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Inductor

Inductance (Dimension)

Physics (Field Of Study)

00:00:04

An inductor is a coil of wire wrapped around a magnetic material.

00:00:11

Current flowing through the inductor creates a magnetic field,

00:00:15

and magnetic fields do not like to change.

00:00:21

As a result, an inductor is a device which tries to

00:00:24

prevent the current flowing through it from changing.

00:00:30

If the amount of current flowing through the inductor is constant,

00:00:34

the inductor will be happy, and it will not generate any forces

00:00:38

on the charged particles flowing through it.

00:00:45

In this case, the inductor behaves just like a normal wire.

00:00:55

On the other hand,

00:00:56

if we try to interrupt the current flowing through the inductor,

00:01:00

the inductor will generate a force, trying to keep the current flowing through it.

00:01:11

If an inductor is connected to itself, and there is no resistance in the circuit,

00:01:17

the current will theoretically continue circulating forever.

00:01:29

However, unless we are using superconductors,

00:01:32

all wires have some resistance to them,

00:01:38

and the current will eventually decay to zero.

00:01:59

The larger the resistance, the faster the current will decay.

00:02:09

But, the larger the inductance of the inductor, the slower the current will decay.

00:02:31

Once the current is at zero, the inductor will want to keep the current at zero,

00:02:37

due to the fact that an inductor tries to

00:02:39

prevent the current flowing through it from changing.

00:02:50

Therefore, when we connect this inductor to a circuit,

00:02:54

the inductor will initially create a force

00:02:56

trying to prevent the current through it from increasing.

00:03:12

But, the current will slowly increase.

00:03:20

The larger the inductance of the inductor,

00:03:23

the slower the increase in current will be.

00:03:32

After the current has stopped increasing and has reached a steady value,

00:03:36

the inductor will then again be happy, and not generate any forces.

00:03:45

But, when we try to turn off the current flowing through the inductor,

00:03:49

the inductor will then generate a force to try to

00:03:52

keep the current flowing through it at this new constant value.

00:04:07

If the inductor is then connected to a resistor,

00:04:10

the voltage across the resistor will be

00:04:13

the current multiplied by the resistor’s resistance.

00:04:34

The inductor prevents the current flowing through it

00:04:37

from changing instantaneously.

00:04:44

Therefore, the current flowing through the inductor immediately after

00:04:48

we flip the switch will be exactly equal to what the current was

00:04:53

before we flipped the switch,

00:04:55

regardless of what the value of the resistor is.

00:05:04

If the value of the resistor is extremely large,

00:05:08

then the current multiplied by the resistance will also be extremely large.

00:05:30

As a result, inductors can generate extremely high voltages,

00:05:34

at least for a brief period of time.

00:06:44

Since the current through an inductor can not change instantaneously,

00:06:49

when we try to disconnect an inductor from a circuit,

00:06:52

we always need to provide a path for the inductor’s current to flow.

00:07:04

If we do not provide a path, the inductor’s current will find its own path,

00:07:09

such as through the air, through the open switch,

00:07:12

or through other components that are not supposed to be conducting electricity.

00:07:21

This can create very large voltages, and cause considerable damage to the circuit.

00:07:44

The ability of an inductor to create large voltages

00:07:47

makes them very useful in the design of power supplies.

00:07:55

But, this ability also means that care must be taken

00:07:59

to ensure that we never try to switch off an inductor,

00:08:03

without providing a path for its current to flow in.

00:08:12

Much more detailed information about electric circuits

00:08:15

is available in the other videos on this channel,

00:08:18

and please subscribe for notifications when new videos are ready.

Description:

How inductors behave in a circuit, and how inductors can generate extremely high voltages by opposing changes to the flow of current. My Patreon Account: https://www.patreon.com/EugeneK

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