Download "Русский флот и Февральская революция. Цифровая история. Интервью с Кириллом Назаренко.."

Please wait. We're preparing links for easy ad-free video watching and downloading.

Previous video: "Империализм - как высшая стадия капитализма". В.И. Ленин.Next video: Беседа об элитаризме и не только (Ежи Сармат)

Беседа об элитаризме и не только (Ежи Сармат)

Беседа об элитаризме и не только (Ежи Сармат)

Channel: Рабкор

"Империализм - как высшая стадия капитализма". В.И. Ленин.

"Империализм - как высшая стадия капитализма". В.И. Ленин.

Channel: Комиссар Лис

Легенды армии Михаил Фрунзе

Легенды армии Михаил Фрунзе

Channel: Алексей Ефимов

Народно-освободительная война Югославии 1941 - 1945 гг.

Народно-освободительная война Югославии 1941 - 1945 гг.

Channel: Канал ТЕЗИС

История России с Алексеем ГОНЧАРОВЫМ. Лекция 117. Великая Октябрьская социалистическая революция

История России с Алексеем ГОНЧАРОВЫМ. Лекция 117. Великая Октябрьская социалистическая революция

Channel: Алексей Гончаров и КУЛЬТ-УРАЛ

(НЕ)ДОГМАТИЧНОСТЬ ЛЕНИНА И РОССИЙСКИЕ ЛЕВЫЕ / Алексей Сафронов. Простые Числа

(НЕ)ДОГМАТИЧНОСТЬ ЛЕНИНА И РОССИЙСКИЕ ЛЕВЫЕ / Алексей Сафронов. Простые Числа

Channel: Рабкор

Декабрьские события 1986 года: борьба за независимость?

Декабрьские события 1986 года: борьба за независимость?

Channel: Красная Юрта

Платошкин: Убить Кастро // Опиум, проституция и казино // Орден Плайя-Хирон // ЦРУ и Гусанос (pt.34)

Платошкин: Убить Кастро // Опиум, проституция и казино // Орден Плайя-Хирон // ЦРУ и Гусанос (pt.34)

Channel: Историческое Чтиво

Ленин поздравляет с днем рождения. Именное видео поздравление.

Ленин поздравляет с днем рождения. Именное видео поздравление.

Channel: Здравляйка - Именные видео поздравления

СССР. 1954 год. За вкусную пищу. О пищевой промышленности Москвы. Документальный фильм

СССР. 1954 год. За вкусную пищу. О пищевой промышленности Москвы. Документальный фильм

Channel: time Interest

Русский флот

Февральская революция

1917

флот

февральская революция

первая мировая война

1917 год

история

СССР

Российская империя

революция

большевики

Ленин

Керенский

октябрьская революция

Временное правительство

Октябрьская революция

Первая мировая

социализм

первая мировая

1914

эсеры

история России

Николай ii

первая мировая россия

начало первой мировой

Цифровая история

Егор Яковлев

Дмитрий Пучков

Goblin

Троцкий

Война на уничтожение

коммунизм

дмитрий пучков

00:00:08

good afternoon with you, I am Egor Yakovlev and this is a

00:00:11

digital story. Today our guest is

00:00:13

again Kirill Borisovich Nazarenko Doctor of

00:00:16

Historical Sciences Professor of

00:00:17

St. Petersburg State

00:00:18

University girl Borisovich Dorset

00:00:21

Today we will continue the

00:00:24

interesting dialogue that began last time about the fleet in the fate of the

00:00:28

Russian Revolution of 1917 Kilya Borisovich

00:00:32

let's start with this,

00:00:34

please tell me, is it possible to say that the

00:00:37

fleet played a decisive role in the February

00:00:41

revolution, well, we visited the February

00:00:43

revolution, I wouldn’t say that the fleet played a

00:00:46

secondary role, the main role was played by

00:00:49

Petrograd, it was such a purely

00:00:52

Petrograd revolution, the workers of

00:00:54

Petrograd and the soldiers of the Petrograd

00:00:56

garrison

00:00:57

played a decisive role the role of the fleet was

00:01:01

on the periphery, but the fleet supported the February revolution,

00:01:03

of course there were 2

00:01:07

immediate reasons for this, on the one hand, the

00:01:11

mood among the sailors en masse was

00:01:13

appropriate, and on the other hand, the

00:01:16

officers of the Baltic Fleet, who were

00:01:19

interested in politics, so to speak,

00:01:21

first of all, the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet

00:01:24

was entirely in positions, well, if

00:01:28

whether there is a general or

00:01:30

admiral's conspiracy, the question of a

00:01:33

general's or admiral's or

00:01:35

grand duke's conspiracy as one of the

00:01:37

driving forces of the February revolution is

00:01:39

quite curious, but it seems to me that

00:01:41

here it needs to be resolved correctly, and

00:01:43

for example, there is an opinion that here the admiral is not

00:01:47

singing the commander of the Baltic fleet

00:01:49

because he was a monarchist, so he is not

00:01:52

could have participated for Paul the First, they were also

00:01:54

killed by monarchists, they are not Jacobins, and it

00:01:57

seems to me that they could have Rasputin, but

00:02:00

they sawed him up, he was the monarch after all of the stage of

00:02:02

the series, but he was on the nearest roads, and Peter

00:02:05

the Third and Paul the First were killed by monarchists

00:02:08

and therefore there was nothing in it

00:02:10

It’s amazing that the idea of saving the

00:02:13

monarchy from the monarch can easily

00:02:16

appear in the head of any monarchist, and

00:02:18

there is a diary of Ivan Ivanovich

00:02:21

Erengard, who was a captain of the 2nd

00:02:22

rank and one of the officers of the

00:02:26

Baltic Fleet headquarters in terms of influence, he

00:02:28

was probably in the second 2 3

00:02:31

position at the headquarters and he personally could influence on

00:02:34

Nepenina, his diary very well

00:02:36

describes the situation at the headquarters behind the scenes and he

00:02:40

writes there that what they were most afraid of was

00:02:43

that Nicholas would be able to regain control of

00:02:45

the position of remaining on the throne, and when

00:02:49

the information came that Nicholas had abdicated and

00:02:52

Michael would become king, they shouted hurray for the

00:02:54

new sovereign,

00:02:56

they took the accession to the throne very positively Mikhail,

00:02:59

but the further development of the revolution was

00:03:01

no longer included in the plans of the conspirator, and why were

00:03:04

they afraid that Nicholas’s shares were so low? Yes,

00:03:08

Nicholas II was able, during his

00:03:11

reign, to completely waste the

00:03:14

authority that any

00:03:16

monarch enjoyed by default; in general, this

00:03:18

authority of the monarch by default cannot be

00:03:20

discounted. I can give

00:03:21

such an example in the Council of Ministers when

00:03:25

some financial issues were discussed

00:03:27

on the eve of the First World War, there in

00:03:29

12-13 a dispute constantly arose

00:03:31

between the military and the Ministry of Finance and

00:03:34

that the military wanted money per month

00:03:36

finance naturally did not want to

00:03:38

give it to anyone, sometimes resorted to

00:03:41

I would say a rather childish technique when

00:03:44

they openly distorted certain

00:03:46

passages from the

00:03:47

justifications that the War Ministry

00:03:49

attached to certain expenditure projects, well,

00:03:52

let’s say they

00:03:55

asked the War Ministry to increase

00:03:57

allocations for the procurement of

00:03:59

rifle cartridges for the mobilization reserve,

00:04:01

less than us answered that this is impossible

00:04:04

because you just they asked to

00:04:06

increase the supply of cartridges for

00:04:07

practical shooting with machine guns, but

00:04:10

this is a completely different

00:04:11

assignment, but as soon as one of the

00:04:14

ministers remembered

00:04:16

some phrase of the tsar or a resolution of the tsar

00:04:19

that could somehow be pulled

00:04:22

by the ears to this situation and

00:04:23

interpreted as the highest will, the

00:04:25

hottest debate here stopped, and

00:04:28

even if some miss

00:04:32

categorically disagreed with such a

00:04:34

formulation of the question, he immediately

00:04:36

stopped arguing because it

00:04:40

was unacceptable to argue with the expressed will of the monarch,

00:04:44

even if the monarch himself was not Peter the

00:04:47

First there or Catherine the Second, and so

00:04:50

after all, at the top you need to look for the luminary

00:04:54

of the bureaucracy, people occupying the highest positions

00:04:57

in the bureaucratic apparatus, it is clear that these are

00:04:59

people who are not romantically inclined

00:05:02

and people who do not treat the monarch

00:05:05

with some kind of childish love or

00:05:07

teenage love and

00:05:09

can look at him quite critically, but

00:05:11

the magic of the

00:05:13

Tsar’s name itself it was such that the minister could not

00:05:16

speak out against the will of the monarch, even if it was

00:05:20

not the monarchy who expressed it, but if someone

00:05:22

somehow interpreted it and possessing such

00:05:26

authority inherited from his ancestors,

00:05:29

Nicholas II managed to completely

00:05:32

squander it all, but by the way,

00:05:33

his phrase in the diary is typical of

00:05:36

treason cowardice and deceit that he wrote

00:05:38

after his abdication,

00:05:39

but one might think that it was

00:05:41

his

00:05:44

general and his court ministers who fell to Nicholas the First, and

00:05:46

not he himself appointed them, who appointed

00:05:49

cowardly, vile and unfaithful and

00:05:53

unfaithful generals and the minister himself, Nicholas the

00:05:56

Second, to positions and why- then

00:05:59

somehow such phrases did not come out of Peter the First, for

00:06:00

some reason he turned out to be returned, although

00:06:04

there was an immense traitor Mazepa, but

00:06:07

Peter somehow could not say that

00:06:08

all the

00:06:09

traitors around him were cowards and deceivers, but with Nicholas

00:06:13

the Second it happened and Nicholas the Second

00:06:15

had a unique negative

00:06:16

personnel instinct, or so he said, that is,

00:06:18

of all possible appointments, he always

00:06:21

chose the worst and as a result, there were

00:06:24

no major figures left around him. At the

00:06:26

end of his reign, let's return to the fleet. I

00:06:31

asked my first question precisely

00:06:33

because an outbreak of murders in the film took place in the fleet in February 17.

00:06:36

officers,

00:06:39

why is that so, yes, but these murders

00:06:41

of officers were one of the most striking

00:06:43

episodes of the February revolution, but

00:06:45

by the way, now they really like to say that they used to

00:06:46

say that it was great

00:06:49

and bloodless, although in fact it was

00:06:51

bloody, well, first of all, this is an

00:06:53

overexposure from a sky point of view in

00:06:56

Soviet historiography, the February

00:06:57

revolution was never called great and the

00:06:59

USSR was bloodless after the February

00:07:03

revolution, they let this phrase

00:07:04

enter, but if we evaluate

00:07:07

historically the events of the February

00:07:09

revolution, we will see that the number of

00:07:11

victims of February was very small by

00:07:13

historical standards, because it is clear that they do

00:07:16

not go but in no comparison with the number of

00:07:18

victims of the civil war, of course, it is

00:07:22

clear that when we say that

00:07:24

the revolution was almost bloodless, for example,

00:07:27

but if we take the events there in 1708 of the

00:07:29

ninth year, that in the Bastille he was

00:07:32

really almost homeless, but this

00:07:34

almost does not mean

00:07:35

absolutely bloodless and against the backdrop of

00:07:38

events and then the Jacobin terror,

00:07:40

say, or

00:07:41

the events in the Vendée, of course, the storming of the Bastille,

00:07:43

you are practically without a circle at all, a revolution

00:07:47

that is ripe, as a rule, begins

00:07:49

quite peacefully in the sense that the regime,

00:07:52

which is already rotten in Russia and has exhausted

00:07:56

its resources, does not have defenders

00:07:58

who would be willing to sacrifice theirs with

00:08:01

their lives to protect this regime and in this

00:08:05

sense, the February events of 17 in

00:08:07

Petrograd are very typical;

00:08:09

there were practically no people who would be ready to

00:08:12

defend the tsarist government to the last drop of blood

00:08:14

in 1905 there

00:08:18

were much more such people and therefore the

00:08:20

course of the revolution of 5–7 was different and the

00:08:23

outcome was different,

00:08:24

and now the authority of Nicholas has fallen even lower

00:08:28

and the authority of the monarchy, in general, too,

00:08:31

because if there were strong

00:08:33

monarchist sentiments in Russia, then it was certainly

00:08:36

not Michael, then someone else would have stepped on

00:08:38

the throne, and so the monarchy was what

00:08:42

is called a beat historical map in

00:08:44

these conditions, it’s like, again, a parallel

00:08:48

can be drawn with the great French Revolution

00:08:49

when in the

00:08:52

early 90s the French were already

00:08:56

rather funny, the thoughts of the monarchs were funny

00:09:00

and after the restoration the Bourbon monarchy

00:09:04

caused a lot of ridicule

00:09:05

right away because the form itself is

00:09:09

but frankly not corresponded to the

00:09:11

historical era in the country, but if we

00:09:13

return to the murder of officers, then why did

00:09:16

they start talking so much because the

00:09:18

Russian fleet in the First World War

00:09:20

suffered small losses, about 140

00:09:23

officers died during

00:09:25

hostilities, this is only until the end of the seventeenth

00:09:27

year in both active

00:09:30

Black Sea fleets and the Baltic and

00:09:33

this amounted to from two to four

00:09:36

percent of the officer corps,

00:09:38

depending on what to compare with the

00:09:40

end of the war or with the middle of the war with

00:09:42

numbers, it still did not

00:09:44

compare with the losses of the

00:09:46

ground army and those approximately

00:09:48

60 victims of the February events in

00:09:52

Kronstadt, Petrograd and Helsingfors

00:09:54

among naval officers against this background

00:09:57

really looked very significant,

00:09:59

very large numbers and I would say that

00:10:04

there are different attitudes here in the

00:10:06

memory stick and in historiography to these

00:10:09

events because on the one hand in the

00:10:12

emigrant memory stick there were two tich

00:10:14

one Maurice you

00:10:15

tried and fought sailors and there

00:10:19

are such phrases that they were killed not

00:10:22

by sailors but by people dressed in sailor

00:10:24

clothes, well, that’s what I think now it

00:10:27

would be in great demand, yes, this is the

00:10:30

direction of moiré style that gave rise to the myth

00:10:32

about the participation of German spies in these murders

00:10:35

yours murder, not singing about this, German

00:10:37

spies, but I haven’t read yet about the English participation of

00:10:39

English spies, I

00:10:42

must say in these

00:10:45

events, and the second tendency is to

00:10:48

demonize what is happening and usually

00:10:51

memoirists who belonged to

00:10:53

this trend,

00:10:54

painting depicted

00:10:57

all sorts of cruelties associated with these murders,

00:10:59

but also searched, relished cruelty in

00:11:03

Soviet historiography, well,

00:11:06

they treated it quite calmly,

00:11:09

they passed by, well, they just understood that

00:11:10

it didn’t all somehow decorate the appearance of the

00:11:13

sailors, because the sailors acquired

00:11:16

almost immediately after the February revolution

00:11:19

the image of the beauty and pride of the revolution, but this

00:11:21

phrase belongs to Trotsky, but

00:11:24

this idea in itself that the sailors are a

00:11:27

particularly revolutionary force was entrenched in the

00:11:30

consciousness, and even if the sailor personally was

00:11:33

not involved in any revolutionary action,

00:11:35

then the simple appearance of a man in an

00:11:38

NK uniform there in a pea coat and a cap immediately

00:11:40

evoked the corresponding associations, but

00:11:44

there were Soviet era authors who

00:11:48

they wrote that the sailors

00:11:50

delivered their blows with amazing accuracy, but Fedor

00:11:53

Fedorovich Ilyin Raskolnikov wrote about this

00:11:55

so that only those who

00:11:57

were bright and obvious counter-revolutionaries would suffer,

00:12:00

those who mocked the sailors, those who

00:12:04

did this, this is arbitrariness

00:12:06

in pre-revolutionary times, but this is also not the

00:12:09

case, if you take statistics, but it

00:12:11

seems to me that statistical analysis

00:12:13

can give something

00:12:14

if we look at those who fell

00:12:17

victims to these events, we will see that

00:12:19

if we compare the number of killed and the

00:12:23

total number of this group of officers,

00:12:26

yes, we will see, for example, that there

00:12:29

were a little more than three percent of generals and admirals killed

00:12:32

out of the total number of generals and

00:12:34

admirals,

00:12:35

while the headquarters and chief officers are about

00:12:37

one percent, that is, it is clear that the blow

00:12:40

to the generals and admirals was

00:12:42

stronger than to other categories; on the

00:12:45

other hand, we will see that the

00:12:48

bulk of the victims fall on

00:12:51

admiralty officers and officers built

00:12:53

and basically it was either the

00:12:56

commander of the boat, senior officers,

00:12:58

company commanders and commanders of formations both

00:13:02

coastal since arabel

00:13:04

these are the people in whose hands the entire disciplinary power was located; a

00:13:08

feature of the pre-revolutionary

00:13:09

disciplinary pre-revolutionary

00:13:11

disciplinary charter

00:13:12

was that junior officers

00:13:15

had practically no disciplinary legal relations between

00:13:17

soldiers and sailors and

00:13:19

company commanders and then regimental

00:13:21

commanders had disciplinary rights, but in the navy, then company

00:13:23

commanders and ship commanders, senior

00:13:25

ship officers, these were the people

00:13:27

who could really, with their

00:13:30

disciplinary practice, arouse

00:13:32

serious hostility from the sailors, and it is

00:13:34

clear that it was this category that

00:13:36

suffered the most severely, but

00:13:40

in addition, it should undoubtedly be noted that

00:13:42

in the example of a mechanical engineer,

00:13:44

only two mechanical engineers suffered very little, and

00:13:46

this is less than three tenths of a percent of the

00:13:49

total number of mechanical engineers,

00:13:50

while combat officers suffered about one and a

00:13:52

half percent

00:13:54

of the total number, which

00:13:56

again indicates that The

00:13:58

sailors had a better relationship with the engineer and mechanics;

00:14:00

they were warmer

00:14:03

than with the combatant officers; and of course

00:14:06

there were random victims; there were officers

00:14:09

who, let’s say, could go along with this

00:14:14

or that admiral; they were a general who

00:14:17

aroused the hatred of the sailors there;

00:14:18

some junior officers killed him.

00:14:20

because of the company, as they say, there were

00:14:23

cases when sailors broke into,

00:14:26

say, a ship, and in at least one

00:14:28

such case and killed three officers

00:14:30

who were sitting in the wardroom of the

00:14:32

ship who was the target of this murder,

00:14:36

why exactly these officers were

00:14:39

killed there, the question is not resolved by him I will ask you

00:14:44

almost without interrupting I wonder what happened

00:14:47

in the case of the commander of the Baltic Fleet

00:14:49

mentioned by the admiral, a penny to me,

00:14:51

well, the admiral is not pinin, generally speaking, the

00:14:55

attitude towards himself caused, so to speak,

00:14:58

ambiguity on the part of the sailors

00:15:00

because he was only

00:15:02

appointed commander of the Baltic Fleet in the fall of 16 and

00:15:05

he began his activity pulling up

00:15:07

external discipline a well-known story is that

00:15:09

he rode through the versions of the force and arrested

00:15:11

39 sailors for incorrectly saluting

00:15:14

saluting was a complex

00:15:15

ritual there were three different forms of

00:15:19

saluting but let’s say in relation to an admiral

00:15:22

or general the lower rank had to

00:15:25

become in frome it was necessary for ten

00:15:27

steps to welcome him stand at attention

00:15:30

turn sideways to a

00:15:32

passing admiral or general

00:15:34

put your hand across the river follow the

00:15:37

admiral or general with your eyes

00:15:39

wait until he walks ten steps

00:15:41

then turn and move the

00:15:43

same route of course a similar

00:15:48

exercise

00:15:49

but they were certainly trained as sailors but

00:15:53

when the service sailors were approaching their fifth,

00:15:56

sixth and seventh years in the conditions of the First

00:15:58

World War, all these rituals were already

00:16:02

beginning to be perceived a little as

00:16:04

unnecessary, and but everyone who served in the army

00:16:07

knows what to demand from a demobilization trump

00:16:11

there were pulled out, of course, but

00:16:13

this will cause a

00:16:14

very negative emotion and not always

00:16:18

perhaps, well, it’s clear

00:16:21

that a recruit will definitely be forced to do something, and

00:16:23

when on March 3, Kostin,

00:16:27

part of the ships of the fleet received a

00:16:29

radiogram that was sent, it was

00:16:31

clear to one of the sailors, but the

00:16:32

unknown of which ship it

00:16:35

said something like the following, don’t believe

00:16:36

the tyrant, remember the order to salute

00:16:39

shift, the radiogram called not to

00:16:42

believe a penny, well, not to believe that he

00:16:44

took the side of

00:16:45

the revolution and did not really

00:16:48

try to talk to the sailors to tell you on March 3,

00:16:52

he met with delegates from the sailors, but

00:16:55

again the same Lingard does not take

00:16:58

this meeting at face value and not entirely

00:17:02

captures the fact that it is quite

00:17:04

obvious that the

00:17:06

sailors sent delegates to the flagship ship, well,

00:17:09

apparently not those who were their real

00:17:12

leaders, because it is clear that suspicion

00:17:14

was very great and

00:17:17

no one forgot the event of 5-7 when the uprising in the

00:17:20

navy was resolutely suppressed and

00:17:24

hard labor then the death penalty awaited those

00:17:27

who actively participated in them, it is clear that

00:17:30

some people were sent to the commander, but in

00:17:33

relation to whom the sailors would be less

00:17:36

worried if they were suddenly arrested, but or

00:17:38

those who simply had nothing to show for it

00:17:40

and it is clear that it was impossible to perceive them as

00:17:44

real leaders of the sailor masses The

00:17:47

headquarters officers perceived it this way

00:17:51

and such a calm positive reaction

00:17:53

to the conversation with these sailors

00:17:55

at headquarters was perceived by these sailors as the fact that it was not Pinin who

00:17:58

had taken over the minds

00:17:59

and he was already able to talk to the sailor about what

00:18:03

the sailors asked the sailor display cases cardboard

00:18:05

also an interesting story lingard he writes

00:18:07

they asked for some nonsense, it

00:18:09

was said that

00:18:11

they were to be fired more on shore, so that these

00:18:13

small quibbles in honor were not stuck so much,

00:18:18

well, Rengar tone writes

00:18:21

that it was just painful to look at

00:18:24

Adrian, he calls the Nepenin by name in

00:18:27

the diary who are so exhausted here tell him

00:18:29

all sorts of nonsense,

00:18:31

but the mattress we’ll see it’s not

00:18:34

nonsense, the sailor it was not nonsense on the one

00:18:36

hand, and these everyday requirements for the

00:18:38

sailors were pressing, but this is the

00:18:42

absence of political demands

00:18:44

that these sailors expressed, I would

00:18:46

also classify the area of

00:18:48

tactics in behavior because the sailors

00:18:50

didn’t know how to react, they didn’t know

00:18:52

how things would end, and if they had

00:18:55

immediately raised a demand for the creation of

00:18:57

sailor councils to the admiral, they would have put their

00:18:59

heads in the noose; if events

00:19:01

had turned out differently, they themselves would

00:19:03

have signed that they were

00:19:05

criminal conspirators and suppressed

00:19:08

themselves under the corresponding article of the sea

00:19:11

vessel was tired, but on the same day, at the same time, the

00:19:16

sailors of the skerry detachment of the

00:19:18

Baltic Fleet passed a resolution in

00:19:20

which,

00:19:21

well, it’s already without beginning that it was adopted

00:19:23

at a meeting of sailors where

00:19:26

political demands were heard, let’s say

00:19:27

demands for support for the provisional

00:19:29

government, you should bear the political

00:19:31

prisoners sent to front of gendarmes

00:19:33

and policemen and replacing them with wounded and

00:19:36

sick soldiers and sailors from the front of the

00:19:40

abolition of special criminal articles for

00:19:43

sailors and for officers, a single

00:19:48

uniform measure of punishment such as

00:19:51

was due for officers on the old

00:19:53

ship, tired, that is, the requirements are already

00:19:55

quite serious and quite

00:19:57

sound, while it is characteristic that they were not

00:20:01

presented by Admiral Nepenin,

00:20:03

that again, the sailors understood that these

00:20:05

demands were not pinin and would not be able to

00:20:07

implement as the commander of the fleet

00:20:09

can no longer resolve the issue for us

00:20:12

by sending gendarmes and police to the front,

00:20:14

this is a general political question and the sailors

00:20:16

should not be portrayed as people who are Russian

00:20:19

wooden heads in general they didn’t

00:20:21

understand who they were dealing with and

00:20:23

had a pretty good understanding of who

00:20:25

among the authorities could do what, and they understood

00:20:28

that the fleet commander could authorize

00:20:30

shore leave, could give the command

00:20:33

not to be strict, I salute, but

00:20:38

there a democratic republic in Russia

00:20:41

cannot establish it, it’s pointless

00:20:43

to present it anxiety, but this

00:20:46

misunderstanding between the command

00:20:48

and the sailor masses on March 4 resulted

00:20:52

in murder, not a penny, he was taken to

00:20:54

meet the State Duma deputies

00:20:56

who were supposed to come to

00:20:59

Helsingfors, well, it happened in the

00:21:02

area to that onopka of modern

00:21:04

Helsinki, this is or skat undone as it

00:21:06

was called Previously, exactly where the

00:21:09

Viking terminal is located now,

00:21:11

if anyone has been to Helsinki, this is a well-known

00:21:14

place, there was the Sveagrian port, a

00:21:18

military Russian port, and right there,

00:21:21

higher up there, on the ice, a non-Pinin

00:21:25

with several officers and a rather

00:21:28

large crowd of sailors came ashore and they went

00:21:30

towards the station

00:21:31

not far away, literally about fifteen minutes

00:21:33

on foot, but at the gates of the Svir

00:21:35

port, someone shot him in the back, not a

00:21:38

piano, and now he fell, and after that,

00:21:43

according to one version, he was finished off with bayonets, according to

00:21:45

another version, he

00:21:46

was not finished off with bayonets, and as a

00:21:50

result, he died in this way, but the crowd

00:21:53

dispersed quite quickly, which

00:21:55

gathered around him, the body was then

00:21:58

taken to the Helsingfors morgue and

00:22:00

buried in accordance with accepted

00:22:03

traditions, but it is clear that this sudden

00:22:07

murder was immediately overgrown with

00:22:10

all sorts of rumors, but it seems to me that if

00:22:13

German agents are mixed up here, it

00:22:15

would be extremely strange because but this this means

00:22:18

that then the Germans had to have

00:22:21

agents from among the sailors serving on

00:22:24

the ships, and given the state of communication technology at that time,

00:22:28

but it is very difficult for me to

00:22:30

imagine what benefit, firstly,

00:22:32

these agents could bring and, secondly, how they

00:22:36

could receive some kind of directives from

00:22:38

their leadership and most likely

00:22:42

the murder, don’t drink, it was like that, well, as if to

00:22:46

say, a pass through the hands of the sailors

00:22:48

who were afraid that not pinin would be able to

00:22:50

really take control of the situation in the fleet

00:22:54

and again subjugate the sailors and

00:22:58

lead them somewhere in the wrong direction

00:23:01

politically, I should also support the

00:23:04

provisional government or

00:23:06

preserve the old tsarist order there, at

00:23:09

least under a provisional government, so

00:23:12

here I think that this should be taken in the same context

00:23:16

as the murder of the

00:23:17

admiral, probably in Kronstadt,

00:23:19

I’ll just explain that from your story I

00:23:23

understood that it was not even lynching, that

00:23:25

is, not a Nepenin he was killed, not torn to pieces by the

00:23:28

crowd, but he was killed simply from around the corner, yes,

00:23:33

but at the same time, because from around the corner, he could not

00:23:35

have been killed by some civilian there, for

00:23:37

example, that is, it is obvious that it was

00:23:39

one of the sailors because there

00:23:41

couldn’t have been anyone on the territory of the port,

00:23:44

it was a group of people who were filming

00:23:47

if Vologda came upon us

00:23:50

at the same time this was a murder of Verona, a knife to

00:23:53

others was taken to the anchor square,

00:23:55

clearly intending to do something to him, but they did

00:23:58

n’t finish it, then on the way he was killed, also

00:24:00

lined up behind but again, when the

00:24:02

pedal is on and the topic of a shot in the back

00:24:04

arises, the question arises, what then did you, like

00:24:07

Vysotsky as a pilot, shoot at point-blank range and it is

00:24:09

much better if it was from the front that approached him and

00:24:11

shot him, but murder is

00:24:13

murder, but there is nothing in this murder, well,

00:24:18

how can I say, special cruelty in there

00:24:20

was no, if we speak so modernly,

00:24:21

as for example, a general was killed in the spirit, but they did not tear

00:24:24

apart, and of course they did not tear apart the

00:24:27

feather beds and no dismemberment, well, how

00:24:29

would you feel, the lawyers would say that

00:24:31

this crime happened without any particular cruelty,

00:24:35

but it is clear that the

00:24:39

provisional government itself was absolutely

00:24:41

not interested in we are spinning these

00:24:44

murders, it is typical that all those killed were

00:24:46

excluded from the lists of the fleet by orders with the

00:24:49

wording of

00:24:50

how they died, but on the one hand it was

00:24:53

true, but on the other hand, not everything is true,

00:24:55

only four officers in the seventeenth year

00:24:58

were excluded from the lists, killed by

00:25:01

commands who forgot duty and conscience, these are

00:25:04

four officers shot during the

00:25:07

Kornilov on the battleship Petropavlovsk, but

00:25:09

Admiral Verderevsky had the courage to

00:25:11

issue an order for exclusion from the lists

00:25:14

with this wording, but everyone became

00:25:17

so the bones are difficult to make a distinction

00:25:20

between the officers who died a natural death in the

00:25:22

seventeenth year and those killed, this

00:25:24

work is not so simple, it may seem

00:25:27

because for some

00:25:29

officers, information on the

00:25:31

circumstances of the murder was not preserved, for example,

00:25:33

the service record left the inscription “died in the

00:25:36

revolution,” it must be assumed that the phrase “died in the

00:25:40

revolution” clearly hints that he was

00:25:43

killed during the revolutionary events, that

00:25:45

if a person died from an illness,

00:25:47

it would hardly be associated with the revolution she

00:25:50

said that several officers died for

00:25:53

completely natural reasons in the

00:25:54

seventeenth year, which was quite understandable

00:25:56

and all of them, and by the way, all these truths

00:25:59

died naturally,

00:26:02

they are all recorded in some works in the

00:26:08

killed and in general the number of killed was

00:26:12

recorded quite a lot was at first an

00:26:13

emigrant migrant memoirist my for

00:26:16

later are not very deep

00:26:18

modern historians, but at least three dozen

00:26:21

officers who safely survived both the

00:26:24

revolution and the civil war, some

00:26:27

were killed under completely different

00:26:28

circumstances there, died in

00:26:30

accidents, died on warships,

00:26:34

but commit suicide by the way, but

00:26:38

about the suicide, several committed

00:26:40

suicide in this is the time, but these

00:26:43

suicides are generally very difficult to carry out

00:26:45

any gradation for what reasons this

00:26:47

was done, and I still would not classify

00:26:52

suicides as the direct victims of

00:26:54

revolutionary dogs, after all,

00:26:56

suicide is the choice of the person themselves;

00:26:59

they are targeted for murder, but these events are

00:27:04

of course very omit,

00:27:07

they agitated the naval officers and the

00:27:10

naval officer did not at all expect that

00:27:12

something like this could happen to them,

00:27:15

they generally underestimated

00:27:17

the abyss that was dug

00:27:20

between them and the sailor, and you also

00:27:23

talked about the phenomenon of a series of murders that

00:27:26

occurred due to the fact that the command did

00:27:29

not inform the sailor masses about the

00:27:32

abdication Nicholas,

00:27:33

well, this is just the murder of the gear set for

00:27:36

themselves, they are mostly connected with

00:27:38

this circumstance because we must keep in

00:27:41

mind that, for example, two officers

00:27:44

killed in Petrograd in the first days of the

00:27:47

February revolution, their death is quite

00:27:50

understandable, they tried to stop the

00:27:52

sailors from joining the revolution,

00:27:55

commander of the cruiser Aurora in particular, in

00:27:57

Nikolsk in Kronstadt,

00:28:02

Admiral Verin, a number of other admirals and

00:28:05

generals, a number of ship commanders and

00:28:07

senior officers fell victims, but this is due, in my

00:28:09

opinion, to a large extent to the fact that,

00:28:12

firstly, the most

00:28:14

restless sailors and, secondly,

00:28:17

officers who were in combat relations were transferred to Kronstadt

00:28:20

not very good, but who could

00:28:22

maintain discipline with an iron fist

00:28:25

among not very good sailors, and in this

00:28:28

sense, in the memoirs of many sailors it sounds

00:28:30

like such a word convict or penal

00:28:33

ship, many ships that were

00:28:35

installed in Kronstadt are called

00:28:37

penal or convict ships, this is certainly a

00:28:39

figurative meaning because formally

00:28:42

and there were no penal ships in the fleet

00:28:44

and there were no convict ships either,

00:28:46

but apparently the sailors talked among themselves

00:28:49

about the fact that here and there the

00:28:50

convict regime of the installations really the

00:28:53

ship commander

00:28:54

could do a lot in relation to the crew and if it

00:28:58

was his will, he could turn the

00:29:00

sailors could not have turned into service on their ship,

00:29:03

and apparently in Kronstadt a

00:29:05

contingent had gathered that

00:29:08

had to withstand everything with a tight grip, but it

00:29:10

is clear that this outburst during the

00:29:13

revolution immediately struck such

00:29:15

officers, but in Helsingfors it was

00:29:18

apparently possible to do without the bloody excesses

00:29:21

because is it time, for example, when where

00:29:25

Admiral Belkin, on his own initiative,

00:29:27

announced

00:29:28

publicly on March 3 the

00:29:31

events taking place there, the sailors ordered the

00:29:34

sailors to be released ashore, they went ashore, they

00:29:36

took part in rallies and demonstrations,

00:29:37

they returned to the ship, they let off steam and there

00:29:40

was no murder, but in Helsingfors

00:29:43

the announcement of the events was delayed and it

00:29:47

is characteristic that the uprising began on the

00:29:50

battleship Pavel the First on which the commander of the

00:29:53

ship also, on his own initiative,

00:29:55

postponed the announcement of the order, not a penny,

00:29:58

which nevertheless came out with a description of the

00:30:00

events that took place and on other

00:30:02

ships between 15 and 16 hours it was

00:30:05

read out to the crew.

00:30:07

Paul decided to postpone this announcement until the evening for some

00:30:10

reason and the sailors began

00:30:13

to talk with other ships; they were

00:30:15

not standing nearby in the harbor, frozen in the ice.

00:30:18

Paul the First's senior officer Yanovsky

00:30:21

rushed to disperse them. Apparently this caused

00:30:25

this explosion because the events

00:30:28

seemed to develop into a logical picture.

00:30:31

that is, everywhere they announced to everyone that the

00:30:33

direction of the revolution was announced and they also

00:30:36

forbade sailors

00:30:38

from other ships who learned about this

00:30:40

image of land revolutionaries from learning about it legally

00:30:41

and it is quite obvious that the

00:30:44

commander of the ship and the elders

00:30:46

planned something against the revolution and they

00:30:48

cannot be given the opportunity to implement

00:30:52

these are your plans,

00:30:54

but you’re also a very small little world on the ship,

00:30:58

and it’s clear that

00:31:01

all sorts of relationships between people accumulate here, and when the

00:31:04

burden of these relationships becomes very

00:31:07

large, there can be a rather

00:31:11

serious outburst, but the

00:31:14

first officers were killed on Paul, the senior officer

00:31:17

was killed, midshipman Bulich, who was on

00:31:19

watch at that time, he was killed, but he was

00:31:21

young, he had just graduated from the

00:31:23

naval corps, and according to Khovrino’s recollections, he

00:31:27

rushed at a meeting with sailors

00:31:29

who were running for weapons shouting

00:31:31

stop, you bastard, this was not the most

00:31:35

appropriate behavior in this situation,

00:31:38

and again, that Khovrin writes that, for

00:31:41

example, the navigator of the ship

00:31:44

Langa suspected him of being a police agent in

00:31:49

general, this is an interesting question because

00:31:51

strictly speaking there are no official

00:31:53

police agents among the officers and there are no

00:31:56

gendarmes, but Langa returned from the shore to the

00:32:02

ship already at the height of the uprising, he was

00:32:04

captured and detained ask who your

00:32:07

agents are among the sailors and at that moment

00:32:10

someone hit him on the

00:32:12

head with a rifle butt, in general, Khovrin writes that most

00:32:15

likely it was one of Lang’s agents

00:32:17

who decided in this way for the

00:32:21

officer to be coded there, and Khovrin himself

00:32:26

Khovrin was then very active a

00:32:28

Bolshevik, an active member of the Centro Bolt, an

00:32:30

active participant in the Civil War,

00:32:32

one of Dybenko’s close associates, but

00:32:35

he was one of the two dozen most

00:32:37

active sailors of the Baltic Fleet,

00:32:40

Khovrin writes about this with regret in general

00:32:43

that since the 1st Art.

00:32:48

they call but the fireman

00:32:50

who was there was known as a not entirely

00:32:53

adequate person who participated in the

00:32:56

murder of an officer,

00:32:57

but then it is clear that this wave had to

00:33:00

grow because the fear

00:33:04

that the uprising would be suppressed

00:33:06

required some kind of way out and

00:33:08

the idea that the bridges were burned

00:33:10

after the murder For several officers,

00:33:12

the fear was very acute because this

00:33:14

feeling was very acute,

00:33:15

well, it is quite obvious that in order to be

00:33:17

shot in wartime, it was generally

00:33:20

enough to raise a hand on an officer, but in the

00:33:23

literal sense of the word, not figuratively, that

00:33:25

is, to swing

00:33:26

for a blow, this was sufficient

00:33:28

grounds for a death sentence and

00:33:30

let’s say if at the same time the sailor’s skin

00:33:34

grabbed the officers and tore off his shoulder straps, then it was

00:33:37

Sasha for a clear death sentence,

00:33:39

and there were such cases before in the fifth year, there

00:33:41

were several cases when

00:33:42

sailors were shot for tearing off an

00:33:44

officer’s skirt because it’s immediate, but

00:33:48

not only is it violence in relation to an

00:33:50

officer,

00:33:51

and in addition, in relation to violence

00:33:53

against any officer, pre-revolutionary

00:33:56

legislation interpreted it as violence

00:33:59

against the immediate superior,

00:34:01

that is, in increasing

00:34:03

gradations, and breaking the shoulder strap also meant

00:34:07

insult by action because this

00:34:09

shoulder strap was one of the symbolic

00:34:11

embodiments of officer’s dignity, there

00:34:13

was violence here in relation to the

00:34:15

new boss and insult, the

00:34:18

actions of the immediate superior and

00:34:19

wartime were enough for a

00:34:21

death sentence, so the sailors

00:34:25

immediately felt that they had crossed

00:34:28

the line and there was no

00:34:31

way back for them, and this video spurred

00:34:34

many to the fact that they needed someone else to

00:34:36

kill in order to already consolidate this

00:34:39

revolution and, accordingly, an epidemic of

00:34:42

murders spread to neighboring ones on the

00:34:44

stem and ships ashore, it

00:34:45

spread to the shore; memoirists wrote

00:34:48

that there were groups of sailors who walked

00:34:51

on the ships and tried to kill someone,

00:34:53

while the reaction of the crew was typical

00:34:56

on small ships to destroyers let's say

00:34:59

where the relationship with the officers was

00:35:01

relatively decent, the crew very

00:35:03

often defended their officers and the

00:35:05

watchman simply did not allow strangers onto the ship,

00:35:07

but if that's the

00:35:10

end of the matter with this sailor walking around with rifles, they

00:35:13

said that we ourselves will sort it out with

00:35:15

our officers, you go somewhere past,

00:35:19

and if you managed to penetrate on the ship,

00:35:22

it could have been such random

00:35:24

murders,

00:35:25

when an officer was killed, the

00:35:28

wardroom earring and of course all this does not

00:35:30

decorate our history, it does not decorate our

00:35:32

fleet, but there is no need to demonize these

00:35:34

events because they were an inevitable

00:35:42

companion to any revolutionary explosion,

00:35:44

if we speak so globally then there are two

00:35:48

ways to solve social revolutions, reforms,

00:35:50

if the reform is delayed, if the reform does not

00:35:53

solve the issue of the issues facing society,

00:35:57

then only revolution remains, therefore,

00:36:02

if Nicholas II

00:36:05

had reacted in his time as needed, and after,

00:36:08

say, the revolution of 5-7, Russia became a

00:36:11

truly switching march, and then

00:36:14

it is possible that the events of 17

00:36:17

would not have happened, but since

00:36:19

the reform was not carried out, all that was left was

00:36:22

the revolution, and given that our

00:36:25

country is large and the problems were

00:36:28

long-standing because

00:36:30

they accumulated for quite a long time and

00:36:33

there were many social problems, it is clear

00:36:35

that

00:36:36

once the revolution began, then it had to

00:36:40

acquire a rather radical

00:36:42

character and there had to be a victim of this revolution,

00:36:45

but not just a few, in any case,

00:36:48

but on the other hand, you see, if we

00:36:50

evaluate the situation from a historical

00:36:52

perspective, then the February revolution,

00:36:56

we see the October revolution, so

00:36:59

radically solved some of the problems of

00:37:01

our society that we are still even now

00:37:03

We can’t even imagine that these

00:37:06

problems once existed, well, here’s an

00:37:08

elementary example, let’s say the civil

00:37:12

rights of women, they are in our society,

00:37:15

this issue was resolved in the seventeenth year

00:37:16

there once and for all, that a woman has

00:37:19

voting rights and civil rights

00:37:21

and the

00:37:22

right to open a bank account there and

00:37:25

engage in any activity not

00:37:27

prohibited by law, but in the same

00:37:29

South America, for example, only in Chile,

00:37:32

for example, after the fall of Pinochet, a woman

00:37:35

received the right to open a bank account in

00:37:37

her own name, but if she was not a widow with

00:37:39

small children who

00:37:42

managed the enterprise and a married woman there had

00:37:44

unmarried parents she didn’t have this

00:37:46

right, and I’m not even talking about any

00:37:49

Arab countries where a woman still

00:37:51

can’t drive a car, these problems

00:37:54

were really radically solved in

00:37:56

our society, or it turned out that

00:37:57

in the United States, under Obama, 8

00:38:00

million Americans received their first

00:38:02

health insurance and access to

00:38:04

medical care are provided in our

00:38:06

society, but with all the shortcomings of our

00:38:08

medicine, for a long time in general everyone

00:38:11

has equal rights to access to

00:38:12

medical care, it may be

00:38:14

better or worse, but in any case, the

00:38:16

inequality of rights to this service is a

00:38:19

formal thread. there are a lot of

00:38:24

countries in which these are still pressing

00:38:26

problems, and

00:38:28

from time to time it’s good to remember what was

00:38:32

given as a result of the revolution of 17,

00:38:35

because sometimes you get the

00:38:40

impression when you listen to

00:38:43

some of the speakers there that

00:38:45

the revolution didn’t bring anything positive at all, but

00:38:48

only fat loss, well, let’s do that

00:38:51

specifically, it reached the fleet until it received

00:38:54

3 vavilots received prevails, I will say about the

00:38:57

challenge, either curtail it or

00:38:58

refute it, as far as I understand, the fleet

00:39:03

was a breeding ground for revolutionary

00:39:05

sentiments, primarily due to the

00:39:07

fact that there was social

00:39:09

segregation there and the revolution was very pronounced and

00:39:11

the main achievement

00:39:13

liquidation in the specialty to move I

00:39:16

agree with this, but here the process turned out to be

00:39:20

more complex, as Confucius said, in order to

00:39:23

straighten something crooked you need to

00:39:26

spark it in the other direction, and this

00:39:28

process of curvature in the other direction

00:39:30

went in the navy, that indeed,

00:39:32

formally, the February revolution swept away

00:39:35

many barriers, I will give an example and let’s say in

00:39:38

our country already on March 20, 1917,

00:39:40

literally less than a month had passed since the

00:39:43

February revolution, I mean, yes, according to the

00:39:44

old style, on March 20, the

00:39:48

first

00:39:50

young people of the Jewish faith at the

00:39:52

end of 1770 were accepted into the wartime officer schools, we already had a

00:39:54

dozen officers close by, mostly from the coast

00:39:57

service Jewish

00:39:59

religion used to be categorically for in

00:40:01

general since the time of Catherine 2,

00:40:07

in general, there was a

00:40:08

categorical ban on the production of Jewish

00:40:10

officers, but this ban, by the way, existed

00:40:13

not only in Russia in Germany, it

00:40:16

actually existed although formally there

00:40:17

were all confessions at

00:40:19

the level, but in fact it was not the

00:40:22

built-in grinder

00:40:25

religion was not an obstacle for

00:40:27

just officers, even generals were of the

00:40:29

Jewish faith in the training of the

00:40:31

Russian army, but not to mention France

00:40:33

there or Great Britain on the other hand,

00:40:36

we immediately in March of the seventeenth year

00:40:40

began enrolling sailors in the schools of

00:40:43

wartime officers who had a

00:40:45

certain educational qualification and

00:40:48

By the way, the graduation was at the end of May of the

00:40:52

seventeenth year of the next ensign

00:40:55

from the Admiralty, the sixth in terms of success in the

00:40:59

sciences was the ensign who at one

00:41:04

time entered the Sevastopol Langley junior school,

00:41:06

then was a non-commissioned officer, but he

00:41:09

really had four classes of education

00:41:10

in that one of the 150 people in At this school there

00:41:14

were mainly young people with a complete

00:41:16

secondary education, that is, this

00:41:18

young man by the last name invigorates was able to

00:41:22

take sixth place in his studies among

00:41:26

young people who had much

00:41:28

more, it would seem, a store of knowledge behind

00:41:30

him, it was

00:41:31

really obvious that he was worthy to

00:41:33

become a naval officer

00:41:36

for people like him, the floodgates were opened by the

00:41:38

February revolution; the February

00:41:41

revolution eliminated

00:41:43

this sharp line between

00:41:45

wartime officers and career officers;

00:41:48

now wartime officers

00:41:50

could be promoted to senior lieutenant and

00:41:52

then, having passed the exam, they could join the

00:41:54

fleet personnel; before that it

00:41:57

was almost unrealistic then there was

00:42:01

access to cadet corps for

00:42:03

children of the lower ranks,

00:42:05

absolutely impossible things for tsarist

00:42:07

Russia,

00:42:10

class restrictions for admission to

00:42:13

individual Mariinsk towns and classes were completely eliminated, that

00:42:15

is, the road was opened to obtain a

00:42:18

china combatant naval officer for all

00:42:22

people from all over the world, if before there were

00:42:24

peasants and workers, as I understand it, not that

00:42:26

earlier, without class, there was admission only to the

00:42:29

naval engineering school from which

00:42:31

shipbuilders,

00:42:32

mechanical engineers

00:42:33

and combat officers graduated, which means that

00:42:36

the father had to have either a higher education

00:42:39

or be a hereditary nobleman or a

00:42:41

priest or civil officials of at

00:42:43

least 8th grade and necessarily

00:42:46

Christian religion, therefore,

00:42:49

these class barriers are fields, but

00:42:54

it is clear that the inertia of the

00:42:58

revolutionary action was very

00:43:00

great and ordinary sailors wanted even

00:43:03

more about the process, then the cold

00:43:06

of curvature in the other direction was too much for anyone,

00:43:08

but here you also need to understand that the

00:43:11

sailors

00:43:12

in general were such a curious and

00:43:14

professional social a group

00:43:15

that acted in the political arena

00:43:19

largely as a single whole, and some

00:43:22

historians are even on the same page separated by

00:43:25

commas, and there are the Bolsheviks there and the sailor,

00:43:27

this is wrong because the Bolsheviks

00:43:29

are a political party

00:43:31

and the sailors are a social and professional

00:43:33

group, but nevertheless, the sailors

00:43:35

really acted as a very

00:43:36

united socio-professional

00:43:38

group, the leaders of the sailors were, as

00:43:42

a rule, at that time Bolsheviks, anarchists

00:43:44

or left Socialist Revolutionaries; the leaders of the sailors,

00:43:48

as a rule, occupied very left-wing positions and

00:43:50

the sailors were bearers of a desire for

00:43:53

direct democracy. Here we can

00:43:57

speculate that, generally speaking, this is

00:44:00

the future of humanity because it was

00:44:03

I personally would be very unhappy to live in a

00:44:06

world in which,

00:44:07

as it were, it was predetermined from

00:44:11

beginning to end that only an official

00:44:13

there was a boss who would always sit

00:44:15

there pointing out to beat with a stick and people would

00:44:19

remain so strange

00:44:21

and stupid that without this a driver they

00:44:24

would never be able to organize their

00:44:26

expedient active bright

00:44:29

future someday people will learn

00:44:31

to organize themselves, but the movement towards

00:44:36

this I would appreciate as positive, another thing is

00:44:39

that this path to this

00:44:41

immediate democracy is terribly long and thorny

00:44:43

and you can only learn democracy from

00:44:46

your mistakes, you cannot

00:44:48

teach slaves to democracy and then

00:44:51

free and With this note

00:44:53

about democracy, they will live in a democracy and

00:44:56

so on a bicycle, theoretically,

00:44:59

you can eat as much as you want about the bicycle,

00:45:01

tell the check, but until he sits on a

00:45:03

bicycle and falls a dozen times, he will

00:45:06

not learn to ride a bicycle and

00:45:07

therefore it would be very stupid scolding the

00:45:11

same sailors who tried to

00:45:15

build some kind of democratic structure

00:45:16

and made an infinite number of

00:45:18

mistakes and should have

00:45:20

made it for another matter that

00:45:22

historical events developed in such a way in

00:45:25

our country that there is no measured calm time there to

00:45:31

learn how... then to build this

00:45:33

democratic forest there was no

00:45:36

strict need to organize

00:45:39

military resistance there to all sorts of,

00:45:42

say, foreign interventionists, and there was

00:45:45

a need to build today

00:45:48

some kind of capable structure that

00:45:51

could do this, and in the society of that

00:45:54

time and in today’s society,

00:45:56

build nothing but a regular army for

00:45:58

that in order to defend effectively

00:46:01

it is impossible and therefore the same thing is the

00:46:05

Soviet government, the Bolsheviks who

00:46:08

came to power under the slogans of democracy,

00:46:10

just direct democracy, then

00:46:12

Soviet democracy, they were forced to

00:46:14

start building a rigid vertical of power

00:46:17

because otherwise it was impossible to fight back in these

00:46:19

conditions of today,

00:46:21

but in general the question of

00:46:23

cultural level

00:46:25

must be set because the

00:46:27

cultural level was undoubtedly very

00:46:29

low

00:46:30

in Russian society of that time and among the

00:46:33

sailors it was a little higher

00:46:34

than for the bulk of them,

00:46:37

say soldiers or Christians, the sailors were both

00:46:39

more educated in the general sense of the

00:46:42

word and more developed in the sense of shoulders

00:46:46

sk

00:46:47

that is, they had a better understanding

00:46:50

of political programs, there are some

00:46:52

nuances of political parties in this

00:46:55

sense, by the way, I highly recommend to our

00:46:57

viewers the film, the undeservedly

00:47:00

forgotten Horde Red Square, which in

00:47:03

itself is a

00:47:05

magnificent film about the first steps of the

00:47:07

Red Army, very unbanal,

00:47:12

extraordinary I would say without the

00:47:15

frankly good, frankly bad

00:47:17

characters, and besides, there is a

00:47:20

wonderful character, the anarchist sailor

00:47:21

Vladimir, who is very bright in this film,

00:47:25

this is a very good image of a

00:47:27

person who is eager for knowledge,

00:47:29

who wants to master all the

00:47:32

wisdom of humanity there, but who

00:47:35

has a peculiar idea of his

00:47:38

dignity and his place in this world

00:47:41

and now the need to stand at

00:47:44

attention and hold his hand there

00:47:46

pressed to the visor in front of his superiors,

00:47:49

it is not included in his idea of a

00:47:51

properly organized world and it

00:47:53

irritates him terribly; it is necessary and he

00:47:56

just believes that it is possible to build

00:47:58

some kind of army without this,

00:48:00

but apparently in those conditions it was impossible to

00:48:02

build an army without this, but the sailors in the

00:48:06

seventeenth year acted as a fairly

00:48:09

strong

00:48:10

political force; to a

00:48:13

certain extent, they played the role of

00:48:15

praetorians of the Soviet government in the first years

00:48:18

after the October armed

00:48:19

uprising until March 18 said

00:48:23

Pavel Yefimych Dybenko played the role of the

00:48:26

undisputed leader of the

00:48:28

sailors, and in this sense, sailors in general

00:48:31

and sailors of the Baltic Fleet in particular, of

00:48:33

course, played a very large role in the

00:48:35

October armed uprising and

00:48:36

then in strengthening Soviet power in the

00:48:39

first months after the October

00:48:40

armed uprising, and what

00:48:42

political role did the sailors begin to play

00:48:44

after February revolution, but first

00:48:46

of all we need to remember order number

00:48:48

one of the Petrograd garrison, which

00:48:51

said, but from the essential point, first of

00:48:54

all, that

00:48:56

soldiers’ committees should be created in all military units

00:48:58

and soldiers’ committees should

00:49:01

control officers, that is, without the

00:49:03

permission of the soldiers’ committee, not a single

00:49:05

order should to carry out this

00:49:09

order, well, of course, you didn’t have formal forces, you

00:49:12

put in a revolutionary era,

00:49:14

it makes no sense to refer to volumes of the complete

00:49:16

collection of laws of the Russian Empire,

00:49:18

revolutionary fluff is a dynamic

00:49:21

and legitimate era, a revolutionary era

00:49:24

is the power that can

00:49:26

hold on, which is armed,

00:49:29

so we would be ridiculous pedants my

00:49:31

if if in the revolution they were looking for some kind of

00:49:34

legitimate, more legitimate, less

00:49:36

legitimate, and based on how it was

00:49:38

elected there

00:49:39

or appointed to someone else, or

00:49:41

there are arguments that the provisional

00:49:43

government was more legitimate than the

00:49:45

councils because Nicholas II, before his

00:49:47

abdication, appointed a new child then

00:49:49

Nicholas there was no need to overthrow the second,

00:49:51

this act is

00:49:52

completely illegitimate, but in general it

00:49:56

makes no sense to talk about legitimacy

00:49:58

from the point of view of the legal and some

00:50:01

revolutionary authorities, and the order from, of

00:50:03

course, was not an order to anyone who did not

00:50:05

want to listen to him, but he answered the

00:50:07

presentation to the garden and the sailors about

00:50:10

necessary and in the fleet, sailor committees were immediately created on the ship;

00:50:14

by May of the

00:50:17

seventeenth year, the

00:50:19

central committee of the Baltic Fleet of the

00:50:21

bold center was formed from delegates from the ships and the

00:50:24

bold center began to play a big role in the

00:50:27

Baltic fleet and then an ever-

00:50:29

increasing dill

00:50:30

and let’s say at first in May-June there was still an

00:50:34

attempt to carry out some kind of boundary between the

00:50:37

powers of the center of the bolt and the powers of the

00:50:39

headquarters of the Baltic Fleet 0 Admiral

00:50:41

Verderevsky was just trying to do this,

00:50:43

who at that time was the commander of

00:50:44

the fleet,

00:50:45

he tried to persuade the central bank to deal with

00:50:49

economic issues, and then there were

00:50:52

issues of political education,

00:50:54

education, some everyday issues, and issues of

00:50:58

combat use fleet, they should have

00:51:00

been entirely in the hands of the

00:51:02

Baltic headquarters, but this did not suit the

00:51:04

bold center of its leaders at all

00:51:07

because it was clear that if such a

00:51:11

scheme came, then the fleet could be

00:51:14

led anywhere, including to

00:51:16

Petrograd, including against some then the

00:51:19

revolutionary uprisings therefore

00:51:21

the central bank began to demand complete

00:51:23

control over the fleet and by September of the

00:51:26

seventeenth year the center had achieved

00:51:28

such a position the

00:51:29

new commander of the delivery fleet

00:51:32

practically no longer controlled the fleet the

00:51:36

event of October 25 of the seventeenth year

00:51:39

it is good to show that it is enough from

00:51:42

Petrograd to send a telegram the address of the

00:51:44

center of the bolt Dybenko I am sending the charter and

00:51:46

Dybenko sends the center of the bolt

00:51:49

ships and detachments of sailors to Petrograd to

00:51:51

participate in the October armed

00:51:52

uprising

00:51:53

and the transport workers and the headquarters are sitting on their

00:51:56

regular ship and watching through the window what is

00:51:59

happening, but Trin Gorton describes it all

00:52:01

well in the diary himself about the fact that

00:52:04

but the dump was judged by the judged that Of course, it

00:52:06

’s bad that the fleet has to participate in the civil war,

00:52:08

but still we can’t

00:52:10

do anything, anyway, we can stop the

00:52:12

good and fall asleep, so we sit

00:52:14

calmly in our cabins and register the

00:52:17

events that are happening,

00:52:19

but even after October the center of points and

00:52:22

formally and snell command of the fleet and

00:52:24

he himself took control of the leadership and another

00:52:27

thing is that for the leadership of military

00:52:30

operations this uniform was of course in no

00:52:32

way suitable, it was obvious, but the

00:52:35

topic of the day was no longer in the military sphere

00:52:39

but in the domestic political sphere, and therefore the

00:52:43

dock searched for February 18, the

00:52:46

role is growing the center of the bolt

00:52:49

and, in general, the elected sailors of the organization, the

00:52:52

rest of the fleet followed the same path, but

00:52:54

lagging behind the Baltic, where by three months,

00:52:57

where by six months, but in general the process

00:53:00

developed everywhere

00:53:01

in parallel, but then the

00:53:07

German offensive happened in February 18,

00:53:09

which much forced us to look

00:53:13

at to another and which, well, firstly,

00:53:17

led to the collapse of the idea of a revolutionary army

00:53:20

and Dybenko was one of the main

00:53:22

propagandists of the idea of a revolutionary

00:53:25

volunteer army built on

00:53:26

new principles of consciousness from the ground it

00:53:29

is clear that this propaganda caused the

00:53:32

most terrible position among all

00:53:35

professional military men

00:53:36

and by this time among the leadership of the

00:53:39

Bolsheviks There have already been connections with

00:53:40

professional military men and these connections

00:53:43

were quite intense and they

00:53:45

began even before October of the seventeenth

00:53:47

year, we can also talk about this,

00:53:49

and of course the old generals who

00:53:54

decided to cooperate with the Bolsheviks

00:53:55

wanted the idea of a revolutionary army to

00:53:58

discredit itself, but now the battle of

00:54:00

Dybenko’s detachment

00:54:01

in in the first days of March under the bunk

00:54:03

were really very useful

00:54:05

because they disavowed and at the same time the child

00:54:08

personally and the idea of collegial leadership of the

00:54:12

fleet, the idea of a revolutionary army, all this was

00:54:15

disavowed and from that time, from the first

00:54:19

days of March, the Soviet government

00:54:20

took a firm course towards building a

00:54:22

regular army using the old

00:54:24

Trotsky’s specialists find themselves on the floor

00:54:27

in military and naval affairs and the page

00:54:29

turns out to be largely turned, but not

00:54:31

completely because the ordinary sailors themselves

00:54:34

continued to live, but by the inertia of this

00:54:37

revolutionary one, and back in April May

00:54:41

18, they looked at themselves as the main

00:54:45

driving force revolution, the main

00:54:47

defenders of the revolution, and with this the

00:54:50

events in the mine, the so-called

00:54:53

mutiny of the mine division in Petrograd in June

00:54:56

18, and the arrest and execution of the

00:55:00

fleet commander Alexey Mikhalych from the private on

00:55:03

June 22, 18, he was shot,

00:55:06

these events have finally put an

00:55:09

end to the political role of the sailors as a

00:55:11

whole, and in this sense,

00:55:13

politically, Dybenko’s collapse was final, but

00:55:15

final in April

00:55:16

18, when he was removed from the post of

00:55:19

People’s Commissar for Maritime Affairs and the shooting of the

00:55:21

pine tree, these are the two symbolic points

00:55:24

that complete the process of

00:55:25

strong political influence, or rather the

00:55:28

great political influence of the sailors,

00:55:31

and after that the fleet as a political

00:55:35

force they act only once during the

00:55:38

civil war during a civilian

00:55:40

rebellion,

00:55:41

but Bogoslav mitech is also a different

00:55:44

story and there would have been slightly different

00:55:45

driving forces and a

00:55:48

different situation, the most important thing, but

00:55:51

after that the political role of the fleet

00:55:53

turned out to be completed,

00:55:56

well, we have now outlined the main milestones

00:55:59

Let's finish our future dialogues for

00:56:02

today, and so the February

00:56:04

revolution ended

00:56:05

sharply with the democratization of the fleet with the creation of the

00:56:08

center of the bolt, which for at

00:56:10

least a year played the most serious role

00:56:12

in the political life of all of Russia,

00:56:15

Kira Borisovich, thank you, thank you for

00:56:17

your attention, until another time we will talk

00:56:19

about the actual participation of the sailors

00:56:22

Baltic fleet in the October

00:56:25

armed uprising and for today that’s all

Description:

Российская империя в глубоком кризисе. Николай II подписывает отречение от престола. Русский флот охватывает революционная горячка. По Балтике прокатывается волна убийств морских офицеров, включая адмиралов Непенина и Вирена. Почему флот поддержал революцию? Как был настроен адмиралитет по отношению к царю? Как изменило жизнь матросов Временное правительство? Октябрьская и февральская революция - какую роль сыграли моряки? Все эти вопросы Егор Яковлев обсуждает с доктором исторических наук Кириллом Назаренко. Книжный магазин «Цифровая история»: https://digital-history.ru/ Поддержать проект «Цифровая история»: «Патреон» — https://www.patreon.com/real_dighistory «Donationalerts» — https://www.donationalerts.com/r/dighistory «Сбербанк»: 4276-5500-7886-1070 «Яндекс.Деньги» (ЮMoney): 410012000113107 PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/dhistory

Preparing download options

Popular

HD video

Only sound

All

* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."

** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players

Questions about downloading video

How can I download "Русский флот и Февральская революция. Цифровая история. Интервью с Кириллом Назаренко.." video?

http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "Русский флот и Февральская революция. Цифровая история. Интервью с Кириллом Назаренко.." video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "Русский флот и Февральская революция. Цифровая история. Интервью с Кириллом Назаренко.." video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "Русский флот и Февральская революция. Цифровая история. Интервью с Кириллом Назаренко.." video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Русский флот и Февральская революция. Цифровая история. Интервью с Кириллом Назаренко.."?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "Русский флот и Февральская революция. Цифровая история. Интервью с Кириллом Назаренко.."?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.