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инфоурок

школа

видеоуроки

7 класс

литература

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[music]

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Japanese haiku as a genre of traditional

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Japanese

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poetry hoku is a genre of traditional Japanese

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poetry, a small philosophical verse of

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three lines without rhyme, currently

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this genre of poetry is called haiku,

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in order to understand the features of hoku you need to

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get a little acquainted with its history, the

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emergence of hoku is closely related to

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other poetic form of Japanese

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poetry, tanka tanka, translated from

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Japanese, a short song consists

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of five lines. At first it was a

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simple short folk song.

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Over time, tanka stood out as a

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genre of poetry. Later, the tanka

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pentaline began to be clearly divided into two

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stanzas, a tercet and a

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couplet. It turned out that one poet

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composed first stanza second subsequent

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later in the 10th century chain verses appeared

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consisting of alternating three verses and

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couplets; this form was called

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renga literally strung stanzas the first

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tercet and began to be called hoku in

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translation from Japanese the initial stanza the

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initial stanza hoku was often the

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best stanza in the renga composition began

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to appear separate collections x haiku

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this form became a new popular

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variety of literary poetry of the 15th

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century in the 10th century haiku was firmly established in

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Japanese haiku poetry - this is the poetry of the

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common people of the so-called third

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estate, it was

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raised to unsurpassed artistic heights by the Great

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Poet of Japan Matsuo Basho, he is the

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creator of haiku poetry Bai's poems

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are now known by heart to every

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cultured Japanese; the modern name

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haiku was proposed already in the 19th century

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by the poet Masaoka Shiki; in classical haiku, the

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central place is occupied by the image of nature;

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in turn, it is necessarily

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connected in some way with the life of Man;

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another important feature is

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that the text must indicate

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the time of year; for this, so-

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called seasonal words are used; there are

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even standard seasonal words. So for

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example, if the author used the words

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plum flowers solo cobweb cherry and

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peach flowers lark butterfly digging fields with a

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hoe this indicates that the

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action takes place in the spring summer

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is indicated by the words shower Cuckoo

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planting rice seedlings blooming

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paulownia peony weeding rice heat

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cool midday rest of shelves from

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mosquitoes fireflies and other words

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indicate autumn words Moon stars dew

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Cicada cry harvesting holiday Bon Red

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maple leaves flowering shrub hagi

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chrysanthemums winter words are drizzling

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rain snow frosty ice cold warm clothes

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on cotton wool fireplace brazier end of the year haiku

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are written only in the present tense the author

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writes down his immediate

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impressions of what he has just seen or

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heard traditional haiku has no

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name and does not use the usual means of

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expression for Western poetry,

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such as rhyme, a skilled

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haiku author can describe a moment in three lines

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say a lot using only a

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few words and at the same time

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allow the reader's imagination to fly

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haiku read slowly trying to see

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the image feel the thought find what is

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hidden behind the words in haiku collections

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each poem is often printed on a

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separate page this also serves to allow

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the reader to thoughtfully

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rushing to feel the atmosphere of

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the poem in each verse a

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certain number of syllables five in the

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first seven in the second and five in the third a

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total of 17

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syllables some haiku over time began to

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exist as proverbs, for example, a

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poem by the poet Basho, the word I will say

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freezes the lips of an autumn whirlwind Like a

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proverb, it means that caution

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sometimes forces remain silent, but still,

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haiku differs sharply from a proverb in

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its genre characteristics; it is not an

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edifying saying; a short parable

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or a well-aimed wit; but a poetic picture; a

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sketch;

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the poet’s task is to infect the reader with

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lyrical excitement; to awaken his

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imagination; his feelings; to encourage

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the reader to think; hocus relatives to the

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art of painting; they were often written

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on the subjects of the paintings and, in turn,

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inspired the artists; it happened that they

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appeared in the form of an inscription on the painting;

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sometimes the poets resorted to methods of

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depiction akin to the art

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of painting, such as the tercet of the

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poet Buso, the colza flowers around in

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the west go out, the Sun goes out in the east, the Moon rises in the east,

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here are some more examples of haiku by

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famous authors on sits alone on a bare branch

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Autumn evening A light haze does not waver

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Sleep clouded my

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eyes I kept staring at them cherry blossoms

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until my neck cramped Since the

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1960s, the haiku genre has gained wide

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popularity in the West, especially in

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English-speaking countries, the famous

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translator of Japanese poetry Tatyana

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Lvovna Sokolova Lyusina spoke in

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Japanese tercets collected the whole essence of

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Japanese

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culture in the book of selected hoku the whole

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nature of Japan the original way of life its

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customs and beliefs the work and holidays of the

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Japanese people in their most characteristic

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living details That's why they love hoku, they

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know it by heart and are still composed to this

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day

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