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Channel: Top Five

атомная электростанция

реактор

ядро

стержень

интересно

аэс

наука

технологии

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[music]

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Welcome to

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hnews.ru in June

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1954, 100 km from Moscow, in the city of

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Obninsk, Kaluga Region, the world's

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first nuclear

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power plant, built on the initiative of the

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Soviet physicist Igor Vasilievich

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Kurchatov, was put into operation. Since then,

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more than 190 nuclear power plants have been built on the planet. with

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449 units that provide about

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16% of the world's electricity, but how

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does a nuclear power plant work?

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In today's

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issue, the basis of the operation of any nuclear

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power plant is a powerful reaction

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that occurs during the fission of the nucleus of an atom.

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In this process,

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uranium 235 or plutonium atoms are most often involved.

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with the formation of neutrons, which,

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falling into other nuclei, also cause their

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fission, thus a nuclear chain

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reaction occurs, in this case, the ratio of the number of

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neutrons formed to the number of

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neutrons at the previous fission step

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is called the neutron multiplication factor,

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if it is less than unity, the reaction

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decays, if it is equal to unity, a

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self-sustaining nuclear chain

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reaction occurs And when a coefficient greater than

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unity accelerates the reaction

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up to a nuclear explosion in nuclear

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reactors a controlled

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chain reaction with a coefficient at the level of

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unity is supported in addition to uranium fuel

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rods in the core of the reactor there are also

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control rods made of

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neutron-absorbing material such

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as cadmium or boron which are necessary

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to control or stop the reaction but

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how does a nuclear power plant generate

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electricity? The fact is that during the

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foam reaction, a

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large amount of energy is released in the form of heat,

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which heats the water.

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and having given off part of the heat to the water of the second

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circuit, it again enters the active zone,

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since the pressure of the second circuit is lower, the

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water in the steam generator boils, forming

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steam with a temperature of

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274°, it is fed to the turbine and rotates it

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together with the generator, generating

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electricity, the spent steam enters the

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condenser, where it is

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condensed using cold water

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from the water cooler or cooling tower and

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returns to the steam generator with the help of

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pumps. Such a complex two-circuit

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system is designed to protect the

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plant equipment and the

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environment from the ingress of radioactive particles

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from the first circuit, the appearance of which

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is possible due to corrosion of the equipment and

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depressurization

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around the nuclear plant. a

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1-kilometer observation zone in which

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constant monitoring of the

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radiation situation is also carried out a

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sanitary protection zone with a radius of 3 km in

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which human habitation is prohibited and

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agricultural

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activity is limited, the efficiency coefficient of

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nuclear power plants

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is

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40-45%, the leaders in the use of nuclear

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energy are the USA, France, Japan,

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Russia and the South Korea, according to

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the studies of the World Nuclear

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Association, nuclear power plants are significantly safer than

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ordinary thermal power plants, the

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number of victims when producing 1

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gigawatt of electricity at a nuclear power

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plant is 43 times less than at a

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traditional thermal power plant, however, the tragedies at the

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Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 and at the Japanese

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Focusima 1 in 2011 made the

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governments of the countries think about

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partial and even complete rejection of

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nuclear

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energy in the next issue we

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will talk about how a

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weather station works Why is a pluviograph needed and

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how many times a day do meteorologists take

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data from the devices subscribe to the channel

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so as not to miss new episodes of the project

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How it

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[music]

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works

Description:

В сегодняшнем выпуске научно-познавательной программы "Как это работает?" мы поговорим об атомной электростанции: делении ядер, топливных стержнях, работе реактора и многом другом. Приятного просмотра! Композиция "Fat Caps" принадлежит исполнителю Audionautix. Лицензия: Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Исполнитель: https://audionautix.com/ ⇩⇩⇩⇩ Подписаться: https://www.youtube.com/user/hinewsru?sub_confirmation=1 Наш сайт: https://hi-news.ru/ Наше приложение для iOS: https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/hi-news-ru-novosti-vysokih/id650891557 Наше приложение для Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ru.hinews Мы в Твиттер: https://twitter.com/hi_news_ru Мы в ВКонтакте: http://vk.com/hi_news

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