are talking in

00:06:58

particular about the series and then let's

00:07:01

talk about this element

00:07:03

sulfur is an element that is found in

00:07:06

nature in smaller quantities than

00:07:08

oxygen and in our body sulfur

00:07:11

accounts for no more than two percent; sulfur

00:07:15

is part of, for example, the proteins of our

00:07:18

hair and is also located and produced in the

00:07:21

auricle as a protection for the

00:07:25

eardrum. Sulfur itself is obtained

00:07:28

from natural sources. sulfur, why because sulfur

00:07:32

occurs in a native state as

00:07:34

sulfur and then this rock is crushed,

00:07:39

they can be heated a little, that is,

00:07:41

it turns out that they are melted out here, the usera

00:07:43

is obtained from the rock or, for example, in another

00:07:45

way when the sulfur, together with the rock,

00:07:48

is crushed, thrown into water, and since sulfur is

00:07:50

not wetted by water, it floats to the

00:07:53

surface and then the sulfur is collected, this

00:07:56

method is called flotation from the word float,

00:08:00

basically sulfur is obtained in

00:08:03

this way since it is found in

00:08:05

nature in a native state, but it

00:08:08

can also be found in the form of ore, for example,

00:08:10

cuprum with cuprum 2

00:08:13

with FRS 2 before is called hydra organ with

00:08:19

this is cinnabar and so on, therefore, therefore,

00:08:23

from these sulfur compounds can be obtained,

00:08:25

for example,

00:08:26

by roasting, but once again I repeat, mainly

00:08:28

gray is extracted from native sulfur by

00:08:32

flotation in terms of chemical properties, sulfur is

00:08:36

of course inferior to oxygen, it is not so

00:08:39

active and reacts

00:08:41

mainly with the most active metals

00:08:44

and their

00:08:45

shares, let's give examples, let's say

00:08:49

Blucher's zinc

00:08:50

when heated because sulfur is not so

00:08:53

active and zinc is not the most active

00:08:55

metal, we get zinc with and sulfur -2 zinc

00:09:01

+ 2

00:09:02

as we see the coefficients are not required

00:09:05

the name of the substance sounds like

00:09:08

zinc sulfide This substance has an unusual

00:09:12

property. This substance is classified as a

00:09:14

phosphor and therefore when

00:09:16

light rays fall on it, in daylight it

00:09:20

seems to absorb light energy and in the

00:09:23

dark it can glow, so it

00:09:25

uses these substances as a

00:09:27

substance that is applied to the fabric

00:09:30

so that it glows in the dark and

00:09:32

is treated like this some are deduced so that when

00:09:35

exposed to light they do not also glow further than

00:09:38

hydra gyrom plus s, but this reaction with the

00:09:43

formation of hydrangea m.s. where sulfur -2

00:09:46

and mercury plus 2 will look like this, the

00:09:51

resulting compound is called

00:09:55

mercury sulfides but study the variable valence is

00:09:58

equal in this case to two the unusualness of

00:10:01

this reaction is that if, for

00:10:03

example, mercury is accidentally spilled but the

00:10:06

thermometer breaks, then it is

00:10:09

collected by sprinkling it in this place where

00:10:11

is the spilled mercury, crushed

00:10:14

sulfur, then they are mixed and then all

00:10:17

this can be collected since mercury, sulfur

00:10:19

reacts without any

00:10:21

preconditions, this process is called

00:10:25

mercury deposition, in this way

00:10:30

spilled mercury is removed, in addition, sulfur can

00:10:34

react with non-metals

00:10:35

for example hydrogen and sulfur when heated a

00:10:39

gas is formed where sulfur has -2

00:10:44

hydrogen has plus one h2

00:10:47

s as we see the coefficients are not needed

00:10:50

this gas is called hydrogen sulfide and

00:10:53

this substance has an extremely unpleasant

00:10:56

odor it smells to have the smell of rotten eggs and the

00:11:01

smell of rotting

00:11:03

but hydrogen sulfide our life is often

00:11:07

formed it is formed in

00:11:09

sewers in pipes in small

00:11:12

concentrations, hydrogen sulfide is not dangerous and,

00:11:14

for example, some natural waters

00:11:17

contain dissolved hydrogen sulfide, it is

00:11:19

very useful for the skin for the treatment of

00:11:21

skin diseases,

00:11:23

but in large quantities, of course, this

00:11:25

substance is very dangerous and

00:11:28

we will also show the interaction of sulfur with

00:11:30

oxygen, but this reaction has

00:11:33

ancient roots because sulfur was initially

00:11:37

very often burned as a result of the reaction

00:11:41

formed with o 2 and co 2, this is a substance where

00:11:45

sulfur exhibits a different oxidation state

00:11:47

plus 4, which means, unlike zinc, mercury,

00:11:51

hydrogen, sulfur in this case will

00:11:53

act as a reducing agent,

00:11:56

but in these examples, sulfur would like to

00:11:59

shine and the gas released from advan is called

00:12:04

sulfur oxides of

00:12:06

valence 4 but it has a

00:12:10

historical name gray do not stay gas

00:12:14

this is a gas that also has a characteristic odor the

00:12:17

smell of burnt

00:12:20

matches and why do I say that this is an ancient

00:12:25

reaction because the burning of gray

00:12:27

is accompanied by a very beautiful blue

00:12:29

flame and therefore they thought that it the flame

00:12:32

scares away spirits and burning sulfur was very

00:12:35

often used in churches during

00:12:38

worship, such procedures were believed

00:12:41

that it helps,

00:12:43

well, turning to God is probably more

00:12:45

effective, but as we understand the substance,

00:12:47

this is not safe, so we

00:12:50

need to be careful with sulfur dioxide,

00:12:52

even in small concentrations when we

00:12:54

burn matches the released sulfur

00:12:57

dioxide is of course not so dangerous, and since we

00:13:01

see ferret genes, these are substances that,

00:13:04

of course, are also very active, and in particular

00:13:07

sulfur, but are still inferior in strength to

00:13:09

halogen. About the use of sulfur, in the end, I would

00:13:13

also like to say that sulfur itself

00:13:15

is used in medicine and

00:13:20

usually dissolved in various fatty components,

00:13:22

used for such not very pleasant

00:13:25

diseases as scabies, for example, and

00:13:28

crushed sulfur is used to treat

00:13:30

certain types of allergies,

00:13:32

in addition, sulfur is used for the

00:13:34

production of gunpowder, also a lot of sulfur

00:13:39

is used for the production of matches,

00:13:43

matches, and sulfur is used in very

00:13:46

large quantities and for the production of the

00:13:48

most important sulfur compound is

00:13:52

sulfuric acid which is the most

00:13:56

produced acid in any country in general

00:13:59

and since we saw today the

00:14:01

compounds of these elements are also very

00:14:04

interesting and in the next lesson we

00:14:07

will talk about other sulfur compounds

00:14:09

so do not miss our next lesson

00:14:12

well for today goodbye guys

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