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0:00

«Час Speak». Владимир Ленин

1:35

Почему споры о деятельности Ленина всё еще ведутся?

3:07

Будут ли раскрыты новые факты о Ленине?

5:27

Знаменитая фотография Ленина в коляске — подделка?

8:23

Почему никакого «политического завещания Ленина» на самом деле не было?

13:50

Правда, что отношения Ленина и Сталина испортились к концу жизни первого?

17:06

Имел ли Ленин отношение к убийству царской семьи?

20:31

«У нас историю с этим „Философским пароходом“ слишком раздувают»

27:15

Зачем создали ВЧК?

33:41

Про Красный террор

35:16

Нужно ли захоронить Ленина?

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00:00:00

in the times of Khrushchev and in the times of

00:00:02

Gorbachev and in the times of Yeltsin,

00:00:05

there were entire groups of so-called

00:00:09

archivists in

00:00:10

stripes who churned out fakes, but

00:00:15

I assure you that if there was such a

00:00:17

Politburo on the part of Ilyan and he was

00:00:20

the head of some kind of liberal

00:00:23

government and was discussed the question of

00:00:25

sending

00:00:26

Trotsky and Lenin on the same philosophical ship, I

00:00:29

think that he would be the first to make a proposal

00:00:31

to put up their walls, that’s all. And it

00:00:34

seems to me that all these stories are

00:00:36

connected with the constant outbursts of this

00:00:39

topic about reburials, this is either

00:00:42

political

00:00:44

PR for shez

00:00:48

[music]

00:00:58

harmful

00:01:00

about the dead either good or nothing like that about

00:01:03

Vladimir Lich Lenin was spoken about in the USSR about the

00:01:06

dead either bad or nothing like that

00:01:09

they spoke about him in Russia in the nineties and the beginning of the

00:01:11

2000s, but today we know that the

00:01:13

phrase hilo in Spartan actually

00:01:16

sounds about the dead or good or nothing

00:01:19

but the truth, a century has passed since the death of

00:01:22

Vladimir Ilch Lenin, maybe the

00:01:24

time has come to tell the truth about him, this is Speak Hour

00:01:27

in the studio Nikita Rudakov And today my

00:01:28

guest is the historian, author of

00:01:30

history textbooks Evgeniy Yuryevich Spitsin

00:01:32

Hello Evgeny Yuryevich Yes, good

00:01:34

afternoon Hello after 100 years are there

00:01:35

any blank spots left in his

00:01:38

fate? It would seem that

00:01:40

it was sorted out almost down to seconds. Yes, you are right, the

00:01:43

chronicle of Lenin’s life, it really was

00:01:45

sorted out almost down to seconds, but

00:01:48

nevertheless, the debate about the

00:01:50

personality of Vladimir Ilch and his deeds

00:01:54

continues until now, and I think

00:01:57

they will always continue,

00:01:58

and this is not even due to the fact that

00:02:02

there are diametrically opposed

00:02:04

assessments of representatives of different

00:02:06

ideological political forces, and so on

00:02:09

and so forth. This is due to the fact that

00:02:11

history is a living science

00:02:13

and some new facts are constantly being found

00:02:17

documents and even a new

00:02:20

interpretation of seemingly well-

00:02:22

known facts and documents, that is,

00:02:25

even the accents in the

00:02:28

assessment of seemingly

00:02:30

well-known facts are slightly revised, which do not seem to

00:02:32

require this

00:02:35

reassessment; this happens

00:02:38

quite often in history. And I want to

00:02:41

repeat once again what exactly this circumstance

00:02:43

does history, on the one hand, is an

00:02:46

exact science, and on the other

00:02:49

hand, it makes history a science As

00:02:52

such, since the movement of scientific research is

00:02:56

in many ways the core of any

00:02:58

scientific discipline,

00:03:00

be it physics, chemistry, mathematics, history,

00:03:03

naturally, as a scientific discipline

00:03:05

is one of them Well, naturally, the base

00:03:08

- This is a document and I understand that

00:03:11

since 100 years have passed since the date of death, they

00:03:13

should be opened. Well, in particular, for

00:03:15

example, the

00:03:16

archives of doctors this

00:03:19

year. If I understand correctly, the

00:03:21

exact cause of his death is still unknown.

00:03:25

Yes, they argued about this stupid syphilis,

00:03:27

and so on and so forth So, do you

00:03:29

think this question will be answered

00:03:30

and, in general, some interesting new

00:03:33

information may be available? Data we will learn

00:03:35

this year no. As for

00:03:37

official documents related to

00:03:39

Lenin’s illness, they have long been open and they have been

00:03:43

studied for a long time; another thing is that

00:03:46

after several years ago, the

00:03:49

archival service came under the personal

00:03:52

control of the president, it’s quite possible, I

00:03:54

just don’t know, it needs to be

00:03:56

double-checked, it’s quite possible that some

00:03:59

previously

00:04:00

opened archival funds

00:04:02

were again classified for some, perhaps

00:04:04

political reasons, some funds

00:04:07

were not opened at all, for example, the

00:04:10

archive fund of administrative bodies

00:04:13

The Central Committee, as far as Lenin’s illness is concerned,

00:04:16

exists. Well, at least there,

00:04:19

several years ago, these papers were

00:04:22

open to researchers, then there is

00:04:25

literally a daily

00:04:27

history of the disease.

00:04:30

That is, every specific

00:04:33

day, the doctor on duty necessarily

00:04:35

recorded Lenin’s condition. What

00:04:37

happened, who came to him, and so

00:04:40

on. and so on, all these stories

00:04:42

related to the formulation of so-

00:04:47

called willful diagnoses are,

00:04:49

of course, purely political

00:04:55

opportunities of the leader with some kind of

00:04:59

conspiracy theories and

00:05:03

if we take the official point of

00:05:05

view, he had a stroke. And there

00:05:08

were several such strokes, each the

00:05:11

subsequent stroke led to a

00:05:13

deterioration in his health until the

00:05:16

last few months of

00:05:18

his life he had almost

00:05:21

complete paralysis of not only his body

00:05:23

but also his speech functions. And so on and

00:05:25

so forth, scattering the photo of him in

00:05:28

such a photo is authentic. It is quite

00:05:31

possible that this is a

00:05:32

fake there it is necessary to carry out a very

00:05:35

serious examination, since what was

00:05:38

published on the pages of various publications

00:05:41

is not a fact that it is genuine.

00:05:45

This means that the photograph we know is how

00:05:47

they edited the fake photos. For the first time,

00:05:50

as far as I remember, this photograph was

00:05:52

published on the

00:05:54

cover of

00:05:57

Volkogonov’s not unknown two-volume book,

00:05:59

but Volkogonov carried it out exclusively,

00:06:02

which means This ideological function was

00:06:06

assigned a task, and directly by

00:06:08

President

00:06:09

Yeltsino. It was precisely for this purpose, by the way, that

00:06:12

he was allowed into the previously closed

00:06:15

archives, first of all, of the Central Committee, the so-called

00:06:18

special folders, and so on and so forth. And

00:06:20

now it has been reliably established that

00:06:23

he even translated archival documents

00:06:30

into the benefit of their version, plus a long-

00:06:33

established fact that is recognized by

00:06:35

many historians that in the times of

00:06:38

Khrushchev and in the times of Gorbachev and in the

00:06:41

times of Yeltsin, there were entire

00:06:45

groups of so-called archivists in

00:06:48

stripes who were

00:06:54

stamped by

00:06:58

Ilyukhin of the Prosecutor General's Office of the USSR,

00:07:00

Lieutenant General of Justice, who

00:07:04

publicly meant put

00:07:08

before representatives of the executive

00:07:11

branch the question of investigating the

00:07:14

production of these fake ones? Yes, and the stuffing of

00:07:16

them; there were a huge number of

00:07:19

fake stamps, which means facsimiles of

00:07:22

signatures. You can, of course, suspect the same Ilyukhin of being

00:07:25

politically

00:07:27

biased. He seems to be a

00:07:29

representative of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and so on and so

00:07:30

on, but just recently just a

00:07:33

couple of years ago There was such a

00:07:36

huge

00:07:37

study on the history of the Communist

00:07:41

Party, this study was written by Sergei

00:07:43

login, a rather young man who was in

00:07:47

no way engaged

00:07:49

with the Communist Party, but nevertheless he

00:07:52

directly wrote there that historians of

00:07:56

the present and the future face a very difficult and

00:08:00

difficult task of separating the

00:08:03

wheat from the chaff in the archives as he put it, which

00:08:06

means

00:08:10

I use the method of criticizing the source, both

00:08:14

internal and external, that is, to find

00:08:16

that Layer of false documents

00:08:18

that have accumulated over these decades.

00:08:21

Unfortunately, in our archives, I suspect

00:08:24

that a certain number of such

00:08:27

false

00:08:28

documents

00:08:30

and in connection with the last years of

00:08:33

Vladimir Ilch’s life because here is the

00:08:36

traditional version, for example, that he

00:08:38

left a so-called political

00:08:41

testament A letter to the congress, but in

00:08:44

fact there was no political testament,

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of course, this is a historiographic

00:08:48

cliche just invented during the time of

00:08:51

Khrushchev Wait, he dictated on

00:08:54

horseback

00:08:58

December 2 of the WTO year and then two more dates,

00:09:01

I even have quotes here, but the point is

00:09:04

that you correctly said that

00:09:06

he dictated dictations to three

00:09:08

secretaries of this People's Commissar, this is the look of Volodya

00:09:12

and

00:09:14

Fotiev, and as far as I

00:09:16

remember, two of

00:09:18

them lived to a fairly advanced

00:09:21

age and Fotiev who died already in the

00:09:25

seventies, she was even

00:09:27

awarded the title of hero. It was they who made

00:09:31

these notes and then put these notes

00:09:34

in envelopes with sealing wax,

00:09:37

the sealer that these envelopes

00:09:40

could be opened either by Vladimir Ilch himself or after

00:09:43

his death by Nadya Konstantina Krupskaya or

00:09:47

Well, it’s clear there, yes So so

00:09:49

here, too, it is important to emphasize that these were

00:09:52

dictations of a

00:09:53

subtle

00:09:56

[music]

00:09:58

Eh. Therefore, the same Valentin Sakharov is one

00:10:01

of the most insightful modern

00:10:04

historians, a professor at Moscow State University, he just

00:10:07

defended his doctoral

00:10:09

dissertation on the problem of the reliability of

00:10:12

this very political testament of

00:10:15

Lenin, in my opinion, his monograph which

00:10:17

was published in the early 2000s, either 2003

00:10:21

or 2005, and this is what

00:10:25

Lenin’s political testament is called: myth or reality, and

00:10:29

in this work he quite convincingly

00:10:32

proves that almost all Lenin’s

00:10:35

dictations, especially the most

00:10:38

acute ones, do not belong to Vladimir, I’m flying that

00:10:42

this is a fake for Lenin And then he

00:10:45

put forward a version of who could have carried out this

00:10:48

fake, and as the

00:10:50

main

00:10:52

possible participants in this provocation, he

00:10:56

named Krupskaya, a

00:10:59

very complex personal relationship with

00:11:01

Stalin, and Lenin’s younger sister

00:11:05

Maria Ilina Ulyanova, but he himself

00:11:09

was inclined to think that most likely

00:11:11

Lev Daroky was behind the organization of these fakes

00:11:14

Of course, he offered to

00:11:18

replace or even his first deputy for the

00:11:22

People's Commissariat and for the

00:11:24

Russian Military Revolutionary Service. I will remind our viewers of the most

00:11:29

controversial point in

00:11:31

these letters. Yes, this is the attitude towards Stalin. It says,

00:11:34

well, in a nutshell, that Joseph

00:11:37

Arnovich is too rude and needs to be

00:11:39

replaced, that means I propose to think about a

00:11:43

way to move Stalin from this place

00:11:45

and appoint another person to this place

00:11:46

who in all other respects

00:11:48

differs from Comrade Stalin in only

00:11:49

one way: more tolerant, more loyal,

00:11:52

more polite to his comrades. Well, listen,

00:11:55

it sounds like some kind of nonsense. Well, really.

00:11:57

Listen, if you consider that you yourself Lenin and

00:12:00

he knew, Of course, we know our character

00:12:02

perfectly well, his polemics with the same Trotsky

00:12:05

with the same Plekhanov, he did not

00:12:08

mince words, so to reproach

00:12:11

Stalin is precisely this, well, in the mouth of Lenin it

00:12:14

just sounds funny and people who

00:12:17

worked with Lenin for many

00:12:19

many years we immediately realized that this was some kind of

00:12:23

stupid accusation against Stalin. This is

00:12:26

the first. Second,

00:12:29

I propose to think about a way not to remove or

00:12:33

move, but I propose to think about it, that is, we were talking

00:12:36

about thinking about a way

00:12:38

to move Stalin TTT, that is, the

00:12:41

revolutions themselves, but clearly not of a Leninist nature,

00:12:44

so by the way, Professor Sakharov

00:12:48

was supported and many other major

00:12:50

historians, archivist including Yuri

00:12:52

Nikolai Zhukov, and you know one of the important

00:12:56

points that he pointed out, he

00:12:59

says the date on which

00:13:02

this political so-

00:13:04

called will was dated. It was written three

00:13:06

times there at the very end of December and at the

00:13:09

beginning of January so,

00:13:12

according to the history of Lenin’s illness, it was precisely on

00:13:16

these days that he could not dictate anything at all,

00:13:19

that is, even his speech

00:13:21

function

00:13:22

was already depressed, which means his croup was depressed. She remembered that

00:13:26

when on this day, that is, who

00:13:29

allegedly wrote this political

00:13:31

testament, she came to Lenin and

00:13:33

said hello to He also wanted to say hello to him in response,

00:13:36

but he couldn’t

00:13:38

say anything at all and burst into tears. Do you

00:13:41

understand how he could dictate

00:13:50

another important circumstance?

00:14:14

it was not only with Stalin’s rudeness

00:14:16

towards Krupskaya, who scolded her

00:14:19

there for the fact that she was leading

00:14:24

the ban

00:14:27

once

00:14:29

Stan from Lenin’s plan for the creation of the

00:14:32

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Well, and other

00:14:35

political issues in general, so I want to

00:14:38

dissuade you and tell you what is closer

00:14:40

and true there was no comrade-in-arms with Lenin until the end of his

00:14:44

days; moreover, at the same time, during the years of

00:14:47

Gorbachev’s perestroika,

00:14:49

a story was thrown around that Stalin’s election to the post in

00:14:53

April of the year was literally the day before,

00:14:58

that Stalin was elected in April and

00:15:00

Leni’s first stroke happened already in

00:15:02

May, that supposedly these were stones Zinoviev,

00:15:07

who in the person of Stalin wanted to

00:15:10

get allies in the fight against Trotsky, it is

00:15:13

so

00:15:16

documented that the initiator of

00:15:18

Stalin’s appointment to this post was Lenin;

00:15:21

moreover, this decision was not made at

00:15:24

the plenum of the Central Committee, as they wrote again, but even before the

00:15:27

congress

00:15:29

and Stalin’s election as General Secretary took place

00:15:32

precisely at the congress at the plenum, which

00:15:35

took place immediately after the congress. Well, this is

00:15:36

traditionally an organizational plenum,

00:15:39

only this decision was confirmed, that’s

00:15:43

all, and then look, and how in six months

00:15:45

he took it and replaced it, I want to tell you,

00:15:48

look, he becomes secretary general in April two second

00:15:49

And in December that is,

00:15:52

after a few months there Well, six months,

00:15:54

relatively speaking, and a little more, suddenly, out of the blue,

00:15:57

Lenin writes that

00:15:59

Stalin concentrated immense power in his hands,

00:16:02

listen, in six months,

00:16:05

with all Stalin’s talents, he concentrated

00:16:07

immense power, but he just couldn’t

00:16:10

Wait, wait, Vladimir Ivich Why did

00:16:13

he take away power from you? You are the head of the

00:16:15

Soviet

00:16:17

government. It’s strange. He’s just a

00:16:19

general secretary. He’s a general

00:16:20

secretary, it seems like a technical

00:16:22

worker. You’re not the leader of the party.

00:16:25

So you think that the post of head of

00:16:26

government is significantly higher than the post of

00:16:29

general

00:16:30

secretary? This is not the leader of the party; the leader of the

00:16:32

party. you and you are the chairman of the Council

00:16:35

of Ministers, it means when you write such a

00:16:37

thing, you admit that Stalin

00:16:40

took away power from you. Wait, where were you

00:16:43

looking, that is, this is the absurdity of this very

00:16:46

formulation that Stalin, having become

00:16:48

secretary general, concentrated immense power in his hands,

00:16:51

I

00:16:53

emphasize this it means that the power of the People's Commissar no

00:16:56

longer exists Lenin is no one

00:16:59

Well, listen, I beg you So here it is

00:17:01

again, these are the nuances that I

00:17:04

spoke about at the beginning of the program among people

00:17:06

like Volkogon and others like him were

00:17:09

born Well, I don’t know Maybe I’m wrong now

00:17:12

Maybe this is not a myth that Lenin

00:17:14

had a direct connection to the murder of the royal

00:17:17

family, that’s how much of his role it was

00:17:20

Vladimir Ilyich. In this event, you know,

00:17:24

I can immediately tell you that this version

00:17:32

has not been proven at all by one documentary source, but it has even been weakly

00:17:35

proven by some indirect

00:17:37

sources or practically not proven

00:17:40

and finally, thirdly, there is the logic of the

00:17:43

historical process and the behavior of the

00:17:45

politician in the

00:17:48

proposed ones, of course. Well, even in the center

00:17:51

it doesn’t matter. Lenin

00:17:59

himself and his inner circle were rasterized by Lenin and his inner circle, they really

00:18:02

hoped that the trial would take place,

00:18:05

of course, so that the whole country

00:18:09

would see the whole world this is some kind of feast of an action, of course

00:18:13

you understand, for example, also Bloody

00:18:16

Sunday, for example, the same Khodynka

00:18:19

stampede, Lena execution, Russian-Japanese

00:18:22

Yes, they collected so much

00:18:25

evidence of the criminality of this

00:18:29

that, on the contrary, they were extremely profitable from a

00:18:31

political process that would condemn

00:18:34

not only Nicholas II, but condemn the entire

00:18:37

monarchy as such there is the

00:18:39

monarchical

00:18:43

regime of Tsarist Russia itself that has been pilloried, you understand, and here

00:18:47

Nicholas II

00:18:49

is being killed, versions of his death are now in

00:18:51

full, there is even a completely

00:18:53

crazy one about the fact that no one shot him, that’s all Yes,

00:18:59

yes, that there was an agreement between Stalin and

00:19:01

Lenin, that means with the British crown, that’s

00:19:04

one the madman actually agreed on

00:19:07

what it

00:19:09

means Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin is the

00:19:13

same Yes Nikolay Yes Alexey

00:19:16

Nikolaevich Kasyn Kosygin is Nicholas II

00:19:18

No he is not Nicholas II He is the son of Nicholas I

00:19:21

Alexey he is Tsarevich yes yes Alexey

00:19:23

Nikolaevich you see how

00:19:25

they have the same date of birth 1904 everything is clear.

00:19:29

There are no questions, and they even try to listen. Well,

00:19:32

they are completely different people based on the type of face. Well, it’s

00:19:34

obvious. But even the icing on the cake is

00:19:37

not this, according to this

00:19:39

crazy character. Which means

00:19:42

Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev is also of

00:19:45

royal blood because he is

00:19:48

Kosygino’s nephew and that’s why he

00:19:51

ended up in the chair of the General Secretary,

00:19:54

listen Well, you need to be able to do this, of course,

00:19:57

so where where did this representative of

00:20:00

blue blood get this

00:20:02

Stavropol or South Russian

00:20:05

You see, that’s what you need, well, you know, and

00:20:08

people are people, unfortunately That’s why I

00:20:11

say about the crisis of public consciousness,

00:20:13

people believe in all this nonsense and in the

00:20:15

comments on YouTube or in

00:20:17

some other social networks they write simply

00:20:20

tons of gratitude for the historical

00:20:23

truth, they are pilloried, which

00:20:25

means official paid

00:20:29

historians Well, and so on and so on Well,

00:20:31

there were after all, probably things for

00:20:34

which you can critically evaluate the

00:20:37

actions of Vladimir Ilyich Well, for example, the

00:20:39

philosophical steamship last year there was

00:20:41

an anniversary, they talked a lot about it,

00:20:43

but you must agree there Nikolai Berdyaev

00:20:46

Sergei Bulgakov Trubetskoy terim Sorokin

00:20:49

these names are quite serious, they

00:20:52

were not needed by Russia then or represented a

00:20:54

serious threat to the Bolsheviks or Lenin,

00:20:56

or maybe it was a mistake after all.

00:20:58

Listen on his part. Well, as

00:21:00

for Pitirim

00:21:02

Sorokin, Lenin himself entered into an absentee

00:21:06

debate with him and directly showed what is

00:21:08

called where a person not only

00:21:11

discredits the Soviet regime, but blatantly

00:21:14

manipulates numbers and lies.

00:21:16

you know, here I think the story with

00:21:19

this philosophical ship is being

00:21:22

blown out of proportion; in fact, it’s not a

00:21:24

philosophical ship, because out of the 91

00:21:27

people who were exiled abroad,

00:21:31

the philosopher was only a virgin, but

00:21:34

listen to them. Well, okay, they’ll say, after

00:21:36

all, it’s Berdyaev listen Well, the fact is

00:21:39

that Berdyaev is an amateur, no doubt about it,

00:21:43

but any scientist can create

00:21:47

some kind of Standard of the Great and

00:21:58

expressed a desire to leave Soviet

00:21:59

Russia just like Poon, then they

00:22:03

began to act like they were

00:22:05

offended. This is then in

00:22:10

hindsight they thought that to be, as it were,

00:22:14

offended by the Soviet regime, although

00:22:16

indeed some of those who

00:22:18

ended up abroad, the same Ilyin, they

00:22:21

were really forced out of

00:22:25

Russia, the second way would have been just

00:22:28

execution, yes, well, listen, the Bolsheviks in

00:22:31

this case acted more than

00:22:35

well. Yes, that’s what I I wouldn’t at all

00:22:38

absolutize

00:22:40

this very topic of

00:22:43

the siege, it showed that part of I don’t want to

00:22:47

say that all, but a significant part of

00:22:49

those who were expelled on the so-called

00:22:52

passage, although in fact,

00:22:54

as far as I remember, there were such passages

00:22:56

from Odessa, but most of those who left,

00:23:01

they left altogether -

00:23:04

by train to say collective Yes, this is

00:23:07

one of the scientists, in my opinion, in Denom or in de

00:23:10

Perm, published his article

00:23:13

dedicated to this event in literature and

00:23:15

the article was called the philosophical

00:23:17

steamer and this name It just

00:23:20

quickly caught on very quickly Although I want to

00:23:22

say this again that there were only a few philosophers there,

00:23:26

but for the new Russia that was

00:23:30

building Socialism, these people were not

00:23:34

safe because here, by the way, is an

00:23:37

important point. After all, almost

00:23:40

all of them taught student youth and

00:23:43

were quite

00:23:45

popular among the students. But

00:23:47

students are people in general

00:23:50

always searching with an unsettled psyche

00:23:53

and unsettled

00:23:55

ideological positions, they very

00:23:58

often focus on

00:24:00

authorities, these people had, I

00:24:03

mean who left, unconditional authority.

00:24:06

I don’t want to say that for everyone, but for

00:24:08

some part of the Student Youth, that

00:24:11

’s why Lenin and Trotsky and Bukharin and

00:24:13

others, they considered them in this sense to be

00:24:15

politically dangerous characters, and if

00:24:18

we take the position of the logic of the actions of those in

00:24:22

power, then they did

00:24:24

the right thing. What do you think

00:24:26

is happening now, not the same thing is happening to

00:24:28

those professors who are not loyal to

00:24:31

the regime, who profess completely

00:24:34

different views on the key events of both

00:24:38

Russian history and modern

00:24:41

politics, they are expelled from universities,

00:24:44

lose their jobs, I can

00:24:46

give you as many examples as you want. Well, unfortunately,

00:24:49

you know how there is a good Russian

00:24:52

proverb; you

00:24:55

understand, this happened among

00:24:58

all peoples and under all regimes

00:25:01

and pretend that it It’s just that

00:25:04

the Bolsheviks led into political or

00:25:07

everyday practice. That’s just that they

00:25:10

fought against freedom of speech and

00:25:14

self-expression. I beg you, listen to the

00:25:16

same European peoples, remember the

00:25:20

Catholic

00:25:22

Inquisition, what they did and who they took with them. You

00:25:29

don’t have to go far to see what the British

00:25:31

did to the Irish. They barely they didn’t

00:25:32

destroy the nation, that’s what we’re talking about, you

00:25:34

know. So these are

00:25:39

games in the literal sense on these little things from the point of

00:25:42

view of history.

00:25:46

I

00:25:49

beg you, understand, the same Ilyin, for example.

00:25:51

He really was a major historian, he

00:25:53

wrote a good two-volume book dedicated to the

00:25:56

dialectics of the gel in general, Hegel, who

00:25:58

was praised by the way, is Lenin’s favorite

00:26:00

philosopher Vladimir Vladimi Putin flax

00:26:03

Well Well, in this case we will leave

00:26:06

Putin’s ideological ideological view

00:26:09

Lenin assessed him as a major Russian

00:26:12

philosopher, which means

00:26:15

and nevertheless He was the first at

00:26:20

the Politburo, the same issue

00:26:22

was discussed several times at the Politburo

00:26:25

stopped the most radical members of the

00:26:27

Bero, for example the same Bukharin, who

00:26:30

demanded Severe punishment, it was

00:26:32

Lenin who said that no, let him go

00:26:34

abroad. Yes, he is an ardent enemy of Soviet power.

00:26:37

Yes, he is irreconcilable, but nevertheless,

00:26:40

we will not take sin on our souls, etc., etc., but

00:26:43

he could, relatively

00:26:45

speaking. to say a completely different word and

00:26:48

his different word in this situation

00:26:51

would play a decisive role, but I assure you

00:26:54

that if there was such a Politburo from the Rhone

00:26:58

and he was the head of some kind of

00:27:01

liberal government and

00:27:03

the issue was discussed, it means sending on the same

00:27:06

philosophical on the steamship of Lenin, Trotsky and

00:27:09

company, then I think that he would be the first to make a

00:27:11

proposal to put them

00:27:13

on the wall, well, it would seem so. The bloody

00:27:17

regime of Nicholas II fell for the sake of the

00:27:20

bloody regime of Felix Derzhinsky,

00:27:22

the creation of the bodies of the All-Russian

00:27:25

Extraordinary Commission, so to speak, then

00:27:28

their revelry in the conditions of the Red Terror is

00:27:31

responsible here Lenin We’ll

00:27:32

probably also discuss it somehow, but still,

00:27:35

somehow. It doesn’t turn out very well. Well,

00:27:38

we’ll really talk about the Red Terror

00:27:40

a little later, here we need to understand

00:27:41

the circumstances of the emergence of the Cheka; in general,

00:27:47

we had a lot of such Cheka, yes. Because here we need to be precise.

00:27:50

understand that this famous chka

00:27:53

was called the All-Russian

00:27:54

Extraordinary Commission for Combating

00:27:57

Counter-Revolution and Sabotage, for example, there

00:28:00

was the same Cheka for supplying the Red

00:28:03

Army, there was the same Cheka for the fuel

00:28:06

industry, and there were more than 20 such Chekas. It’s

00:28:09

just that the Cheka was reflected in our memory

00:28:11

as

00:28:15

Derzhinsky’s Cheka why it was created.

00:28:17

Now we were just celebrating the next

00:28:19

date of the creation of the Cheka last month.

00:28:22

Yes, the fact is that on

00:28:26

November 14 the famous decree on workers’ control comes into effect.

00:28:30

And I’ll just remind you of the

00:28:33

very history of the appearance of this decree.

00:28:37

If you read

00:28:40

Lenin’s April theses from April of the seventeenth year when

00:28:43

he just returned to Petrograd and

00:28:45

spoke at the Tauride Palace,

00:28:48

in addition to political and international

00:28:50

tasks, he set several economic

00:28:53

priority tasks, in my opinion

00:28:55

68, that’s where they were about and the first thesis

00:28:59

sounded like this: Our task is not the construction

00:29:02

of socialism right now, but only the establishment of

00:29:05

workers’ control over social

00:29:07

production and public

00:29:09

consumption, that is, one of the key

00:29:12

tasks there was also the task of nationalizing the

00:29:14

banking system, nationalizing the land, these are, in

00:29:16

fact, three key

00:29:18

tasks on the path to coming to power, and

00:29:22

when the Bolsheviks came, they began to

00:29:26

implement their economic

00:29:28

program and a decree was issued about workers'

00:29:30

control, that is, plants and factories are

00:29:33

not taken away from the owners from the bourgeoisie;

00:29:35

they are simply controlled; a workers' control committee is created only at

00:29:38

enterprises,

00:29:41

which now has the right to request from the

00:29:44

owners of enterprises all financial

00:29:46

documentation, all contractual

00:29:49

documentation or so-called

00:29:51

trade secrets. And so on and so

00:29:53

forth. What do the owners of enterprises

00:29:56

90 too soon announce a lockout and

00:30:00

boycott, that is, a boycott of this decree

00:30:02

refuses to create these working

00:30:04

committees of workers' control or announce the

00:30:08

temporary closure of their enterprises

00:30:11

thousands of thousands of people find themselves without

00:30:13

work in conditions of a growing

00:30:15

economic crisis and in these conditions the

00:30:19

All-Russian Emergency

00:30:21

Commission for the fight against counter-revolution and

00:30:24

sabotage, that’s its exact name,

00:30:27

and then, as the

00:30:29

resistance to Soviet power, as the

00:30:32

frontal dispersal, I want to

00:30:36

especially emphasize this, the Civil War, as

00:30:39

far as anyone is already well, there is a komuch Yes, it is clear

00:30:43

that

00:30:44

in Kama the emergence of a komuch was a direct

00:30:47

consequence of that very Czechoslovak

00:30:49

rebellion May the end of May of the year and the beginning of the

00:30:53

frontal Civil War and now

00:30:55

imagine a

00:30:59

civil war that is very important

00:31:01

foreign intervention Because the

00:31:03

white movement itself was

00:31:04

weak if it had not been financed and

00:31:08

armed for d-weeks there

00:31:11

Well, maybe d -t months And here

00:31:14

massive support and the

00:31:16

formation of white

00:31:18

armies began. Well, just like now in

00:31:22

Ukraine, you know, the

00:31:25

same civil war of the warring parties

00:31:28

is supported by the new Entente, relatively

00:31:31

speaking. Here are some of the countries of the former fourth

00:31:35

bloc, but the same Germany this is a

00:31:37

direct copy of the events of a hundred years

00:31:39

ago and in this situation, especially

00:31:42

when on the ground Yes, everything in fact,

00:31:44

Turkey is partly Bulgaria, especially

00:31:47

Austria and Germany dadada, and

00:31:49

look at those in that situation when, in

00:31:53

fact, there are still full-fledged

00:31:55

bodies of Soviet power on the ground no,

00:31:58

either there is no power there at all, or there is

00:32:00

a lot of power there, because up until the

00:32:03

middle of the 2000s,

00:32:06

in addition to the Soviets, in the localities there were some city Dumas,

00:32:09

zemstvo assemblies, etc., etc., then it is not a fact

00:32:12

that even in these

00:32:14

councils it is the

00:32:17

Bolsheviks who are kulaks and who are in many places

00:32:20

under the local

00:32:27

Soviets there are no nicknames or Krakow city

00:32:32

districts, etc., etc., there are some

00:32:34

scattered desk checks and in these

00:32:37

conditions the Bolsheviks rely

00:32:41

primarily on the apparatus they wore it. It is quite

00:32:44

obvious because they said We are

00:32:46

building a state of the Dictatorship

00:32:48

of the proletariat and as they put it Lenin is

00:32:51

not a snotty government, and our task, by the way, is

00:32:55

not only the construction of the Soviet

00:32:58

state and the construction of socialism,

00:33:00

but the solution of elementary issues, even the

00:33:02

fight against

00:33:04

criminality, which is what the

00:33:07

Cheka organs actually did, they

00:33:08

fought locally not only

00:33:12

with sabotage of the Revolution, but also elementary with

00:33:15

criminality, because after all

00:33:18

the functions of the old Ministry of Internal Affairs and then the functions of the

00:33:22

People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, the fight against

00:33:24

criminal crime. Come in, the

00:33:27

police department was involved separately, but it

00:33:30

was not yet created during the years of Soviet power, and

00:33:33

therefore the Cheka authorities replaced the

00:33:37

police department that fought

00:33:39

criminal crime. And the last thing

00:33:42

about the red terror Yes there really

00:33:44

was red terror, but first of all, this means that

00:33:47

all anti-Soviet people obviously exceed the

00:33:50

scale of this red terror. But the most

00:33:53

important thing is not to say that this red

00:33:56

terror would be a response to the previously unleashed, I

00:34:01

want to emphasize this, the

00:34:03

previously unleashed white terror. And by the way, the assassination attempt on

00:34:06

Lenin. This was one from the elements of

00:34:09

that very white terror. And remember, for

00:34:11

example, that back in the beginning of the eighteenth

00:34:14

year they did the same thing, for example,

00:34:18

Kaledin was the first, which means Yes, you have already been

00:34:22

elected because of the Great Water. Because

00:34:25

since Peter they were punished,

00:34:27

that is, we are appointed by decrees, but here

00:34:29

the monarchy has fallen, which means they have returned the old

00:34:32

tradition of choosing a military officer, that is, the

00:34:35

Supreme Military Aman at the Cossack

00:34:37

Circle Kaledin and then especially the one

00:34:42

who came Ekaterina, yes, listen,

00:34:45

you understand, that is, you look

00:34:47

at the chronology of even the events, you will see with your own

00:34:50

eyes who started the white terror in the first place, which is why she

00:34:55

resorted, of course, to terrorist

00:34:59

methods of suppression, but it was a

00:35:01

civil war, a special military period

00:35:04

in the history of the Revolution, as Lenin said, and

00:35:07

here we are already coddling with our

00:35:09

class political enemies, but either

00:35:12

you or you, so in this way

00:35:14

Thank you very much Evgeniy Yuryevich,

00:35:16

finally, the last question, I cannot help but

00:35:18

ask it Because it is asked

00:35:20

Every time they talk about Lenin, well, he

00:35:22

lies in our Mausoleum on Red

00:35:24

Square and they talk so much about what to

00:35:27

do with cleaning up and not cleaning up. Well, and so on and

00:35:29

so forth. You’re not even as a historian, but

00:35:32

simply as a person, your personal opinion. Is

00:35:34

it necessary? to do something with it or

00:35:36

not, you know, I think that the

00:35:39

Lenin Mausoleum has already become, well, even some kind of

00:35:42

symbol of our

00:35:44

country. I never think

00:35:46

about it at all, it’s already my second self, I

00:35:50

grew up with it, I live with it and it seems to me

00:35:53

that all these stories in

00:35:59

the past are either a political feast or

00:36:03

just some kind of rarity,

00:36:05

the vast majority of people, I’m

00:36:09

just sure of this, they don’t

00:36:11

think about this topic at all in everyday life,

00:36:14

they only react to those same

00:36:17

stuff when some supposedly Shira

00:36:25

Patriot

00:36:27

bury him next to his mother, we

00:36:30

say Please give me the document where it is

00:36:32

written and where he

00:36:35

asked, we have it, but we will present it to you

00:36:39

at the very last moment, well, that is, this is

00:36:41

absurd, that is, this topic itself and its

00:36:44

discussion are not a damn thing, but

00:36:47

you understand And if Well, relatively speaking, I’m

00:36:51

only as an assumption, we are resolving the issue

00:36:54

with the mausoleum and where do we put the hundreds of

00:36:57

graves of our national heroes Marshal

00:36:59

Zhukov Rokosovsky who are in the

00:37:01

Kremlin wall or who are buried in

00:37:04

Lenin’s hall, Budyonny lies there,

00:37:07

Voroshilov Stalin lies there, and so on and so forth so

00:37:10

on After all, if this topic, well, it

00:37:13

will be or will begin to be realized in

00:37:16

reality. This is what a split will be in

00:37:19

our society, as Mikha

00:37:22

Ivano said, when he presented awards in the Kremlin, he

00:37:25

said, if you have the opportunity, come again

00:37:29

Come visit us again if you have the opportunity

00:37:31

Evgenievich Thank you It was Rush hour And

00:37:33

today my guest was the historian and

00:37:36

author of history textbooks Evgeniy

00:37:38

Yuryevich Spitsin Thank you

00:37:42

[music]

00:37:55

goodbye

00:38:02

N

Description:

Подписывайтесь на телеграм-канал RTVI: https://t.me/+f45ODW6gl60zY2My 21 января исполнилось 100 лет со дня смерти Владимира Ленина. Гость программы «Час Speak» — историк, публицист Евгений Спицын в интервью Никите Рудакову рассказал, будут ли по этому поводу раскрыты новые подробности последних дней жизни Ленина, почему знаменитая фотография Ленина в коляске — это подделка, какие были его отношения со Сталином на самом деле, правда, что Ленин был причастен к убийству царской семьи и почему его до сих пор не похоронили. Подписывайтесь на @RTVItainment и ставьте лайки RTVI Новости — все главные события в формате 24/7: https://www.youtube.com/user/myRTVi 00:00 «Час Speak». Владимир Ленин 01:35 Почему споры о деятельности Ленина всё еще ведутся? 03:07 Будут ли раскрыты новые факты о Ленине? 05:27 Знаменитая фотография Ленина в коляске — подделка? 08:23 Почему никакого «политического завещания Ленина» на самом деле не было? 13:50 Правда, что отношения Ленина и Сталина испортились к концу жизни первого? 17:06 Имел ли Ленин отношение к убийству царской семьи? 20:31 «У нас историю с этим „Философским пароходом“ слишком раздувают» 27:15 Зачем создали ВЧК? 33:41 Про Красный террор 35:16 Нужно ли захоронить Ленина?

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UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "Мифы и факты спустя 100 лет со дня смерти Ленина / Евгений Спицын // Час Speak" video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "Мифы и факты спустя 100 лет со дня смерти Ленина / Евгений Спицын // Час Speak" video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "Мифы и факты спустя 100 лет со дня смерти Ленина / Евгений Спицын // Час Speak" video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Мифы и факты спустя 100 лет со дня смерти Ленина / Евгений Спицын // Час Speak"?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "Мифы и факты спустя 100 лет со дня смерти Ленина / Евгений Спицын // Час Speak"?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.