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Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
[music]00:00:16
we continue to start writing our00:00:19
program, now we are in the process of00:00:23
converting the prototype of our game00:00:25
written in C into the actual00:00:28
program itself written in C00:00:30
plus plus00:00:31
last time we converted the code of the00:00:34
engine module into a class called c00:00:37
engine we got pretty good a large00:00:40
class that contains many00:00:44
functions of00:00:45
variables and constants, this class00:00:48
itself is quite voluminous, such an abundance of code00:00:51
in one class is, in principle, a completely00:00:53
normal phenomenon, there is nothing wrong with00:00:56
that, but in such a class there is another00:00:58
problem; in fact, here, in addition to00:01:00
the essence of00:01:01
the engine, several more are described other00:01:03
entities whose functionality is00:01:06
scattered among the functions of our engine I00:01:09
will press f5 to launch our game, please00:01:10
note we have a ball00:01:13
platform frame level bricks level00:01:17
at least these four entities are not clearly00:01:19
present among the code of our engine00:01:22
such a class overloaded with logic00:01:24
is a signal that00:01:26
the programmer should00:01:27
a3 factory this class and put the hidden00:01:30
entity into separate classes, in other00:01:33
words, we need to split our00:01:36
engine class into several classes, each of00:01:39
which will describe its own00:01:40
entity,00:01:41
but before we do this, I want to00:01:44
customize our visual studio a little, I00:01:47
noticed that last time when I00:01:49
transferred the functions to the header file,00:01:51
visual studio itself did00:01:54
some formatting for me and00:01:56
changed the code in a way that, in00:01:58
my opinion, is not the best, I will00:02:00
demonstrate this with an example, let's00:02:02
take some function that00:02:03
has parameters, for example, this fraction00:02:06
free, I will copy it from here00:02:10
I’ll paste here after the last function00:02:14
to show how visual studio00:02:16
automatically formats the code I00:02:18
paste into empty lines I paste this00:02:20
line, pay attention here in the00:02:23
declaration of the paint parameter Perry we00:02:26
have a name of type00:02:27
rect then a space then an ampersand then a00:02:31
variable name if I put a semicolon00:02:33
the visual studio corrects this cat00:02:36
because in its opinion it seems correct,00:02:38
although in fact all these rules are00:02:41
spelled out in the studio itself and we00:02:43
can change them, in fact, I think00:02:45
that it is better when our code remains in00:02:49
this form, I will explain this on another page00:02:51
For example, imagine that we have00:02:53
a variable called a00:02:55
and I can also declare another00:02:58
variable called b and00:03:00
is a reference to a value of type int,00:03:03
so from the point of view of C plus plus we00:03:05
can write like this, or we can write like this, for00:03:08
example, both spellings are quite00:03:11
acceptable and in the second case, the ampersand00:03:15
that is written along with the type name00:03:17
tells us that this is a reference to an00:03:19
entire type, but in the first case, the birsan00:03:22
before the variable name also says that00:03:23
this is a link, however, I can declare a00:03:26
variable in a string, for example, I can00:03:29
write int and then declare variable b00:03:33
which is a reference to an integer type00:03:35
after that I can write for example a00:03:37
pointer to a variable of an integer type00:03:40
called c and in this case we have00:03:43
an ampersand and an asterisk is already00:03:46
part of the name they are of the type so I00:03:49
suggest in our project and follow the00:03:51
simple rule ampersand and and00:03:53
put the asterisks close to the variable name and the00:03:56
nickname of the type name so that visual studio does00:03:59
n’t format it for us, but the cat doesn’t00:04:01
do it because in my opinion it’s not very00:04:03
good, we need to configure its00:04:06
formatting options and about another00:04:07
line of code and I’ll show this one game and00:04:11
here we go to the tools menu, then to the00:04:15
item about chance and here we have a00:04:18
menu item texts editor, which00:04:21
lists the rules for working with code00:04:24
for each language, here is our C plus plus and00:04:27
here we have if I click here or here I00:04:30
will see the same window that lists the00:04:33
main option, but the items that00:04:36
I need are in the formatting sub-item00:04:39
because they are related to formatting,00:04:41
here I will uncheck this item,00:04:44
which means I need to automatically00:04:46
format the text when leaving a00:04:48
semicolon, I also uncheck00:04:50
this item which means00:04:52
automatic formatting when00:04:54
inserting a closing brace and this00:04:57
checkbox, which also formats the code00:05:00
when I edit00:05:01
these curly braces by deleting them, adding them00:05:04
or moving them in some way,00:05:05
I click ok and now if I go00:05:09
back to the source file I’ll take this00:05:11
line and paste it here00:05:15
when I I press the semicolon visual00:05:18
studio will not format this code00:05:20
in the same way it will not00:05:21
format it if I open a curly00:05:24
brace here, while visual studio puts the second closing00:05:26
curly brace00:05:27
itself if I00:05:30
edit this text, for example,00:05:32
leaving an empty line, then writing00:05:34
our parameters is also not is changing, I00:05:38
will remove this extra year, I will correct the00:05:40
writing of the parameters so as not to00:05:41
return to this issue, then00:06:06
now it looks correct, of course,00:06:09
this is my subjective opinion, and so00:06:13
let's try to remove00:06:15
one of the implicitly present00:06:18
entities from our class, I suggest starting the00:06:21
smallest element with a ball for description00:06:24
ball, we have several variables here,00:06:27
in particular these ones that set the position of the00:06:29
ball, its speed and direction; perhaps there00:06:32
are some other changes00:06:34
that at first glance are difficult00:06:35
to determine, but all of them will become00:06:38
known to you during the transfer process; also here00:06:40
there is a pair of functions 1 for drawing the ball00:06:42
friend bob 2 for moving it to the floor and00:06:46
these functions, along with these variables,00:06:48
can be placed in a separate class for00:06:50
this, here in the code, before describing the00:06:52
class from the engine, I will add another section00:06:57
with a comment and write a class and call00:07:01
it bolt, and following my00:07:04
notation system, I I’ll add a prefix to it with a00:07:06
capital letter ы l and I could00:07:10
also add a prefix c here, which means that it00:07:12
should be in a single copy,00:07:14
but the ball can be in multiple00:07:17
copies. There is a game situation in which the ball00:07:20
can get upset and turn into 300:07:22
balls, so our program00:07:24
implies there are a lot of objects of00:07:26
this class, so I just crossed mine00:07:28
and I put a couple of curly braces and00:07:33
now we have our new class, this is the00:07:35
so-called empty class, all that00:07:38
it has is only a name and this is a completely00:07:39
valid entity in our program, but00:07:42
I will transfer the function from our darling here00:07:45
I’ll immediately make an open section here,00:07:48
I’ll write my public page and00:07:51
all the functions and data will be placed right in it, and00:07:53
later we’ll transfer to the private section those00:07:55
methods and data that should not be00:07:58
accessible from the outside. I’ll take the Friend Bob function00:08:06
and move it here as well as SBU00:08:09
and also these are the variables00:08:18
and now I take the name of this class and00:08:20
declare an object of type ball in our00:08:24
engine, I will put it for example here I write00:08:29
the name of the class00:08:30
the name of the object and now all the00:08:33
functionality of the ball will have to00:08:35
be inside the class and bolt and be00:08:38
accessible through an instance of this class an00:08:41
object named bean,00:08:43
well, of course, this is not enough and00:08:45
now I need to transfer a couple of these00:08:47
methods from the class from engine to the bolt class,00:08:51
for this I right-click00:08:54
and select the item there, finish, but or00:08:58
just click on 12 and go to the code of00:09:00
this function in order this function00:09:03
has moved from one class to another,00:09:04
here instead of the name00:09:06
with engine I need to write the name of this00:09:08
other class, that is, ball, now the00:09:13
method friend gender has become a method of another00:09:15
class, I do the same with the second00:09:18
method, press f12 and write here the name of the00:09:22
new goat, but so these methods will be00:09:25
scattered among the methods of the class with the00:09:28
engine, and frankly speaking, this is a poor00:09:30
design of the code; we have header files of the00:09:32
class and God is above the boss from the00:09:36
engine, so it would be quite logical if the00:09:39
cat of the methods themselves would also be00:09:41
spread out above the methods of the class from00:09:43
kenji,00:09:44
so I press f12 and cut00:09:49
this whole method is from here and I insert it00:09:54
before the first method of the CNG class00:09:57
here when I place00:10:00
several classes in one source file00:10:02
I separate them among themselves with four00:10:05
consecutive correct lines00:10:10
which allows you to easily00:10:13
find the place where 1 class ends00:10:15
and another begins without scrolling, now I’ll move it here00:10:17
and the second method I go to the00:10:19
header file, press f12 and00:10:22
cut out the move floor method from here and00:10:29
paste it at the beginning of the file like this if00:10:35
I now press compilation we will have a00:10:37
lot of errors because such a change in00:10:39
the code quite breaks its00:10:41
structure and we will have to bear quite a00:10:44
lot changes so that the code compiles again,00:10:50
the compiler found us 84 errors, which is00:10:54
of course a lot, and not all of them00:10:56
are compilation errors, that is,00:10:59
errors00:11:00
marked with a cross in00:11:02
a circle, there are also00:11:04
many syntax errors00:11:06
marked with this symbol, and BC and00:11:09
visual studio dump these errors in a00:11:11
common heap, although it can easily00:11:13
happen so that by correcting one line of00:11:15
code, I immediately remove many, almost a00:11:17
dozen errors because these errors are00:11:20
largely interrelated, but all00:11:22
we can do is move either through the00:11:24
list of these errors00:11:25
or through the code itself, looking at these00:11:29
underlined ones symbols and we can start00:11:32
right from here that error means that00:11:34
the variable b gpn is not defined and00:11:37
indeed in the class by God we do not have a00:11:41
variable with that name00:11:42
because this variable still00:11:44
remains in the class with engine00:11:46
if I press f12 then I will go to00:11:49
definitions variable inside the class with00:11:52
angel,00:11:53
this variable describes a pencil for00:11:55
drawing the background and this variable is needed not00:11:58
only by the ball but also by other functions00:12:00
in the same class, so you00:12:04
can’t take this variable from here like those others, it must remain here,00:12:07
therefore we must00:12:09
have a copy of this variable in our ball or00:12:11
provide access to the common for these00:12:14
two classes in a variable, but for now we00:12:16
’ll go the simple way and just00:12:18
copy, I’ll take the type hp00:12:21
added here, take the variable name bgp00:12:26
and add it here00:12:29
now if I go to the source file,00:12:31
there’s one less error and we have here is a00:12:33
similar error, an unknown pg brush symbol00:12:37
because this brush is described in another00:12:40
class, it is also needed here, so00:12:42
you can’t take it away, I’ll copy it and00:12:47
add it to our class, the sky has become a little00:12:51
easier, although there are still a lot of errors, the00:12:53
next thing I don’t like about the studio is00:12:55
that we refer to the00:12:57
indefinite identifier of the00:12:59
bonerex stops if I click and in 12 the visual00:13:03
studio will find it in the class with engine and00:13:07
indeed this structure and00:13:09
this they describe the previous and current00:13:12
position of the ball and it is quite appropriate if I00:13:15
take these structures from here and00:13:18
define them in the class was where they00:13:21
should exist because it is00:13:23
part of the00:13:24
description of the ball entity, now here this00:13:29
underlining is gone and we can move on to the00:13:31
next name ball pen is not defined, press f1200:13:36
and again we get into the definition of our00:13:38
class and sender here this pencil and the00:13:41
corresponding brush are needed only for00:13:43
drawing a ball so from here I can00:13:45
take this name and move it our00:13:51
class the same thing with the r12 brush from here00:13:58
we take it and move it here00:14:04
look further I’ll even press f7 but there are also00:14:10
a little fewer errors there were 8000:14:13
-something now 5800:14:15
now let’s sort out the complaints about the00:14:18
next function here we have the name00:14:21
ball says which is a static00:14:24
constant in the class with engine00:14:27
but it is quite logical that if the constant00:14:29
describing the size of the ball will00:14:32
be in classic describing the ball00:14:34
so I take it from here and paste it here in the00:14:37
class was look at the following00:14:43
problem max expose this the same constant,00:14:46
but this constant00:14:48
can no longer be the private property of00:14:49
the ball because the maximum value00:14:52
in X is also needed by other entities in our00:14:54
program, therefore, we can take this constant from here00:14:57
from the class with the engine, we00:14:58
cannot use it here,00:15:01
we need it and in another coffee we can00:15:04
do it quite simply in due to the fact00:15:06
that this is a constant,00:15:08
it is static and it exists neither in the00:15:11
class object from the engine, but in the class,00:15:14
therefore we can access this00:15:16
constant not through a pointer or a reference00:15:19
to the object, but by specifying the name of the class, that is, there is no00:15:23
need to take the name of the Viz Angie class and00:15:26
put it in front with the name of this00:15:28
constant like this, now I really see in the00:15:32
studio another complaint about saying that00:15:34
this constant is not available, this is because the00:15:38
max expose constant is in a private section00:15:42
in this one, so I should take this00:15:45
constant and move it to the public section00:15:48
and it would be quite logical if I00:15:49
transfer the max expose I will move imax y00:15:53
post because they are logically closely00:15:55
related to each other00:15:56
from here we cut and paste into public00:16:00
sections in the same course now00:16:03
this is a constant here available I wanted00:16:06
visual studio there were complaints about these00:16:09
constants since they use the00:16:11
value of other constants not yet described here00:16:13
they are described below,00:16:16
therefore I need to transfer these00:16:18
constants from the private section to the public and00:16:20
although I only need one, this00:16:23
is paired with this one, so I take00:16:26
both lines and add them here, the00:16:29
same goes for the constant sat white,00:16:32
compress the contra rf and take it00:16:36
and a constant paired with it and move it here00:16:42
now the error associated with the bow00:16:45
says constant the bow says constant is not00:16:48
known here because now it is a constant00:16:50
belonging to another class so I00:16:53
take the name of this other class and put00:16:56
it here like this in a pony00:17:01
naturally the constants00:17:02
migrated from the private section to00:17:04
publicly press f12 and move the00:17:11
constant from here to the public grid and00:17:17
add the class name, perhaps somewhere00:17:23
else this constant is used00:17:24
no no longer used now00:17:29
look at this name f12 and take a00:17:32
couple of these constants here and move the public00:17:35
section00:17:44
and those constant can also be where -it’s00:17:46
still used, no, too,00:17:48
but here00:17:56
f12 is better,00:18:02
oh well, the name is missing00:18:14
f1200:18:17
is a constant00:18:20
12, and here we have to change tactics, the thing is00:18:24
that I can’t write the00:18:27
class name here because the platforms00:18:30
expose is not a constant. a variable00:18:33
is a variable present in an object of00:18:36
type with engine, which means that to access00:18:39
such a variable, an00:18:40
object of type of our engine is not needed here,00:18:43
that is, the function husband ball,00:18:45
I must access the object with engine00:18:47
in order to access its00:18:49
platform variable expose, but this00:18:52
problem is solved quite I just take the00:18:55
name of this class from engine and pass a00:19:00
type variable from Ranger to our function00:19:03
I write a class I write an asterisk00:19:06
which means that it will be a pointer00:19:08
to an object of this type and write the name of this00:19:11
variable engine that is 10 I00:19:17
pass the function to the brain a pointer to our engine00:19:20
but if I changed the format of the function of the entire00:19:24
chain of the file, I must change it00:19:27
and the header file and here so that00:19:31
these descriptions are identical00:19:33
and now I take the name of an object of the type of our00:19:37
engine and here I write this name with a minus00:19:43
sign greater00:19:44
than to make an arrow and now I00:19:47
I can refer to this variable,00:19:49
sold visual studio, still a claim is made,00:19:51
she says that this variable is00:19:53
not available,00:19:54
but this is another problem, they are available,00:19:56
this is a variable because it is00:19:58
in a private section, therefore there is no00:20:01
need to remove this variable from the private00:20:03
section and place it in the public one00:20:06
here By the way, I’ll remove this empty line00:20:09
between the static consultants, here’s00:20:13
the cream to use a variable of our00:20:15
engine and wherever this name appears, I00:20:18
’ll put the name of the object and an arrow in front of it,00:20:21
now let’s see what the00:20:24
problem is with what name and this is a00:20:29
static constant, I forgot00:20:32
to put the name of the class here, I wonder00:20:34
where it is -that is used until that's all here for now00:20:39
and this is me f12 this is also a00:20:44
variable00:20:45
also in the private section of our engine00:20:48
so I transfer it from the private section to the00:20:51
public one and put in front of it the name of the00:20:55
pointer and the arrow there are still00:20:59
a few underscores left, this global00:21:02
scale is a static constant00:21:06
I’ll take it from here and put it here in the00:21:09
public section of the class with the engine and00:21:12
put the name in front of this constant and00:21:17
everywhere where it is used I’ll fix it.00:21:26
Now we also have a complaint about the00:21:29
variable h vnd which is in the00:21:33
private section and I’ll also open this00:21:36
variable, that is, I’ll move it and from00:21:37
private sections to public so that you00:21:40
can access this variable through the pointer to our beetle, there00:21:52
remains a claim regarding functions00:21:55
because this function is check lego brick hit00:21:57
if we press f12 then I will find this function in the00:22:03
private sections of the class with engine00:22:07
so I can take out this function00:22:09
from here from the private section and place00:22:12
it in the public section, but here there is one more point to put the00:22:16
name of the pointer00:22:20
since this00:22:22
function in our class follows immediately00:22:25
after the function it is a timer, it would be logical to00:22:27
expect in the code that in the file C plus00:22:30
plus is also located after functions there is a00:22:32
timer, although now this is not the case, so I00:22:35
press the f12 key, go to the code of this00:22:38
function,00:22:39
cut it out from here, return to the f12 class00:22:44
and put it after the timer,00:22:48
now we press f7 a little better and00:22:53
there are not much fewer errors,00:23:01
but at least you went through these00:23:03
class methods and bombs and00:23:06
they no longer have errors, it would seem00:23:09
such a small ball, how many functions are there in it,00:23:12
and so many actions00:23:14
have to be taken to move it00:23:17
into a separate entity,00:23:18
but let's continue, in the00:23:21
constructor of our engine there are four00:23:23
errors00:23:24
related to the fact that we are00:23:26
initializing variables here which are00:23:28
no longer in this class,00:23:30
now these changes are in another00:23:32
class, therefore, the initialization of these00:23:36
changes must occur in another00:23:38
eye, namely in the constructor of another class00:23:41
bull, we don’t have this constructor yet,00:23:43
so we need to write it, I go to the00:23:48
beginning of the file and add more here one00:23:53
feature feature will be called a00:23:57
water highball. and God and imagine myself as a00:24:02
designer, but since my husband’s header00:24:05
files have not yet described him, the visual00:24:07
studio immediately made a claim, I00:24:11
copy this name from here and paste it00:24:15
here, please00:24:18
note, I format the text of00:24:21
our class, breaking it into logical00:24:24
groups with the correct lines, at the beginning00:24:27
I have everything the constructor will come and a00:24:29
class class can have many constructors,00:24:31
so this is a separate section of code, then00:24:33
I have methods of00:24:35
our class, then variables, and00:24:38
since we have a lot of variables,00:24:40
I divided them into two groups, variables of00:24:42
simple types and variables of00:24:44
complex types, and then there is a section with00:24:47
constants This division of the code00:24:49
makes it easier to find information because00:24:51
it is the search for information by code that we are00:24:54
mainly engaged in when we write a00:24:56
program, so let’s go back to the ball constructor. I00:24:59
created a constructor and now I will transfer00:25:04
the initialization of the variable to it from here, we00:25:07
will take it and add it here, I press00:25:16
compilation f700:25:20
here visual studio highlights for us00:25:22
another problem,00:25:23
although the mov function was written correctly,00:25:27
the complaint is that this type00:25:30
with the engine is unknown here at the00:25:34
moment when visual studio analyzes the00:25:36
header file, the fact is that00:25:38
this type is defined later below and at the00:25:42
time of compilation of this line of00:25:44
visual code studio doesn’t know what the name with the00:25:48
engine means, in order to eliminate this00:25:50
error I have to tell visual studio00:25:52
that this is kvass I can’t move the00:25:54
description of this class00:25:56
above before and ball because we have00:26:00
men in this class itself here in00:26:03
this case I I have to make a so00:26:05
-called preliminary declaration00:26:07
or in English forward declaration00:26:10
I take the name of the class that I need00:26:12
earlier and put it here on a separate00:26:17
line I write kvass the name and a semicolon00:26:22
this entry means that I marked the name00:26:26
from the engine as a class00:26:27
but have not yet described you visual studio00:26:30
expect that the description will be somewhere further,00:26:32
but now I can use this00:26:34
name00:26:35
visual studio will correctly00:26:37
interpret it as a class name I click00:26:42
compilation and for some reason we have this00:26:45
suspiciously few errors, only 1300:26:48
I go to the first point00:26:51
identifier ball pen00:26:53
This function is not defined and there is no engine that creates a00:26:57
pair of pencil and brush for our00:27:01
ball and writes down their corresponding00:27:03
variables.00:27:04
Well, since these variables are now00:27:05
placed in a separate class, we need to00:27:08
indicate here the name of the object to which00:27:10
these variables belong, that is, we00:27:13
have a bolt object00:27:16
I can write bombs here.00:27:20
there was ben like this the next error paul00:27:27
frank is not defined and this error we00:27:30
have a firewood function frame of our00:27:32
engine and we could solve it we could just00:27:35
write 10 the name of the object bolt and the00:27:39
drabble function should also be called in this00:27:42
object but this is not a very good00:27:46
approach because here the function is00:27:48
to decide whether to draw the ball or not,00:27:51
which is actually the responsibility00:27:53
of the ball with others, you need to let the00:27:55
ball itself decide whether it can00:27:58
draw itself or not, so I’ll take this00:28:00
condition check, take it from here, I’ll press00:28:04
12 and the function itself will do this check,00:28:09
but there I need the opposite condition here,00:28:12
that there is an intersection, there is nothing and00:28:17
we don’t do anything here, the00:28:18
intersection rectangle is missing, I press00:28:20
control of and go to f3 to another00:28:26
function where it is defined, I copy it,00:28:29
I come back here and paste it when I00:28:33
could write,00:28:34
well, there is no need for a name here anymore object00:28:38
since we inside the ball class have00:28:40
direct access to our changes and all that00:28:44
remains is to slightly correct the line with00:28:46
the call, that is, remove the extra tab00:28:50
so the code looks more neat and the pirates and I00:28:53
inside the draw function have the00:28:55
functionality for drawing the ball, press the00:28:58
combination for everyone and look at the next00:29:01
error00:29:02
with the identifier y in the floor is undefined yes00:29:05
because this function was previously called a00:29:07
method of the00:29:09
engine class and now it is a method of the class [ __ ] I00:29:11
can call it on an object but our00:29:15
function in its side must accept00:29:18
pointers to the engine00:29:20
and there is no variable here that is a00:29:22
pointer to an00:29:24
instance of cool CNG that is in other00:29:26
words, in the00:29:28
engine method, it is a timer when calling the ball function,00:29:32
this object had to pass a00:29:33
pointer to itself, and for this, everything plus00:29:36
plus there is a special keyword00:29:38
called viz, which00:29:42
denotes a pointer to an object00:29:46
whose method is described in this code,00:29:47
in this case on the engine, perhaps you00:29:50
it will not be entirely clear what the00:29:52
keyword from means, in any case,00:29:55
it was not immediately clear to me at one time, but in00:29:57
principle there is nothing complicated here. I press00:29:59
compilation, then everyone and in the engine method check00:30:05
lego brick hit we modify the00:30:08
bull direction variable, which is now00:30:10
in the class and god in this, I’m writing here the name of the00:30:13
object of this class and now we can00:30:18
change this variable f7 and suddenly00:30:23
the program has compiled,00:30:25
let’s try to run it, well, it even somehow00:30:28
works, although this trace from the ball00:30:31
means that the background is redrawn00:30:34
incorrectly, namely, it looks like the background00:30:37
brush and pencil are not contain the correct00:30:39
values and indeed here is our class00:30:43
floor here it has b g n and b g brush00:30:49
which we use in the friend bean method00:30:52
but these variables in this class were not00:30:55
pierced by zero van and since in this00:30:57
function we do not have a pointer to the engine then,00:31:00
therefore, we cannot use00:31:02
the variables that the engine has, the00:31:05
simplest solution in this case would be to00:31:07
simply add a pointer to our00:31:09
engine here, namely, pass it as a00:31:11
parameter to this function and use the00:31:14
values from the engine, that is, I will remove00:31:19
this variable b in the class gpn and this run of the00:31:22
respondent we will use from00:31:24
our engine and I will take the name of the class and00:31:29
add here00:31:31
another parameter a pointer to our engine00:31:35
here since we changed the name of the method here,00:31:39
then we need to change it to fix it and here and00:31:43
then I will take this indicator just its00:31:47
name arrow and I’ll refer to the variable, so00:31:53
that this variable is available, I’ll00:31:55
then take it from here and move it from the00:32:02
private section of the engine class to the00:32:07
public section and do the same00:32:09
for the brooch00:32:16
and take it here and add it, let’s00:32:19
see what happens in 7 here is the00:32:26
firewood frame function when calling the function00:32:29
friend floor is missing the 3rd parameter, a pointer00:32:33
to the engine, that is, since this is a cool method, the00:32:36
engine lacks a pointer to itself,00:32:38
so I write in x,00:32:41
compile, compile, run and00:32:46
everything works and it’s good, well, what else I’ll00:32:53
fix is the name of the method that we00:32:55
call us here it says balu.00:32:58
friend ball and to be honest, this word is the00:33:01
second bolt, it’s only a little bit, but this would be00:33:04
considered the best draw to God,00:33:06
so I click at 12, I’ll come to this00:33:10
method again l12, I’ll go to the class and00:33:13
remove these extra words from here, I press00:33:17
alt and the left mouse button and correct00:33:20
immediately by name, and here I remove this00:33:26
piece and this one,00:33:29
press f7 and adjust the places where00:33:34
these methods are called, run it, it works,00:33:43
and so we got it, we took from a00:33:47
rather large class he's engine,00:33:50
which clearly contained several00:33:52
entities, we took from this class a00:33:56
separate entity describing our ball00:33:59
and described it as a separate class I, although00:34:03
such a class looks quite normal00:34:04
in my opinion, quite a lot of00:34:06
elements are in the public section,00:34:09
not all of these variables are needed to be00:34:12
used externally, that is, change them from an00:34:14
object like00:34:15
bolt with others with you most of the00:34:17
variables and constants of this class00:34:19
should be private because these00:34:21
are implementation details of this00:34:23
class, but since we call these methods on an00:34:26
object, I’m not sure about the variables,00:34:28
let’s try to00:34:30
put everything else in private sex I00:34:33
tried to compile and got a bunch of00:34:37
errors associated with the use of these00:34:40
elements in particular ball says we00:34:43
need coffee with the engine ball pen we00:34:48
modify when we create a pencil00:34:50
brush the direction we change from the functions00:34:56
belonging to the engine00:35:02
so I’ll try to move these elements00:35:04
into the public section compile direction00:35:16
f12 now with direction we move it to the00:35:21
public section compile now00:35:29
this class looks better Now those00:35:31
elements that we use in an00:35:33
object of type apple are available in the public00:35:37
section, and those elements that we do not00:35:39
use, that use the methods of00:35:42
this class,00:35:43
they remain in the private section.00:35:46
Now we can consider that we have moved the00:35:49
functionality of the ball into a separate00:35:52
class. We will pause00:35:55
now. try to take the ball out of your00:35:58
engine into a separate class, it may00:36:01
not be so easy, maybe00:36:04
break everything altogether, but if anything you00:36:06
should already have the skills and abilities to00:36:08
return the project to its previous state, and00:36:11
if you break everything, just try00:36:13
again00:36:14
this experience that you will gain taking the00:36:16
code into a separate class will be great for you00:36:18
later in your work, we00:36:22
continue to refactor the class of our00:36:25
game engine, this class is still00:36:27
complex internally, there are still00:36:30
several other entities and our task is00:36:33
to move these entities into separate classes00:36:35
so that in each class 1 entity is described00:36:38
and the next candidate for a00:36:40
separate class,00:36:41
I think will be our level, I run the00:36:44
program key f5 this array of00:36:48
bricks in our project is called a00:36:51
level and to describe the level in this00:36:53
class we have several constants, these are00:36:55
these, whether you are white-level hate or love00:36:59
set a Also, this is the width and height of the00:37:02
cell.00:37:03
We have functions that00:37:06
relate to this entity: drawing a00:37:08
brick,00:37:09
drawing a letter, and the Friend Lev function,00:37:12
which draws the level itself,00:37:13
and also perhaps some variables00:37:16
are part of this entity. Now it’s not00:37:19
obvious which ones should go into our00:37:21
class, but as how we will transfer00:37:23
the code and data from this class to another00:37:25
visual studio will tell us with its00:37:28
errors those places in the code that we00:37:30
should correct in order to transfer the00:37:32
essence of the describing level into a00:37:34
separate class.00:37:35
Here, in front of the engine class, I will create00:37:39
another class as it describes you00:37:43
waist level war for the ruble in English00:37:45
left and I’ll put a prefix and mean00:37:50
that this name is askew00:37:52
I’ll immediately put a public section here and00:37:55
transfer all the data and all the functions into it00:37:58
and then we’ll transfer those of them that seem to be00:38:00
service elements to the00:38:03
private section I’ll take this I’ll move this pair of00:38:07
constants and these pairs of constants00:38:10
here,00:38:15
I’ll take this function, even these00:38:20
four functions and move them here, and00:38:25
there’s also this function that00:38:29
processes the collision of a ball with a00:38:30
brick,00:38:31
since these are traffic jams, which means it00:38:34
should be in this class00:38:36
Well, now it remains to transfer these00:38:38
methods00:38:39
from the office manager class to the Lego class.00:38:42
By the way, I came here and they are on the left and00:38:46
on the left because it implies that in00:38:49
this I there may be many game levels00:38:51
and again, I’m not sure about this, I’m just00:38:53
guessing that there will be many game00:38:56
levels,00:38:57
but if later it turns out that the class00:38:59
describing the level should be in a00:39:01
single copy,00:39:02
I’ll just change its name, but for now it will be00:39:05
like this, copy this name, press f12 and go00:39:10
to this method00:39:12
and transfer this method to another braid00:39:16
and at the same time I’ll take this code from here and cut it out00:39:21
and I will insert it before the first function of the00:39:26
class from the engine since we have00:39:30
header files of goats and the left one00:39:32
is located above the class from the engine in the00:39:35
source file, we are also here you00:39:37
will place it before the code of this class I00:39:41
insert 4 empty lines00:39:43
method and comments and also when I am in the00:39:50
same file having several classes,00:39:52
I also sign them with separate00:39:55
comments, which slightly increases00:39:58
the stability of the code,00:40:11
and we continue to transfer the remaining00:40:13
methods friend brik after him comes with bri00:40:23
clitoris course this one and then drow brik00:40:29
lecturer the00:40:31
next direct method and / lego00:40:38
these four methods in this source00:40:42
file they also go one, we take it away, so I00:40:44
immediately select everything and move it here, all that00:40:56
remains is to change the class names00:41:00
like this and that, but in principle you can00:41:10
compile,00:41:11
pressed everything, I get a whole bunch of00:41:16
errors and I can, in principle, start from00:41:19
this list, I can switch the source00:41:22
file and go through here with all00:41:24
the underlining that we00:41:26
will encounter here, it00:41:28
seems to me that it will probably be easier to go through the list,00:41:32
so the first error is the class from the engine does not00:41:36
have a member of the left head because00:41:39
now it belongs to another class,00:41:41
here it is, this is a constant, this is the tail,00:41:45
so by changing here, after all, I am00:41:49
correcting errors and also the00:41:53
next error sng now does not have00:41:57
such constants and that’s how it is, but this00:42:04
function should now be called by it in the00:42:06
engine and at the level, but I suggest returning to this error00:42:09
a little later, but for now00:42:12
we’ll deal with something like a pimple thing,00:42:15
for example with this error I click f1200:42:20
and we move on to the description of the brick00:42:24
red pen variable which is in the class with00:42:27
engine00:42:28
and this variable describes the pencil for00:42:31
drawing bricks00:42:32
but it is obvious that this pencil should00:42:35
already be in another guest so I00:42:37
copy the hp type and paste it here00:42:44
brick red band00:42:46
I think and we'll take the brik blue pen from here,00:42:51
and most likely we need to do the same with the brushes,00:43:12
press compilation f7, there are00:43:16
fewer errors and we can continue to go00:43:18
through this list, so this is Ushakova later, we'll00:43:22
look at this one, perhaps later, too,00:43:25
because it's connected to our ball and this00:43:28
error will be easier fix it because00:43:30
it concerns only constants, press00:43:32
f12 and find the Golgotha constant00:43:36
inside the class with engine00:43:38
and we access this constant from the00:43:42
left class,00:43:44
therefore, since this is a static00:43:47
constant, I just need to indicate the name of the00:43:51
class, I can access this00:43:55
constant00:43:56
and everywhere where we use it00:44:01
constant00:44:02
I will put the class name in front of it, it00:44:04
turns out to be a rather large00:44:09
line of code, but sometimes the lines are00:44:13
large here00:44:19
I could use automatic00:44:20
replacement, but we have several classes in this file00:44:23
and such automatic00:44:27
replacement00:44:28
may be a bad decision00:44:32
or even lead to additional00:44:34
errors, so it is better if I00:44:37
’ll do it all manually,00:44:45
well, this is how00:44:47
we compile and the next00:44:52
problem is that the00:44:53
bricklight identifier is not defined,00:44:59
I press e and eleven, and indeed00:45:02
these two static constants00:45:04
are in the class with the engine,00:45:07
although they describe the brick, which00:45:09
is an element of the entity of our00:45:13
level, so I’ll move them here00:45:15
and although the brick itself is also an entity,00:45:20
for now let it be an element of the entity00:45:23
level, and for us this means that00:45:26
later we will need to remove the00:45:29
essence brick from the entity level,00:45:32
unless of course we learn this into a separate00:45:35
class, we compile from 7 errors there are even fewer00:45:39
and here is another syntactic one error00:45:42
constant so white I happen in the engine it is00:45:48
no longer known this is because they00:45:50
migrated00:45:51
another class so I will put here00:46:01
compile all the syntax errors00:46:04
until there are no compilation errors left and00:46:08
let's see what we can do with them00:46:10
so balls for now I'll leave the error00:46:14
name for so on. n. unknown in the draw function00:46:21
brik liter00:46:25
variable liter pen unknown press00:46:28
f12 I go to the definition of these are00:46:30
variables in another class with engine00:46:33
but in principle here this variable is also00:46:36
not needed I will take it from here and put it in the00:46:42
class level so the next error00:46:47
but by the way this is the variable letter pen00:46:50
we create it in a function and there is no engine00:46:53
when initializing our engine,00:46:55
and since this variable is now a00:46:57
member of the level class, I can use our level variable in this00:47:00
code in our engine,00:47:02
but00:47:04
for this we must have an object in our engine that00:47:07
describes the level, but it does00:47:09
n’t exist yet so I'll take this class name00:47:12
and create class earthlings here or00:47:18
and then now I can use this name to00:47:23
access its variable like this,00:47:26
respectively, and here there are00:47:39
fewer errors,00:47:42
this is the constant I press 12 is defined00:47:46
now the left bones so that in the00:47:50
class method and sensein we could00:47:52
use this constant, I should00:47:54
put the class name here also here here here00:47:59
and here we press f700:48:11
and there are very few errors left00:48:15
or not found because now the00:48:19
lego draw method is not a method of the00:48:22
engine class but a method of the left class so I will00:48:25
write here.00:48:28
we will call this method on the object and at the same time00:48:32
we will do the same thing as we00:48:34
did with drawing a ball, if I00:48:36
click on in volume 12 I will go to the method to00:48:41
our ball and here inside this00:48:43
method we check whether the00:48:47
area that has changed on the screen intersects with the00:48:50
ball itself if it doesn’t intersect, then we do00:48:53
n’t draw anything in the same way, I00:48:56
’ll do this here, I’ll take this code,00:48:58
check this and move the function inside00:49:02
here, but the condition will be different00:49:07
if it doesn’t intersect to return, all00:49:12
that’s left is to add the definition of00:49:15
this rectangle00:49:20
and pass this rectangle here00:49:24
I I press control of, I go to where00:49:27
the function is called, I00:49:28
pass this parameter here00:49:36
and here I receive it, I even wash 1 of 1200:49:40
to go to the header file,00:49:42
I insert this parameter here00:49:46
and it remains to be corrected a little, it00:49:51
presses compilation in 7 and this error00:49:56
left rect00:49:57
says the fact that in the class at least left00:50:00
there is no such structure because it00:50:03
is in kvass dreams, so I00:50:07
also take it from here and move it here,00:50:14
compile it00:50:18
and get the following error, which says00:50:21
that our engine now cannot00:50:24
use this variable00:50:26
because this structural variable00:50:29
is part of the class was filled in, I press00:50:32
alt, separate the vertical stripe and00:50:36
insert the name of this object here and also00:50:40
here and here00:50:44
we compile, so there are two errors left00:50:49
that need to be postponed for a while, then the first is00:50:51
related to function 2, related to the ball,00:50:54
this error is related to the fact that we are functions of a00:50:58
man lego brick hit which is00:51:01
in the class on the left we must change the values of the00:51:03
variable belonging to the ball, this00:51:06
means that we would have to pass a00:51:09
pointer to the ball here so that we can00:51:11
access its variable,00:51:13
but we can make it simpler, we can00:51:14
pass a pointer to the variable itself00:51:16
God direction or not even a pointer but a00:51:19
link namely I’ll take this name,00:51:24
press f12 to find this function in00:51:27
the header files again, and in 12 I00:51:30
’ll take this name and add a parameter here00:51:32
since it was direction, we have the type00:51:35
mined for the exchange, I’d need to change the name and00:51:42
put ampersand, that is, I’ll pass a link to this00:51:45
function to the direction of the ball00:51:54
and then here I will use this00:51:57
variable and our class can now00:52:01
know nothing at all about the ball and this is00:52:05
good, the less information is needed for00:52:07
this class to work better,00:52:10
but the truth is now we will have an error00:52:12
associated with calling this function, I00:52:14
click compilation and now we get00:52:19
such an error that the engine does not have such a00:52:22
function, now this function is located in00:52:25
another class, now this is a class method and00:52:29
therefore here we need to turn00:52:32
not to the engine butt, which means that where00:52:35
and before and pointers to the engine,00:52:37
here I can pass the pointer to00:52:39
our level, that is, add one more00:52:41
parameter, the bread function asterisk, where00:52:48
this form is declared at00:52:50
twelve o’clock from working, I put00:52:53
the cursor on the class name, press f12,00:52:56
go to the class description from the00:52:59
husband function here, I added the left one and then I can00:53:04
call here this function cos or it is00:53:08
not there, which is what is missing and the wonderful00:53:10
parameter of the direction of the ball,00:53:15
now from this wire there will be another00:53:17
error for everyone00:53:21
which will indicate that at the00:53:23
time of compilation of the00:53:25
class and ball we know nothing about00:53:27
Lego because it is described below00:53:31
but again, we can fix this by00:53:33
adding a preliminary00:53:35
declaration of00:53:38
its class here and this error will go away when I add a00:53:44
preliminary declaration of the class, in00:53:46
fact, this is kind of logical and a00:53:48
crutch, the presence of such preliminary00:53:51
declarations,00:53:52
this indicates that00:53:54
the architecture of our project is not entirely00:53:56
perfect in the correct architecture00:53:59
should not have such preliminary00:54:00
declarations and everything should00:54:02
compile perfectly, so for us in the00:54:04
future these are the places in the code that00:54:07
need to be improved, that is, reorganizing the00:54:10
structure of our classes so that we do not00:54:12
have to put these00:54:13
preliminary declarations in advance, but00:54:16
we will fix this problem later for now I00:54:17
click and that’s it and the last00:54:21
error remains: the function of does not accept one00:54:24
argument,00:54:25
it takes 2 1 this is engine, return a00:54:30
pointer to an object of type Angie and the words00:54:33
viz are these pointers00:54:35
and the second argument is a pointer to the00:54:37
level level we have here, this00:54:40
object is00:54:41
on the left, so here I need to write the00:54:44
name of this object, and since I need00:54:47
a pointer, I put an ampersand in front of the name00:54:49
and thus it becomes a00:54:52
pointer to an object like00:54:54
Lego, compile everything, compile,00:54:59
run, well, it somehow works00:55:04
and that’s good, there’s still one problem in this code,00:55:09
even a few problems00:55:12
that I would like to draw attention to00:55:14
here we have a function00:55:15
for initializing our engine 1200:55:21
I go to the code and here in the00:55:24
initialization function we initialize the00:55:27
data members of other classes here here00:55:31
here and here in fact this is not00:55:35
entirely correct the thing is that this00:55:38
engine class, frankly speaking, should not00:55:40
worry at all about how to properly00:55:42
parse and parse elements of other00:55:44
classes, on the contrary, other classes00:55:48
themselves must take care that their00:55:50
variables are correctly00:55:51
initialized, which means that00:55:54
this code should not be in this class,00:55:57
this code must be in the class on the left and there00:56:00
initialize its00:56:02
elements,00:56:03
therefore we need to00:56:05
initialize our level for this I00:56:08
go to our level class and add00:56:12
another initialization function here since it’s00:56:14
like a special function, although in00:56:16
fact it’s a regular function of this class, but it does00:56:18
n’t make sense especially it should be called00:56:21
once started, then I will place this function00:56:24
also at the beginning of the class description and it is a one-time function00:56:26
and there is no abbreviation for initialization, all that00:56:30
remains is to describe this function00:56:34
where the class code is located, I press f1200:56:37
and go to00:56:43
that is, this is not a constructor, this00:56:46
initialization function is in In principle, the initialization00:56:49
should be carried out by the constructor, but the00:56:52
level object will be constructed before the00:56:55
window is created in our program and00:56:56
before the00:56:58
graphic elements of this program become available to us.00:57:00
Therefore, in a program on Windows, it is quite a00:57:02
normal situation when we perform the00:57:04
so-called delayed initialization,00:57:07
that is, we initialize object after00:57:10
it has already been created, why was the00:57:12
initialization function invented, in00:57:14
general, I go to our engine00:57:17
function and there is no engine and take00:57:21
this code here and transfer it to the00:57:28
initialization function, since it would easily be00:57:32
the name of the object, then here it is not needed,00:57:39
we remain add a class name for the skill00:57:41
constant00:57:42
gabs that are in the engine,00:57:57
but now you need to call this non-00:57:59
socialization function when initializing our00:58:02
M12 engine, here now, when00:58:11
initializing the engine, we will call the00:58:13
appropriate function that will00:58:15
perform the correct initialization of00:58:17
the level, well, since we have already made the00:58:19
initialization function for the level then in an amicable way,00:58:21
all the other lines of code that00:58:24
deal with initialization also need to be00:58:26
moved where, I can take this,00:58:28
collect this at 12, put00:58:34
f3 here, move to the next symbols, that is,00:58:38
the function is returned and there is no engine, and these00:58:43
two lines from here, take f12 here,00:58:48
insert it like this it would be correct, I00:58:52
remove the name of the bread because now these are00:58:55
already parts of the class, this code, but we00:58:59
have other errors and are related to the fact00:59:01
that I am accessing elements in particular to00:59:04
functions declared in another class,00:59:06
if for the gobble skill constant it is not00:59:09
enough to put the class name then for00:59:14
level initialization, in order for me to access the function of00:59:18
this crate paint brush, which is00:59:20
actually declared in the class of our00:59:25
engine, I00:59:32
would need to pass pointers00:59:34
to the engine to the initialization function of our level,00:59:35
but this is not entirely correct, the fact is00:59:38
that our engine00:59:40
has a given member called level and00:59:43
this means that our engine00:59:45
owns an object of type left and passing00:59:48
pointers to the engine to this object00:59:50
so that our level cannot use00:59:52
the functionality of the engine00:59:53
is not entirely correct because we00:59:55
end up with a looped dependency class00:59:58
a stranger should know about left01:00:03
a-level about with engine Such logical01:00:07
loops are the source of the most serious01:00:10
problems in programs and we must avoid them in every possible way,01:00:12
we must complete all01:00:14
hierarchical dependencies, that is, one01:00:17
class must know about the other, this01:00:20
other must not know anything about the one01:00:22
who owns it, the part to solve this01:00:25
problem is all plus plus there is one more a01:00:28
wonderful feature:01:00:29
once again we have a class and a class01:00:33
that has an initialization method and we01:00:35
need to use the function of another01:00:38
class and at the same time we need not to pass a01:00:41
pointer to another class here, in this01:00:44
case we could use a01:00:46
static method of another class as01:00:50
you remember from us a class with an engine01:00:54
has static constants that01:00:58
are a special type of data, these01:01:01
static constants are always01:01:03
present in a single copy in01:01:05
the program, and in addition to static01:01:08
data elements, the class can have static01:01:10
functions or other01:01:13
static methods, these methods are not01:01:15
static, these are ordinary methods of the class and01:01:18
for in order to call them, you don’t need01:01:20
an object01:01:21
from which you can call these methods, but01:01:23
I can also have01:01:24
static methods and then I don’t need01:01:27
an object, just the class itself is not enough,01:01:31
let me try to show this with an01:01:33
example, we need the function credit paint01:01:36
brush let him take this function01:01:38
first Firstly, we’ll put it in the public section01:01:41
and secondly, we’ll write the keyword static in front of it01:01:46
and now this function becomes01:01:50
static, that is, in order to01:01:52
call such a function you don’t need an object01:01:55
in the form of a link or a pointer, but the class name,01:02:01
just like that, click compile and project01:02:09
peeler from Please note that we01:02:12
took a function from our engine and made it01:02:16
static, but not every method can be01:02:19
taken and made static, the fact is01:02:21
that this method is glue paint brush,01:02:23
it does not use data elements of the01:02:27
class with the engine, it does not access the01:02:29
data members of this class at all, which means it01:02:33
and can become static, for example,01:02:35
this method is a timer, I can’t make it01:02:37
static because it refers to the01:02:40
visa keyword which substitutes a01:02:44
pointer to an object, or for example,01:02:47
I can’t make this method the core of platforms static either01:02:50
because it01:02:52
operates on data and press 12 which are01:02:56
members of the class and only this method I01:03:00
can make static because it01:03:02
takes parameters and returns data01:03:05
in the parameters, I’ll probably not explain very well01:03:08
what static methods are,01:03:10
perhaps not all of you will be able to understand how to01:03:13
use them, but I hope that over01:03:16
time, using an example other static01:03:18
methods in our project, you will understand how to01:03:20
use them and will be able to use this01:03:23
feature of classes where it is01:03:25
really needed, but since we01:03:27
moved this method and now we have it in the01:03:33
public section after the method it is a timer01:03:36
in the source code it should be after01:03:39
method, it’s a timer, which means it does01:03:42
n’t need to be transferred, and one more problem that01:03:45
I would like to draw attention to is that01:03:48
we have all the elements in the public01:03:50
section and now it’s worth transferring to the01:03:52
private section so that it can’t01:03:54
be used01:03:55
outside, it’s not a function, well, we definitely01:03:58
use it outside but I’m not sure about the rest,01:03:59
so I declare a private01:04:04
section and everything below it automatically01:04:06
becomes a drive, I click compilation01:04:09
and look at the errors required x love set01:04:14
the theater constant became unavailable in01:04:17
spears with the engine, which means they must be in the01:04:20
public section this is this and this I01:04:30
think that this couple of Konstantin then it01:04:32
still needs to be left in the public01:04:35
sector and everyone01:04:40
this method is also used outside01:04:43
is called for an object of type a level01:04:47
I press e and eleven again at 12 and01:04:50
move it there is a vodka section01:04:54
in public01:04:55
and also to the left also called an01:05:00
object of type01:05:01
and pecked at 12 at 12 from here we take it there and01:05:06
transfer it x7 compiled without errors in01:05:11
this natural way we01:05:15
distributed the01:05:16
members of the class to the left into two sections01:05:20
private and public well01:05:21
at this point we will01:05:23
pause again now that we have taken the second01:05:26
course from our engine,01:05:27
our code has changed quite a lot and I01:05:30
think you should also take this brew01:05:34
out of your engine and compare it with the01:05:36
result that I display at the link. By the01:05:39
way, since we can take the initialization of01:05:42
the level into a separate function, then01:05:45
we should have done the same from the01:05:47
initialization of the ball, here is the01:05:50
init method The engine is engaged in initializing01:05:53
data members of another class, which from the point of01:05:56
view of programming on the op.01:05:58
wrong, so we should put01:06:01
this one line of code into a separate01:06:04
initialization function for the ball, call01:06:07
this initialization function in this method01:06:10
of the class was, I will do it by analogy with the01:06:14
method and no f12 and I’ll take it directly01:06:17
from here and where our ball is, we01:06:23
have a constructor after I01:06:27
’ll paste this method here01:06:37
and change it, so I copied and pasted this01:06:42
initialization01:06:49
and into this method I’ll transfer the code from another01:06:53
control, press f301:06:56
f3 I go to the function not styling the01:07:00
engine, we take this line from here and bf301:07:04
I go back to our new function01:07:08
I’ll paste and since this the method01:07:10
is now an aesthetic method,01:07:13
cool with the engine, then I need to01:07:15
write the name of this class here and this01:07:21
way I can call this function,01:07:24
well, accordingly, we remove the name of the object01:07:26
because we are already01:07:28
modifying our own variables in this method,01:07:32
well, all that remains is to call this function,01:07:35
press f301:07:37
f3 and here, for the copyists, we01:07:45
compile, we compile successfully,01:07:50
we launch it and it works, now01:07:55
it turns out more correctly, well, let’s01:07:59
take out one more entity from our engine,01:08:01
I propose to take out the01:08:03
essence of the platform, the platform is described by01:08:07
platform variables, expose from01:08:10
white using01:08:11
these two methods, and perhaps01:08:15
some other methods in general, I’ll create01:08:19
another class, call it platforms, and01:08:25
I’ll put a prefix01:08:27
and immediately add a public lecture, here’s an01:08:33
empty class in which we transfer the01:08:35
platform functionality, these two01:08:37
variables, these two methods,01:08:50
and this constant,01:08:59
oops in the wrong place, and now I I’ll change the01:09:06
class name01:09:08
of the method of crying platforms and take this01:09:14
method from childhood 1 of me and take these01:09:18
two methods01:09:20
from here, we cut and paste them before the01:09:26
first method of our engine because the01:09:30
goat platform goes before the class of engines01:09:34
3401:09:41
and for beauty I write all these methods01:09:44
comments and compile them and we get01:09:51
another hundreds of errors, I’ll probably01:09:54
go through these red underlines,01:09:57
press f12 and take these two structures01:10:02
describing the position of the platform01:10:04
from the class from the engine and transfer the goats of01:10:09
the platform to this globe,01:10:13
press f12, it’s definitely in our01:10:16
engineer so that we can use it from01:10:20
class a and platforms and I’ll leave here the name of the01:10:25
class and 22 and the keys01:10:33
and by the way regarding the name of the class in our01:10:41
game there can be only one platform, we don’t01:10:44
mean many platforms, that is, there01:10:48
needs to be one object of type and platforms, so I’ll01:10:50
mark it with the prefix s01:10:53
which will tell me what the object of this01:10:56
like it should be in a single01:10:57
copy and now we press f12 and01:11:06
we take this constant from the class and son01:11:10
John we move it here I press all the errors01:11:17
became slightly minji and here we have a01:11:20
call to the disabled function and a track with an01:11:23
unknown variable h vnd01:11:26
and we have recently similar change the line of code01:11:29
somehow and the best option01:11:31
would be to see how we did it, I01:11:33
press control of and pv3 go to all01:11:36
places in the code where a call to this function occurs, this is01:11:39
how we solved this situation in the01:11:43
ball class, we passed a pointer to our01:11:46
engine and they took the variable as much as01:11:52
n.d. maybe this is not the best solution, but01:11:54
it already works for our program, so01:11:57
I’ll duplicate it, take this parameter from here01:12:00
and go to the place in the code01:12:04
where we were just and add01:12:08
this parameter here, but if I add it,01:12:12
then after catching 12 I can no longer01:12:13
switch to01:12:14
the header file where this method is described,01:12:17
so I first switch to01:12:20
the header file to01:12:23
find somewhere this is located and then01:12:27
insert the parameter here01:12:28
and here, and here through the arrow I access the01:12:36
war variable h. We also01:12:43
seem to have already solved this problem somewhere01:12:45
when calling or the select a jet function and01:12:48
somehow resolve this error, I press01:12:50
counter f, and of course there were01:12:54
quite a lot of such places in the code, but if your01:12:57
offtrack runs through them, then I’m01:13:00
going to go to a cafe with an engine, this is not that, here in the01:13:05
class of01:13:06
God again Let’s pass here as a01:13:09
parameter01:13:10
pointers to the engine and take this01:13:14
variable from it, let’s use the same method, but01:13:16
here in favor of contra father, so I go by f12 to01:13:23
our function here and where we01:13:26
drew the platform, I’ll pass01:13:29
this parameter here too, press f12 and I insert01:13:34
this parameter here01:13:41
and I already take this change from it. To be01:13:50
honest, I don’t like this01:13:51
approach when we have to pass a01:13:54
pointer to our engine everywhere, the01:13:55
thing is that our engine owns an01:13:57
instance of the platform and therefore01:14:00
the platform should no longer know anything about the01:14:02
engine, so this is the transfer01:14:04
parameter to take a01:14:06
pencil brush from it, this is a temporary solution, we01:14:09
are using it for now in order to01:14:11
somehow separate the complex from the cool simple01:14:14
and other errors remain if I press01:14:18
f12 that I will find in the class with the engine a01:14:23
pencil for drawing a ball platform01:14:26
as well as the inside of the platform01:14:28
well and of course, it’s better01:14:32
to transfer these elements to the platform itself, the01:14:41
same goes for brushes, I’m01:14:45
copying these moves01:14:50
here, I’m deleting them, and we’re inserting01:15:00
Gab’s skill here, this constant is from the class with01:15:05
engine,01:15:08
but it’s quite a lot of replacements that will have to be01:15:10
made, so I’ll do an auto replacement, I’ll01:15:14
replace01:15:15
this word, I press control and01:15:20
in this window I have a description of what word we are changing and here to01:15:23
what word I paste the name of class 2 here:01:15:28
I copy this name and now I01:15:33
will replace this line with the view, but so that it01:15:35
is not throughout the code,01:15:37
I will highlight this one part here, click01:15:42
selection and now all changes in the code01:15:46
will happen only in the place where I01:15:48
selected I click replace all elements01:15:52
visual studio red I changed the code in01:15:55
twenty-two places, this complaint remains01:16:03
f12 and the circles constant01:16:08
turns out to be related to the platform,01:16:12
we transfer it to class from the form a01:16:17
invite and platforms x step is a01:16:22
variable that I will take from the class with01:16:25
benjen01:16:26
and put it in the class with platforms and01:16:31
we also have a highway pen this is a pencil with01:16:34
which we draw the highlight on the01:16:36
black ball or rather on the ball01:16:38
I will transfer the water to the class with platforms,01:16:43
press f7 and we still have a lot of errors,01:16:48
and these errors indicate that here01:16:51
in the constructor we are initializing a01:16:54
variable that is no longer a01:16:56
member of the data of this class because01:17:00
we transferred them to another class on our01:17:02
platform, these are these four variables,01:17:05
so I need this It’s not a goal01:17:08
to do this in another class, I’ll take01:17:11
this whole method directly, I’ll copy it, I’ll01:17:15
go in the code to the first method of our01:17:18
platform, I’ll press and in 12 and paste the01:17:21
whole constructor, it’s clear that all that remains is to01:17:23
change the class name and align the church,01:17:28
and it seems right,01:17:31
and declare this constructor in the01:17:34
description of the goats here all that01:17:41
remains is to return to the designer of01:17:44
our engine about 12 of them and select from here01:17:47
this problem,01:17:49
well, f7 has become a little better and due to the fact01:17:55
that some constants have moved to01:17:58
another class, we have01:17:59
additional errors, but this is normal, I01:18:03
take the name of the class and this one the01:18:07
platform constant is lit pos I mark it with a different01:18:10
name,01:18:11
respectively, and here and this and here we01:18:18
already need to access the variable from the01:18:20
platform they are from the engine in the method of the minds of the01:18:26
ball, we transferred the entire engine here01:18:29
to take from it a variable01:18:31
related to the platform and to the window01:18:35
all the way to Venda, therefore Now here we01:18:37
have to pass pointers to an object of the type of01:18:40
our platform, so I01:18:45
1212 so here I will pass the parameter of01:18:48
our platform forum01:18:53
to the truck01:19:09
and I’ll take it from this pointer and now01:19:13
they are like01:19:16
this I think that now that we01:19:24
have moved the platform functionality into a separate01:19:26
class01:19:27
we need create an instance of this class,01:19:30
that is, an object inside our engine,01:19:34
here I will add an object of the platform type after the level01:19:38
so that we can call its01:19:42
functions and access Kiev before I click01:19:46
on 7 errors, there are still quite a lot of order01:19:53
xs-12 and visual studio transfers me01:19:57
to platforms expose they but this name01:20:01
but this will slightly turn on already visual studio01:20:04
this happens I can just press01:20:06
control shift and press find all and find01:20:11
all the places in the horse and there is this border x01:20:14
offset this is a constant01:20:17
that is defined in the engine this I take01:20:21
the name of the engine and put it here so that indicate01:20:25
where this is a constant, but here01:20:31
and for everyone,01:20:36
and we again come to our01:20:38
engine initialization function, which01:20:41
initializes variables that01:20:42
have already moved to another class, so01:20:45
here I’ll simply add01:20:47
another function for initialization by analogy,01:20:58
and by analogy with other functions I01:21:00
’ll go, for example, by f12 to this function01:21:03
but it is very large f3 for example on this01:21:08
ball f12 it is a small function here I01:21:13
will copy it all and copy-paste it,01:21:17
but for the platform here after the01:21:20
constructor I press f12 and paste01:21:24
this code here I now have an01:21:28
initialization function that is empty for now but01:21:32
it is already called somewhere in this club,01:21:35
so I’ll add a header file here,01:21:41
press f3 and go to where we call01:21:45
this function, I take this line of code in 12, I01:21:51
insert f3 here, I take these two lines from here,01:21:58
f12, I insert ev3 here, but basically that’s01:22:05
it initialization of the platform01:22:06
ends, we are already using it,01:22:08
so here I will put01:22:10
the name of the object in which the functions of the01:22:13
platform core are called, all that remains is to fix01:22:15
this function, initialization since I01:22:18
call static methods, take the mole,01:22:22
I can put the name of the class and01:22:26
thus the error goes away and everyone compiles01:22:32
dogs slightly less and go to the01:22:37
fraction frame function, but here we’re01:22:40
just acting by analogy, we’ll take01:22:43
this line no, I’ll take it a little later,01:22:45
we’ll call this drop function from the form01:22:48
on the platform object and move this01:22:54
check01:22:55
inside this function 1201:23:00
here and change the conditions if it does not01:23:05
intersect,01:23:07
to return, add here, add01:23:16
interception ed here and pass the trust point here,01:23:20
I press control p.f.01:23:24
I go to for in this function using the f3 key01:23:28
to take the parameter p and heavy f12 in01:23:34
12 and add it here01:23:43
like this f301:23:46
and here we have to draw the platform we01:23:49
call the function, we pass it two01:23:51
variables that are already in the01:23:54
platform so I just won’t do them01:23:57
here pass to 12 and here,01:24:04
accordingly, this function no longer01:24:06
accepts variables from the outside, it will01:24:09
use01:24:10
variables that are members of the goats,01:24:12
that is, wherever we used x01:24:15
and it is used a lot here y, too,01:24:19
I will use these two variables,01:24:24
this is a constant,01:24:26
but so as not increase the amount of code01:24:29
that is here and so much I will do like01:24:32
this I will introduce a variable x01:24:36
which will have the value of this01:24:40
variable and a variable y01:24:43
which will have the value of this01:24:46
constant01:24:49
so the code here will not have to be01:24:52
changed and everything will work the same as01:24:56
before for everyone and still the machine is something01:25:02
under our form that is difficult to separate from the01:25:05
engine since these variables01:25:09
are now part of the platform01:25:11
i.e.01:25:14
then I will put the name of the object in front of their name01:25:17
from the ready one I will take these01:25:19
variables here so here it is so01:25:42
f701:25:47
and here is the error that says there are01:25:50
too few arguments for the call01:25:53
we here had to pass a pointer01:25:55
to the engine01:25:56
and since this cat is inside the01:25:58
method from engine to the pointers to the jump01:26:01
will be in the forest, that is, to everyone and here,01:26:08
too, there is not enough a pointer to the engine, that01:26:12
is, to itself and the printer and everyone01:26:23
here we add from01:26:30
and here we are missing a platform and the platform of01:26:34
this us is now described by the01:26:36
platforms object, so I put01:26:39
the platform here and ampersand01:26:41
which takes the address of this object and01:26:44
makes it a pointer to the platform and01:26:47
in seven and we are faced with the same01:26:54
problem that we already encountered at01:26:56
the time of compilation,01:26:58
the header files of this line of code01:27:00
do not know what the name from the platforms means,01:27:03
so I will make a preliminary01:27:06
declaration of this class and this is also a01:27:10
logical crutch that we will later01:27:12
correct for everyone and suddenly there is one01:27:17
error left, there is not enough01:27:22
des because the pointer to I see will be01:27:26
dm7,01:27:28
everything01:27:30
remains a warning that this01:27:32
variable is not used because01:27:35
we transferred all the code to the corresponding01:27:37
function,01:27:38
so I remove it here, run this01:27:47
form it’s running, it means it’s redrawn01:27:50
correctly, the ball is being bounced, it means it’s01:27:53
working correctly, therefore the code transfer01:27:56
went correctly, but it remains to01:28:00
figure out the private section for this01:28:03
class, since there is no function exactly01:28:06
called by the platform object,01:28:07
then I can write about it here and01:28:10
see what’s really needed,01:28:12
what no platforms y paz we need and also01:28:20
expose and width these two parameters the01:28:26
platform expose and platforms white01:28:32
go to the public section f7 platforms01:28:38
y paz also goes to the public lecture01:28:44
in 701:28:47
red hole under the form on top of 12 I go to01:28:52
this function and also drop platforms both of01:28:55
these methods01:28:56
will be needed in the public section in 7,01:29:04
so this is not a cat form x01:29:11
public and that’s it, and we got01:29:18
one more class describing our01:29:20
platform, after which the class of our engine01:29:24
became quite small, although it01:29:27
still contains one more entity01:29:29
copies, its flavor of our level,01:29:32
before we take out the functionality of the framework, I01:29:36
would like to make another small improvement01:29:38
for the platform class if I click,01:29:41
for example, on this variable control01:29:44
shift f then I will find a place in the code where this01:29:49
variable is used and for example01:29:51
here we get the text of the01:29:54
platform type.01:29:55
platform expose turns out to be some01:29:58
tautology, and in this form01:30:01
it would read a little better than platforms.01:30:04
expose, respectively, with other names01:30:08
would also look a little better, so01:30:11
I’ll fix it and the topic on for this I01:30:14
put the cursor on the variable that01:30:16
I want to change, press control shift01:30:18
and a window appears that allows you to01:30:22
mass replace the01:30:24
text in the source code, here I indicate in this01:30:27
window what to change this line01:30:30
automatically came here from under the cursor01:30:32
and here I indicate what to change I01:30:35
will leave the same line and delete the excess, it01:30:39
is important that these two checkboxes01:30:43
are checked 1 means that Zhol01:30:46
studio should pay attention to the case of01:30:48
characters and not confuse capital01:30:50
letters with small letters of the author01:30:52
means that the line of platforms expose01:30:55
should be replaced only if it01:30:57
is found in its entirety if it is01:31:00
part of some other word here such01:31:02
lines will be skipped01:31:04
when I press reprise01:31:07
visual studio says to be01:31:10
able to cancel this action all01:31:13
files in which it will be found and antifreeze01:31:15
will remain open for editing,01:31:18
you can then save or cancel the01:31:21
change in each file, well, I usually01:31:23
press the district01:31:25
visual studio made 12 replacements, the01:31:30
same with other elements Kondrashev h01:31:34
here I change it01:31:37
to a different name 4 replacements if I go to the01:31:46
class itself, then here we have more01:31:48
platforms y positions and from I can already change01:32:04
this variable01:32:16
and this constant01:32:21
and01:32:28
we compile everything, compiled,01:32:33
run everything works and that’s good,01:32:40
I suggest taking a break and now it’s your01:32:44
turn to take the essence of the platform out of the engine into a01:32:47
separate class, and now it remains to01:32:51
take out the functionality of the frame in a01:32:54
separate class01:32:55
we have two methods drop parterre and01:32:58
bounce fraction which relates01:33:00
specifically to drawing a frame 10 source01:33:04
pencils and brushes maybe something else that’s all it bring it01:33:06
I’m creating01:33:09
a lot of kvass here I’ll call it border I’ll leave01:33:16
the prefix kay01:33:17
and so on like the frame in our game there will01:33:20
always be one that supplies the prefix c and01:33:27
here we transfer these two constants,01:33:36
these two methods and four variables,01:33:44
well, it seems that everything remains to change the name of the01:33:47
braid of these methods, press f12 /01:33:53
border each bounds and take them from here and01:34:00
so on like our goat border is located in front of the01:34:04
engine class, you from 12 go to the01:34:08
first engine method, insert four01:34:10
lines and our methods01:34:20
just like that, all that remains is to fix everything,01:34:23
click compile, we get another01:34:28
bunch of errors, but we already know what to do with it01:34:31
global skill is a constant from01:34:34
ours engine and, in principle, everywhere in this01:34:43
code,01:34:47
even in this method, I will make a mass01:34:49
replacement, I select the code of this method,01:34:54
press control hash, insert the01:35:01
name of this constant here, and here is the correct01:35:06
name of the constant,01:35:07
so you have removed this text selection,01:35:09
select it again and press replace 2401:35:16
replacements01:35:18
compile01:35:22
this bgp this variable is from our01:35:26
engine and last time we eliminated this joke by01:35:30
adding a pointer01:35:32
to our engine as a parameter,01:35:33
press f12 at 12 and paste it here from01:35:41
Angie Angie and now I can use01:35:53
variables by Lepse pointers01:36:04
and go through the list of errors class engine does not01:36:08
have a member border x01:36:11
and that’s all because now this constant01:36:14
is in a class with a mess and this is a01:36:24
constant also for01:36:29
dealers the next error is compiling the01:36:43
drop border function expects more01:36:46
parameters yes here there is not enough pointer to the engine01:36:50
therefore you need to pass the01:36:52
pointer to the engine here as a parameter01:36:56
I’ll take this parameter here01:36:59
and add this01:37:05
bounce fraction to pass it01:37:09
here to the controller and we come to the conclusion01:37:20
that we should have a method for01:37:22
initializing our frame in which we will01:37:24
write these parameters,01:37:26
I’ll do it by analogy, but we don’t have01:37:34
such an object of01:37:35
such a member yet so there is no need to01:37:37
take the name of this class here and add01:37:41
another member, well, just like that, but the01:37:47
classes with border itself don’t have an initialization method,01:37:51
I’ll take it again by copy-paste, for example,01:37:54
from here that ball01:38:00
Indian is the first method of our burger and01:38:04
paste here01:38:05
what I copied and pasted This is an addition01:38:19
and now we transfer these 2 functions to this method,01:38:28
and since this method is a01:38:30
static method for the class with Hyun Jin,01:38:34
that is, the move, otherwise I need to put the01:38:39
class name 2 GB.01:38:42
We press compilation and there are01:38:46
very few errors / bounce The flock identification was01:38:50
not found because now this is a method of a01:38:55
class with border accessible through the01:38:59
border variable and this method01:39:03
also needs a pointer to the engine, and since we01:39:06
call this method in the engine method, that01:39:09
means a pointer to itself01:39:14
and so here border x offset is now a01:39:18
constant in01:39:19
the class with a burger and that means here we need to01:39:24
write this class, compile and01:39:31
compile, run it and it even01:39:34
works, the ball is reflected from the frame, well,01:39:38
this is generally great, so now we01:39:42
need to hide in a private section those01:39:44
methods and data that are not called01:39:46
outside I’m writing01:39:48
privacy, but to me you’re not exactly called01:39:51
from outside, but let’s see about these 6 and01:39:53
everyone has border i have set and01:40:00
players site we need from the outside too,01:40:02
namely from the cobol class method, so01:40:08
from here we collect them for everyone01:40:14
and the friend method bounce and v12 it should also01:40:21
be public, we compile, it compiled perfectly,01:40:26
and to be honest, I would change the01:40:29
name of this method a little, I could search for this01:40:34
name by code, this is how we call01:40:37
this code, but if we pay attention to the01:40:40
other calls,01:40:42
then we could change the other01:40:44
methods so that it looked uniform,01:40:47
that is, not / bounce, but just a fraction method,01:40:50
then there would be a bureau dr dr side by side,01:40:54
that is, this method I press control01:40:57
chic all the way and change01:41:01
fraction for fraction throughout the code,01:41:08
we compile it01:41:11
turned out fine and here are these01:41:14
methods from others01:41:15
I’ll also replace the droppod form classes with01:41:19
just a friend, what01:41:34
if she’s also just a friend01:41:41
and already at this stage we can notice01:41:45
that we have some01:41:48
uniform behavior emerging in our objects,01:41:51
namely the drone method which accepts the01:41:54
hdc01:41:55
paint aria parameter and the pointing engine and01:41:59
perhaps in in the future we will be able to combine01:42:02
these methods with common functionality, but01:42:05
for now this is not obvious and therefore we01:42:08
will not do this for now, and since we are changing01:42:13
the names of the function, I would also change this01:42:16
name because the border class has a /01:42:20
border method that does not draw a frame,01:42:22
draws a frame element and I’ll change this name to01:42:26
firewood border element or even simpler01:42:29
to fraction element01:42:43
before I didn’t make such a replacement01:42:45
because we didn’t operate on the01:42:48
board entity for which we now have a01:42:50
new class, but01:42:51
now that we’ve added a new name it’s01:42:54
quite normal if we correct it a little01:42:56
exactly the methods of this class,01:42:59
well, here we are and the A3 factory is a large and01:43:02
complex kvass from the engine complex because01:43:05
it contained several other01:43:07
entities and divided this class into 501:43:10
classes, here we have a list of entities01:43:15
that are used in this file, you01:43:16
can find them here the name of these01:43:20
classes and this class with the engine has become01:43:24
very small, all that it has01:43:27
is essentially objects of other types and01:43:29
some methods that ensure the01:43:32
operation of our game engine of01:43:34
code, we got quite a lot01:43:37
in one source file, we01:43:39
have a lot of essence there and this is it the same01:43:42
problem and we will solve this problem a little01:43:44
later, but for now I suggest taking01:43:47
another pause, try to complete the01:43:49
factory class of the engine and move the01:43:53
functionality of the framework into a separate class and01:43:55
compare with the result that01:43:57
I gotDescription:
Часть #15. Рефакторинг сложного класса. (Базовый курс программирования на С++) Самые лучшие бесплатные курсы по C++, Ассемблеру и Unreal Engine 5! Все части в плейлисте: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlheCABZdy3OZoIh9VwlYUbTSCWwDUee6 Оглавление курса на Википедии: https://ru.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%A1%2B%2B 00:00 - Рефакторинг сложного класса 01:42 - Форматирование ссылок и указателей 03:58 - Настройка выравнивания кода в Visual Studio 06:13 - Выносим сущность шарика в класс ABall 10:50 - Исправляем ошибки, разделяя сущности движка и шарика 29:15 - Указатель на себя this 33:44 - Переносим часть членов класса ABall в приватную секцию 35:53 - Popcorn_11.zip: пишем код 36:22 - Выносим сущность уровня в класс ALevel 55:07 - Рефакторим метод Init_Engine() 01:02:11 - Статический метод 01:05:21 - Popcorn_12.zip: пишем код 01:05:39 - Создаём функцию инициализации ABall::Init() 01:07:57 - Выносим сущность платформы в класс AsPlatform 01:29:33 - Рефакторим имена членов данных платформы 01:32:38 - Popcorn_13.zip: пишем код 01:32:50 - Выносим сущность рамки в класс AsBorder 01:40:26 - Рефакторим имена методов 01:43:00 - Подводим итог рефакторинга класса движка 01:43:46 - Popcorn_14.zip: пишем код Popcorn_11.zip https://drive.google.com/open?id=1eXtYryEBoauBjJXsL-tgI3G92smqqwzS Popcorn_12.zip https://drive.google.com/open?id=1txBSML3A1G6My_xdoqaYK6I7uEIBuAsF Popcorn_13.zip https://drive.google.com/open?id=1UfHvgeoV8hvOQfehlK0VU4mG56oMnWaV Popcorn_14.zip https://drive.google.com/open?id=17k7rLh-yEYs8HCAzkHAZSQOuS-iVRUfg
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