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Как СССР и Германия разделили Польшу?

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On September 1,

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1939, without a declaration of war,

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German troops invaded

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Polish territory and did not have a

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huge advantage in numbers and

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weapons. On September 17, also without a

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declaration of war, Soviet troops

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crossed the Polish border. Moscow

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justified this step by the complete collapse of the

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Polish state and also by

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the need to protect

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Ukrainians and Belarusians living in Poland. in

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fact, the plan

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developed and provided for by the

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agreements of the Soviet-German Pact was put into action.

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Hello everyone, you are on the history brief channel and

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today we will learn how Germany and the USSR

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divided Poland in the Second World War. We will

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probably start with the fact that the early

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divided Polish state was

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restored after the First World War II,

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the border with Germany was determined by the

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Treaty of Versailles, Poland turned out to be

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West Prussia, part of Silesia, and the city of

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Danzig was declared free; the border in the

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east ran along the so-called

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Curzon line of the British Foreign Secretary;

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the line roughly separated areas with

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Polish and areas with Ukrainian and

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Belarusian majorities; however, as

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a result Soviet-Polish war in

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1919-1921 it was moved

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east from the proposed borders.

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As for relations with Germany, the

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signing of a declaration on the non-use of

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force between Germany and Poland in January

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1934 became one of the first

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foreign policy successes of the German

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government;

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Hitler’s supporters opposed this measure

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so much how long ago they were outraged by the terms of the

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Treaty of Versailles, which transferred

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West Prussia Poznań and Upper

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Silesia to the control of Poland, but the

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non-aggression treaty allowed Hitler

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to protect Germany from a possible

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French-Polish military alliance and

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carry out armament without fear

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for its eastern borders

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on the part of Poland, the signing of the declaration

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was preceded by attempts to persuade the secret

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its main ally, France, to

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war against Germany,

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but France’s refusal was reinforced at the cost of

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Poland, that the big powers would be ready

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to sacrifice the interests of small ones in case of

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anything, and the natural result of such a

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policy aimed at maintaining

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peace in Europe was an attempt to protect

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itself from possible aggression through a

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treaty with Germany,

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signing a declaration took place on the

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initiative of Hitler and the Minister of Military

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Affairs of Poland, Józef Pilsudski,

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Pilsudski underestimated Hitler’s ambitions,

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considering him rational and reasonable

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politicians, appeasement provided

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Hitler with the opportunity to implement the plan for the

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rearmament of Germany and carry out the

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Anschluss of Austria in March

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1938, the same year, according to the Munich

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agreement between Germany and

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Great Britain and France and Italy, well, the

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children's region on the territory of the

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border regions in the Czech Republic became

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part of Nazi Germany; Poland also

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decided to take advantage of the hopeless

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situation of the Czechoslovak government

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and demanded that Czechoslovakia hand

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over the Kezhemsky region, a disputed

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region which it considered as

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illegally occupied since 1919;

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Germany again supported the demands of

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Poland and Prague was forced to

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agree in March 1939, German

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troops occupied the remaining part of the Czech Republic,

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contrary to their obligations under the Minsk

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agreement,

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Great Britain and France responded by

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guaranteeing the territorial

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integrity of Poland, meanwhile, in

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August 1939, a non-aggression treaty was concluded

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between Germany and the Soviet

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Union known as the

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Molotov Pact - Ribbentrop,

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simultaneously with the treaty, the parties

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signed a secret additional

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protocol

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clarifying the division of Poland. One of the main

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problems in German-Polish relations

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was the existence in the territory of the

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Eastern Pomerania of the Polish corridor of

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access to the Baltic Sea, separating the

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main part of Germany from East

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Prussia, in addition to purely political

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issues, the Pomerania absorbed a whole

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complex unresolved economic

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problems, particularly those relating to the transit of

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German cargo from Germany to East

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Prussia and its payment; another pressing

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problem was the status of the free city of

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Danzig. On

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March 21, a week after the partition of

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Czechoslovakia,

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Hitler, in his written memorandum,

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again returned to the demands for Danzig; a

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response proposal from Poland to provide a

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joint search for German guarantees

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The status of a free city

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was rejected by the German side, so that already on

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March 22, Marshal Rydz Smigly approved the

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operational plan for the war against Germany.

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At the same time, during the

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new propaganda campaign of the Nazis, the

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Polish authorities were accused of

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organizing ethnic cleansing

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against those living in the territory

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Poland Germans in order to create a pretext for a

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German attack on Poland troops with

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staged an attack by Poland on a

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German radio station in the city gloves

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Hitler announced numerous

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incidents that occurred in the border

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area as a justification for the

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defensive actions of German forces on September 1,

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1939 at 4:45 am according to the

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Weiss plan German troops, without declaring

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war, began an offensive along the

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entire German-Polish border, as

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well as from the territory of Moravia and Slovakia, the

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front line was about 1600

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kilometers, a few minutes later, the

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training battleship Schleswig-Holstein began

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shelling the search for the military naval base of

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Westerplatte in the city of Danzig, this

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shelling is considered the first shots that began of

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the war, already in the first three days of

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the company, the Polish armed forces

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lost several battles in the

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border areas, German

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motorized units broke through the

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defensive positions of the Polish armies in

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Elk and Krakow. On September 3, France and

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Great Britain became the first

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states to declare war on

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Nazi Germany. On September 7, parts of the

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third and fourth French armies

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crossed the German the Saori border, but

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soon they circled a meeting of the

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French British Supreme Military

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Council. During the meeting, a

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decision was made to stop the offensive

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due to the fact that events in Poland did not

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justify further military actions by the

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Saori; in practice, these decisions

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meant a rejection of allied

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obligations towards Poland having a

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unique opportunity to develop an

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offensive during the period of their military

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superiority and influence the future

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fate of all the peoples of Europe, the allies

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decided to do nothing; however, this had

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catastrophic consequences for them in

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1940, and even until the very end of

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hostilities in Poland, the German

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command was not able to

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transfer to the western front In

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the meantime, as a result of the attacks of

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German aviation, the Polish army of Modlin

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was disorganized and began to chaotically

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retreat to the eastern bank of the Vistula, the

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Loth army was unable to hold its position on the

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Varta rivers, and after all, the crush and the position of the

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army of Prussia and Krakow became critical

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despite stubborn battles and heavy

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German losses, the Polish army was in the minority

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and defeated within a few weeks,

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the Germans deployed more than two thousand tanks

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and thousands of aircraft, broke through the

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Polish defenses along the border and closed the

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encirclement ring around the defenders of Warsaw, and on

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September 17, USSR troops crossed the

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eastern border of Poland, advancing to a

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line approximately corresponding to Curzon line

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and stipulated in the secret protocols to the

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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact as the line

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dividing the Soviet and German spheres of

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influence,

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Marshal Rydz-Smigly ordered the Polish

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troops located on the border with

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the Soviet Union to retreat to the border with

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Romania without engaging in battle with the Red

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Army except in cases of attack from its

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sides on the same day the government

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leaves the territory of Poland all this

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aggravates the chaos and undermines

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the defense capability of the Polish troops after the

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catastrophic bombing of Warsaw

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the city signs the act of surrender on

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October 6 the last units of the

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Polish troops were asked the Polish lands were

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divided between Germany and the Soviet

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Union the

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demarcation line ran along the

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Bug River on In the Polish lands annexed by Germany, a

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racial policy was carried out and

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resettlement was carried out, the

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population was classified into categories with different rights

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in accordance with their nationality

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and origin, Jews and Gypsies, according to

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this policy, were subject to complete

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destruction, and after them

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the Poles were the most powerless category, well, that’s

00:08:56

all for you today brief

00:08:58

history channel don't forget to subscribe and

00:09:00

like also be sure to

00:09:02

watch my other videos and the Second

00:09:04

World War

00:09:06

[music]

Description:

Как СССР и Германия разделили Польшу? В 1939 году фашисты во главе с Гитлером начали разработку плана по вторжению в Польшу. Операция "Вайс" была привдена в действие в сентябре того того же года. Без объявления войны, германские войска вторглись на территорию Польши. Они располагали огромным преимуществом в численности и вооружении. Семнадцатого сентября, также без объявления войны, войска СССР перешли польскую границу. Москва оправдывала этот шаг полным распадом польского государства, а также необходимостью защиты проживавших в Польше украинцев и белорусов. На самом же деле был приведен в действие план, разработанный и предусмотренный соглашениями советско-германского пакта. Сегодня мы узнаем, для чего Германии и СССР была нужна Польша, как всего через месяц Красной армии и Вермахту удалось захватить и разделить целую страну, и почему полякам не помогли их союзники – Великобритания и Франция.

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