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00:00:00
origins
00:00:03
[music]
00:00:15
Five elements of human civilization
00:00:29
human civilization is brilliant have
00:00:47
you ever wondered
00:00:49
what brought us here
00:00:53
[music]
00:01:06
civilizations fought wars with
00:01:10
and for metals
00:01:16
[music]
00:01:21
The Age of Discovery began when
00:01:23
Europeans crossed the Mediterranean Sea
00:01:26
thanks to a tiny piece of metal in the
00:01:29
compass
00:01:37
Europe and America colonized Asia
00:01:39
Africa because they knew how to build railways
00:01:54
in the 20th century, science explained the properties of
00:01:57
metal and engineers improved these properties of
00:02:06
metal God's gift to humanity
00:02:09
[music]
00:02:11
we are still living in the age of metals
00:02:14
episode 4 metal the object of desire of
00:02:18
humanity
00:02:20
[music]
00:02:51
metal melts
00:03:00
[music]
00:03:02
only the molten iron begins to glow
00:03:13
before the January full moon the poor people
00:03:16
who did not have money for fireworks
00:03:18
collected scrap metal
00:03:24
collected scrap metal they melted and
00:03:27
splashed onto the fortress wall
00:03:31
[music] molten
00:03:42
iron was reborn
00:03:44
turning into a Fire Flower
00:03:52
[music]
00:03:56
iron was the greatest gift to
00:03:58
humanity
00:04:01
but a lot of time passed before
00:04:04
people learned to use it for their own
00:04:07
benefit
00:04:08
[music]
00:04:20
[music]
00:04:22
London is one of the centers of our world,
00:04:28
long ago there lived those who saw
00:04:30
the formation of London long before
00:04:33
it became one of the most important cities in the world, we are
00:04:36
talking about the Romans
00:04:39
in forty in the third year of the new era, the Romans
00:04:42
strengthened themselves in London and ruled England
00:04:44
for 350 years,
00:04:52
they preached Christianity to the island barbarians,
00:04:56
taught them the Roman alphabet,
00:05:02
they paved 16 thousand kilometers of roads
00:05:05
and conquered almost all of the British Isles,
00:05:12
perhaps the history of England can
00:05:15
also be considered the history of Rome
00:05:21
in those days from Rome had the best army and
00:05:24
his plans were to cross the Mediterranean
00:05:26
Sea and conquer the Lands that we call
00:05:29
Great Britain
00:05:31
[music]
00:05:34
However, the war in Caledonia, which has now
00:05:36
become Scotland, dragged on for too long
00:05:38
[music]
00:05:42
cold, hunger and barbarians constantly
00:05:44
pursued Roman soldiers
00:05:51
further to the north. The Romans could not pass
00:06:03
the five thousandth The Roman army settled
00:06:05
here 2000 years ago
00:06:08
this fortress was the northernmost stronghold of the
00:06:11
Roman Empire
00:06:14
[music]
00:06:19
inchtuhil [
00:06:21
music] the
00:06:22
fortress built by General Agrippa
00:06:25
was once the size of 50 football
00:06:28
fields
00:06:32
in the twentieth century, 2000 years later,
00:06:35
archaeologists discovered what the
00:06:39
Roman soldiers brought with them
00:06:43
iron nails
00:06:46
excavations of the fortress and Einstuhi began in the
00:06:49
50s and 60s of the last century and during the
00:06:53
excavations they discovered a pit in which there were
00:06:55
about a million Roman nails
00:06:58
the pit was several meters deep So the
00:07:02
nails were Deep underground
00:07:05
among many nails The
00:07:07
same nine were discovered iron wheels, all this was
00:07:11
buried quite deep under two
00:07:14
meters of soil and gravel. Perhaps this is
00:07:18
the largest warehouse of nails
00:07:20
discovered during excavations in Britain,
00:07:25
why didn’t they take the nails when retreating? But there
00:07:28
were tons of them there; it was too hard to
00:07:31
take away the steel and iron; it looks like the Romans
00:07:35
hid it so that it could reach them the enemies did not reach them.
00:07:38
After all, if the enemies had found them, they would have
00:07:40
chained them in Swords and other weapons.
00:07:47
This place is located not far from the fortress.
00:07:54
In 1890, the
00:07:57
world's first steel bridge, Ford Bridge, was erected in Scotland.
00:08:04
Many consider it the worst architectural project in the world.
00:08:09
And yet the bridge created from 50 thousand tons of
00:08:12
steel became a monument to human
00:08:15
skill
00:08:21
what the Romans thought when they saw this
00:08:23
steel bridge.
00:08:28
Maybe they would think that the Barbarians found
00:08:31
their treasure buried 2000 years ago
00:08:34
[music]
00:08:40
in the Belgian Brussels there is one
00:08:42
unusual structure, an
00:08:45
atomium
00:08:48
structure 100 meters high
00:08:49
is an enlarged model
00:08:51
iron molecules are an
00:09:02
amazing fact
00:09:06
until the 20th century, people had no idea that
00:09:10
iron consists of similar structures.
00:09:14
And yet people learned about iron without
00:09:18
knowing about its internal structure.
00:09:23
Iron kept many secrets. And
00:09:27
yet, over time, we were able to reveal them.
00:09:34
One day, its metal arrived from outer space.
00:09:39
called black copper, this is
00:09:44
how the first meeting of
00:09:46
humanity and iron took place
00:09:49
[music]
00:09:52
According to historical chronicles, the first
00:09:55
type of iron that appeared in China was
00:09:57
meteorite Iron is meteorite
00:09:59
Iron was used not
00:10:01
only in China but also in Ancient
00:10:03
Egypt, it
00:10:04
should be noted that meteorite
00:10:06
iron heats up because meteorites
00:10:08
pass through the earth atmosphere, therefore,
00:10:10
it can be argued that the iron contained
00:10:13
in meteorites is no different from
00:10:16
purified iron,
00:10:21
but ordinary people could not own
00:10:23
meteorite iron,
00:10:27
only initiates could lay claim
00:10:30
to the metal that flew from the
00:10:45
sky. Pharaoh Tutankhamun was the legendary ruler of Egypt. Tutankhamun’s dagger was made from meteorite iron from real celestial metal
00:10:48
meteorite iron was an unknown
00:10:50
material, it
00:10:53
must have been that in time immemorial,
00:10:55
unbearable heat reigned in this land
00:11:01
[music]
00:11:04
but rains and winds eventually drove away the
00:11:07
heat
00:11:11
Anatolia, now part of Turkey,
00:11:13
was inhabited back in the new Stone Age [
00:11:21
music]
00:11:26
it was rich in fertile lands
00:11:32
its bowels were rich in various minerals
00:11:35
and ores media iron zinc
00:11:38
[music]
00:11:42
the wealth of its depths gave strength and
00:11:45
power to the people
00:11:49
Anatolia was the territory of wars and
00:11:52
battles
00:11:55
people with metal fought with
00:11:58
people without metal
00:12:02
[music] the
00:12:07
Hittites became the conquerors of Anatolia
00:12:12
initially They used bronze
00:12:18
bronze is much stronger than stone therefore,
00:12:20
arrowheads and axes were made from it.
00:12:25
However, the Hetas did not stop there.
00:12:28
They were the first to use iron,
00:12:36
thanks to iron, the Hittites ruled Anatoly
00:12:39
for about 500 years,
00:12:43
iron was their metal
00:12:48
[music]
00:12:53
in the lands of the Hetas, a cruel climate reigned
00:12:57
[music] The
00:12:59
north wind gave rise to a hot flame And
00:13:03
this the flame melted the world's first
00:13:05
iron ore,
00:13:10
thus a powerful empire was born, the
00:13:18
hits created the world's first chariot,
00:13:21
which had wheels with spokes
00:13:23
[music]
00:13:25
They went on a military campaign against
00:13:27
Egypt, which was located more than 1000 km
00:13:30
south of Anatolia,
00:13:35
they burned ceramics in the fire that melted
00:13:39
iron the ore of
00:13:44
this bull is more than three and a half thousand
00:13:46
years old and it is still intact
00:13:52
and This is not the only example
00:13:56
[music]
00:13:58
clay tablets of the Hets containing a set of
00:14:01
laws with dignity describe the
00:14:03
structure of the ancient state of
00:14:08
Egypt the Het peace treaty that
00:14:10
put an end to the long war with
00:14:12
Egypt is considered the world's first
00:14:14
interstate peace treaty agreement
00:14:17
[music] the
00:14:19
basis of all this prosperity was
00:14:22
iron
00:14:26
[music]
00:14:30
Khotus the capital of the Het Empire was a
00:14:33
large city where 12 thousand people lived
00:14:40
it was built a kilometer above
00:14:42
sea level as a fortress it was surrounded by
00:14:46
walls 6 km long the
00:14:53
Hed kings sat on an iron throne
00:14:55
In while other rulers
00:14:57
preferred thrones made of gold.
00:15:02
However, the Het Empire, which arose thanks to
00:15:04
iron, nevertheless fell into decay.
00:15:10
We do not know for certain who exactly was
00:15:13
to blame for this.
00:15:15
However, during the wars, numerous empires were born and died
00:15:22
[music]
00:15:25
Heta created a powerful state, clearly
00:15:28
proving that the one who armed with iron
00:15:31
can become the best
00:15:32
[music]
00:15:34
[applause]
00:15:37
the Kets are gone But their knowledge of iron
00:15:40
spread throughout the world thanks to
00:15:42
wars and trade
00:15:45
[music]
00:15:59
at the beginning of the 13th Century in the Indian
00:16:02
lands the Arabs ruled on the site of a
00:16:09
Hindu temple they built
00:16:12
a mosque
00:16:17
in the middle of the ancient temple is located a
00:16:19
remarkable pillar made of metal was
00:16:23
created by Hindus back in the fifth century,
00:16:25
several centuries before the appearance of the
00:16:28
Muslim mosque,
00:16:35
it is older than the stones from which the mosque was built.
00:16:37
And yet its metal is not touched by
00:16:40
rust, this is the
00:16:43
first work in the world made
00:16:45
using technology that
00:16:47
protects metal from rust,
00:16:51
these inscriptions praise achievements of the
00:16:54
monarchy However, the scars inflicted by the weapons of
00:16:57
cruel Islamic monarchs in the 18th century have
00:17:00
not disappeared anywhere.
00:17:05
And yet this iron pillar itself
00:17:08
suggests that in the fifth century AD
00:17:11
India had the best
00:17:12
iron processing technologies in the world; the
00:17:19
pillar does not become rusty and everyone
00:17:23
believes that this is a miracle,
00:17:25
what is actually worth considering
00:17:29
is the size of the pillar, this is
00:17:33
what it is made of, but it is not made of steel. And
00:17:38
it was forged from Damask steel. And now
00:17:42
imagine how complex an
00:17:45
object of this
00:17:47
size was:
00:17:54
Sinbad the Sailor, a fairy-tale character from the book One
00:17:58
Thousand and One Nights,
00:18:00
he was adventurer
00:18:05
[music]
00:18:08
usually all Adventures happened to him in the
00:18:10
Indian Ocean
00:18:13
starting from the seventh Century The Indian
00:18:15
Ocean was the most developed ocean on
00:18:18
Earth
00:18:20
its waters were plied by traders from Arabia
00:18:22
Oman Yemen and Byzantium
00:18:26
Sinbad became the collective image of a
00:18:28
merchant of that time
00:18:31
[music]
00:18:36
in those days India was the largest
00:18:38
supplier of the world's best Damascus steel,
00:18:47
metal experts from all over the world are ready to
00:18:49
talk about ulat for hours,
00:18:52
how the legendary Damascus steel was made,
00:18:57
in the course of numerous experiments we have
00:19:00
established that these furnaces are capable of
00:19:02
more and steel can be made in them, the
00:19:07
Indians have created
00:19:10
iron,
00:19:12
you can take the resulting steel and clean
00:19:16
it
00:19:18
you need to place it in a melting crucible, for
00:19:22
example,
00:19:25
it is made of clay, it
00:19:29
has a lid, it is quite long, I have fragments
00:19:34
in my hands, in fact, it should
00:19:37
be long and thin
00:19:40
and you need to place a piece of
00:19:44
iron from the furnace in it, you need other
00:19:48
ingredients, pieces of wood, leaves, scraps of
00:19:51
fabric, recipes were set The crucible
00:19:55
was closed with a lid, placed in another
00:19:57
oven, heated it again
00:20:01
and this time it
00:20:04
should have
00:20:06
completely melted
00:20:10
[applause] the
00:20:12
Muslim hero Saladin had a
00:20:15
famous sword
00:20:17
which he fought with the crusaders, the sword
00:20:20
even got the name Damascus blade,
00:20:24
it was durable and very sharp
00:20:26
and was decorated with a beautiful wavy
00:20:31
Damascus Blade ornament In fact, it was
00:20:33
made of Indian Damascus steel.
00:20:39
As for this sword, it is curious that
00:20:42
it is
00:20:43
not made of Damascus or Syrian steel. No,
00:20:48
it was made in India from Damascus steel.
00:20:53
Damascus steel has interesting
00:20:58
interlayers
00:21:00
that contain carbon and iron.
00:21:04
They create a wavy ornament on the
00:21:06
blade in this case, the ornament is not for
00:21:09
beauty, it gives the blade an extremely
00:21:12
important characteristic of strength, the
00:21:14
damask blade is sharp, incredibly sharp
00:21:17
and at the same time durable. Because in battle, the last thing you
00:21:20
expect is that your blade
00:21:22
will fly into pieces, but many swords
00:21:25
broke in battle,
00:21:50
believing many of my relatives and friends
00:21:53
think I'm a little crazy
00:21:59
Hi my name is Red Peterson I'm 34
00:22:02
years old I'm from Canada
00:22:06
I grew up in Winnipeg and Edmonton I've been
00:22:10
studying the science of knife making
00:22:13
and blacksmithing for four years under the guidance of a
00:22:17
master guo
00:22:20
he's a living national treasure of Taiwan
00:22:24
he's been making for over 50 years
00:22:28
Balls and knives
00:22:33
I understand that
00:22:36
when making balls for a living, he
00:22:39
uses human bones
00:22:44
and I was very intrigued by this.
00:22:49
I was wondering what mysticism is behind this
00:22:52
or is there some kind of scientific
00:22:55
justification that
00:23:08
he gets access to them only when the
00:23:10
state cleanses the graves,
00:23:13
naturally it is legal
00:23:24
He I am sure that the phosphorus contained in
00:23:27
the bones increases the strength of the ball. The
00:23:32
master gua is known for another reason;
00:23:37
he is one of the few masters who makes
00:23:39
swords in accordance with the ancient Chinese
00:23:42
tradition of creating swords. The
00:23:52
Chinese called the iron obtained
00:23:54
by smelting iron ore
00:23:56
galvanized if such iron
00:23:59
could be heated again. cast iron
00:24:01
pigs
00:24:04
galvanized iron was hard
00:24:06
but brittle and cast iron pigs were soft and easily
00:24:10
susceptible to external influences
00:24:15
galvanized iron was called cast
00:24:17
iron and pigs were called malleable iron by the
00:24:26
Chinese, wise people,
00:24:31
they combined hard cast iron and soft
00:24:33
pigs and got iron of a completely different
00:24:37
quality, this is
00:24:39
exactly how Bulat turned out.
00:24:50
Nowadays, metallurgists classify
00:24:52
galvanized iron iron and pig
00:24:55
iron, based on the carbon content in them,
00:24:59
the Chinese in ancient times did
00:25:02
not have enough scientific knowledge and they obtained
00:25:04
different types of alloys experimentally.
00:25:08
They created Bulat steel a thousand years earlier than
00:25:10
the Europeans
00:25:26
[music]
00:25:27
what is so remarkable about the
00:25:29
ancient Chinese sword from Bulat
00:25:34
they combined two alloys and got
00:25:37
what we know as Damask steel, a
00:25:43
possibly lost technology
00:25:45
for making steel is hidden behind the
00:25:47
wavy ornament of Damask steel Damascus
00:25:50
blade
00:25:52
[music]
00:25:55
ancient China was famous for the production of
00:25:58
high quality iron in lines in
00:26:01
his book Natural History wrote
00:26:02
that there are several
00:26:04
varieties of steel but that Chinese
00:26:07
steel was better other, unlike
00:26:10
China, neither Western nor East Asia
00:26:13
had the technology to
00:26:15
smelt iron ore and obtain
00:26:17
iron
00:26:18
[music]
00:26:22
they say that Asia is a culture created by the
00:26:25
sword.
00:26:27
However, the Asian sword is strikingly
00:26:30
different from the sword of the Western world; it does not stab, it does not
00:26:33
cut, it does not hit, but it shreds
00:26:38
[ music] a
00:26:47
good sword looks like bamboo dancing in
00:26:50
the wind
00:26:55
Japanese Samurai preferred exactly
00:26:57
such swords
00:27:08
in this place samurai swords are created in the
00:27:10
traditional way
00:27:15
the sound of the hammer remains the same but the approach to
00:27:18
making steel has changed
00:27:23
[music] the hot
00:27:25
iron is bent in half and they
00:27:28
begin to forge again
00:27:31
then it is filled with dirty water
00:27:40
[music]
00:27:43
another feature of the alloy is adding
00:27:46
straw
00:27:50
[music]
00:27:58
as a result of the repeated process of
00:28:01
bending forging, dirty water of steel
00:28:06
acquires better properties
00:28:08
[music]
00:28:16
for the manufacture of samurai swords,
00:28:20
two types of iron alloys were also used
00:28:23
since the materials had different
00:28:25
elasticity, the ball naturally
00:28:27
bent,
00:28:29
they came up with their own way making
00:28:32
steel they took
00:28:33
low carbon steel and made a core out of it
00:28:35
which, as a result of a complex
00:28:38
painstaking process, placed
00:28:41
high carbon steel
00:28:44
and they distinguished between different types of steel they
00:28:48
had no chemistry they did not have microscopes
00:28:50
but they did not listen and heard the difference between two
00:28:54
types of steel and it is amazing
00:29:00
what gave strength to Asian swords
00:29:05
because hardness does not mean strength
00:29:10
[music]
00:29:17
strength is hardness and at the same time softness
00:29:28
[music]
00:29:32
ceramics are hard and hard But if you
00:29:36
hit it on a stone it will fly into pieces the
00:29:39
plane should not be fragile the car
00:29:42
should not be fragile the sword should not to be
00:29:44
brittle, that is, it must have
00:29:46
the ability to flex, to be deformed,
00:29:49
this means to be strong, to
00:29:53
obtain a material that is both hard and durable,
00:29:56
that’s what the goal was
00:30:02
3000 years ago, the technology of
00:30:05
iron production, which first appeared in Hatus,
00:30:08
spread throughout the world, the
00:30:12
basic process of forging cooling smelting has
00:30:16
not changed much since then
00:30:21
But we changed
00:30:33
in medieval Europe, iron managed
00:30:36
to change the face of war,
00:30:40
armor appeared that
00:30:42
protected from blows of Swords and spears,
00:30:47
striking weapons were harsh, however, the
00:30:49
armor was elegant and beautiful
00:30:55
[music]
00:31:02
this helmet was made at the beginning of the 16th
00:31:05
Century by the Roman Emperor
00:31:08
and presented as a gift to King
00:31:10
Henry the Eighth of England
00:31:12
iron became more and more refined,
00:31:16
before only a piece of black ore, now it
00:31:19
has turned into a mask for a person, the
00:31:28
Greenwich Royal Observatory in
00:31:30
London is the place where world time begins, this is
00:31:37
where the Prime Meridian passes,
00:31:44
all cities of the world are divided into Western and
00:31:46
Eastern depending on which
00:31:49
side of the Prime Meridian they are not on
00:31:54
and here the question may arise:
00:31:58
Why is this imaginary line needed at all? The
00:32:08
fact is that the world has adopted a Unified
00:32:10
system of time reference:
00:32:16
if we cross the Prime Meridian from right
00:32:18
to left, then in one step we will overcome the
00:32:21
whole day;
00:32:27
the answer to the question lies in this building
00:32:32
[music]
00:32:35
here it is, an elegant device assembled from
00:32:38
tiny parts
00:32:40
it is called a chronometer
00:32:42
It weighs one and a half kilograms its diameter is
00:32:46
12 cm
00:32:49
[music]
00:32:55
chronometer This is a real
00:32:58
Time Keeper it was used for sea
00:33:00
navigation during Long Voyages
00:33:04
this small but accurate device changed the
00:33:07
history of travel around the world
00:33:17
the chronometer was invented in 1759 by an
00:33:21
English inventor called
00:33:23
John Harrison
00:33:25
his work lasted 30 years
00:33:33
John Harrison invented a device that
00:33:36
worked thanks to a very important detail of a
00:33:42
thin long spring hidden under an
00:33:45
iron plate.
00:33:55
Yes, iron is present here
00:34:03
until the 17th century. Two ships out of 10 that
00:34:06
left European ports did not
00:34:08
return,
00:34:11
many ships were wrecked in
00:34:13
unknown places.
00:34:15
compasses indicating the direction were
00:34:17
not enough to determine the exact
00:34:20
position in the ocean.
00:34:25
First, we are in the era of great discoveries. The
00:34:28
world map began to increasingly resemble
00:34:30
modern geographical maps. The
00:34:33
most important task was to determine one’s
00:34:35
exact location
00:34:39
and this task had to be urgently solved.
00:34:45
An agreement was required to unify the
00:34:47
time of our planet. The
00:34:50
circumference of the Earth is 360. degrees was
00:34:54
divided into 24 hours
00:34:57
on the Equator 1 hour meant a distance of
00:34:59
about
00:35:00
1600 km
00:35:03
if the clock was slow or running away by only
00:35:06
10 minutes this meant an error of 250
00:35:09
km
00:35:11
the life of the entire team depended on one
00:35:13
instrument,
00:35:24
such were the chronometers that were
00:35:25
originally invented by John Harrison
00:35:32
on a test voyage from England to
00:35:35
Jamaica, the chronometer showed a five-second
00:35:38
error.
00:35:41
It was the best of the instruments for sea
00:35:43
travel; the correct
00:35:46
time meant the correct
00:35:48
distance and the correct location; the
00:35:55
Europeans managed to successfully correlate
00:35:57
space and time, and iron helped them in this; the
00:36:05
Europeans learned to simultaneously
00:36:07
measure time and distance after 400
00:36:10
years of using the compass; Great
00:36:18
Britain Homeland John Harrison
00:36:21
who invented the chronometer became the
00:36:24
reference point for world time
00:36:39
and what happened in Asia
00:36:44
[music]
00:36:49
this is a sundial built in India in
00:36:53
1728 by the king of Jeipur. The
00:36:59
27-meter sundial Samrat Yantra
00:37:02
was built using the latest
00:37:04
knowledge in astronomy at that time
00:37:08
[music ] the
00:37:12
shadow of the Central Tower plays the role of a
00:37:15
clock hand
00:37:16
[music]
00:37:23
there are clear notches on the marble slabs resembling wings
00:37:26
[music] A
00:37:33
step of 6 cm is equal to 1 minute, that is, on a
00:37:37
sunny day you can determine the time with an
00:37:39
accuracy of 2 seconds
00:37:40
[music]
00:37:43
just by looking at the shadow the
00:37:48
world's largest sundial, the Samrat
00:37:51
Yantra, was huge but accurate
00:37:53
[music]
00:37:56
unlike British chronometers, it
00:38:00
would be difficult to take an Indian sundial on a trip.
00:38:05
Moreover, it determined the time only for
00:38:08
jaipur
00:38:10
[music] the
00:38:16
giant sundial in Asia
00:38:18
counted its seconds shadow
00:38:24
and at that time the compact British
00:38:27
chronometer plied the seas and oceans
00:38:30
[music] Yes,
00:38:32
salaries increased, but the Industrial
00:38:35
Revolution
00:38:36
its beginning was influenced by a variety of
00:38:39
prerequisites, including useful
00:38:41
knowledge obtained as a result of the Scientific
00:38:44
Revolution, as well as
00:38:45
insights,
00:38:47
and this knowledge was
00:38:51
one of the true reasons
00:38:55
Industrial Revolution
00:38:57
Along
00:38:59
with historical events that gave
00:39:03
the British invaluable experience, the invention of
00:39:06
instruments and other scientific instruments
00:39:10
[music] a
00:39:18
body 1 meter eighty
00:39:20
centimeters long
00:39:22
wheels a wheel reinforced with iron
00:39:24
[music] a
00:39:27
long nondescript pipe in front of
00:39:32
you is the world-famous
00:39:35
steam rocket The locomotive that
00:39:37
led the world to the Industrial Revolution is a steam
00:39:45
locomotive generated more fire,
00:39:49
more pressure,
00:39:51
that is, it produced more work, the steam
00:39:56
locomotive paved the way for humanity into the
00:39:58
modern world.
00:40:02
However, the rocket was not the very first steam
00:40:04
locomotive in the world, the
00:40:09
Briton Richard Ravitic built the
00:40:12
world's first steam locomotive in 1804,
00:40:18
initially the rail tracks
00:40:20
were intended for carriages and not for
00:40:22
trains, the
00:40:24
Strevettik steam locomotive stopped on these rails
00:40:29
his business flourished, but the name of the tearaway
00:40:33
was forgotten
00:40:35
Why did this happen
00:40:39
[music] It’s
00:40:41
all about the railroad, the
00:40:45
rail tracks could not withstand the weight of the Trevetik
00:40:47
locomotive and quickly broke down
00:40:54
Stevenson was already lucky, the technology of
00:40:57
railway construction was
00:40:58
rapidly improving, the
00:41:01
rails and wheels were improved
00:41:04
and transportation became the fastest And a
00:41:06
relatively safe
00:41:08
means of transport in the entire history of mankind,
00:41:13
he was not an inventor, he
00:41:16
improved the steam locomotive, but he did not
00:41:19
invent it, the
00:41:22
railways, the steam engine,
00:41:26
many people participated in their creation, but
00:41:29
he managed to put all the elements together and
00:41:32
thanks to his work,
00:41:34
Manchester turned into a world center for the
00:41:38
production of
00:41:39
cotton products
00:41:41
[music] the
00:41:45
railway network entangled Britain in the
00:41:49
30s of the 19th century, the total length of the
00:41:52
railways was only a few
00:41:53
kilometers, but in just 20 years it
00:41:56
grew. Up to 37 thousand kilometers,
00:42:00
railways were the secret engine of the
00:42:03
Industrial Revolution,
00:42:06
cotton and factories, coal and
00:42:10
railway colonies led to new wealth
00:42:12
and values
00:42:16
the ability to connect This is the true
00:42:20
power of iron
00:42:24
building a railway was
00:42:26
one of the ways
00:42:28
to make India a British colony and
00:42:32
achieve its complete subjugation you can
00:42:35
transport people you can transport ideas
00:42:37
transport guns goods quickly
00:42:40
transport troops from one place to
00:42:43
another India is big strange to take its
00:42:46
control required a developed
00:42:48
infrastructure. As a similar
00:42:50
example, I would cite how the United States
00:42:52
used
00:42:55
railroads to establish its
00:42:58
power in Mexico in the
00:43:00
60s 70s 80s of the 19th century.
00:43:16
Iron has a dark past,
00:43:23
it served civilizations and was a weapon of
00:43:26
war
00:43:30
[music ]
00:43:35
sometimes iron was called a disgusting
00:43:39
metal
00:43:43
but we still live in the age of iron
00:43:50
the biggest plus of iron
00:43:56
I think that iron is great because
00:44:00
iron ore can be found
00:44:04
anywhere in the world
00:44:06
the places where there is no iron ore can be
00:44:10
counted on one hand So it is very
00:44:12
universal very democratic
00:44:17
italite metal iron is available from it, you can
00:44:20
make anything you want, you
00:44:22
can assume that cheapness
00:44:25
means low quality, but this is not so, it is an
00:44:27
excellent material and
00:44:30
accessible to all of us,
00:44:32
even if we had as much
00:44:35
gold as iron, we would still
00:44:38
make a lot of things iron and for instruments
00:44:41
and transport it is better suited gold
00:44:45
[music]
00:44:50
iron is an invaluable companion that
00:44:54
unites us,
00:44:57
helps us move forward,
00:45:00
we still live in the Iron Age
00:45:06
[music]
00:45:25
voiced by order of the village with Media in 2021
00:45:35
[music] [
00:45:47
music]
00:45:59
[music]

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