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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:17
[music]00:00:21
Stanislav Drobyshevsky anthropologist00:00:24
Candidate of Biological Sciences00:00:25
popularizer of science associate professor of the department00:00:28
anthropology faculty of biology mg00:00:31
[music]00:00:41
[music]00:00:45
I have a question. We were in00:00:47
Rwanda and paid enough attention00:00:50
poor country If there with Western00:00:52
countries yes Or compare with Russia a00:00:55
people often eat there what they grew00:00:58
ate As they say meat ed00:01:00
everyone chews this sugar cane but everyone00:01:02
teeth as if they were incredible00:01:05
dear dentist That's why it's so when00:01:09
such a poor life but because it's not00:01:12
about poverty Never normal at all00:01:14
condition of teeth Well, in our villages if00:01:17
poor man usually has very bad teeth00:01:19
the quality isn't quite that's not how it works00:01:23
first of all, they always ate like that00:01:25
there is, over time, about consuls Until now00:01:28
porno prino eat so this is the option00:01:32
food to which a person basically00:01:33
adapted it's like eating properly00:01:36
people, look what they eat00:01:38
If you eat about the same00:01:40
it will probably be fine with you too00:01:41
childhood Well, really, you will live then00:01:43
30 years, probably, but it will be teeth00:01:45
good And secondly, if the speech is acceptable00:01:47
about every caries there, he’s a caries00:01:49
mainly not because of nutrition but because of00:01:52
violations of just nutrition as if in00:01:54
non-standard side due to stress00:01:56
eat when I start eating anything00:01:58
and I'm actually kind of stressed00:02:01
and there the pressure drops, that's when it goes bad00:02:03
nay bacteria get a chance there too00:02:05
there the enamel is destroyed. What if I am from childhood00:02:07
I live in this poverty and how is it for me00:02:09
it's normal it's not stress it's basically00:02:11
as if ordinary life Ugandan00:02:22
we are sitting on a chair Yes, there in the room00:02:26
patima, by the way, there is some kind of lantern there00:02:28
shining in the face This is completely wrong00:02:31
this is not how people should live at all00:02:32
once That's why, of course, teeth are falling out00:02:35
Of course, yes, and besides, we’re living again00:02:37
we don't have much, that is, I have up to00:02:39
For 20 years everything was fine with my teeth too00:02:40
more or less Well, there were a couple of careers00:02:42
some holes Oh well, they put MB there A00:02:44
now I don't have half of it anymore Well, I00:02:46
I turned 45 this summer00:02:48
yo Neanderthals three Neanderthals00:02:51
lived to such an age, that is,00:02:53
by Neanderthal standards I'm already there at the soybean00:02:55
in fact, well, as if they didn’t have00:02:58
especially likely to just lose these teeth00:03:01
because they00:03:02
died at the age of 20 I would too00:03:05
If they found a skull there it would be great00:03:07
teeth said about Drobyshevsky how00:03:09
preserved well of course 20 years you00:03:11
you want to say that your food is not00:03:14
It depends, or rather, your dentistry00:03:17
doesn't depend on what you eat. Well00:03:20
it's from a specific diet if it's a diet00:03:23
stable across different generations, as it were, well00:03:25
it’s almost as if it came before us00:03:27
no way Well, the same Eskimos Yes, they are there00:03:29
eat only fat by some laziness00:03:31
and they also have excellent teeth, these ones00:03:33
Ugandan00:03:34
reed and some kind of trouser Yes00:03:37
local there, what are they doing?00:03:39
some people eat bananas, they have everything too00:03:41
great, somewhere in Polynesia they are00:03:43
They only eat fish and everything is fine too00:03:45
there is, in principle, no specific diet00:03:47
It depends almost nothing. But there’s a change00:03:49
diets these are our ancestors Yes here are yours and mine00:03:53
ate grain and some other stuff00:03:56
peas Yes, there are turnips, I don’t know Well, something00:03:58
this is what I wish I had since childhood00:04:00
ate turnips, peas and bread and there00:04:03
I washed it down with pure spring water.00:04:05
maybe they had normal teeth too00:04:07
But that would be a little boring. Here we are00:04:10
We consume a lot of sugar, which00:04:12
ancestors almost never ate at all00:04:14
uh, there’s something else there Yes, there’s a lot of meat00:04:16
By the way, well, the ancestors are not so much either00:04:18
they ate there once a month maybe it was there00:04:21
we saw it and it was good, well, there it is00:04:22
some kind of milk, eggs still there00:04:24
was going somewhere Yes, that’s how it was00:04:27
the diet was very monotonous00:04:28
throughout life00:04:30
Well, here you have a choice of either eating00:04:32
how did ancestors have normal teeth but how00:04:36
it would be boring to eat like this00:04:38
it would be fun, but my teeth are falling out, so what?00:04:41
more generally not in principle not even from00:04:42
consistency of food it depends but just me00:04:45
I’m talking from stress. Well, for example, for me00:04:47
the teeth began to decay and there everyone00:04:49
karis arises when I'm from Chita00:04:51
my dear one went to Moscow, so even though I00:04:54
as if by origin such00:04:56
Central Russian, as it were, a character, but that’s all00:04:58
I lived the same childhood as I did00:05:00
air conditioning already then tamas And here00:05:03
sort of in the middle zone, but I don’t have it00:05:05
local, as it were, and my whole body00:05:07
trying to adapt to this strength00:05:08
they go away But they don’t go away on the teeth anymore Well, sort of00:05:11
the amount of strength in the body is quite00:05:13
limited especially since I arrived00:05:15
live in dorms where the chaos is endless00:05:16
Moreover, these were the nineties, well00:05:18
you can guess it was a mess there00:05:20
We also started cooking for ourselves00:05:23
It’s natural to cook for yourself too00:05:24
study continuously That is, I came00:05:26
as if I entered Moscow State University and all the time00:05:29
there's some tension, stress there, exams00:05:31
five past ten, that is, I’m at home00:05:33
I didn’t even try that hard at all00:05:35
and there’s some kind of running around, everything’s somehow not00:05:37
so everything is wrong and of course the teeth are there00:05:40
fell as if one with the other Well,00:05:42
I wish I lived in some village there00:05:43
this middle lane in the same place with00:05:45
birth to death maybe I still have00:05:47
I had normal teeth for a while00:05:52
[music]00:05:58
were00:06:04
[music]00:06:09
I wanted to ask you about the paleo diet00:06:12
Have you ever heard of such a fashionable thing?00:06:14
Well, where would I go?00:06:16
since in the twelfth year it means she was00:06:19
described as one of the main trends in00:06:22
diets are based on this00:06:25
popularity used to be this00:06:28
People have been suffering from delusions for years now00:06:30
100 but in the thirteenth year the diet began00:06:33
most popular weight loss method00:06:36
according to Google statistics Well okay Well this00:06:39
because Google appeared tritely before00:06:41
no one read the gu statistics00:06:43
because there was no Google So it's not00:06:46
about why she appeared00:06:48
in your opinion because this is commerce00:06:50
because someone made money from it00:06:52
money is still typical00:06:53
earns Let me read you a cheat00:06:56
went on a diet and tell me how much00:06:58
in general, people could eat in00:07:01
paleolithic means in the paleolithic era people00:07:03
engaged in gathering and hunting and00:07:05
Accordingly, there was a lot of meat in the diet00:07:07
fish nuts eggs raw seeds00:07:10
slightly less mushrooms, berries, fruits, vegetables and00:07:12
greens are not allowed, grains including bread00:07:16
pasta wheat half horn barley and others00:07:19
no legumes beans peas milk A00:07:23
some vegetable oils are nonsense00:07:27
doggy Well, the first part, what's in the water, what00:07:30
didn't eat here is the first part00:07:32
I subscribe directly and ate everything00:07:34
that's what is listed and the second is all nonsense00:07:37
because they didn’t eat cereals there00:07:39
Australopithecus ate cereals and in vain00:07:42
they basically ate this and00:07:44
nuts nuts there in the first part after all00:07:46
yes, well, there were vegetable oils and they ate00:07:48
they are vegetable oils, as it were, very much so00:07:50
they liked it Well, where would they be more00:07:51
quantity taken Of course, but they ate00:07:54
man from this sit elefan it00:07:58
almost almost it's not almost it's 1,300,000 years00:08:01
back in Spain in this spanking here and there00:08:05
traces of starch from this grain on00:08:07
teeth that is 1min 30000 - This is the most00:08:09
the ancient changes Europe in general in principle00:08:11
there is no ancient one And now it has starch00:08:14
grain Here and then what else is there00:08:17
legumes were listed there Yes in the same00:08:19
shanidar itself and to the kebar somewhere else00:08:22
there are legumes on the teeth, they ate peas00:08:25
Well, there’s a question: What specific one, as it were, But00:08:26
exactly what legumes ate that's normal00:08:30
in one of the caves, therefore, in the village00:08:34
Africa has a weapon where00:08:39
strengthened with casein That is, it is with milk00:08:42
Well, that is, this is for of course00:08:44
gluing as if They used Yes00:08:45
but that means they had milk00:08:48
and somehow they I don’t know him for some reason00:08:50
antelopes were planted and there was a dating there00:08:51
40,000 years if anything else00:08:54
somewhere there from to years and older We have00:08:56
most people lose the ability00:08:58
ut young adult form but in the Neolithic in00:09:02
several populations in at least00:09:03
Northern Europe, East Africa and00:09:05
India has developed a resistance to this matter00:09:08
and Well, I don’t know about you, but here I am00:09:10
I have stability, I’m from that Lucky one00:09:12
part that can drink milk00:09:15
we are already at least 7,000 years old but 7,00000:09:17
years is more than a long time actually00:09:19
during this time it’s possible to be normal00:09:21
eat milk that's why it's happening again00:09:23
this is nonsense, if there is an enzyme00:09:26
decomposing then it’s normal as if it’s possible00:09:28
drink Why not, because ancestors Yes00:09:31
some in some situations there00:09:32
ate some extreme food00:09:34
really only there mostly00:09:35
fat and there I just don’t know turnips00:09:36
some but that's because From00:09:38
hopelessness as soon as normal00:09:40
you give a person something normal, well if00:09:42
he is a normal person, he eats everything00:09:44
so the paleo diet is just la-la00:09:46
it’s not about anything at all, that’s why it’s scientific when00:09:49
tried to check it every time there00:09:51
it turns out so-so It’s like the only thing00:09:53
when it really works for00:09:55
weight loss if you take it when you are tough00:09:57
restrictions drive But in principle this is not00:09:59
Be sure to go on a diet, it’s possible00:10:01
I just eat less normal food. That’s it00:10:03
there will be the same effect, here I am on myself00:10:05
It’s not like I’m on a diet, yes00:10:07
I just checked at some point, well00:10:09
when there after the juice is already there with me00:10:11
age has noticed that I'm starting right00:10:13
getting fat Well, for me it looks like this Maybe it’s00:10:16
you can't tell, but I feel like00:10:18
it's like there's a fatty streak in me00:10:19
appears Well, I don’t know any there00:10:21
I bend down to tie my shoelaces, now00:10:24
I don’t have any laces and it’s just more difficult for me00:10:27
because the folds are collected and00:10:29
never happened before Well, this is unusual for me00:10:31
So I decided, well, let’s say00:10:34
staircase I used to run there Instantly00:10:36
and now I feel that I’m somehow not00:10:38
I'm running so briskly, well, this is for me00:10:40
tangible, at least for myself00:10:42
decided in my head I'm going to the dining room00:10:44
I come to the biofaker and this is what I want00:10:47
I took it all and now I want it00:10:49
this is this this is this and I only take00:10:51
so I started eating about twice as much00:10:53
less just deliberately and00:10:56
It really works a little bit00:10:58
like that, I recovered as if in00:11:00
reverse side So this is not na people00:11:02
that's why I'm still just a mess00:11:04
What can you say about the raw food diet?00:11:07
practice shows there have been studies00:11:09
special raw foodists that they have00:11:11
low body weight they are bony here00:11:13
to be honest some are on the verge00:11:15
their dystrophy is much worse. It’s all about00:11:18
reproduction is worth it for women here00:11:21
these evolutionary cycles are sometimes disrupted00:11:23
In general, it’s as if ovulation does not occur in00:11:25
men also produce sperm00:11:27
sharply reduced00:11:29
intellectual abilities sag00:11:30
Because if They eat raw meat00:11:33
they spend a lot of energy on00:11:35
digestion of food Well, not meat there00:11:36
no matter what, it doesn't matter what the plants are00:11:39
they put a lot of energy into00:11:41
digestion that is, of course they are there00:11:42
they get some kind of benefit from this in the end00:11:44
But if you spent something, it means it’s not00:11:47
spend money somewhere else00:11:49
amount of energy expended in00:11:51
in the body it’s not that limited, yes00:11:53
but there are quite definite frameworks and00:11:55
like you are nothing else then if you00:11:57
how much did you receive and spent? If you00:12:00
spent a lot on digestion So you00:12:02
don’t waste your thinking and00:12:04
there's something else there and we're wasting our brains00:12:06
if that 20% of the energy in the body if you00:12:09
there you spent 10% extra on00:12:11
digestion but brains will spend not 20 but 1000:12:13
and they will work half as much00:12:16
so you can be a raw foodist but with00:12:17
you saw the corresponding results00:12:19
these are the great achievements of raw foodists00:12:22
By the way, they will even tell you what they00:12:24
well that's the same for vegetarians00:12:25
they will tell you that there is such lightness in the body00:12:27
formed It's clear that it formed00:12:29
eat a person 10 masses after00:12:32
if he eats poorly he will have ease00:12:35
Yes, he’s giving you matanza right away00:12:39
Of course, they won’t remember Einstein00:12:42
they’ll remember, but honestly there’s still grief00:12:44
The question is, who would study it scientifically?00:12:48
and we just have examples00:12:50
any vegetarian communities00:12:52
I don’t know, recent Koreans Yes, Chinese00:12:54
recent Japanese recent Here they are00:12:56
The same Vietnamese ate only rice there00:12:57
there are the Indians there, but they were tall00:13:00
meter 50 And as soon as the meat is in00:13:02
XX century so they are now an average meter 6500:13:05
the size for the world is something like that00:13:07
Chinese basketball team Tam00:13:09
I'm scared to look at them like this00:13:10
look here and when the Japanese will be allowed in00:13:13
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Chinese meter 5000:13:16
the Japanese were called dwarfs with height00:13:18
islands that is when you are a person00:13:21
a one and a half meter dwarf is an occasion00:13:23
think about it, there might be something wrong00:13:24
so that's all right now, [ __ ] off and00:13:28
the average height of the Japanese Met 65 is00:13:30
world average00:13:32
value Well in Europe it is on average00:13:34
much higher actually now in00:13:36
Europe there Met 78 Well this is my height here I am00:13:38
seis is of average height absolutely But this00:13:40
Europeans are huge, it’s like it’s not the world00:13:42
small Here come the Japanese. By the way, very00:13:46
illustrative comparison of Northern Southern00:13:48
Korea because from some point00:13:50
The North began to live poorer after all.00:13:52
and their height difference is 16 cm, that’s generally00:13:56
like a lot How much in reality00:13:57
this is the difference X if we take it in the 19th century00:14:00
Europeans and Pygmies Well, at the same time00:14:03
it is clear that North South Koreans are00:14:04
the same people, genetics, they have everything00:14:06
strictly the same, it’s there, well, they’re all Kims00:14:08
completely, but 16 cm is only00:14:12
food these eat more meat00:14:14
everyone eats less meat, so there will be northern ones00:14:16
Koreans are better. They eat meat. Well, who would give it to them?00:14:18
as if yes Well, when they give it too00:14:21
will grow up quite easily00:14:24
evolutionarily, who wins?00:14:26
herbivore or meat eater actually00:14:28
some of the others depend on the others00:14:31
because mis food eat herbivores well00:14:34
this is a classic of the genre, there are producers00:14:37
- these are actually plants00:14:38
consumers of the first order are those00:14:40
that eat Plants and consumers00:14:42
second order who eat those who00:14:43
they eat plants and there are also consumers00:14:46
second order well third fourth00:14:48
fifth theoretically that is00:14:49
some kind of flea that bites00:14:51
wolf there is some kind of parasite00:14:53
the flea has here, and in the end there are decomposers00:14:56
who put it all back to00:14:57
carbon hydrogen oxygen of course and00:15:00
Everything returns to normal, but00:15:01
no one canceled the cycle Well, it’s impossible00:15:04
say that there are more meat eaters there00:15:06
There are fewer military men or there are just even number of them00:15:08
equally well, there is such a thing, there is a pyramid00:15:11
classical Well, the rule of ten is so00:15:13
called that is, on every next00:15:15
level of energy and substance consumption00:15:17
the amount decreases by about 10 times00:15:19
that is, roughly speaking, 10 tons of grass00:15:22
there will be a ton of cows per ton of cows there will be00:15:25
100 kg Wolves from 100 kg Wolves we will remove 1000:15:28
kg of fleas Well, 10 kg of fleas will grow00:15:33
a kilogram of mushrooms and these mushrooms themselves00:15:35
all this will be returned back to the soil and again00:15:37
there will miraculously be 10 tons of grass00:15:40
I see, that means, well, it works out00:15:44
herbivores Most of all so Why in00:15:48
human evolution after all00:15:50
herbivores did not win Well, how are we?00:15:54
omnivores What makes us so wonderful is that we00:15:57
Absolutely omnivores, we eat everything we give00:15:59
and as a rule we don’t complain too much. Well, if00:16:01
an adequate person at least And this00:16:03
winning strategy it started with us00:16:05
at least as early as the end of the Cretaceous period00:16:07
when we were size and shape00:16:09
the shrew was running around there00:16:11
branches and we were the most omnivorous of00:16:13
mammals of that time and everything00:16:15
subsequent times we have this00:16:21
nutritional00:16:26
since in principle it’s all the same00:16:28
balance around some abstract00:16:30
middle and always We ate everything Well00:16:32
when we became just people people uh00:16:35
our diet depended rather on what00:16:37
there is not what we want, but what do we like00:16:40
they give, that is, when they lived in the Arctic they didn’t eat00:16:42
I know there were reindeer somewhere00:16:44
they ate fish on the islands in Indonesia00:16:47
We lived in Africa and ate some roots there00:16:49
or there are [ __ ] nuts [ __ ] uh Well there you go00:16:52
what we eat, what we eat, this is a universal Neisha00:16:55
strategy Why we can live throughout00:16:57
planet that is, that is, if we00:16:59
arose I don't know from any there00:17:00
aardvark and would eat only ants00:17:03
Well, not far from everywhere we could be00:17:05
on the islands they couldn't there no00:17:06
ants Well, at least some00:17:09
Well, in large quantities, that's just00:17:11
somewhere in the shroud where the termites are ants00:17:12
in large quantities, well, I don’t know00:17:15
Kamchatka also has plenty of ants, and in some places00:17:17
there are few of them, but now we can, but00:17:20
It’s always worth remembering that we have00:17:22
There are actually limitations too00:17:24
for a long time we still didn't eat00:17:26
absolutely everything in a row, for example, we are very00:17:29
for a long time they almost ignored the fish, well00:17:33
ancient diet of fish, it is by the way in00:17:35
Israel discovers there is such00:17:36
Gesher Bino Yakov site there 780,000 years00:17:39
back and there they are, some locals there00:17:41
these perches were caught there by Karpov and then00:17:45
for a long long time too No one in particular there00:17:47
didn't worry about it because well, if you00:17:49
you live in the savannah and people walk past you00:17:51
herds of ungulates and a bunch of plants of all kinds00:17:53
why fish but it would be a hassle yes00:17:56
the scales there again, the bones are sharp Well, no00:17:58
I really need it, right there in this geshe00:18:00
fish Jacob they are the only Why00:18:01
caught that this was not the shore of the lake Well, in00:18:04
principle, this fish apparently splashed there00:18:06
it was just easy to get it underfoot00:18:08
near the shore, yes And most even when they00:18:10
they were sitting on the shore of something00:18:13
ignored yes since recent times there00:18:14
among Neanderthals, for example, sites where00:18:17
there are remains of fish, well, I don’t know on one00:18:19
I can literally count three pieces in my hand00:18:21
Well, there are four, maybe five there, very well00:18:23
Well, there's a little bit more in your pockets00:18:25
dreher montz00:18:28
those who have already sailed somewhere out there00:18:29
Oceania to some Timor or Buku00:18:32
there is something like that there they are already00:18:34
began to eat fish in full and00:18:35
even exclusively fish, although the ancestors00:18:38
in the trees Clearly she was never caught00:18:39
but we are so universal that we can00:18:41
so even octopuses there are anything but00:18:44
this is already in the later stages, there are types00:18:47
food we didn't eat00:18:48
almost never, well, something like that00:18:50
wood for example, well, basically00:18:52
the wood is edible, there are creatures that00:18:54
Are there some hares eating bark or there?00:18:56
there are deer feeding there, some kind of wasps there00:18:59
they eat some tree buds there00:19:01
We always ate the leaves, but the buds, well00:19:03
they're sticky, we didn't eat them, well practically00:19:05
never Well, everything else was enough00:19:08
Well, I think in some time of famine00:19:11
no Well, it’s clear that if everything is straight00:19:13
it’s bad to eat bark and kidneys if you’re hungry00:19:15
of course with the Hedgehog it's just anything but eat it00:19:19
you can’t Well, on an ongoing basis and so00:19:22
I don’t know some punishments there00:19:24
the bottom of primates was never by the way tra00:19:28
primates are quite hydrated Well, not so00:19:30
which is contraindicated but very exotic00:19:32
for primates, that is, herbivores00:19:34
occurred several times there are such00:19:36
bamboo lemurs in Madagascar here they are00:19:38
literally eat bamboo00:19:40
they slurp it so deliciously, we were there00:19:43
all sorts of fossils, several versions there00:19:45
any kind of hunger, including00:19:47
gigantic Well, modern gladness in00:19:49
Ethiopia So they eat grass and00:19:50
human beings are exceptions in this sense. We too00:19:52
pretty much herbivores well00:19:54
a grain of bread, yes, it's grass, but we00:19:57
ate in general Well, at least since the time00:19:59
Australopithecus when they came to the savannah00:20:01
there like 4 million years ago and they began there00:20:03
more or less how to eat this but on00:20:06
the first place came out only already in00:20:08
Neolithic when there was a producing economy00:20:10
Well, maybe a little earlier there kaya00:20:12
Tufi Xia culture is Middle Eastern00:20:14
when did they start collecting grains? Well, when00:20:16
everything else was eaten again as if from00:20:18
hopelessness because it's over00:20:20
normal there Gazelle tours doe Well00:20:22
let's do the grain to collect it00:20:24
it’s like in bulk and there’s desert all around00:20:26
In general, it’s as if there was a little special selection, but00:20:28
began to eat it uh Well, now we have bread00:20:30
everything comes to a head in an unexpected way, that is00:20:32
it's like a pretty exotic version00:20:34
and to put it mildly, not the most standard00:20:36
We also don’t have much roots either00:20:38
are meant to eat because well00:20:40
Primates are arboreal, like roots in00:20:42
on the ground right here it's the other way around but00:20:44
when we went out into the savannah they started saying something00:20:46
digging there and digging sticks all the work00:20:47
there are the same baboons or something there00:20:50
Even chimpanzees dig regularly00:20:51
who live in the forest and are roots00:20:53
they dig it up and now we have it there00:20:55
any potatoes at all00:20:56
By the way, it’s poisonous, if anything from there00:20:58
South America Yes, but nevertheless almost00:21:00
That's not the main food there in many places00:21:01
countries, well, there’s some kind of turnip00:21:03
rutabaga carrots what else is there?00:21:06
everything is also like roots. Well, there are roots00:21:08
root vegetables there it doesn’t matter tubers one way or another00:21:11
otherwise something underground00:21:13
and this is kind of non-standard for primates00:21:15
food but like starch it is starch00:21:17
So yes we can use it Well00:21:19
I actually ate something there before00:21:21
fruits are also starchy there00:21:23
basically So it’s also possible what you said00:21:26
about what they found in the parking lot there00:21:29
some fish bones but just too00:21:32
purely technical point How do I00:21:34
I understand that these are layers of soil and there you are00:21:37
find it, but it seems to me that the bones are fish00:21:39
so tender that they are well worth millions00:21:41
It's been years since it's already decomposed00:21:43
some kind of biological processing00:21:46
no no well, as we know fish bones00:21:50
from the end of the Cambrian period if anything00:21:53
Well, which is, to put it mildly, strong00:21:55
it was ancient and there are fish there in the Mesozoic00:21:57
Whenever00:21:58
Well, here 780,000 years is not even00:22:00
million That is, in principle, well, this is the bottom00:22:03
lakes and there is a shore of the lake so well there00:22:06
there aren't many of these bones, but they exist00:22:08
By the way, what’s cool about this is00:22:10
Geshe Yakov there are several plots there00:22:12
excavation there is a bottom that is just a bottom00:22:14
Wild things that are not related to humans and00:22:16
the bones are just intact there00:22:18
skeletons But exactly in that area00:22:20
which parking lot where the tools00:22:22
there are all sorts of things lying around there, those are the gills00:22:24
and heads That is, this is cutting fish00:22:27
Why do we know what they actually ate?00:22:28
so it’s clear that there’s fish in the lake00:22:30
it was found there and is found there now, but they00:22:32
they just cut up everything else somewhere00:22:34
They also ate there and apparently there are tails somewhere00:22:36
there is, but they didn’t find it. But here are the heads from00:22:38
gills Here they lie That's it00:22:40
so we know what it is00:22:41
active fishing Well, that is, for00:22:43
this does not require any special00:22:45
conditions so that here is a fish skeleton like this00:22:47
preserved No of course it is necessary therefore00:22:50
We actually have such finds00:22:51
count with your finger That is, we don’t have00:22:54
We only have fish bones, whatever00:22:56
Mega rare in fact is preserved00:22:57
in fact00:22:58
that is, well, if it weren’t so we00:23:00
just walked on the bones Well, here we are00:23:02
made from living organisms of the past Well00:23:05
here is our body Yes, these are the former00:23:08
are there any dinosaur trees? I don't00:23:10
I know there are people there, anyone, there are mushrooms, uh00:23:13
algae, that is, well, that’s all decomposers00:23:15
we decompose it there through three orders of magnitude00:23:17
that's all Let's pass on Yes And now we'll make ourselves00:23:19
Of these, 99.9 are there in the period about00:23:22
crumbles into dust and becomes00:23:24
something new that's why when we00:23:26
we find some fragments there00:23:29
it's like one in a billion maybe00:23:30
of what happened It’s clear and now00:23:32
specifically here Yes, they were cool00:23:34
the conditions are so wonderful00:23:36
Well, the place still needs to be found actually00:23:38
It’s actually okay to dig up, which is also helpful00:23:40
not a guarantee, but there are such things00:23:42
There aren't many places at all. Let's face it00:23:44
such sites with such antiquity, well there00:23:47
some dozens, let's say? So what?00:23:49
found such interesting food00:23:52
besides there is a bone of fish, what a god00:23:55
it hasn't even survived at all00:23:58
be sure to find the food itself, but you can00:24:00
find the person who ate this food Well00:24:02
here is my favorite example, woman MR 180800:24:06
from ko bifo This is in Kenya n 800 no less00:24:10
there one and a half million years ago00:24:12
This is the level of Tam Homa gaster man00:24:14
working Well, that is, he seems to already00:24:16
the man is so scary, these are still ancestors00:24:17
Pithecanthropus, in human terms00:24:19
talk and her whole skeleton is amazed00:24:22
perim And what is periostitis?00:24:24
overgrowth of the periosteum and all bones as00:24:26
such00:24:28
covered with a crust, well, like a candle when00:24:30
such [ __ ] is melting, that's all it is00:24:32
this is most likely from00:24:34
hypervitaminosis aa hypervitaminosis A00:24:37
you can get it either by eating again00:24:39
fish but in Kenya there in the middle of the savannah there00:24:41
where can I get it? Of course you can there00:24:43
there are walruses and polar bears, but also in00:24:45
Kenya is tense with this, you can00:24:47
theoretically the liver of a leopard, but there00:24:49
no one knows who will eat this liver00:24:51
and here is the most adequate option which00:24:53
there looms this honey with larvae00:24:56
because in bees it is the larvae00:24:58
contains some kind of transcendental00:24:59
amount of vitamin A And who eats honey00:25:02
with larvae there is a risk of developing00:25:03
periostitis is this hypert for and00:25:06
Apparently this woman leans on honey between00:25:09
among other things, modern African inhabitants in00:25:10
many areas and in South Africa00:25:12
Central and Eastern countries consume it00:25:15
honey in crazy quantities Well00:25:17
here are the pygmies in some seasons up to 80%00:25:20
calories come from honey and are generally weak00:25:22
I understand how you can eat 80% honey00:25:24
But they manage to do it by the way00:25:25
they complain that their bones hurt, well00:25:27
no one looked at their bones because they00:25:29
pygmies in Africa, as it were, who would go there00:25:30
got it from the doctors Well, the pygmies are still alive00:25:33
as if we don’t know what’s wrong with their bones00:25:35
Well, no one put them in the tomograph, but00:25:37
when they are already dying, as if again00:25:39
no one saw the skeletons, but for all00:25:42
signs this is it and this is still there00:25:44
one and a half Milne years ago there Milne 400 What00:25:47
something like this, there are others there00:25:50
another skull Well, almost the same00:25:52
the time there is a little older on the bottom00:25:55
jaws have a hole so wonderful00:25:58
which was initially mistaken for caries A00:25:59
then when we investigated I discovered that00:26:01
no, it’s not caries, it’s a consequence00:26:03
exposure to acidic unripe fruits there00:26:06
also most likely she loved a woman00:26:07
Fruits with sourness are like this00:26:10
unripe ones are still yellow00:26:11
even green ones with a side and here00:26:13
when you're so sour00:26:14
cool like uh Eco Gourmand Here she is00:26:17
I drilled a hole in myself with these acids00:26:19
it made her jaw hurt from00:26:22
she chewed this on the other side00:26:23
there are more jaws because it hurts00:26:25
if only this one would have caused her to get all twisted00:26:27
head and brains including distorted and00:26:29
She's such a good asymmetrical head00:26:31
Well, outwardly it was most likely not at all00:26:32
it wasn’t particularly visible, but it looked like skulls00:26:35
straight up It's great to see So that's it00:26:37
happens too00:26:38
[music]00:26:41
Yeah, who do paleontologists call the most00:26:45
Man's first ancestor and this is what he ate00:26:48
No, I don’t know, 65 million years ago or00:26:50
the very first ancestor is the first cell00:26:52
which appeared 4.5 billion years ago00:26:55
what I ate it was a long time ago Well00:26:58
no one knows, by the way there are two00:27:00
versions it was autotrophic or00:27:02
heterotrophic autotrophs are those that00:27:04
they can take non-organic matter and crypt from it00:27:07
organic matter And heterotrophic when we take00:27:09
ready-made organic matter and lay it out00:27:11
to other organics and accordingly How00:27:13
we consume there, oh well, that’s what it was like00:27:16
first We honestly don't know because00:27:19
autotrophically it is more complex, as if chemically00:27:22
but it’s kind of more profitable in principle, because00:27:24
what can you actually take from nothing?00:27:26
energy and heterotrophically it is simpler but for00:27:29
this must be some kind of organic matter00:27:31
and where would it come from if no one has it?00:27:33
synthesizes but in principle it can00:27:34
self-propelled without living organisms simply00:27:37
here in a natural way. And if you like00:27:40
suggest there 60 There 566 million years ago00:27:43
This is the beginning of the Cenozoic, this is purgatorius00:27:46
such an animal weighing 90 g maximum with00:27:48
brains less than 1 gma some little rat00:27:51
that this is not a baby rat, a rat is much more00:27:53
advanced here purgatorius strongly00:27:55
primitive, that is, outwardly it looks like00:27:57
Strictly speaking, a shrew is well sized00:28:00
Sonya somewhere. Yes, there are more mice there00:28:02
smaller than a rat but so spicy00:28:04
muzzle, well, there are jaws in principle00:28:06
and at the same time woody and at the same time the most00:28:09
the main thing is that he is an omnivore00:28:11
sharp lump for insects00:28:13
pierce By the way, we still have00:28:15
the digestive system contains enzymes00:28:17
for the digestion of chitin, that is, we are up to00:28:19
we can still eat less insects than00:28:21
some lemurs there have more00:28:22
copies of the Gene and we have fewer but there are00:28:25
By the way, also to the question of what this is in principle00:28:27
good food and now it's kind of like00:28:29
already and somehow it seems and not really Yes, but here I am00:28:31
and wanted to ask you why do you00:28:33
it seems that we have evolutionary now00:28:35
even disgust, well, disgust is00:28:37
purely culturally in Thailand they sell these00:28:39
some scorpions but this is entertainment00:28:42
This is entertainment for you and for the locals00:28:44
residents are often just eating food Well00:28:47
that's often the main thing there, well, scorpios00:28:49
Maybe they are there, but really not much00:28:50
massive and some kind of crickets or00:28:52
Locust when the Locust arrives00:28:55
it's not really a disaster because00:28:56
she will eat the harvest, it's a holiday on the contrary00:28:58
a lot of meat has arrived. It's great00:29:00
collect it in bags and eat it later00:29:02
joyfully here on the island lake I mean00:29:05
Tanganika in Tanzania uh there are uh tribes00:29:09
who make bread from Well, or I don't know00:29:11
sausages flatbreads what's there cutlets what's there00:29:14
can’t be called from midges, that is, there are such00:29:16
these little midges are flying over the lake Well00:29:19
they fly just like this in the fog00:29:21
thick and locals make mesh00:29:23
the hair is so thin and so thin00:29:26
the fliers seem to be waving in the air00:29:28
they just collect heaps of these same00:29:30
mosquitoes and bake cakes from them. So00:29:33
by the way, someone recently told me00:29:35
oh wonderful story, well, I wasn’t there00:29:37
I didn't eat this in this lake Well, by the way, I00:29:39
I tried it, it’s cool, but I’m not there00:29:41
got there but recently someone00:29:42
told how there was someone there00:29:45
Geological expedition or something00:29:48
that's the one who told me00:29:50
the girl she caught for fun00:29:52
mosquitoes because there were them there too Well00:29:54
somewhere we have a bunch of them in some tundra00:29:56
and made cutlets out of them, fried them and when00:30:00
they came from work, the hard worker, she told them00:30:03
I treated them there and happily devoured them00:30:04
they said it’s great, it’s absolutely delicious where00:30:07
you actually took this there in the middle00:30:09
that's nothing Yes, but she's there at the beginning00:30:11
their00:30:15
additional so far Here But it is so00:30:20
it is possible and in principle we are capable of it00:30:22
digest but returning to purgatorius00:30:23
he has a flat tooth on the back side00:30:26
Pover for crushing some already00:30:29
fruits from all the then mammals00:30:31
they were the most omnivorous, that is, at the same time00:30:33
there were times when there were much more insectivores00:30:35
much more herbivorous But these00:30:37
ate everything in a row and that’s actually still the case00:30:39
since we have here Well, basically here00:30:42
then there was a little more00:30:43
insectivorous for a while afterwards00:30:45
Fruit poison Nastya Well, here it is back and forth00:30:47
hesitated but from the very beginning we already00:30:49
were omnivores. How can you handle them?00:30:52
to the skeleton You are reading this, that he is here00:30:54
meat ate grass here and here fruits00:30:56
him Loki's teeth Well, there are a lot of ways to00:30:59
in fact the first way is Form00:31:02
the teeth and jaws themselves in insectivores00:31:05
they usually have an elongated muzzle Well00:31:07
because the jaw is tweezers to00:31:09
catch insects and there in front there are such00:31:11
elongated teeth will be sharp tufts00:31:13
quite sharp and on the molars molars00:31:15
sharp tubercles too, well for piercing00:31:17
chitin This is just external00:31:19
morphology is just with the eye You can already see00:31:22
as if you can’t even make a mistake there in general00:31:23
the next level especially means00:31:25
look at micro-damage to the enamel00:31:27
because depending on who is what00:31:29
She eats the enamel on her teeth in different ways00:31:31
wears out in different ways gets damaged Well00:31:34
insects have chitin sculpting00:31:36
such pimples Well, if there is a microscope00:31:37
look And generally quite tough on00:31:39
in fact it turns out like this00:31:41
characteristic grooves on the enamel of teeth Well00:31:43
especially since the teeth are really tiny00:31:44
Well, there's this little animal, she's all here00:31:46
like this and if these are any plants00:31:48
there are also some furrows there00:31:50
seeds for example yes but they are different uh different00:31:53
depth Well, because it’s like00:31:54
plant parts are not like hithi00:31:57
obviously if it's some kind of resin00:31:59
there won't be any boros at all00:32:01
of course it’s practically liquid Yes00:32:03
there's something else about the leaves and00:32:05
with such wear and tear it is possible00:32:07
do isotope analysis, that is, in00:32:09
depending on what we eat in00:32:11
different isotopes accumulate in the body00:32:13
By the way, different microelements and00:32:16
surprise this ratio it's millions00:32:18
it can be stored for years, that is, you can do it this way00:32:20
see what they ate do00:32:21
foot analysis This is a lot for some already00:32:23
made a variety of animals Well, usually00:32:26
let's say we have ungulates. Well, we're talking about them00:32:28
we guess well enough Yes00:32:29
something there or they are ungulates00:32:31
we have a predator, well, one hundred percent00:32:33
Predator we do isotope analyzes for them00:32:35
see what's going on there and then do it there00:32:37
some ancient person or00:32:39
there this purgatorius doesn’t matter00:32:40
look where it is on the graph00:32:42
distributed here, well, usually it’s somewhere in00:32:44
in the middle which is characteristically distributed00:32:46
Here’s how it’s possible. Yes, there’s more00:32:49
options for tartar Well, this is00:32:52
true for such ancients as Purgatorius00:32:54
doesn’t work, or rather no one has done it00:32:56
you can eat too, no one did it, but for00:32:58
modern ones are more or less there00:32:59
Neanderthals humans already have tartar00:33:02
Firstly, all sorts of things accumulate in it00:33:04
particles of what we ate just under00:33:06
You can look at the phytolith with a microscope00:33:09
Here are microparticles of plants Well, petrified00:33:11
cells actually Yes, or not even00:33:14
they were petrified from the very beginning there00:33:15
mineral as if there are elements e or00:33:18
some hairs, pieces of feathers00:33:21
mushroom spores there, smoke from the fire there00:33:25
only were not actually found in these00:33:26
teeth there is such a list there for two00:33:29
Neanderthals eat scales from a moth's wing00:33:31
for example, they wanted some kind of butterfly00:33:34
there are also such jokes and00:33:37
quite so technologically00:33:38
the advanced version is the same00:33:40
analyze tartar for DNA Well00:33:43
this is true only in later times00:33:45
it's working It's already there, it's late00:33:46
Neanderthal Sans Well because DNA is a deadline00:33:49
has little shelf life but is possible00:33:51
see what they ate there00:33:53
specifically animals here or there friend00:33:55
friend as an option here and there too but00:33:57
a lot of interesting things, by the way00:33:59
it’s always indicative of what’s in these00:34:01
there is something in the teeth and something that isn’t there sometimes happens00:34:03
so the absence of something is much greater00:34:05
actually more interesting like this00:34:07
Neanderthals from Els Drona who have00:34:09
Well, they are Neanderthals by definition00:34:12
you're supposed to eat some kind of meat, but they have00:34:14
in the teeth Well, specifically these ones didn’t have00:34:16
DNA of no ungulates at all in00:34:19
principle of mammals That is there00:34:21
that there wasn't something there00:34:22
poplar wood or willow wood or something00:34:24
there is some kind of controversy there again00:34:26
there are mushrooms and fly agaric by the way00:34:28
but this didn’t happen. Here they are, by the way, bark00:34:32
they were just chewing something, apparently from00:34:33
hunger As an option because00:34:35
Apparently they were starving, so they didn’t have00:34:37
as if in nutrition Some amount00:34:38
time for meat and apparently quite a lot00:34:41
for a long time in tartar not even00:34:42
Well, in the end it was discovered00:34:45
It was natural that they themselves were eaten00:34:47
because the neighbors apparently had exactly00:34:49
same problems Well, we're not neighbors00:34:51
they found it dumped somewhere00:34:53
they still died, but they ate these and went into a hole there00:34:56
left00:34:57
So we talked about the period there00:35:00
omnivorousness and00:35:02
insect when was it specifically00:35:06
herbivorous period what are the ancestors00:35:08
person exclusively here Well me00:35:10
it seems this is the simplest thing you live00:35:12
so if you don’t do anything in the shroud00:35:14
you don't have to run after any buffalo00:35:16
you pick a leaf and you give it to me Well, that’s it00:35:18
it was very close to the bison, that is, from00:35:21
insectivorous specific plant poison00:35:23
switched somewhere between 45 and 4 ml years ago00:35:27
when we started getting bigger00:35:30
Well, when the animal is big and weighs there00:35:32
more than half a kilogram at least for her00:35:34
it's hard to be an insectivore because well00:35:36
where would he get so many insects? Well00:35:37
there are sometimes all sorts of anteaters and00:35:39
so on, yes, but primacy in the trees there00:35:40
they can't catch so many insects and so00:35:43
they're tough there Why you want It's obvious that00:35:45
they become herbivores and so00:35:48
there, well, from 40 million LT per piece, as it were00:35:50
and further somewhere up to about 2 C5 million00:35:54
years ago That is, this is a huge period00:35:55
time from there 40 to 2 and a half00:35:58
when they ate Read only Plants, well00:36:02
in different types of fruits, mostly ours00:36:04
at least the ancestors there are Primates00:36:05
there are different ones, but our ancestors here are the fruits00:36:07
Well, listen to the leaves in some form But00:36:09
they didn't start eating meat00:36:11
Ice Age early It's somehow00:36:14
due to the fact that a weapon appeared there00:36:18
than to kill or butcher or even earlier00:36:22
well, the ice age is just that00:36:23
understand This actually just happened Well00:36:26
Let's face it, we're living in the Ice Age00:36:28
so if anything he is now Glacier00:36:30
well, because if there are polar00:36:32
hats in general, in principle, seem to be00:36:33
Measures of zloty we have there for half the planet Well00:36:35
this is what he is00:36:36
Glacial And how are they tools and how meaty are they?00:36:40
interconnected But it's much more00:36:42
ancient history is 2 s to approximately00:36:44
million years ago Well, more precisely 2,600,00000:36:47
years ago when our ancestors were just00:36:49
entered into intense competition with00:36:51
giant povna and all sorts of things00:36:53
There were plenty of other ungulates there00:36:55
new rodents appeared00:36:56
and we seemed to be defeated from this00:36:59
ecological niche of these00:37:00
herbivores as if there were herbivores00:37:02
supplanted and even more so due to seasonality00:37:04
approached the climate Well, in short, in general00:37:06
it became sad over there00:37:08
aridization in the sense of you00:37:10
repressed, this is how to understand it, well, that’s how it is00:37:12
how would they win, that is, they are better00:37:14
be fruitful they would better consume less for us00:37:16
it was just children who were hungry00:37:19
dead, well, there were actually two00:37:21
solutions one solution - it appeared00:37:23
paranthropus who switched to food00:37:24
also plants, but somehow00:37:26
xo some kind of sedge is edible00:37:28
which no one eats at all, so00:37:30
one and a half million years from dancing very much00:37:31
good, but they went to such lengths00:37:33
super vegetarian looking for a million years00:37:35
ago they became extinct, this is the question about00:37:37
supervent and they seem to have brains too00:37:39
they were not so-so there. And the second option00:37:42
this is actually Khoma who are the people00:37:44
appeared and began to eat meat because00:37:47
this time Well for the same reasons00:37:49
large ungulates are dying out and00:37:52
large predators are dying out and large ones00:37:54
the little ones disappeared as if they had nothing to do with it00:37:55
Kan Da a medium size class00:37:58
predators he seems to free up the moment well00:38:01
because there is competition from00:38:02
big ones disappeared and us from00:38:04
herbivores are being replaced by all these00:38:06
some kind of rodents, gazelles, and what about here?00:38:09
would be released and so we went there and00:38:12
began to consume meat and immediately began00:38:14
use a tool and that's it00:38:15
actually they appear synchronously00:38:17
bones with traces of tools there, broken00:38:19
sliced and the actual guns themselves. Well,00:38:22
there are guns of two main types, as it were00:38:24
Functionally, these are either healthy00:38:26
cobblestones to break the bone to00:38:27
bone marrow extract or brain00:38:30
Well, because it's pure fat. It's the same00:38:32
it’s just a holiday, no one has anything to do with it00:38:33
I can’t add, but there’s also a hyena00:38:35
something healthy00:38:39
you can chew them up and get them, and there are all these elephants00:38:43
the ancients are there in association with00:38:45
tools found everyone without a head, that is00:38:47
The tusks lie, the teeth lie, and the brain00:38:50
there is no box, everything is broken into dust00:38:52
4 kilos of brains because the second one00:38:54
version of the tools - this is with a cutting edge00:38:56
with which they began to cut the meat and here on00:38:58
bones with cuts there and cuts into00:39:01
bones are different from tooth marks00:39:04
predators and in form, as it were, and in00:39:06
location there are only predators00:39:08
are gnawing And others have chopped, here we are00:39:10
in our own way as if we were used00:39:11
actively hunted, including Well, sometimes00:39:13
and carrion also consumed examples of this00:39:14
too full, well, in short, we ate everything00:39:17
again, but meat has just become part of the diet00:39:19
so strong So what did you eat during00:39:21
Ice Age sun still00:39:25
for le period the sun sat in the same00:39:28
Africa and there They ate everything perfectly00:39:31
in a row and plants and just about anything00:39:34
Africa is rich, there's a lot of choice00:39:36
Moreover, this is not modern Africa00:39:37
those of that time are now already so victorious00:39:40
because there are just a lot of people and then00:39:42
the population density is lower and everything was00:39:43
great but if we talk about those who00:39:45
they came out of Africa on their own, as it were00:39:47
place and went somewhere there in Eurasia00:39:50
ate yes Mainly meat and Neanderthals00:39:52
which seem to be not quite us and00:39:54
Cro-Magnons Judging by the isotope00:39:57
ate almost exclusively meat00:39:59
yes, if you draw graphs there, nitrogen00:40:00
let's say some kind of carbon, well00:40:03
it’s better to spread nitrogen there with one00:40:05
the sides always look like ungulates00:40:06
animals, by the way, bears are there too00:40:08
always get in because they are also in00:40:09
They mainly eat plants later00:40:11
some hyenas then upstairs00:40:13
lions who have nothing at all but meat00:40:15
It’s scary and above Lviv there are Neanderthals00:40:18
and kormán that is, they are darker than00:40:21
lions Well, you can be a Leo if you eat00:40:24
Lviv for example00:40:26
Well, apparently that’s what they literally did00:40:28
there was just an article right there00:40:30
a week or so ago when they found it00:40:31
another lion killed there and so on00:40:33
I’ll beautifully pierce him right through with a spear00:40:35
right there somehow it hit him from behind00:40:37
Neanderthals just gobbled it up and00:40:40
Well, this is one of the finds, it’s just that00:40:42
just happened And basically like this00:40:43
were known before. They ate meat, well.00:40:45
because there is no choice in the tundra00:40:47
not rich Moreover, this is not Tundra, but there00:40:48
peregrina steppe near Glacier where00:40:51
very dry, a lot of grass and something to eat00:40:54
there's nothing special there Well, well, the grass is like that00:40:56
so inactive absolutely sedge there00:40:57
some kind of these cereals Well, there it is00:41:00
not some kind of purebred wheat, but00:41:02
some kind of nonsense there, that's it00:41:05
ate mostly meat00:41:08
Here are the rubble of Bones in the parking lots Well there00:41:11
thank God archeology already has them00:41:13
there are simply endless mountains there00:41:15
these bones are sometimes there for kilometers00:41:18
stretch Well, like in the bones there in00:41:20
some I don’t know I wanted my favorite00:41:21
second uh there anywhere there in the valleys00:41:24
the capital there is generally 5 km away like this00:41:26
condition there in Salute there Well, many places00:41:29
there are such things, but we did not become famous00:41:31
god specialized predators00:41:32
because before that we still00:41:33
herbivores were here and the plants00:41:35
consumed because for some reason00:41:36
the amount of Eh was still natural00:41:37
and it still exists, but for meat00:41:39
after all00:41:43
lightly immediately ran and there is culture00:41:45
began to develop but still00:41:47
it becomes impossible on the other hand we00:41:49
we know that the same, for example, chimpanzees with00:41:51
case they hunt and catch all sorts of duques there00:41:53
these are small antelopes there are cubs00:41:55
some kind of monkey Panov is still there00:41:57
something like that Well, here's each other00:41:59
by the way they eat regularly00:42:01
and there colobus fa nelot is very active Well00:42:04
These are monkeys too00:42:06
and they do it on purpose00:42:09
that's what's cool, by the way, they're at00:42:10
This meat is shared with this plant food00:42:12
never shares but meat is shared but according to00:42:15
we won’t see it in any way for the chimpanzees themselves, and00:42:17
moreover, by the bones they are there00:42:19
who did they eat? We won't see it either00:42:21
no way because they are not predatory00:42:23
and they don't gnaw bones they don't gnaw them00:42:26
So if we find the skeleton of this00:42:27
some kind of warthog I don't know00:42:29
who did they eat, uh, on the bones00:42:31
there will be no gnawing or splits00:42:34
they don’t use anything and they don’t use any tools00:42:36
there is no way to break it with stones00:42:38
and their teeth are purely herbivorous, but00:42:40
They don't eat there much every day00:42:42
meat there, well, I don’t know there per month00:42:44
let's say that's why when we see00:42:47
some ancient one00:42:48
Australopithecus and we see that the dental00:42:50
his system is plant-poisonous00:42:51
there are no signs of gnawing on the bones00:42:53
there's nothing, it doesn't mean anything00:42:55
this means that they can easily00:42:56
they could eat, but they just rarely did it00:42:59
Well, modern baboons are the same00:43:01
baboon, strictly speaking00:43:02
herbivorous animal and can do everything00:43:03
life eat plants Well, chimpanzees00:43:05
same thing But anyway00:43:08
They hunt quite vigorously. And what does it have to do with it anyway?00:43:10
collectively, too, what kind of antelopes are there00:43:11
they tear with their hands, they just tear them with their teeth, they don’t00:43:13
their teeth are gnawed by herbivores00:43:15
they just tear it apart with their hands like this00:43:17
cut in half and eat the meat, that's all the rest00:43:20
they throw it in and then the bones are clean00:43:21
little white ones lie down, listen, why sun00:43:24
most mammals eat00:43:26
grass big animals It would seem that00:43:28
If only they had meat and a lot of meat to eat00:43:31
you need to somehow fill up on whatever grass you are00:43:33
nae purely mathematically because to00:43:36
to eat meat you need to have it This is meat00:43:38
these plant poisons are what they are, well00:43:40
where would it come from on its own without00:43:42
animals, well, and moreover, actually00:43:44
in fact, herbivores are ungulates00:43:45
to be honest they are actually animals00:43:48
predatory animals, they're pretending00:43:50
herbivores Well, let's say a cow, yes00:43:52
the most banal animal she eats grass00:43:55
There's this grass in her stomach00:43:57
processed by bacteria Well, there in00:43:59
intestines then the same thing and it turns out00:44:02
there are many, many bacteria on the food and grass00:44:05
the cow eats these bacteria, she doesn't00:44:08
eats grass The cow itself does not have00:44:10
enzymes for digesting grass00:44:12
there's this four-chamber cunning nay00:44:14
stomach back and forth she's still there00:44:15
burps back swallows That's it00:44:18
exit She feeds on bacteria Wow00:44:20
like any vegetarian until then00:44:22
vegetarian as long as the light is on and00:44:24
everyone looks at him and the sausage and as soon as00:44:26
we turn off the switch and a little00:44:28
turn away then turn on again bam00:44:30
There's no more sausage for the gorina, here we have it00:44:33
the cow is from the same series, that is, She00:44:34
all so peaceful, as if yes, what if you take00:44:37
I don’t know any northern one00:44:38
deer is also a terrible beast00:44:40
eats lemingov there. How much do birds cost there in vain?00:44:42
some chicks eggs that is all00:44:44
what is there bones gnawing meat if there00:44:46
dead deer will lie around His others00:44:48
deer will eat only this way, although he has00:44:50
dental system Also completely plant-based00:44:51
poisonous, of course, and digestive00:44:53
the system seems to be a plant poison, but it00:44:56
needs calcium, here it is. Yes, he eats meat. Just00:44:58
who will give it to him? But when he finds it00:45:01
it will be easy to eat but clean00:45:02
mathematically you need to eat meat00:45:04
so that there is this meat that is someone00:45:05
must produce this meat00:45:07
plant poison itself00:45:08
produces this pure mathematics Well I00:45:10
I understand correctly that the invention of a weapon00:45:13
we don't care This one is in the foreground00:45:15
the food chain was not thrown out, that is, we00:45:17
anyway the Predator attacks there I don’t know00:45:20
to some Doe and that's what from00:45:22
this doe after there tiger or lion00:45:24
left we already finished eating sometimes it was like that00:45:27
there are such examples, that is, we did not go00:45:29
we haven’t killed ourselves yet, that all the spoils are ours00:45:32
No not really like that sometimes we were00:45:34
indeed the scavenger is the brightest00:45:35
example in Kobe Fora there is this00:45:37
location in Kenya and there is a skeleton00:45:39
a hippopotamus that was chewed up by lions and then00:45:42
people came and what was left after Lviv00:45:44
cut up and devoured this carrion00:45:46
quality in its purest form And where there are people00:45:48
the first ones consumed and, moreover, bones from00:45:51
traces of tools they belong to others00:45:53
age and size classes of animals00:45:56
than those with marks of teeth00:45:58
we hunted other animals than00:46:00
here are predators with different frequencies, as it were00:46:03
well, there are lions there, a little bit at a time00:46:05
they hunt, yes, there are leopards in their own way, and we00:46:07
in its own way, well, what are these choices?00:46:09
due to the big question Honestly00:46:11
speaking because well, about modern00:46:13
You can still guess Lviv, yes, well, lions00:46:15
there, to be honest, they catch everything00:46:17
people here's how they hunted there specifically00:46:19
We honestly don't know, well here we go00:46:20
they hunted antelopes there Well, they ate everything00:46:22
in a row there is a skeleton there from hedgehogs00:46:24
Zhika is close to the elephants, that’s all, well00:46:28
a hedgehog's jaw was found there with cuts from00:46:30
so characteristic there is an article00:46:32
beautiful and he has skin or But00:46:34
was Yes cool with Tatyana this topic Where00:46:37
Well, this is literally half a page and there00:46:39
two brilliant conclusions: what is the first?00:46:42
after all, there were apparently Brave Hunters00:46:44
on hedgehogs because well imagine00:46:45
the carrion ride is somehow quite sad00:46:47
it means it was an active hunt and the second00:46:50
the conclusion is what is before you gobble it up00:46:52
they took the hedgehog's skin off and guessed it00:46:55
Here00:46:56
Wow, well, because there instead A00:46:58
so the cooking went well, yes, but still like that00:47:01
as if this is cutting and not cooking00:47:03
cooking cooking by the way much later00:47:05
cooking went on for about 400,000 years00:47:07
back and later when the fire began00:47:09
It’s ok to use this at the beginning00:47:11
and managed without fire quite well00:47:13
about00:47:16
fell means about how much they fell00:47:19
I don't know if this can be understood at all00:47:22
scientists According to excavations, but were they poisoned?00:47:25
firstly, have they already eaten animal carcasses?00:47:28
Well, we have no resistance to corpse poison00:47:31
Well, it seems like there are some northern ones there00:47:32
the people there eat some kind of kopalchen00:47:34
and somehow resistance is developed there00:47:36
But this is true if you try really hard.00:47:39
so no, we are not scavengers after all00:47:40
on average, that is, we could eat this one Yes00:47:42
there's some kind of lying down there, well, but here00:47:45
It’s always worth remembering that in Africa there is carrion00:47:48
- it's not scary, it didn't fall in ours00:47:50
understanding because in African00:47:52
Savannah if someone died after 2 hours00:47:54
nothing will come from him because it’s right there00:47:56
a cloud of Marabou vultures will arrive00:47:58
Prisco there hyenas will come running 100% and in 200:48:02
there probably won't be an hour left of her00:48:03
nothing Well, there is skin and bones, yes00:48:06
Here it is. It will stink there for a long time.00:48:08
Of course there's some digging there, but it's all the same00:48:11
not edible that's why carrion in Africa00:48:14
It's most likely within two hours00:48:16
That is, if you look into your00:48:18
refrigerator, I guarantee that you have00:48:20
much more carrion than in African00:48:22
Sava there GTO ateko right here anyway00:48:26
you're probably sitting somewhere in a studio there Yes00:48:28
so we hardly made it to the refrigerator00:48:30
there with meat and there And there in the freezer it00:48:33
frozen beans already How many le Well00:48:35
It’s like it’s completely tinny. So00:48:37
that as if Carrion is not in Africa00:48:40
It’s scary it’ll just go out as if00:48:42
unless the hyenas find her by some miracle00:48:43
but it will just go rotten because00:48:45
It’s kind of hot and even more so there’s humidity00:48:46
was bigger than now Well that's why00:48:48
there seems to be no chance. Or you eat fresh00:48:50
the meat there is first fresh according to the classics, everything00:48:52
according to Bulgakov Well, either it’s no longer00:48:55
first freshness then you are not close00:48:56
come up to her and you can somehow00:48:59
generally understand that man is ancient00:49:01
a person died from poisoning for example no00:49:03
we won’t understand this because00:49:05
it doesn't affect the bones at all00:49:08
there is, we see a kind of skeleton. Why is he00:49:11
died if it's some kind of mechanical00:49:13
there are jokes Well, the leopard bit him to death00:49:15
there will be holes from the teeth, let's say yeah00:49:17
or someone there, well, if at later00:49:19
stages, someone hit him with a spear there00:49:20
there's a hole in his vertebrae, like Sung's00:49:23
let's say But these are the kind of things there00:49:26
Well, sometimes it’s because of illness. You can see what it’s like there00:49:28
there is a serious long illness there, but it is there00:49:30
the time of the Neanderthals only if not Well00:49:33
maybe they'll invent something else00:49:35
there's a clever way here, but it's simple00:49:38
the bones retain some00:49:40
long-term events but they are bones00:49:42
quite inert, like bone00:49:45
bone mass It’s bone mass and it doesn’t quickly00:49:49
it's changing so there's something there00:49:51
chronic processes and poisoning is00:49:53
the process is too fast, that is, what is there00:49:55
I ate it 2 hours later in a coffin and on00:49:58
bones it simply won’t be reflected there and00:49:59
nothing is rushing, that is, maybe00:50:02
then some analysis with a scraper00:50:04
some kind of soil there But if it's me00:50:06
I don’t know, at least 5,000 years have passed there00:50:08
so many times already with soil waters everything00:50:10
washed it back and forth. What if it’s there five00:50:12
the stone is already lying there and00:50:14
not a bone Well that's it Well maybe00:50:16
some technology will appear We are talking about00:50:18
DNA, you also thought it was impossible And in general00:50:20
there wasn't even a thought there at all00:50:21
it turns out Yes, but he is already this pub00:50:24
joyful runs with the Nobel Prize00:50:25
happy happy Tell me not with00:50:27
Is this related to the fact that our ancestors00:50:30
finally began to move from Africa00:50:32
here with the picture you gave me00:50:34
described that in 2 hours it’s all fast00:50:36
eaten nothing left What a shortage00:50:38
food and we need to move to where00:50:41
smaller than everyone else and you see more food there00:50:44
no Well, how is this, in principle, the basis of migration00:50:48
any what if everything here has already been eaten? But00:50:51
there is something else there Well, it’s clear that’s all00:50:52
they'll run there, it's like it's for everyone00:50:55
animals work it even for plants00:50:57
this works if the soil here is depleted00:50:59
But it’s all the more curious that people like00:51:03
since they haven’t migrated anywhere for a very long time then00:51:05
there are literally such people who turned out to be from00:51:07
all African creatures Well, not all there00:51:09
but most are the slowest and00:51:11
Homebody by us Even I don't know the aardvarks00:51:13
who are there anyway? That's such a pig on00:51:15
legs Yes, he barely crawls and eats ants00:51:17
and then they lived all over Eurasia, they were there00:51:19
in Ukraine found somewhere there in00:51:21
Kazakhstan, and people for the time being00:51:25
didn’t migrate anywhere, but sat in this00:51:26
By the way, other Primates in our Africa00:51:28
moved around, but people sat until00:51:30
the last most ancient people for00:51:32
outside of Africa it is 2.400.000 years00:51:36
back Well, almost 2.5 there if there with00:51:38
in fractions00:51:39
and this is Vartaniya and then it’s basically there00:51:42
Jordan Yes, Africa is there, it’s all nearby00:51:44
located Well, 1,800 - this is in Georgia in00:51:47
Dmanisi Well, it’s like the first ones got out A00:51:50
before that there were already zebras and antelopes and00:51:53
all sorts of pigs and giraffes00:51:55
anyone there baboons ostriches elephants00:51:58
there were rhinoceroses and buffaloes running back and forth00:52:01
there are as many hyenas as you can fit, that is, us00:52:03
uniquely motionless were but somewhere00:52:05
right from one and a half million years ago00:52:07
it broke, we grew long legs and00:52:09
they started running uh Well, there’s food here anyway00:52:11
strictly speaking, nothing to do with it, that is how00:52:14
If only there was 100% enough food there, well, basically00:52:17
fauna, say, in Africa somewhere00:52:19
In India it is there according to the main indicators00:52:21
all the same well at that time00:52:22
at least it was and still is very similar00:52:23
in fact, this is the Middle East, well00:52:26
right there from the same Israel Yes there00:52:28
some Arabia to India Well now00:52:30
all this is such a dry strip and there00:52:32
was quite rich at the time, well00:52:33
humidity was higher temperature was warmer00:52:36
and it was good there, there was a lot of stuff00:52:38
the animals were grazing Well, that's why it was possible00:52:40
It’s quite possible to pass, but everyone has passed00:52:42
except people, and people haven't been around for a long time00:52:44
we went through this, this is a phenomenon, this is00:52:45
amazingly straight we went up two00:52:48
legs connections with what to get food00:52:51
faster or were there other reasons? Well there00:52:54
There were many reasons. As usual, there was00:52:56
two main points, firstly, we are still00:52:59
trees, strictly speaking, stood on two00:53:00
legs to walk on thick branches Well00:53:02
when the trees started to shrink00:53:04
Yes, there are thin branches that no longer hold us.00:53:07
we already weigh 30 kilograms there and we need to00:53:10
walk along these branches Well, more or less00:53:12
still thick, holding on to everything with his hands00:53:14
what is there and what happens is the so-called00:53:16
vertical climbing is so specific00:53:18
option e walking on branches Well00:53:20
chimpanzees now have such a thing, in principle, well00:53:22
only they have it there to a greater extent00:53:23
expressed even And it was like that among us00:53:25
and then we became the second moment00:53:28
get down to the ground as much as possible00:53:29
quickly climb back up the tree00:53:31
the number of trees is decreasing we00:53:34
we still only eat in the trees there00:53:36
for example, Ardipithecus there00:53:37
they did the political science analysis00:53:39
ate only on trees, nothing at all00:53:41
they didn't even touch the savannah and00:53:43
they wanted to give a damn, but they were already between the trees00:53:46
there are some clearings and you need to cross them00:53:49
and here is this adaptation in the form00:53:51
does not allow vertical climbing00:53:53
turn back on all fours00:53:55
generally in a shroud there on top of the grass00:53:56
It’s still more pleasant to watch there00:53:58
track the predator and they are waiting there right there00:54:00
When you get out of the tree and need to like00:54:02
you can quickly jump to the next one00:54:03
tree and there’s no way to climb back sooner00:54:05
food and not to become food as well00:54:08
yes, that is, it had nothing to do with food00:54:10
and then it indirectly turned out that yes00:54:12
with your hands you can also do something in the shroud00:54:14
Well, basically, they collect it with their hands00:54:16
monkeys are tearing in the trees Quite imaginable00:54:18
Well, that is, they also even collect by hand00:54:20
lemurs use their hands Well, if they have one00:54:22
chains and paws, so don’t take them there00:54:24
all sorts of objects, even rats jerking00:54:40
they take us when the fire appeared00:54:45
advanced the chain that we can00:54:49
we need to cook less because00:54:51
this meat No, well, we were predators00:54:54
already so omnivorous before this00:54:56
predators, yes, that is, we are 2 milna with00:54:58
half began to eat meat back and fire00:55:02
the first traces 1,600,000 years ago but their00:55:05
very few and massive ones somewhere around00:55:07
400,000 years ago and we’re nowhere in particular00:55:10
Not00:55:16
progressed, of course, but compared to others00:55:18
By the way, we have quite a few mammals00:55:19
low metabolism I must say And here’s how00:55:22
it would be great if you could be a part of this00:55:24
metabolism in general put on fire00:55:26
he seems to have already prepared the food, and we are already with00:55:29
broken molecular food bonds00:55:31
we consume and we need to chew less00:55:33
digest less and throughout00:55:35
for the next 300,000 years we have00:55:38
Jaws and stomachs decrease with00:55:40
the intestines can be seen in the chest00:55:43
which tapers to the pelvic bones00:55:44
which narrow, that is, well, well00:55:47
it's as if you can see the faces at all. Great00:55:48
because well, a jaw with teeth is00:55:49
the main thing is that we find in general and here00:55:52
300,000 years ago 400,000 years ago we00:55:54
they were still quite scary, well00:55:56
because the fire is just here00:55:57
started to use it normally and it is still00:55:59
couldn’t have much impact, but somewhere00:56:01
already by 100,000 years ago or there00:56:03
At fifty we are already almost like this00:56:05
now they are so straight decent00:56:08
steel, that is, it took, as it were,00:56:11
such a long gap00:56:12
time is good So I don’t know about Harari00:56:15
how do you feel about him? I read that00:56:18
the fire was not originally meant to be00:56:21
cook your own food like primitives here00:56:24
these burned the forest and survived that's all00:56:27
You're already burned Dead animal00:56:30
maybe not, well, Harry came up with this strictly00:56:32
speaking to Harari, it’s as if he didn’t00:56:35
an anthropologist and not an archaeologist, but to what extent00:56:38
I know he is a medievalist, he is a specialist00:56:40
about the Middle Ages That's why these are his00:56:42
there are fabrications, well they are in places00:56:44
more or less seems to hit the mark but00:56:46
about burning burning Of course because00:56:49
ethnographically this is the burning of the savannah00:56:51
we see Wherever people lived, there was someone00:56:54
burned something out here, Australian ones00:56:56
aborigines and I don’t know Indians there00:56:57
some Yes, and there are all and sundry00:56:59
Well, the Eskimos may not have set the ice on fire there, but00:57:01
because it doesn’t burn And that’s all00:57:04
Everything is yes Everything was burning something Here But this is yes And00:57:07
even chimpanzee monkeys in Uganda in the same00:57:10
Yes, in gombe they use it00:57:13
self-propelled fires for food00:57:15
there is some kind of lightning there00:57:16
will knock Yes there she is there regularly something00:57:18
lights up by itself There's just no00:57:20
any effort and the chimpanzees follow00:57:22
line of fire and collect fried drains Well00:57:25
there are some, I don’t know, these voles there00:57:27
there and burnt, here they are there00:57:29
collect and eat But apparently ancient00:57:32
people did about the same thing at first and00:57:35
We have layers like this in some places00:57:37
sols e nuno the most famous is in00:57:40
Toral has such a location in00:57:42
Spain uh Where uh river bank and there uh00:57:48
layers of silt alternate with layers00:57:50
ashes and there are quite a lot of them and00:57:52
there are a lot of animal bones and there are00:57:54
such a concept that they created fires00:57:57
some kind of grass coastal animals00:57:59
that means they ran and knitted in Tini and the people00:58:01
sat on top, ate it all joyfully and00:58:03
more than once there are whole bones there00:58:05
the mountains lie Well literally right there00:58:06
in layers they lie there and00:58:08
elephants there, just anyone, some deer there00:58:11
And there is also Taraba nearby00:58:12
ambro and two rice are still there first second00:58:15
Here But ambro she is there Podrevsky00:58:18
[music]00:58:24
when we can't be sure00:58:26
people set it on fire or it caught fire on its own00:58:28
Well, I was there in Spain after all00:58:31
quite humid climate so that it itself00:58:32
it caught fire, it’s not Africa after all00:58:34
there are self-propelled fires, they are also of course00:58:36
there are yes nuno after all There are too many00:58:38
a lot And here in one place in others00:58:39
there is no such thing in some places, but from some00:58:41
moment people even overdo it too00:58:43
not long ago there was an article about Malawi there00:58:45
very cool traced different as if00:58:48
Places there along some river valley00:58:50
local and the disappearance was traced00:58:53
local forests because of just these00:58:55
targeted burning and this is not00:58:56
that there is some kind of Neolithic00:58:58
later And these are just like that00:59:00
specifically the Stone Age Well, there are some00:59:01
hundreds of thousands of years, well there throughout00:59:03
for a long time this did not happen there00:59:04
one sitting and the number of scaffoldings straight00:59:06
specifically reduced and sol00:59:09
raw directional burning of forests and now00:59:12
Maybe just for hunting because00:59:14
these are definitely not farmers even there yet00:59:15
there was no agriculture nearby yet00:59:17
Well, most likely for hunting. Why else?00:59:20
and it itself wouldn’t burn like that in00:59:22
such a quantity after all00:59:25
Well, because if there is a concept, then what?00:59:26
I wouldn't use these same ones00:59:28
primitive people They are also ecological00:59:31
had no thinking at all00:59:32
as a rule, the degrees there lit this one00:59:34
the steppe there reaches to the horizon and what the heck with it00:59:36
as if we still have quiet steppes to the right00:59:38
left there for 100 km went there everything00:59:40
it's ok, here it is and still is00:59:42
most people are okay with this too00:59:44
sad by the way, Fire too00:59:46
when used when and not even in00:59:48
later times For example, among the most00:59:50
late Neanderthals when there was00:59:53
such one of the peaks of glaciation there there00:59:54
50,000 years ago they have the number00:59:57
the use of fire falls, that is,00:59:59
there are many more ancient ones and then bam01:00:01
gets smaller well because it01:00:03
Tundra they hunt reindeer and01:00:05
how to heat it, in general, that is01:00:07
you live in the tundra, what are you burning there?01:00:09
then you will, that is, they basically01:00:10
they knew it was like fire, but there wasn’t much choice01:00:12
was Well, the same as if we are now01:00:14
let's look at the sites of some Eskimos01:00:15
they know fire they know how to make it01:00:18
keep everything there, but they burn it there01:00:20
such Sheki with some seal fat01:00:22
there's a ftl there from and Well, they have a little light01:00:27
there are but they eat well now01:00:29
civilized, of course, it’s been there for 100 years01:00:31
ago we ate mostly raw meat01:00:33
By the way, there was still fire ahead01:00:37
Yes, dried meat in dry-curing that meat01:00:41
poured in. Apparently there are some other ones there01:00:43
habilis Well because in Africa If you01:00:45
put the meat there, it's wilted there within a day01:00:48
in any case, there’s nothing at all for this01:00:49
you don't need to do it01:00:53
you're swearing Well, so that there aren't hyenas there again01:00:55
some termites ate there Yes there01:00:57
the ants are somewhere higher up there01:01:02
hangs it already seems like a good way Well, here it is01:01:05
Well, this is Africa, well, that is, they01:01:06
then we already realized that this could be done somehow01:01:09
leave the future for the future of course01:01:11
no one left for sure poured in Well01:01:13
why not but it's all the same01:01:15
not a stock strictly speaking because well you01:01:17
eat this antipas anyway01:01:19
within two weeks anyway Well, you're fat01:01:22
there’s no way to save these tropical ones01:01:24
low-fat in general, I understand correctly01:01:26
that at the beginning we are not talking about any storage01:01:28
there was no talk of food, no storage, no01:01:32
went there until the late Neolithic01:01:34
actually, uh, there in the early Neolithic still01:01:36
They started storing some grain. Yes And so01:01:38
meat It’s clear that no one ever stocks up01:01:41
Well, we’re not particularly from archeology01:01:43
we know, to be honest, because it’s like01:01:44
we have determined that there are a lot of them out there01:01:46
let's say bones Well, there is a guess01:01:48
what is this pit where they store it01:01:50
meat in some eternal world01:01:51
gold Well, in principle, eternal peace is gold01:01:53
it will lie there for God knows how long01:01:54
It's like being in a refrigerator, it's even better there01:01:56
well, the mammoths are still lying around, if anything01:01:58
as if they have a shelf life of 40,000 years01:02:00
they have that but01:02:02
uh, most likely they didn’t care about it01:02:04
In general, such normal storage pits01:02:06
for example, for grain they are the most ancient01:02:09
in Tufi culture it is somewhere there01:02:10
12,000 years appear when01:02:13
a lot of grain and yes, that’s just too much01:02:14
you can fold it and basically let it be there01:02:16
there are some peas lying there to dry01:02:18
it would be even better to lie here But01:02:20
they have no hunters and opportunities and01:02:23
needs opportunity Net what they01:02:25
moving all the time Where will you be01:02:27
store Well, there’s a day or two there, as it were, yeah01:02:28
then you will still leave because you01:02:30
you'll eat everything here. Why, here you have food too01:02:33
there are so many walking around in herds that why01:02:35
you keep something, it's just in your head01:02:37
doesn’t fit What the hell, here you are01:02:40
you'll be there, I don't know, stock up01:02:41
any there I don’t know what happens there01:02:43
we have the most banal things01:02:45
bread crusts Yes, well, why, as it were, well01:02:47
if it went bad, throw it away if it was there01:02:49
ate normally. How should I store them?01:02:52
well, because it’s always there, as it were01:02:54
in access But if we were there in01:02:57
Middle Ages now we would keep everything01:02:59
there until the last minute because there is hunger01:03:01
every 5 years and we’ll store it here01:03:05
there was an abundance of these there is such a concept01:03:07
primordial abundance density01:03:08
the population is much smaller than ours01:03:10
the animals are much larger there are bones01:03:12
animals actually lie in layers01:03:14
in some places that’s why why store What for01:03:17
how and how to store it if it is01:03:20
Africa Well, you can wilt, but still01:03:21
it doesn't stay there that long, that's it Well01:03:24
few where salt is generally large01:03:26
quantity here in the permafrost Yes there01:03:28
maybe they killed some deer there?01:03:30
at the crossing there they put them in the permafrost01:03:32
Nina make Yes, you can use them there all winter01:03:34
eat but there the settlement becomes01:03:36
50 people each and such long-term01:03:38
enough when the fire appears, here you are01:03:41
what do you see, this is our usual01:03:44
fire pit That's how it's all equipped01:03:46
and they really started to fry01:03:49
first the meat or whatever they cook the stew01:03:52
started somehow This is a famous Chinese dish01:03:54
cooking has begun. Well, first thing -01:03:57
it's just hot, just throw the meat in01:04:00
the fire and wait for it to cook, well01:04:03
wait there's a lot of racing not on coals01:04:05
nothing like the dacha, well, here I am personally01:04:08
I watched Khaz do it, that is01:04:10
it’s clear these are modern people Yes, but they01:04:12
hunter gatherers I'm more than sure01:04:13
they always did the same thing, that is, in front of me01:04:15
here they are Yes, they shot from bows there01:04:17
some birds, well, what kind01:04:19
buntings something like a sparrow01:04:21
lit a fire Well, everything is done with chopsticks01:04:23
as expected01:04:24
Well, they have a fire made from tons of branches literally A01:04:27
everything is dry there, it’s like they’re acacia01:04:29
these resinous ones burn there for a very long time01:04:31
literally a few branches and here they are01:04:32
This bird is so much like hack01:04:53
plucked how many are there five people01:04:55
there was enough sparrow for five of them01:04:58
They also offered us We were still there01:04:59
there were five so well people are like01:05:02
kind and seemingly well-fed and happy01:05:05
happy there then the second sparrow01:05:07
they would have simply eaten themselves up there01:05:09
and this seems to be the simplest01:05:12
option I Well, I saw this live at Khaz01:05:14
yes, but in the films I saw this, it’s acceptable for01:05:16
Australian Aborigines are the same01:05:18
take the kangaroo with the fur there without removing it01:05:20
skins are not thrown at all just at01:05:22
the fire is going on again until you remember it in your stomach01:05:26
as Zaur means Done, here they get it01:05:28
the kangaroo is then torn off from her01:05:30
skin Well, it’s burnt there, it’s already clear01:05:32
Yes, all the wool is burnt. It stinks.01:05:33
it's probably incredible there then01:05:37
They'll gut it first, I won't gut it, but there01:05:39
throws characteristically, and it’s already there01:05:45
eats off01:05:51
this is how it was done because it was nearby01:05:54
bones are charred on one side01:05:56
on the other hand not charred or there01:05:57
half is like that, half is heavenly, that is, here01:05:59
it was without meat Yes it was with meat Well01:06:01
where the meat is, they didn’t put it on it, but that means01:06:03
raw meat was also normal There and01:06:06
cooler01:06:07
that there are different ways of dividing01:06:11
meat of this very thing this is this01:06:12
cool It's in kizeme too, by the way01:06:14
Israel has such a parking lot there01:06:16
traces of tools on the bones were well traced01:06:19
they collected statistics there and there is antiquity01:06:22
approximately 400,000 years ago Well, there’s more01:06:24
a lot of interesting things But these are here01:06:26
antelope bones they cut gazelles there01:06:28
or rather, well, it doesn’t matter if they have different cuts01:06:31
weapons with different strengths Under different01:06:33
corners, in contrast to the way from more01:06:35
late and Neanderthal sapien nah Where01:06:37
there are identical cuts on one bone. This is01:06:40
it means that these are more ancient ones there01:06:41
proto sapiens they took this Gazelle01:06:44
cut off some meat and give it to the next person01:06:46
dude And the next dude is sometimes different01:06:48
hand there he shoy let's say it could be yes01:06:50
there with another weapon with another force he is there01:06:52
small big cut something else01:06:54
gave to the third there to the fourth to the fifth01:06:56
how many of them were sitting there through all of this01:06:57
passed and later ones became more01:07:00
greedy and grabbed a piece there01:07:02
some rib and let's plan it01:07:03
and who the hell am I going to give it to? And here are these01:07:07
more ancient they are more like this01:07:08
the communists were hospitable yes01:07:11
I see, by the way, smoking too01:07:13
we know there is such a cave in this one01:07:17
whether Spain Portugal where there in01:07:18
Portugal Here And there are smoked eels01:07:20
the vertebrae there are so characteristic01:07:23
very smoky color01:07:25
cool to see, well, smoked eel He and01:07:27
Nowadays it’s normal in any restaurant01:07:29
goes for a lot of money even here and there01:07:32
so they could afford it and cooking01:07:35
also by the way was sometimes but rare there01:07:37
literally we have only one example so far from01:07:39
Paleolithic this is Shanidar this is in Northern01:07:42
araki cave shanidar and there is shanidar01:07:45
the third one is on his tartar 40%01:07:48
phytolith is grains of starch from barley and01:07:51
transformed like this what it is01:07:53
there was a var there they did experiments they took01:07:55
barley modern it there01:08:00
grinds exactly the boiled one01:08:02
this very starch is converted, that is01:08:04
Neanderthals there are about 60,00001:08:06
years ago they cooked01:08:09
cell01:08:11
for yourself or pearl barley It’s kind of like that01:08:13
option Well, something like them01:08:16
technically they did it incomprehensibly honestly01:08:18
saying Because they have no ceramics01:08:19
haven’t even been close yet but ethnography01:08:21
shows a bunch of ways in principle there01:08:24
all sorts of Indians there anyone Yes there01:08:25
Some kind of Itelmen, they are either made of leather01:08:28
they made such a wineskin and either there from01:08:30
some kind of bison stomach Well, that's already01:08:32
the finished vessel is basically poured into it01:08:34
water and throwing stones there from the third01:08:37
the stone boils with terrible force Well01:08:39
stones are heated on a fire, of course, and01:08:41
they have these hot stones01:08:42
heat capacity is large, they throw it into this water01:08:44
and there's mud gurgling right there, it's true01:08:47
it will be terrible, but it didn’t stop them01:08:49
they didn’t bother at all and it’s possible01:08:51
cook Yes, that’s all the more useful01:08:53
It’s interesting that not all modern people01:08:55
knew the principle of cooking, that's when it's acceptable01:08:58
Damn white English colonialists01:09:00
got to Australia That's it01:09:04
Australian Aborigines did not know how to cook01:09:06
and when the Europeans are already there01:09:07
metal pot to boil water then01:09:10
aborigines01:09:12
it's amazing you have all the water now01:09:14
destroy the ocean there, the ocean will disappear altogether01:09:17
they really really went into panic01:09:19
are there any Itelmen Indians?01:09:21
it’s ok with ilmen stones in general there01:09:24
Well, they did this in Kamchatka01:09:26
these vessels for cooking herbs with your hands01:09:29
women weaved vessels from blades of grass01:09:31
waterproof that can be thrown into01:09:33
hot stones and it doesn’t burn out01:09:35
miraculously Was there at all01:09:38
cannibalism was well because we have it01:09:42
Monkeys are just the same as chimpanzees01:09:44
that's why there are no special ones01:09:47
doubt that it was another matter01:09:49
that monkeys don’t chew cats and don’t01:09:52
break as I said today01:09:54
so you won't see it in the bones01:09:56
no way That's when it was eaten by a chimpanzee01:09:59
other chimpanzees Well, there will be a chimpanzee skeleton01:10:01
that's when tools appear here01:10:05
Yes, traces of cannibalism appear01:10:07
We now have two of these for the most01:10:09
early Khoma one all in the same kou bifree01:10:11
which I already mentioned here today01:10:13
By the way, it’s not a fact that cannibalism is because01:10:15
what is the femur there maybe it is01:10:16
Paranthropus is still a different genus and species01:10:18
so maybe from their point of view it is01:10:19
just some monkey who too01:10:21
you can eat this or maybe he and Khoma01:10:23
there's such a thing01:10:30
LM not01:10:32
less there is a female skull with notches on01:10:36
cheekbone here, it's like she was devoured, here she is01:10:40
such a dubious Khoma01:10:41
of course he has no brains that 420 g01:10:44
not rich, to be honest, but the signs01:10:46
her speech01:10:52
were a million years old and later there were completely01:10:55
By the way, it’s indicative of what we’ll say nearby01:10:57
Neanderthals had much more cannibalism01:10:59
more than the Komans we are kinder we are rare01:11:02
who they ate I understand, but then they ate their own01:11:06
from our own tribe or strangers is it us01:11:09
we don’t know, but because we have it01:11:11
Eaten bones but not written on it01:11:13
uh I'm mine yes yes Well here uh Els Dron Yes01:11:18
I already mentioned today There rather01:11:20
strangers ate everything because these01:11:21
Els Dron sy they are all relatives They01:11:23
all the relatives there are just brothers01:11:25
sisters right here relatives relatives there01:11:27
the maximum difference there is second cousins01:11:29
maybe there were some sisters there01:11:31
So they were most likely eaten by strangers01:11:34
who are also like Neanderthals But01:11:36
some left-wing Neanderthals and such01:11:38
There are plenty of examples, so hurry up01:11:41
in total, of course, strangers, recently I01:11:43
I read a book there, I can’t remember now01:11:45
I’ll make a name Well, in short about01:11:46
Neanderthals and there is such Western IP01:11:49
Therefore there is an American01:11:50
aspiration, they were Neanderthals01:11:52
Such darlings are so cute01:11:54
kind and when someone died they were like that01:11:57
suffered so much and that's why it01:11:58
ate some kind of Cro-Magnons there01:12:01
there is one parking lot there with traces01:12:02
Cannibalism is disgusting01:12:04
nasty bloodthirsty sapiens then01:12:07
You can't be like that, sapiens01:12:09
Neanderthals are such good-natured people01:12:11
devoured there on every second skeleton01:12:12
watch out for cannibalism, but that's when01:12:15
as if a person really wants it and he’s there01:12:16
wishful thinking indeed01:12:22
issues01:12:23
[music]01:12:30
what tell me has become a man and01:12:33
its food Agricultural01:12:35
revolution Well, it’s kind of contradictory01:12:39
as usual with all revolutions01:12:41
because on the one hand producing01:12:43
farming Well, there’s all sorts of millet. And there too01:12:45
goats or some sheep for starters Well01:12:47
the first sheep were it gave stability and01:12:51
if we already have a Barn in which there01:12:53
or pit storage at first Yes it was there01:12:55
underground and we fell asleep there again01:12:57
there is some of this barley and here01:12:59
We have all the victims in bulk, it’s possible to live01:13:01
well, stationary ones appear immediately01:13:03
settlements have large burial grounds there01:13:05
ritual centers a bunch of big guns01:13:08
which you don’t need to carry with you anymore01:13:09
I put it on a shelf there and it’s like01:13:11
civilization has just flooded and in01:13:14
at the beginning it is even before the producer01:13:16
Ntu fiso was back when it was here01:13:19
collecting is simply active Well, Well01:13:21
and even more so they began to live in the Neolithic01:13:24
as if in large quantities But01:13:27
stress has increased and by the way01:13:29
the first of these farmers cannibalism01:13:32
increases compared to hunters01:13:34
Natal had a lot then01:13:36
there were few Komans and the first01:13:38
there are a lot of neolithic ones again and there is murder there01:13:40
at every step there is straight early Neolithic01:13:42
some kind of tininess in general everyone there01:13:44
the second one was beaten and devoured because01:13:46
A lot of people are already getting on their nerves.01:13:48
who are these people, I don’t know them, let me give them01:13:50
I'll put it in my head just in case01:13:53
then other ways of communication are Paleolithic01:13:56
that it’s like I have a family and that’s it01:13:58
others It’s not at all a fact that people, as it were,01:14:00
eat even like, well, I don’t know deer01:14:02
ate a beaver there ate a man01:14:04
what difference does it make no matter how well he is not a person He01:14:06
In general, a stranger, as it were, but people, who are they?01:14:08
I know from birth These are exactly people01:14:10
verified as you are who is this01:14:11
meat, he'll eat me if he catches me01:14:14
people don't eat people, that means he's not human01:14:17
if I catch him, I'll eat him, right?01:14:19
People don't eat people, so he's not human.01:14:22
logic That’s the kind of thinking It’s also01:14:26
strictly speaking Paleolithic A01:14:28
there are a lot of people and population density01:14:30
big and this is how life begins but01:14:32
society which is the matter to settle01:14:35
and they were able to come to an agreement, as it were01:14:37
began to live normally and there began to01:14:40
large groups Well, that's about it01:14:41
some kind of government appears everything01:14:43
such and those who couldn’t eat it01:14:45
everything about each other But this is how it is01:14:48
bad side and stress increases01:14:51
epidemics begin again with a tooth01:14:53
straight pipe starts that's what01:14:54
today it was already said there karis u01:14:56
every second one there if not the first one01:14:59
in general, well, they began to live longer on the other01:15:01
sides Yes, but kind of worse Because01:15:04
Previously, Hunter per day occupied there for01:15:06
labor Well, it’s like getting food there01:15:08
an hour and a half to two hours there, well, when the food is on01:15:11
running around in herds yes And now you can01:15:13
waving a hoe there until the evening, in principle, and01:15:15
there are some ditches to dig there01:15:16
irrigation so you have to work01:15:19
the more their bone wear increases, but01:15:21
live longer That is, as it were01:15:26
That’s why the little one hurts before01:15:29
the team gets sick, they die01:15:31
or everyone is immune because they01:15:33
they just have relatives and genetics there01:15:34
the same And now the teams are large01:15:36
They're not all exactly related anymore01:15:38
and individual personalities appear01:15:40
who are carriers but do not die And others01:15:43
may not be so directly stable and01:15:45
this carrier will run on everyone01:15:47
sneeze and everyone will die, that’s massive01:15:50
epidemic Yes, if you can see it01:15:52
burial ground there immediately a crowd of people lies and01:15:55
as if they all died, well01:15:57
ethnography is known locally01:15:59
what was ahead we started to grow01:16:02
grain or domesticated here is large-horned01:16:04
cattle This is roughly parallel but at the beginning01:16:07
not large, just small horned 11,00001:16:09
years ago in the south in Mesopotamia steel01:16:12
grow grain there oats barley rye01:16:15
wheat and something else I forgot yes But01:16:17
it doesn’t matter, and it’s like they started to grow it01:16:20
and in the north in the registry office it is Northern Türkiye01:16:24
Syria, that's right there, Northern Iraq, well01:16:26
the oldest example is from Northern01:16:28
Iraq and Shanidar, well, this is Kurdistan01:16:30
which is the current Yes, they began to graze sheep there01:16:32
The first little animal was so useful01:16:35
it's a sheep, uh, later the goats arrive and01:16:38
cows and a little later pigs Well already01:16:41
much, much later there in the Bronze Age01:16:42
horses, well, somewhere donkeys are still in01:16:44
between uh but the first were sheep and in01:16:47
at the beginning somewhere you are thousands of years old, these two01:16:50
farming options were independent01:16:52
these with sheep these with grain Well, but then how01:16:55
Oh my God, the whole Middle East is there01:16:57
You can go there on foot in 3 days01:16:59
they seem to have mixed more or less and already01:17:02
already came to other territories01:17:04
Complex Neolithic When all this is already01:17:06
there is in place, as it were, both at the same time01:17:08
another thing, a couple thousand at first01:17:10
years was Independent cattle breeding one Well01:17:14
because in the registry office there is something like this01:17:16
climate what to grow there is not much what01:17:17
you'll actually grow up Well, it's clear that01:17:19
the first of these plant varieties were not very01:17:22
productive So are the little animals too01:17:24
sheep and goats They are generally mountain animals01:17:26
initially that's why somewhere there on01:17:28
it’s like they can’t live on this plain01:17:30
will become and then new breeds appear and01:17:32
Now many people perceive sheep as01:17:33
In general, it’s not a very steppe animal01:17:35
The steppe is like that, and all sorts of geese and chickens -01:17:38
this is the latest it's already much later01:17:40
yeah, well, we really don’t know, to be honest01:17:43
exactly when they were tamed there but01:17:44
in any case later Well, but from them it’s easy01:17:47
As with any birds, bones are less preserved01:17:49
and that's why we just have fewer finds01:17:51
corny Well, but apparently a little later and01:17:55
chickens are generally more Asian then01:17:57
eat bank chicken - this is Asia01:17:59
amazing thing means why if they01:18:02
still in parallel As you say01:18:03
these cultures developed01:18:05
agricultural In the sense of grain and01:18:07
sheep Which means these are the ones who suddenly learned01:18:10
to grow grain you can sow the whole01:18:13
don’t go to the field, don’t look for it again01:18:15
bison Why didn't they01:18:18
These people are not the ones who became vegetarians01:18:20
why aren't they like that?01:18:23
vegetarians No, well, they ate there01:18:25
99 percent of this grain itself01:18:28
Yes, well, Lord, I don’t know, Russian peasants01:18:30
at the beginning of the 20th century they ate only grain01:18:32
also there almost 100% Because if01:18:35
there is nothing else, but the beast is everything01:18:37
devoured there, not that he doesn’t want to go01:18:39
look But this is from poverty and not from01:18:40
desires are there Yes, it’s just a neighbor01:18:42
East there Azis is somewhere there in general01:18:45
who is hunting? That is, there were these animals but01:18:47
ended Purely physically, as if they were all01:18:49
devoured And even more so the climate has become01:18:52
change is the end of the Glacial01:18:53
period and climate changes And at the moment01:18:56
climate change is a massive beast01:18:58
always dying out and this is just like this01:19:00
[ __ ] happened they were still in Cybran01:19:02
culture was devoured 20,000 years ago01:19:04
everything you can do on tufi there01:19:06
somewhere from 15 to 10 they became active01:19:09
collect grain but still hunted01:19:11
what was left And somewhere around 1110 already01:19:14
They ate everything so much that it was only grain01:19:16
and all that was left was to start growing it01:19:18
there was collected before and here it is01:19:19
I had to grow it up to ceramic01:19:21
Neolithic e there abc Well there are different stages like01:19:24
if only he was drowned as if uh well01:19:28
because it's out of despair and01:19:30
basically the same story Well in the Middle01:19:32
In the East it was just earlier, but then01:19:34
the same thing happened later in China Well, at the beginning01:19:36
apparently in South and Vietnam even in01:19:38
Northern, rather, well, there are Indians further south01:19:41
then in Northern China there on the Huanghe01:19:43
Well, there are other varieties of rice in the south01:19:45
in the north there’s some kind of crap there then01:19:46
in South America in Central there for sure01:19:48
independent there is 100% there is corn somewhere01:19:50
Yes, there are Southern potatoes and peanuts01:19:52
are there any beans here and where else are there01:19:55
New Guinea apparently also has its own center01:19:57
domestication Well, then we caught up01:19:58
All kinds of India Africa there01:20:07
ten Stanislav, is there any Nakhodka here?01:20:11
there is the very first one01:20:13
recipe on the wall written I don't know01:20:16
now fantasy There is nothing there is nothing then01:20:19
there are a bunch of these01:20:20
archaeological which01:20:31
something else there is a floater floating there01:20:33
Well, they were such nuts, they cracked them with stones01:20:35
there are just stones with holes like that01:20:37
They01:20:38
smashed there in Portugal there01:20:42
Pini nuts Well, these are a type of pine nut01:20:45
more So they fried them there01:20:46
ate nuts like turnips01:20:51
e before the Neolithic there was the concept of a recipe It01:20:54
it’s just like that because it’s needed for the recipe01:20:57
so that you still have time and01:20:59
desire and some choice. But what if you01:21:01
you've been eating there all your life I don't know the groundhog01:21:03
there's a wonderful parking lot there01:21:05
98% there with pennies Well, actually There01:21:08
all fauna are marmots. It's like they were eating01:21:11
Surkov Well, these are already Cro-Magnons there01:21:13
quite late there 12 thousand I think01:21:14
years, that's just Surkov. Well, what will it be like?01:21:17
the kitchen is like marmots, well maybe they are01:21:18
Of course there are smoked boiled marmots01:21:20
dried there I don’t know kvass01:21:23
But these are all marmots, most likely they are not01:21:25
you bother01:21:52
most likely much later, that's when01:21:54
you have plenty of time when you definitely have01:21:56
you won't die of hunger anymore and you don't have to01:21:58
run through the fields there after these gazelles01:22:00
So you can have fun and01:22:01
experiment But if so01:22:03
if ek Well, what if you spend all day01:22:06
All you do is run around there01:22:07
are you hunting for someone? Well, basically there01:22:09
maybe of course you run there for 2 hours too01:22:11
not all day of course but you won't01:22:14
most likely to do this though01:22:16
There are also excellent exceptions and such01:22:18
precedents For example, North American01:22:21
Indians Judging by the ethnography there was01:22:23
some very exquisite cuisine01:22:25
there are such recipes floating around there01:22:28
there you think they are, that's how they are all before01:22:30
that's what we came up with, but there are a lot of animals there01:22:33
there are some caribou deer there yeah01:22:35
there is not a moderate amount and they could01:22:37
I can’t afford them right now01:22:40
Play back what exactly they did but01:22:41
there's something right out of the teacher's head01:22:43
they were preparing uh and now they can By the way01:22:46
People like this often happen01:22:48
cooking that the locals01:22:51
use it for themselves but she doesn't care for anyone01:22:53
unknown because they seem to01:22:54
shy Well, this is ours01:22:56
banal, as it were, but no one talks about her01:22:58
knows Well, for example, in the same Tanzania Yes01:23:02
All my life I was sure that they had no01:23:04
there is no normal kitchen because well, here I am01:23:05
I've been there twice in Tanzania and not01:23:07
I haven't seen this kitchen anywhere at all01:23:09
no way. And then from the people who are there01:23:11
we lived there for 3 days, not like me01:23:12
they arrived and how long they lived there and01:23:15
like hanging out with the locals01:23:16
it turns out they have a very cunning one01:23:18
the kitchen is another matter; there is no room for that01:23:20
no restaurants nothing because01:23:22
restaurants are something so antler01:23:23
there will be European cuisine there Most likely there will be cuisine01:23:25
Well, or there for the Chinese Yes there01:23:26
some of these Chinese construction workers01:23:29
This is what everyone cooks. Why in01:23:31
go to a restaurant and eat the same thing01:23:33
you eat at home Well, here you go01:23:36
kitchen is almost unrealistic That is, it01:23:38
I need to become very close friends with someone01:23:40
so that he invites you straight home and treats you01:23:42
because they themselves eat every day. Well,01:23:44
and you won’t see it and there’s no way about it01:23:46
you won't know until you live here No I01:23:49
I haven’t eaten anything like this, I haven’t actually seen it01:23:51
this is even in the eyes, well, here's a man01:23:52
who seemed to see it and eat it, here he is01:23:54
says she's very normal there01:23:56
really good food, but that's all I'm saying01:23:59
for this you need to live there with them01:24:01
often ethnographers come there Yes01:24:03
there for a week at best, well there for01:24:05
a month and they're not exactly like buddies01:24:07
there they were invited home to treat them01:24:09
And if they treat you, it’s high01:24:12
guest that we will be his banal01:24:13
homey has no time to treat him to this01:24:15
something cool there What's cool01:24:17
it's European, yes it's American, well01:24:18
some kind of this is already generalized01:24:20
food and we come and see what they have01:24:22
all the food is the same as in Europe Well there you go01:24:24
there is no one of our own, she is, well,01:24:26
it's okay to do cooking01:24:28
fully when you first have01:24:31
food supply and you can already spend01:24:33
part as if for some kind of entertainment01:24:36
you have some free time, it’s trivial01:24:38
and it would be nice if you had pots here01:24:41
because in wicker grass of course01:24:42
great to do, well that’s basically what it is01:24:44
yes, but no matter how much you are there01:24:47
will do And when ceramics appears01:24:50
it appears approximately 10,000 years ago01:24:52
in such a massive manner Well, basically01:24:54
there are also ancient ones, but there are some isolated ones01:24:56
finds there are very rare in the Far01:24:58
East there we have there in China in01:25:00
Japan in Korea, well, literally01:25:01
some isolated pots like this01:25:03
normal about 10,000 years ago01:25:06
if you take Europe, there are generally 7,000 years01:25:09
basically that is, for 3,000 years01:25:11
later and then they start sculpting these01:25:13
pots And in them you can already cook01:25:14
the full program and you can ferment there01:25:16
and wander around there and then there’s alcohol01:25:18
appears and everything in the world is there, well01:25:21
if it is primitive it is alcohol in principle01:25:24
he can get it, but only if it’s there01:25:26
it will leaven somewhere under there01:25:28
fence and most likely will die, well who01:25:31
he will be rescued there and fed there01:25:32
to heat or, on the contrary, to cool01:25:34
And if this is Neolithic He is already in01:25:36
some kind of this01:25:39
[music]01:25:40
he won’t die from the drifting snow. He has a hole again.01:25:43
there are storage facilities and there are people around there01:25:45
200 people who, if anything, are there01:25:47
they'll run away, they'll save there somehow, there's a rollback here01:25:49
so you can ferment and so they begin01:25:52
and the first ones to find any dishes I didn’t01:25:55
I know these are coconut cups that01:25:58
still all over there in Thailand01:26:00
they sell it at every sha for sure by the way and01:26:02
there were but there was no chance of finding them01:26:04
obviously like this01:26:07
conditional such very vessels are in01:26:10
Hungary is such a parking lot, Chire and Rosni, this is01:26:13
they still have Neanderthals from the debris01:26:15
there are stalagmites like these, but01:26:18
only they are apparently not there for food01:26:20
some kind of ocher ra sense but if ocher could01:26:23
and something and something else actually Well they01:26:25
just so small, this size01:26:27
Well, that’s literally what these cups are like01:26:31
this is some normal ceramics01:26:33
appears, I said somewhere around 10,00001:26:35
some years ago before this01:26:36
they were definitely wooden01:26:38
Here, but we don’t see anything, as if yes01:26:41
we are full of ethnographic examples there01:26:43
the same Papuans of some Amazonian01:26:45
Indians have any wood there01:26:47
they make amazing things over there01:26:49
Siberia is everywhere, there are all these locals01:26:51
residents do01:26:52
But only you01:26:55
ethnographic And by the way, Yes there is01:26:57
mammoth ivory scoops on Yanskoye01:26:59
parking lot, this is the northeast of Siberia already01:27:03
and on the Yana River there is a gorgeous cemetery01:27:06
Mammoths and the parking lot of people who are well01:27:08
mostly there in general on the reindeer01:27:10
hunted but they didn’t even have Mammoths anymore01:27:12
killed And although they killed, there are also01:27:14
these are sewn together with bone tips but they are there01:27:17
Tusks were mainly used and from01:27:19
Tusks there are two beautiful scoops01:27:21
such deep, such bark, here's more01:27:24
it’s cool to decorate them so beautifully01:27:26
they have it but for what?01:27:29
used we don't know privately Maybe01:27:30
they were collecting some kind of ice cream there01:27:32
God knows the scoops themselves are there01:27:34
the functionality is unknown to us I don’t know there is01:27:37
Did you dig it up at some parking lot?01:27:39
we realized that this was the first ancient cafe there01:27:42
Well, that's not a catering outlet01:27:45
no, because a cafe is01:27:47
it is implied that someone is cooking a01:27:49
someone comes from outside Well, by01:27:51
definition01:27:59
is given but at best is already there in01:28:02
some kind of proto-state system01:28:04
Well, some Sumerians are already there01:28:06
yes, there was probably something like that and how01:28:08
it is not clear to prove there is a massive01:28:10
There is a massive production of ceramics there.01:28:12
production of Kabu there sorghum bricks Well01:28:14
maybe there was something food like that01:28:16
on the other hand, everyone basically has this01:28:17
there is something you will sell there in this01:28:19
cafe if everyone has the same thing here and Well I01:28:22
at least this is the oldest of these01:28:24
series I know this is already Pompeii Well there01:28:26
herculaneum pompeii what else is there here01:28:28
there are cafes there, there were no cafes there at all01:28:30
kitchens in houses there is just a distortion in01:28:32
on the other side, everyone ate only in01:28:34
cafes here But this is already like Vesuvius01:28:37
Yes, these are already historical times01:28:39
it wouldn't be interesting anymore, but it's right there01:28:41
these cafes they exist they are like this01:28:45
shalman as if this is what it is01:28:47
there are some kebabs being fried on the streets01:28:49
there and at some resorts01:28:51
something from the same series something like this01:28:53
eateries and prices are known for pita A01:28:57
because all these Herculaneum it was01:29:00
uh, well, like Courchevel for01:29:03
rich people where people just came01:29:05
hang out That is, this is essentially a resort01:29:09
rest is not the place where they lived. But there is01:29:12
here they are synchronous, as it were, and all sorts of things01:29:14
the estates have normal kitchens01:29:16
full-fledged there and Deauville wine01:29:17
some and the kitchens are all as they should be Well01:29:19
if there is a big estate there are a lot of people01:29:21
lives with them but will already be there01:29:22
some big cook there01:29:24
everything will ferment, basically like this01:29:27
kitchens then they are in these Knossos01:29:30
in the palace for example, oh well, this is another one01:29:33
Bronze Age but there it's not a cafe it's not01:29:38
as if about alcohol and in general01:29:41
drinks01:29:42
And when did you start drinking something other than water?01:29:47
in general, everyone is still normal people01:29:48
drink only water, this has never changed01:29:52
Honestly01:29:54
Eye Yes, as if We periodically do something01:29:56
we drink this, but in general it’s like ours01:29:58
excretory system all sorts of kidneys01:30:00
yes and all that they are intended01:30:02
filter water, not coffee or tea01:30:06
and moreover, all these drinks are like01:30:09
the rule is based on heating A for01:30:11
this again requires ceramics Well, that is01:30:13
in these wicker wooden ones01:30:15
there are a lot of leather bags there01:30:17
you can't cook anything, that's why it's like this for01:30:19
alcohol is not needed for is not needed but necessary01:30:23
time and again we need Security01:30:25
what I already managed to say is in the Neolithic01:30:27
appears and as soon as they appear01:30:30
pit storage where you put this grain01:30:32
there is the same barley Yes, he definitely got you01:30:34
will turn sour sooner or later at the bottom you are01:30:36
will still eat it out of greed01:30:38
guaranteed to you01:30:50
stick around Yes, those are the ones there01:30:53
ancient traces are there only later01:30:55
ceramics appears where there are traces there01:30:56
some kind of carbon deposits, that is, there used to be01:30:58
it turns out wheat alcohol and not01:31:01
wine, who knows, there are these01:31:04
There are actually grape seeds too01:31:07
actually, but its grapes were apparently domesticated01:31:09
it's further north and it's made from all sorts of barley01:31:13
it worked faster before, that's just it01:31:15
they started growing these grapes before01:31:18
such a berry is like it's just a joke01:31:19
would be entertainment Well, Hops There’s absolutely01:31:21
It’s kind of a confusing option. That’s it01:31:23
there is all sorts of barley beer It was01:31:25
in any case, the oldest one is Well, by the way01:31:28
approximately synchronous in North America01:31:30
the smoke has still appeared. As an option, well01:31:32
kani there drugs there in South America01:31:34
but we don’t know anything about them, but in01:31:36
North America has it in its teeth01:31:38
just this nicotine coating01:31:40
Well, but this is no longer food, of course, but01:31:42
food seems to continue to appear01:31:46
what is characteristic of those who used to become01:31:48
is their biggest consumption01:31:49
resistance to this has developed01:31:51
record holders by the way01:31:52
South American Indians who01:31:55
simply and from time immemorial they ate fruits01:31:57
fallen from the trees and under the rot, as it were, yes01:32:00
fermented there well because it01:32:02
the tropics there everything rots instantly So01:32:04
they end up with such resistance to01:32:05
alcohol which no one has at all01:32:07
Even in the Middle East they ended up01:32:09
doesn't drink alcohol at all, that's why01:32:12
they do drugs like me01:32:15
I recently read a book about the Amazon01:32:16
Indians that such a question was raised there?01:32:19
how to find out how to wear them in general01:32:20
there is no way to know how drugs work01:32:23
because it's impossible to find01:32:29
stoned by the opportunity to find out what's on01:32:32
they are influenced by drugs What01:32:36
there is another version I understand I'm interested01:32:38
the seasoning appears quite late01:32:41
or did they find in ancient times that01:32:43
such and such grass Maybe something there01:32:45
kill germs Well, probably something like that01:32:48
periodically used but again with us01:32:50
there is no evidence to be honest01:32:52
from ethnography we know what’s here and there01:32:54
someone is sticking something like that in the food01:32:57
some kind of plant rubbish there Well01:32:59
sometimes salt Well, where there is natural salt01:33:01
salt is from the same Khaz I personally saw there01:33:03
they collect things along the shores of this lake01:33:05
lumps of salt Well, they're just lying there and01:33:07
see there is a salt lake when it dries up01:33:09
there are just such fibrous crusts there01:33:12
they seem to use them. But this is how01:33:14
it would be like that sometimes, but we don’t have any01:33:17
there is no evidence. That is, it is clear that01:33:19
they could Yes, there are some herbs and01:33:22
brew some chamomile there01:33:24
Well, by the way, there are two examples, if anything01:33:26
actually, but there’s a question there, it’s like01:33:29
seasoning or01:33:31
this is a medicine drink01:33:34
not yet as an option medicine is all that01:33:37
the same esi drone that I am today01:33:39
mentioned where the Neanderthals were eaten01:33:41
family and one woman has teeth in01:33:45
tartar contains chamomile phytolith and01:33:47
yarrow and chamomile and yarrow01:33:49
Well, in principle, you can make tea from them01:33:51
of course, but what are they wearing?01:33:52
brewed it’s unclear to be honest, and so01:33:56
You can chew like this, but they are so bitter01:33:58
it would be so easy if you picked it from a bush and01:33:59
eating it's not very cool, but01:34:02
medicinally yes there seems to be an effect Yes01:34:04
that maybe this is medicine, well01:34:06
when the opportunity arose01:34:08
what to brew in some pot01:34:10
Well, this is again in the Neolithic Well01:34:12
They probably started brewing it right there01:34:14
already what you have growing in the garden there, well,01:34:17
next door there under the fence you will be01:34:19
brew like this and sometimes it’s like this01:34:22
extremely valuable, as it were, for01:34:24
survival is like some kind of thing01:34:26
a spoon, or there’s a spoon all over it01:34:29
Well, such a small grass grows in the north01:34:31
her leaves are so round01:34:32
so curved like spoons really01:34:34
Here And there is a lot of vitamin C There it is there01:34:36
all northern aborigines eat in large quantities01:34:39
quantities because to prevent scurvy01:34:41
was Here's how it would be consumed Well there01:34:43
In general, the choice is not rich, as if it were possible01:34:45
in general there is this and this is Well as an option01:34:48
By the way, this is also a seasoning01:34:49
specific01:34:50
this is mus For example, among all sorts of Eskimos01:34:54
these northern comrades, by the way01:34:56
even the Europeans have some Norwegians01:34:57
same thing reindeer He got drunk01:35:00
Iago He's got it in his stomach01:35:04
semi-digested plant matter01:35:07
This is the seasoning I haven’t tried01:35:08
and I’m not going to. To be honest, but based on reviews01:35:12
she's so sour like that01:35:14
some specific smell and here it is01:35:17
The locals absolutely love it01:35:19
because vitamins are in their purest form here01:35:21
also like a seasoning, well, the northern one01:35:23
deer has something in his stomach anyway01:35:25
there is Well, something is probably yes It looks like01:35:28
coffee that the monkey is pumping out here01:35:31
this is not a monkey and the colors of the colors are01:35:36
well, vivea is a predatory one, well, she’s closer to a cat01:35:40
I really want to finish this program01:35:43
Stanislav's main family recipe01:35:45
Drobyshevsky, what do you like to eat? I01:35:48
all01:35:49
I eat that's why I don't know what it is01:35:52
this is the last thing I ate01:35:55
cooked something boiled01:35:56
pork tongue uh Well, my wife doesn’t01:35:59
he loves pork knitting and he loves it too01:36:01
she is there01:36:08
play the fool because she eats01:36:10
but pork is not pork, I just eat it01:36:13
for some reason she doesn't like it, well, well, well01:36:15
and it’s not like the family recipe is simple01:36:17
what was the last thing I cooked and ate and so on01:36:20
mainly if you let me go01:36:22
pickup, as it were, yes Well, that's what I'm there for01:36:24
as a student I ate some of this01:36:26
there are fried chicken legs and something like that01:36:28
rice here uh well how about me if01:36:31
I will feed you rice and chicken01:36:33
happy satisfied Well fried chicken01:36:35
as if that's all I don't need anything else01:36:37
or stewed I have all the recipes01:36:39
very simple sequence01:36:41
take something and put it on the frying pan01:36:44
Well, as an option, we wrap it in foil01:36:46
and into oven A and wait for it to cook01:36:49
Well, there I'll sprinkle some salt there01:36:51
yes there are sometimes some spices if01:36:52
I won’t forget there and so, well, salt and that01:36:55
Sometimes I forget, so I put it in and wait until01:36:57
will be cooked there in a saucepan in a frying pan01:36:59
oven it doesn't matter in general there01:37:01
fish meat anything Well, every time01:37:04
It turns out in short like a real ancient01:37:06
man into the fire And that's it01:37:10
yes thank you very much very interesting I have01:37:13
My jaw hurts already from smiling and laughing01:37:16
very cool friends thank you very much for01:37:19
watch us and support us without yours01:37:22
it would be enough to make donations for new episodes01:37:24
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[music]01:38:10
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Поддержать проект из России: https://boosty.to/apogovoritshow Поддержать проект из других стран: https://www.patreon.com/apogovorit Стать спонсором YouTube канала: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCp2J7GRxQ36QLqW4ReLLt5g/join Читай нас в Telegram: https://teleg.one/apogovoritofficial Ирина Шихман берет эксклюзивные интервью у самых неожиданных гостей! А поговорить?.. НАМ РАССКАЖУТ ВСЕ! НАСТОЯЩИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ (ИНФОРМАЦИЯ) ПРОИЗВЕДЕН И (ИЛИ) РАСПРОСТРАНЕН ИНОСТРАННЫМ АГЕНТОМ РФ ИРИНОЙ ЮРЬЕВНОЙ ШИХМАН ЛИБО КАСАЕТСЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ИНОСТРАННОГО АГЕНТА РФ ИРИНЫ ЮРЬЕВНЫ ШИХМАН 00:00:00 Почему у племен со скудным рационом такие хорошие зубы? 00:06:09 Как питались люди в каменном веке? И причем тут палиодиета? 00:11:05 О сыроедах и вегетарианцах 00:14:24 Травоядные и мясоеды: кого больше? 00:15:47 Человек — хищник, травоядный или всеядный? 00:17:24 Почему древние люди почти не ели рыбу? 00:18:46 Что не входило в рацион питания древних людей? 00:19:51 Когда начали есть хлеб? 00:21:26 Как кости рыб, найденные при раскопках, сохранились до наших дней? 00:23:49 Самые интересные находки 00:26:43 Кто самый первый предок человека и что он ел? 00:28:15 Почему эволюционно люди перестали есть насекомых? 00:29:04 Как в Африке делают котлеты из комаров 00:30:52 Чем отличаются зубы травоядных и хищников? 00:35:04 Растительноядные предки человека 00:36:12 Когда предки человека начали есть мясо? 00:39:20 Что ели во времена ледникового периода? 00:43:23 Почему большинство млекопитающих едят траву? 00:45:11 Предки людей были падальщиками? 00:46:29 Как охотились на ежей 00:47:18 Травились ли падалью? 00:50:27 Первобытные люди из Африки ушли на север из-за дефицита еды? 00:52:47 Почему люди стали ходить на двух ногах? 00:57:23 Как появление огня повлияло на питание и внешний вид человека? 00:59:10 Для чего древние люди выжигали леса? 01:03:30 Что появилось раньше: огонь или вяленное мясо? 01:04:22 Древние люди запасали еду? 01:06:36 Использование огня для приготовления пищи 01:10:32 Как неандертальцы варили пищу 01:12:34 Был ли каннибализм? 01:15:25 Как сельское хозяйство изменило жизнь человека? 01:18:55 Возникновение земледелия и скотоводства 01:20:56 Почему земледельцы не стали вегетарианцами? 01:23:05 Существовало ли понятие «рецепт»? 01:24:24 Когда возникла кулинария? 01:28:49 Первая найденная посуда 01:30:33 Существовали ли первобытные кафе? 01:32:35 Когда появились напитки и алкоголь? 01:35:33 Использовали ли древние люди приправы? 01:38:36 Любимые блюда Станислава Дробышевского Подпишись на канал https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCp2J7GRxQ36QLqW4ReLLt5g?sub_confirmation=1 *Instagram — принадлежит американской компании Meta, которую признали экстремистской, запрещён на территории РФ. **Meta — материнская компания Facebook, WhatsApp и Instagram. Признана экстремистской и запрещена на территории РФ
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