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00:00:02

civilizations were primitive and very

00:00:03

far advanced in technology,

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using exclusively outdated

00:00:08

inventions today, but this is a

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deep misconception; in fact,

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many modern technologies were

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created by ancient people, vending

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machines, automatically opening

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doors, the first robots and much more were

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invented by ancient peoples our ancestors

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created technologies that were 1,000 years

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ahead of their time, they built

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monuments, our grandiose projects,

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amazing warships no

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worse than modern aircraft carriers, they had

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mechanics that could put new technologies to shame, the

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ancient people were far from

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primitive Many of their discoveries and

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inventions are still relevant and we are

00:00:45

them we use Today I will tell you

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about the most amazing things created by

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our very distant ancestors 2,000 years

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ago,

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let's start with a grandiose court 2,200 years

00:00:58

ago the Egyptian round Ptolemy 4

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built an incredibly huge

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warship that is related to

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modern aircraft carriers, just the

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appearance of the ship, given its size,

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could bring an enemy horrifying 130 meters

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long 18 wide height was the size of a

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six-story building 22 meters Imagine

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what would happen if you used a ship

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the size of a football field in ancient

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times the deterrent factor would be

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unimaginable this ship was called

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tessera contera from ancient Greek

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forty-row probability due to the number of

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rowers in each the oar compartment of this

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ship holds a number of records; it

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accommodated the most soldiers; it was

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the largest catamaran and also the

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largest oared ship in history.

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The crew included more than 4,000 mushrooms and 400

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sailors; the deck housed infantry in the

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amount of

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2,850 soldiers; the tessera contera was a miracle of

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technology; the 40-row boat is an incredible

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achievement engineering, including an

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outstanding example of ancient

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shipbuilding, the role of this ship

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was to demonstrate the power and

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wealth of Egypt as well as the military

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potential of its Army and Navy, but how

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the Egyptians set in motion such a

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giant weighing almost 4 thousand tons,

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historians argue a lot about

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how such a huge number the rowers on

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board could work harmoniously according to one

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of the versions. The oars were of different lengths and

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placed at different angles. If

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the ship could really be

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propelled by such a huge manpower, then

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it was one of the most formidable weapons of the

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Ancient world, but imagine what it was like for the

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oarsmen, 4,000 people were squeezed in

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tight compartments it was hard labor

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that was both physically and mentally exhausting.

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Historians were convinced that the tessera

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contera was exclusively a transport

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ship and served only to transport

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troops. However, new evidence suggests

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that it may have performed a

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more lethal function, namely, it could be

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used as an offensive weapon

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on the ship there were 7 massive

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bars with metal tips

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that acted as rams of

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incredible power; many harbors were

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protected by chains and if the rams

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were located at different heights, this was a

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very good way to break through the

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defense system and the harbor was unprotected,

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and imagine what it would be like with the force of 4000

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mushrooms hitting the ram directly into

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the enemy a ship of such power could destroy

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ships into pieces; also historians believe

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that on the deck of the ship there could be

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giant catapults that fired

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over long distances, but many

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researchers are convinced that this ship

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was created rather only for tailing,

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to show off to the people so that the

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enemies would be afraid and the people of Egypt

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would admire the greatness of their state

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many say that the

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ship was of little practical use because it

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was too labor-intensive to move it, be that as it

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may, this ship was a masterpiece of the

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Ancient World and a true example of

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how Engineering makes impossible

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things possible;

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such ships have never been built again. Would you like to

00:04:03

participate? in gladiator battles As in

00:04:06

ancient times, I’m afraid that the police will not

00:04:08

approve of this; fortunately, there is a legal

00:04:10

alternative; the brand new game Asteria;

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Try to repeat the labors of Hercules in

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one of the 12 Dungeons; duels and

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large-scale battles; subtle tactical

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battles;

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know that the fighting gophers have

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not yet been brought in. But you have a personal

00:04:32

squad of astel warriors, they will tear the enemy into

00:04:35

pieces on your order, if for some

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time now you do not like large crowds

00:04:39

of people, hurry up launches a new

00:04:42

server, be one of the first to rush in. In

00:04:45

addition, when registering, you will receive many

00:04:47

pleasant bonuses follow the

00:04:49

link in the description for free, experiment and

00:04:52

have fun

00:04:53

2000 years ago Caligula The craziest

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of the Roman emperors wished for

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the impossible, by order, they built two

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ships of such size, luxury

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technical equipment and unusual

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appearance that they easily outperform

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modern ships, how the frightened

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engineer Caligula managed to realize it

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crazy fantasies brought to life and create

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such skillful ships here on Lake

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Nemi, 30 km from Rome,

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two incredible largest ships

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among those preserved from ancient times were raised from the bottom, this

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was one of the greatest finds of

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antiquity, these incredible ships

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lay at the bottom for 2000 years only in the

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twenties years of the 20th century, the

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labor-intensive process of extracting debris

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from the bottom began, the work lasted 5 years to

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remove the ships, water from the lake was

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pumped into the surrounding valley, ancient ships the

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size of American

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football fields were perfectly preserved for them

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near the lake, a special

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huge museum was built for them. Caligula admired things

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Beyond the limits of the possible, these his two ships

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were Truly extraordinary the length of

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both ships was about 75 meters

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to 30 meters in width alone this is

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impressive not to mention the fact that the inside

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was full of unusual details that

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seemed impossible for ancient ships

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one of the boats was a

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huge structure decorated with

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marble with alabaster baths

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running water with hot and cold water, a

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mosaic floor heating system. It was a

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real floating palace. The second boat

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was a floating temple.

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The creation of such progressive ships

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showed the ability of the ancient Romans in

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building ships. Building a ship

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usually begins with the skeleton, but the Romans

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somehow began construction

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right from the hull, they held together huge

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details using the socket and tenon method are now

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such jewelry technologies are not

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used this technology disappeared

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with the fall of Rome allowed the creation of

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precise and independent designs it

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was proof of Roman power

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Caligula boats were somewhat reminiscent of Disneyland they

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were built to amaze their design should have

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said that they were created by the Lord of

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the World Ligula Not only did he build

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incredible ships, he used them

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for the cult of his own

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divinity in his floating temple, the emperor

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could demand anything from the

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terrified guests, unfortunately this

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greatest archaeological discovery

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disappeared overnight in 1944 during the

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Second World War, the museum in which the

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ships were located was burned

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nevertheless, the fact remains that Emperor

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Caligula created the greatest ships of

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antiquity; they were distinguished not only by their

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size and luxury, but also by amazing

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technologies and could easily be compared

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with modern ships; all this proves

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that even in the ancient world nothing was

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impossible and the following story

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clearly shows this 2000 years ago ago the army of

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Rome was faced with a task

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that seemed impossible to complete; they needed to

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capture an impregnable high

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fortress that was located right on a

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mountain in the Judean desert at that time the

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Roman Empire was the largest in the

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world; nothing could resist the

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power of Rome until one day they

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stood in their way the fortress of Masada, located on a mountain in

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Israel, the fortress was

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under the control of Jewish rebels of about a

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thousand people. They thought that they could

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repel the onslaught of the Scrimlens.

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About 10 thousand Roman soldiers were sent to Masada. At

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first they tried to take the fortress in a

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long siege, surrounding the mountain with a wall. But

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after some time they realized that the

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besieged had huge reserves. food and water

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The Romans realized that the fortress would have to be

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taken by force Because it was

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difficult for them to deliver provisions for their

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army through the desert, the Romans had to

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go up, make a hole in the wall

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and storm, but how could they climb the

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mountain of the fortress there were narrow paths but the

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Soldiers could climb along them could the

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defenders one by one easily throw

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them down when it seemed that it was

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impossible to conquer this mountain The Romans did something

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that is hard to believe they began

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to build their own mountain Well, to be

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more precise, the embankment The Romans

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showed miracles of engineering on

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three sides the height of the plateau on which it

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is located 6 about 120 meters and only on the

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Western side the height is about

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70 meters there and it was decided to build an

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embankment; they were faced with a huge

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task. This is not easy even in our time

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when they use powerful equipment to transport earth stones.

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The Romans

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did everything by hand, at first they

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dug the earth armed with shovels and picks it

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was put into baskets that were carried

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on shoulders or transported on mules and

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carts; this is the same mound that the

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Romans made. More precisely, what

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was left of it; the builders of the mountain were under

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fire from the rebels but continued to build

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their mountain; the rebels underestimated the

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determination of the Romans who did not want to

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give in to either man or nature the length of the

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embankment was about 200 meters, the height was

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73 meters and the angle of inclination was 20 degrees. This is

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truly a miracle of engineering art.

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Every day the besieged saw how the embankment was

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getting higher and higher, they began

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to understand that this was their end after two

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months, at first the construction of the embankment was

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ready, now they could begin the assault

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to crush the walls of the fortress,

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another miracle of engineering was needed.

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The Romans built just such an

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armored tower, it was called

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elepolis. With the help of such towers, 2300 years

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ago the Greek city of Rhodas eleopolis was taken, a

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wonderful example of engineering

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skill, this is the largest siege tower

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of antiquity, its height is just over 40 m for

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moving the tower the well-coordinated

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work of thousands of people was required at the Fortress Wall,

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the tower turned into a formidable machine of

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death when such a machine of hell slowly

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approached the city, its mere appearance

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terrified the enemies the towers were built of

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wood so that they could not be set on fire,

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they were sheathed with iron sheets, as

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a result, most of the shells simply

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bounced off inside the tower there was a wall of

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bit guns and ballistas, the Romans

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began to storm hundreds of soldiers,

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they dragged the tower up, the besieged realized

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that they had nowhere to run, the situation

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was hopeless, and they stayed. The Romans made a

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hole in the wall, set fire to the

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inner wooden wall and burst

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into the fortress, ready for battle, but at the top

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no one helped them no

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resistance bursting into Massada, the

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Romans saw a terrible picture, all the

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rebels committed suicide,

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preferring death to slavery,

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only two women and five

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children remained alive. The Romans won, but the besieged

00:11:21

deprived them of triumph and the joy of Victory,

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nevertheless, this story shows that the

00:11:25

ancient Romans overcame all the

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obstacles facing them On the way,

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demonstrating outstanding skill, they

00:11:32

moved mountains and took impregnable

00:11:35

fortresses. The ancient Romans built much

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more impressive things than an embankment,

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for example, without this structure, Rome

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would never have become a powerful

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power; it resembles a bridge. But this is

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not it at all. Of all the achievements of Roman

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engineers, none is so insignificant. changed

00:11:51

life how This multi-kilometer

00:11:53

structure is called an aqueduct and

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serves to deliver water. They were the first to

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invent an aqueduct, but their construction

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reached a completely different level. When

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creating an aqueduct,

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many innovations were used for the Ancient world.

00:12:07

The main secret of the Roman construction of the new.

00:12:08

Revolutionary material, it is easy to

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mold and hardens. becomes

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hard like a Rock this is concrete concrete itself

00:12:16

appeared even before Rome But it was the Romans

00:12:19

who became truly high-quality

00:12:21

the main ingredient of Roman concrete was

00:12:23

volcanic Ash path salad it made

00:12:26

concrete incredibly strong Rome was surrounded by 50

00:12:29

volcanoes Therefore there were no problems with supplies

00:12:31

aqueducts were laid through the mountains

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and the riverbeds, the implementation of the project

00:12:35

required an extraordinary mind because

00:12:38

the Romans had to lay their

00:12:39

acriduci so that they would

00:12:41

lower as they approached the city. That is,

00:12:43

at an angle and it should have been

00:12:45

only a few centimeters for every 30

00:12:47

meters, if you take it steeper, the water will

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overflow if closer to

00:12:52

the horizontal, the aqueduct would dry up; an

00:12:54

accurate calculation was needed; the slope had to be

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observed at all costs,

00:12:58

regardless of the situation; for example, the Pondughar aqueduct,

00:13:01

with a length of about 50 kilometers,

00:13:03

manages to maintain the slope with a difference

00:13:06

in height at both ends of only 15

00:13:08

meters. This is an example of the perfection of Roman

00:13:11

engineering art, the aqueduct is powered

00:13:13

by gravity. However,

00:13:15

the Romans not only used

00:13:17

Gravity, but sometimes also overcame it. In the

00:13:20

presence of uneven terrain, they

00:13:22

had to direct the water upward and they

00:13:24

solved this problem. Although it would seem

00:13:27

impossible, but the Romans found an

00:13:28

ingenious engineering solution. They

00:13:31

used a curved pipe, the so-

00:13:33

called back siphon filling the pipe the

00:13:35

water is leveled if one end of the

00:13:37

curved pipe below the water

00:13:39

pours out of it using this trick

00:13:41

water can flow upward on this model

00:13:44

you can see how it worked so that water

00:13:46

flowed in a constant stream from high mountains

00:13:48

Roman engineers dug inclined tunnels into them

00:13:51

when the pipes reached

00:13:52

the lowlands they had to be raised with

00:13:54

the help of stone walls if they were higher than

00:13:57

two meters from the ground the Romans saved

00:13:59

separate material without reducing the

00:14:01

strength they improved the ancient

00:14:03

invention of the arch the arch made

00:14:05

a revolution in ancient architecture allowing them to

00:14:08

build on a scale that had never been dreamed of before

00:14:10

arches were built around temporary

00:14:12

wooden frame that held the

00:14:14

stones in place until the

00:14:17

Keystone held the structure together it

00:14:19

evenly distributed the weight allowing

00:14:21

several more rows of blocks to be laid on top

00:14:23

the arches became a step forward

00:14:25

compared to a conventional wall in

00:14:27

terms of efficiency and strength.

00:14:29

Naturally, to build an arch

00:14:31

it requires less materials, but they are

00:14:33

stable so that you aqueducts were not placed on them; they

00:14:35

were covered with a roof. But if you

00:14:38

remove it, you can see the flow of water; the current

00:14:40

city used to deliver water to the capital;

00:14:42

Roman engineers laid a

00:14:44

72 km long aqueduct in the countryside; this is

00:14:47

far from a record; some Roman

00:14:49

aqueducts reached more than a hundred

00:14:51

kilometers; the whole of Rome was dotted with such

00:14:53

water arteries, many Roman

00:14:55

aqueducts turned out to be so strong and

00:14:58

durable that some were

00:14:59

used for as long as one and a half thousand years

00:15:01

until the New Age, this is what the Viduk

00:15:04

was called aquaclaudia, by modern

00:15:06

standards the cost of its creation would have been

00:15:08

more than 8 billion dollars

00:15:10

construction lasted 14 years,

00:15:13

400 thousand stone blocks were used

00:15:15

170 thousand cubic meters of concrete through Roman

00:15:19

aqueducts a million

00:15:21

cubic meters of water flowed per day there was enough for 1300

00:15:24

fountains 900 baths and 144 public

00:15:27

toilets fresh fresh water is necessary

00:15:29

for health hygiene for enterprises for

00:15:32

farms without it They

00:15:34

would never have become such a powerful power

00:15:36

water transportation has become one of the

00:15:38

greatest achievements, the city with an established

00:15:41

water supply very quickly began to

00:15:43

flourish, simply brilliant technology, the

00:15:46

total length of the aqueducts built by

00:15:48

the Romans was about 10 thousand kilometers, in the

00:15:51

end there were

00:15:52

so many aqueducts and the water they delivered that the water

00:15:55

was sent not only to the gardens and villas

00:15:57

of the rich or to the imperial palaces and to the

00:15:59

houses of ordinary people Romans by the second century

00:16:01

Almost every house in Rome had running water

00:16:04

and this ancient times What is surprising is that

00:16:06

even a thousand years later in the

00:16:08

Middle Ages this was not the case. The aqueducts of

00:16:10

Rome were the most ambitious project

00:16:12

conceived 2000 years ago, people

00:16:15

coming to Rome for the first time even before reaching the city,

00:16:17

seeing such a structure they were in awe,

00:16:19

the power of Rome was promoted,

00:16:22

aqueducts led to the emergence of a

00:16:24

new urban culture with a constant

00:16:26

source of water, a million inhabitants of Rome

00:16:28

could live in comfort and in cleanliness. The

00:16:29

Romans were much cleaner than other

00:16:32

peoples, including because of this they considered

00:16:34

themselves different from everyone else at the time.

00:16:37

there was so much water that a

00:16:39

million people could live in this city; it was the

00:16:41

most advanced city in the world. If you were

00:16:45

sent today to Ancient Rome 2000

00:16:47

years ago, you would easily confuse it with a

00:16:50

modern metropolis. Because before

00:16:52

your eyes would appear a

00:16:53

million-plus city in which there were

00:16:55

apartment buildings with a height of 6 floors

00:16:58

that could accommodate up to 80 residents.

00:17:02

50 tons of waste were discharged through sewers under the roads per day. There were

00:17:05

theaters, amphitheaters, 30 libraries, taverns,

00:17:08

snack bars, there were even

00:17:10

fast food establishments, hairdressers,

00:17:12

sports complexes, schools, hippodromes, gardens,

00:17:14

parks, forums, markets, stadiums, temples,

00:17:18

luxurious baths. more precisely, the thermal baths in which,

00:17:21

in addition to bathing and swimming in the pool, you

00:17:22

could get hair removal and massage services. The

00:17:25

city was dotted with roads. The houses had

00:17:27

running water in rich houses, even hot

00:17:30

water was available; police and fire protection.

00:17:32

Postal service Rome became the world's first

00:17:35

metropolis; today, more than half of

00:17:37

us live in cities. and all these cities

00:17:39

were created in the image and likeness of Ancient

00:17:41

Rome. But if the listed technical

00:17:44

achievements of antiquity do not impress you,

00:17:45

then the following will make you truly

00:17:48

admire the ancient world. We were taught that

00:17:50

factories and factories appeared in the era of the

00:17:52

Industrial Revolution, that before that there were

00:17:54

only handicrafts, in fact,

00:17:57

nothing so these strange ones are located in the

00:18:00

south of France in Barbegal near

00:18:03

Arles, this is a Roman aqueduct unlike

00:18:05

any other. The fact is that the water from

00:18:07

this aqueduct was used for special

00:18:09

purposes, there were 16 mills that

00:18:12

worked from the water supplied by the aqueduct,

00:18:14

huge water-lifting wheels analogues of

00:18:17

this production with hydroelectric

00:18:19

systems can only be found today

00:18:21

It was a colossal project The Romans

00:18:24

built the entire hillside with mills a

00:18:26

grandiose production many

00:18:28

technical difficulties but they

00:18:30

succeeded the water-lifting wheel was invented by the

00:18:33

ancient Greeks but the ancient Romans in

00:18:35

barbegli created something unprecedented

00:18:37

super factory of the second century there

00:18:40

were no more like it although the water-lifting wheel

00:18:43

continued to be used until the advent of

00:18:44

steam engines, the huge factory in

00:18:47

Barbegali was much more advanced and

00:18:49

highly efficient than subsequent

00:18:51

projects with the water-lifting wheel, usually the

00:18:54

mill wheel was driven by

00:18:56

water entering it from below or

00:18:58

in the middle, water flowed from above, which

00:19:01

greatly increased the efficiency of the

00:19:03

wheel the water was taken tens of

00:19:04

kilometers from the mills, carried through a

00:19:07

tunnel in the mountain and then

00:19:09

sent through an aqueduct to 16 wheels along the slope

00:19:11

it was a grandiose production.

00:19:13

Four and a

00:19:15

half tons of flour were produced here every day. Scientists learned a lot about the

00:19:18

barbegal mills only

00:19:20

in recent decades. I

00:19:23

couldn’t imagine that such a large

00:19:25

Industrial complex could exist in the

00:19:26

ancient world; in fact, this is an industrial

00:19:29

revolution 16 centuries before the real

00:19:31

Industrial Revolution; the present

00:19:34

ancient Roman factory built 2000

00:19:36

years ago; it’s not for nothing that it is called the

00:19:38

largest mechanized

00:19:40

production of the Ancient world. But in

00:19:42

fact, plants and factories with the conveyor belt

00:19:44

appeared a thousand years before these miles

00:19:47

among the ancient Egyptians 3200 years ago, Egypt

00:19:51

urgently needed a huge number of

00:19:52

chariots for the upcoming battle of

00:19:55

Kadesh with the army of the Hittite kingdom of

00:19:57

the greatest in history using

00:20:00

chariots, the chariots of the ancient Egyptians were

00:20:03

formidable machines on the battlefield, they had to be

00:20:05

produced in large quantities and

00:20:07

Pharaoh Ramses the second built a factory in the

00:20:10

Nile Delta that produced these same

00:20:12

chariots. It was like a modern

00:20:14

factory for the production of tanks. The chariots were

00:20:16

assembled on an assembly line. They say that

00:20:18

Henry Ford created an assembly line in the 20th century, but

00:20:21

no, 3000 years ago the Egyptians did the

00:20:24

same thing with this. the conveyor belt produced

00:20:26

chariot after chariot at the tank

00:20:28

factory, all the parts are assembled together,

00:20:30

each was developed by a group of specialists, the

00:20:32

same thing happened at the factory of the

00:20:34

ancient Egyptians, everything was assembled and the fighting

00:20:37

vehicle was ready, Ramses the Second

00:20:39

needed thousands of chariots, his name was

00:20:41

provided by him, the battle with the army of the

00:20:43

Hittite kingdom took place in the desert

00:20:45

on territory of modern Syria, on both

00:20:47

sides there are thousands of chariots. This is an

00:20:49

unprecedented number. I can’t even

00:20:52

believe that such production

00:20:53

existed as much as 3000 years ago, but they

00:20:56

existed. The conveyor itself as a mechanism

00:20:58

was present not in Ancient Egypt itself, but also in

00:21:00

ancient Mesopotamia, in Ancient China and

00:21:03

India, but let’s return to ancient Rome,

00:21:05

which created many grandiose

00:21:06

industrial facilities, one of the most

00:21:08

incredible of them was located here at the

00:21:11

mine of the Spanish river Rio Tinto, the Romans were

00:21:14

brought here by the search for copper and silver,

00:21:16

metals were mined here 5000 years

00:21:18

ago, but under the Romans the mine became the

00:21:20

largest mining enterprise

00:21:22

in the entire Ancient world and this mine

00:21:25

has A terrible secret that he kept for

00:21:27

2000 years. In 1919, a

00:21:31

huge wooden wheel was found here; it lay

00:21:34

deep underground. It turned out that the wheel was

00:21:36

almost 2000 years old, with the help of wheels

00:21:39

they raised water to the surface so that the mine did

00:21:41

not flood. Deep underground, someone

00:21:43

had to turn the wheel as a rule.

00:21:45

huge wheels were turned by the flow

00:21:48

of water, but at the Mines in Rio Tinto everything is

00:21:50

completely different. The wheels here

00:21:52

were turned by people so the

00:21:54

water rose to the surface so that the ore

00:21:56

could be worked by the miners. It was at least clever, but the

00:21:58

Roman mines went deep into the ground,

00:22:01

underground tunnels were dug by hand, and there were

00:22:04

8 pairs of wheels in them. and pushing grabs Circle

00:22:07

after circle the scope of the use of

00:22:09

water-lifting wheels in reutinto is amazing

00:22:11

for a modern engineer, this is something

00:22:13

amazing, but for the Ancient world it

00:22:15

seemed like something impossible, but the Romans

00:22:18

did it; perhaps the assembly of the wheels themselves

00:22:20

took place directly in the mine where the

00:22:22

parts for this were lowered in the Ancient

00:22:25

In Rome in the Rudniki there were many such wheels when the

00:22:27

slaves pushed them, the water overflowed from

00:22:29

one pair of wheels to another, in the

00:22:31

end it rose to a 30-meter

00:22:33

height and with the help of an Archimedes screw

00:22:35

came out. It was a real

00:22:37

underground hell, dark and hot, the slaves

00:22:41

were constantly in toxic water they had the

00:22:43

hardest work in the mine after a

00:22:46

year and a half they died due to

00:22:47

constant exposure to this toxic

00:22:50

environment; nevertheless, the wheels in the mine were an

00:22:52

amazing engineering achievement; the

00:22:54

ancient Chinese also surprised with their

00:22:56

industrial facilities. Once they

00:22:59

created automation that replaced 10 workers;

00:23:01

today's workshops use machine tools

00:23:04

24 hours a day creating products for

00:23:07

modern industry but Thousands of years

00:23:09

ago in the east, the Chinese had already created a

00:23:11

similar technology in southeast China,

00:23:14

archaeologists discovered a working copy of an

00:23:16

incredible tool that was 2000

00:23:19

years old, a hydraulic hammer, it used

00:23:22

water and gravity to help

00:23:24

agriculture, several were located in the drive

00:23:26

pins each time one of them

00:23:29

hit one of the swing arms and

00:23:31

it switched this is called a falling

00:23:34

hammer the hammer falls under the weight of the head

00:23:36

and forcefully hits the grain in

00:23:39

these bowls this happens constantly and

00:23:41

can work 24 hours a day very

00:23:43

efficiently each hammer produces 445

00:23:47

Newtons and a mechanism with eight hammers

00:23:49

produces 8 times more force per

00:23:52

revolution, one machine replaces 10 people

00:23:54

working 24 hours, a brilliant master

00:23:57

used an

00:23:58

Ice Wheel to constantly

00:24:00

activate the hammers, you might think that the

00:24:03

ancient Chinese were ahead of their time by many

00:24:04

centuries, but this is not so, the fact is that

00:24:07

first this the hammer was used to

00:24:08

grind flour. But soon it moved from

00:24:11

the fields and was switched from crushing grain

00:24:13

to casting metal in industrial

00:24:15

workshops, because the ancient Chinese

00:24:18

invention was ahead of its time not by hundreds

00:24:20

but by thousands of years, because over the years almost

00:24:22

nothing has changed, the only

00:24:25

difference is that Our electric

00:24:27

machines are controlled by a motor and not a water

00:24:29

wheel. All this once again proves that

00:24:31

many modern inventions were

00:24:33

created by ancient people. The hydraulic

00:24:36

hammer is not the only

00:24:38

amazing creation of the ancient Chinese

00:24:39

more than 2000 years ago. They created a

00:24:42

destructive weapon capable of

00:24:44

turning recruits into Ancient

00:24:46

machine gunners, they developed perhaps

00:24:48

the first in history rapid-fire weapons

00:24:50

automatic weapons are critically important

00:24:53

For any army, the more remote control you

00:24:55

manage to release, the more effective an

00:24:57

automatic weapon is to turn a newcomer

00:24:59

into a death machine, and the Chinese

00:25:02

had such weapons; this military technology

00:25:04

gave the commanders of antiquity simply

00:25:06

amazing opportunities; firepower plays an important role on the

00:25:08

battlefield; therefore

00:25:10

The Chinese invented the Choco repeating crossbow.

00:25:13

Well, the genius of this weapon

00:25:15

lies in its simplicity. It has only

00:25:18

four main parts: a wooden stock; a

00:25:20

bamboo arc; a wooden magazine and a

00:25:23

lever in this crossbow; the action of

00:25:24

tensioning the bowstring; placing the bolt and releasing the

00:25:27

bowstring is done with one movement of the hand;

00:25:29

by placing 8 bolts in the magazine, we get A

00:25:32

truly dangerous weapon that fires

00:25:34

one shot every one and a half

00:25:37

seconds, after the lever was pulled, the

00:25:39

bolts from the magazine rolled into the chute

00:25:41

under their own weight; this multi-shot,

00:25:43

rapid-fire and extremely effective

00:25:45

weapon made it important on the battlefield not for

00:25:48

training but for technology; a rapid-fire

00:25:50

crossbow could turn peasants

00:25:52

into soldiers in a day just like the

00:25:54

Kalashnikov assault rifle does today, this weapon

00:25:57

allowed a recruit to achieve the

00:25:58

rate of fire of a trained archer

00:26:00

who had been training since childhood, the

00:26:02

Chinese regiment consisted of a thousand soldiers,

00:26:05

if in the worst case it

00:26:07

took a minute to reload the entire clip, this means that

00:26:09

8 bolts were fired per minute from one

00:26:12

person, this means that

00:26:14

8 thousand bolts were flying at the enemy, you won’t envy this

00:26:17

weapon turned the

00:26:19

enemy’s dense formation into walking targets ancient people

00:26:22

turned the crossbow into the first

00:26:24

modular weapon in history, that is, a

00:26:26

weapon appeared for which you could have

00:26:28

spare parts an additional bowstring a spare

00:26:31

frame a spare crosspiece it could be

00:26:33

quickly assembled it was easy

00:26:35

to replace parts and repair only after

00:26:38

2000 years standardized spare parts

00:26:40

began to be produced for other types of

00:26:42

weapons rapid-fire crossbow Choko Well,

00:26:44

created by the ancients, was so

00:26:46

effective that it was widely used

00:26:48

in Wars until almost the beginning of the 20th century,

00:26:51

the last mass use was in the

00:26:53

Japanese Chinese war in 1895 A this

00:26:57

means that the ancient Chinese taste for

00:26:59

lever-action weapons was ahead of its

00:27:01

time by thousands of years, the Romans had something

00:27:04

similar only for heavier

00:27:06

weapons, a real ancient polybalas machine gun,

00:27:08

it is a

00:27:10

rapid-fire ballista, it has a mechanism

00:27:13

for feeding arrows about the same as in a

00:27:15

crossbow, the chokon fits into the magazine

00:27:17

9 shells each if you keep it full, it

00:27:20

will shoot without stopping, turn the

00:27:22

winch, pull the string, load

00:27:24

the shells and the ballisto will fire

00:27:26

automatically as soon as the string is pulled

00:27:28

to the limit, the Romans had something

00:27:31

like a tank on a cart, they put a

00:27:33

giant ballista that could

00:27:35

rotate 360 degrees, they

00:27:38

pulled the cart horses or mules the device

00:27:40

combined power, protection and

00:27:43

mobility in essence. This was a tank 2000

00:27:45

years before its appearance, especially

00:27:48

considering that like a modern

00:27:50

tank turret, the four-wheeled ballista could

00:27:52

rotate to respond to a threat.

00:27:54

From any side we saw a weapon

00:27:57

thousands of years ahead of us. But one thing a simple

00:27:59

invention of the ancient Greeks and Romans gave

00:28:01

birth to the most brutal weapon

00:28:03

of our time, which has not changed for

00:28:06

thousands of years in war, you need to prevent the

00:28:07

enemy’s advance and here on the battlefield

00:28:10

comes this hedgehog leg traps a

00:28:13

simple and effective weapon hedgehogs is a

00:28:16

metal with four spikes and how to don’t

00:28:19

throw one spike will always be at the top they are

00:28:21

easy to create install and carry the

00:28:23

enemy attacks advances on them suffers

00:28:26

losses and stops this simplest

00:28:28

invention is as effective as

00:28:30

modern means of restricting access

00:28:32

like mines its creation changed the course of a

00:28:35

defensive war they were easy to

00:28:37

make it was enough to take two

00:28:39

strips of metal and give them a shape,

00:28:41

weld them together, bend them, and all this very

00:28:43

quickly. Over time, swords, crossbows, and

00:28:46

metal armor disappeared from our

00:28:48

Arsenal. But we still use these hedgehogs,

00:28:50

they have hardly changed,

00:28:52

for example, the US Army still

00:28:54

uses hedgehogs in the Middle East, this

00:28:57

tiny weapon turned out to be an effective

00:28:59

example of ancient technologies when hedgehogs

00:29:01

thrown onto a hard surface, their

00:29:03

tip can stop any target, even the

00:29:06

most frightening elephants, the

00:29:09

Carthaginians and the Persians had elephants, they

00:29:11

terrified everyone, giant animals clad

00:29:14

in armor could break any formation, hedgehogs

00:29:16

became an excellent answer, elephants are

00:29:19

smart and thick skin, but the soles of

00:29:22

their feet are delicate Imagine that you throw a

00:29:23

whole cloud of such things in front of a wave of

00:29:26

attacking elephants, wounded elephants

00:29:28

will try to retreat the shortest

00:29:30

way, most often through their own troops,

00:29:32

causing huge losses among them. The elephant is a

00:29:35

real double-edged sword, it’s

00:29:37

ingenious, but a simple weapon could not

00:29:39

only to stop the enemy, the enemy always

00:29:41

tries to bypass the obstacle, therefore,

00:29:43

using hedgehogs wisely, it was possible to

00:29:46

direct the enemy anywhere, for example, to a

00:29:48

more vulnerable terrain for enemies where

00:29:50

they could be hit by heavy

00:29:52

cavalry. This simple invention can

00:29:54

serve as the basis for complex tactical

00:29:56

plans, and ancient people did this 3000

00:30:00

years ago in in the ancient world you can find

00:30:02

much more familiar modern things

00:30:04

in front of you is an ancient Roman Swiss knife,

00:30:07

this is the only surviving specimen

00:30:09

discovered in the Roman Mediterranean. It’s

00:30:11

simply an ingenious object, it’s impossible

00:30:13

to believe that it’s almost 2000 years old, it’s a

00:30:16

breakthrough in technology and a convenient companion for a

00:30:18

wealthy traveler, this object

00:30:20

was preserved because it was created from

00:30:22

silver and lay immured

00:30:24

underground for millennia, it allowed you to

00:30:26

carry everything you needed with you, like this, you

00:30:29

have a spoon, fork, knife, awl, and even a

00:30:32

toothpick. This means that all the

00:30:34

necessary household items are at your

00:30:36

fingertips. Such a knife was an attribute of prestige, a

00:30:38

sign that you eat well on the

00:30:40

road. proves how much the Romans were

00:30:43

ahead of their time, an amazingly

00:30:45

modern object from antiquity is no longer there. There is

00:30:48

no doubt that the ancient world was filled with

00:30:51

amazing technologies and just as

00:30:53

today in the modern

00:30:54

technological world we have a think

00:30:57

tank called the Valley where

00:30:59

talents from all over the planet come, in the

00:31:01

ancient world it was exactly the same

00:31:03

silicon Valley it was called the

00:31:05

Library of Alexandria

00:31:07

2300 years ago he worked here and was engaged in

00:31:10

science and one of the first geniuses of antiquity

00:31:12

where Sibius he was a skilled inventor

00:31:15

whose discoveries are an integral

00:31:17

part of the modern world one of them is the

00:31:20

power of compressed air today compressed

00:31:22

air finds many applications

00:31:24

for example in jackhammers but most

00:31:26

often it is pumped into the chambers of

00:31:28

car wheels, modern cars

00:31:30

race along the highway thanks to its

00:31:33

discovery. And this tool for

00:31:35

changing wheels also works thanks to

00:31:37

compressed air. Siberia, who lived in ancient

00:31:40

Alexandria, discovered that air has

00:31:42

mass and pressure. This was simply an

00:31:44

outstanding scientific breakthrough comparable to

00:31:47

Einstein's insight. with space and

00:31:49

time but How did this

00:31:51

little-known genius of antiquity make

00:31:53

such a discovery? It was an accident. While

00:31:56

working in a barber shop, he invented a

00:31:58

formula that could be raised and

00:32:00

lowered to make it easier to shave clients

00:32:02

while working this invention, where Sibi

00:32:04

noticed something when the mirror was on a

00:32:06

lead counterweight rose and

00:32:09

fell, a sound arose, the sound of air

00:32:11

that was pumped into the cavity and came

00:32:13

out, it was in his mind that

00:32:16

air is a substance that can

00:32:18

compress and expand in tcb quickly

00:32:20

realized that compressed air can be

00:32:22

used as a source of power And

00:32:24

soon he came up with the world's first pump in

00:32:27

it compressed air pushes water

00:32:28

outstanding inventions far

00:32:30

ahead of its time today it

00:32:33

is called a two-cylinder piston

00:32:35

pressure pump pressure pump To Tishibe

00:32:38

became one of the very first

00:32:39

fire extinguishers in the world in Alexandria it was

00:32:41

transported around the city to where

00:32:44

the fire broke out it was effective because it was

00:32:46

able to pump water into inaccessible places

00:32:48

places in the ancient world, a directed stream of

00:32:50

water seemed something new and

00:32:52

amazing, but after the Roman conquests,

00:32:54

fire pumps have now been used for thousands of years

00:32:57

again, from only in the 15th century to Tessibe,

00:33:00

2000 years ago, he created the principle by

00:33:03

which fires are extinguished even today, but

00:33:05

for Actisibe this was just the beginning

00:33:07

like all geniuses, his thoughts knew no

00:33:10

barriers in tisibiya he was one of the

00:33:12

highly paid intellectuals in

00:33:14

Alexandria he was part of a select group of

00:33:16

scientists who made discoveries in all

00:33:18

fields of knowledge to tesibiya and was

00:33:21

studying whether air pressure can be

00:33:23

controlled in the same way as water and

00:33:25

soon using a siphon He created the first

00:33:28

accurate water clock, which remained

00:33:30

the most accurate for almost two

00:33:33

thousand years; another outstanding

00:33:35

thinker, whom many consider the father of

00:33:38

robotics, was Philo of Byzantium,

00:33:40

also known as Philo the mechanic

00:33:43

because in this field he was thousands of years

00:33:45

ahead of his time. Philo was the creator of the

00:33:47

most incredible inventions. The ancient

00:33:49

world he was attracted to work in the

00:33:51

Alexandrian library at the same

00:33:54

time that Iktisibia there he wrote a

00:33:56

treatise on mechanics, which means the upper part of

00:33:58

this work was lost, but we

00:34:00

know for sure that he created some types of

00:34:03

weapons, but probably

00:34:04

his most phenomenal invention is the

00:34:06

mechanical maid, one can say

00:34:09

from the first robots this is a diagram of

00:34:11

Philo's maid of an automaton who poured wine into a goblet

00:34:14

and mixed it with water as

00:34:16

was then customary the device was

00:34:18

made in the form of a female figure with an

00:34:20

outstretched arm from a jug of wine such a

00:34:22

maid was intended for only

00:34:24

one purpose to incredibly surprise guests

00:34:26

after 2000 years of the robot Philo was recreated

00:34:29

and reactivated when we put the

00:34:31

cup in his hand, he mixes wine and

00:34:34

water in the exact proportions, first

00:34:36

the wine pours Then it stops doing this and

00:34:38

water begins to pour after that the cup

00:34:41

could be taken away and handed to the

00:34:42

perplexed And amazed guest how did the

00:34:45

robot manage to separately pour

00:34:47

water and wine This is how it was designed the

00:34:49

wine began to flow when the hand was set

00:34:52

in motion when the goblet reached a

00:34:54

certain weight the valve of the wine was

00:34:56

closed under pressure and served

00:34:58

diluting the drink according to ancient tradition in

00:35:00

this incredibly complex invention the

00:35:02

principles of hydraulics and

00:35:04

air compression were used open to the tisibii

00:35:07

which phylon brought to a new technical

00:35:09

level It is amazing that such an

00:35:11

incredibly complex mechanism was created and

00:35:14

used in ancient times,

00:35:15

more than two thousand years ago, Philo was

00:35:18

interested not only in robotics,

00:35:20

he came up with another incredible

00:35:22

technology that has not lost its

00:35:25

relevance for centuries and to this day we

00:35:27

use it this technology he used in an

00:35:30

octagonal inkwell in the center of

00:35:32

each face a hole is drilled, you can

00:35:34

dip the pen From any side, but the most

00:35:37

amazing thing is that at what angle without

00:35:39

turning it over, not a

00:35:41

drop of ink will spill out of it, it was an unprecedented thing,

00:35:43

the owner of such an item could

00:35:46

endlessly surprise guests, the secret was

00:35:48

in the secret inner rings which

00:35:50

kept the container of ink always at the

00:35:52

same level today after 2000 years this

00:35:55

invention is used all over the world

00:35:57

this is the principle of an aircraft gyroscope

00:36:00

indicating the level of the horizon to the pilot

00:36:02

At night or when visibility is poor this

00:36:04

device becomes the most important in the

00:36:06

cockpit the ring technology that

00:36:08

Phylon created today is called a gimbal

00:36:11

it was used even when man landed

00:36:13

on the moon, it’s a shame that a significant part of

00:36:15

Philo’s works has not survived to this day, of the

00:36:18

8 chapters of his work on

00:36:19

engineering, only three have survived. He was

00:36:22

one of the greatest engineers of antiquity

00:36:24

after Kessibius and Philo, who lived in the first

00:36:27

century BC. He

00:36:29

also worked in the Alexandrian library one genius of the

00:36:31

Ancient world, he taught mathematics,

00:36:33

mechanics and physics his name was Heron Heron

00:36:37

had a scientific mindset, the ancient

00:36:39

Greeks were famous for this quality, but they did not

00:36:41

shy away from religion and Heron was not averse to

00:36:43

making money from it, for this he

00:36:45

created various inventions for

00:36:47

temples so that they could impress their

00:36:49

parishioners and increase the flow of money in

00:36:52

ancient Alexandria there were countless

00:36:54

temples, the competition was

00:36:55

enormous, everyone wanted more donations for him.

00:36:58

Everyone was thinking about how they would be

00:37:01

allocated here the priests and turned to

00:37:03

Heron because they knew that he could always

00:37:05

come up with something because he knew how think

00:37:07

outside the box based on the works of

00:37:10

Tishiba and especially Philo Heron invented

00:37:12

incredible mechanical models

00:37:14

that were miracles of technology, priests

00:37:16

used them in temples to

00:37:18

demonstrate the so-called powers

00:37:20

given by the gods, an archer striking a

00:37:23

dragon with an arrow, a copper horse drinking water, figures

00:37:25

dancing around a fire, the hero was very

00:37:28

reminiscent of a modern illusionist

00:37:30

doing things that seems

00:37:32

impossible, but One day he surpassed

00:37:34

himself and created something Impossible,

00:37:37

most inventions at one time

00:37:39

looked incredible When automatic doors appeared in the 60s of the

00:37:42

last Century

00:37:43

They probably also

00:37:45

seemed like something fantastic, but

00:37:48

Imagine if they swung open

00:37:49

in front of someone two thousands of years ago, but

00:37:52

this actually happened Heron

00:37:55

really invented automatic

00:37:57

doors it was the most amazing

00:37:59

ancient technology the world's first

00:38:01

automatic doors were in an

00:38:03

ancient Greek temple it was believed that they were

00:38:05

opened by the gods Heron knew that when

00:38:07

heated the air expands this was an

00:38:10

outstanding development of the theory where Sibiya is about the

00:38:12

fact that air is a substance and

00:38:14

expanding hot air can be

00:38:16

used to push

00:38:18

water in the same way as compressed air in a water

00:38:20

pump, the priest lit a fire unnoticed by the

00:38:23

worshipers, this fire heated a container with

00:38:25

water, the water boiled, steam was produced,

00:38:27

which entered another container,

00:38:29

pushing out the water that poured out In

00:38:31

the vessel, the vessel with the help of ropes

00:38:34

activated the door mechanism, filling with

00:38:36

water, he opened them with his weight, the

00:38:38

worshipers were amazed, it seemed as if the

00:38:41

gods themselves had opened the doors, they were seized by a

00:38:43

sacred awe, today automatic

00:38:46

doors are a familiar part of our life, like

00:38:48

many other so-called modern

00:38:50

inventions, but on the doors Geron did not

00:38:52

stop,

00:38:54

he always sought to bring technology

00:38:57

to a level by learning how to skillfully

00:38:59

use weights, levers, water

00:39:01

pressure. He created another invention

00:39:03

that became widespread

00:39:05

only in the 20th century. Coin machine.

00:39:09

Incredibly, even in the ancient world it

00:39:11

was possible to throw a coin into the machine and get a

00:39:13

cup of holy water. This was the first vending

00:39:16

machine; a falling coin touched a lever

00:39:18

that raised the valve; when the coin

00:39:21

fell, the valve closed and the water

00:39:23

stopped flowing; everyone was happy;

00:39:25

the parishioners received water; and the temple received money;

00:39:28

such a comprehensive solution

00:39:29

indicates that Heron was a

00:39:31

genius who invented a vending machine

00:39:33

2000 years ago in the modern world.

00:39:37

we find drama and spectacle in cinema, but the great

00:39:39

directors of the 20th century owe a lot to Heron,

00:39:42

he was not just an inventor, he created

00:39:45

magic and he had a taste for spectacle,

00:39:47

Heron created the first

00:39:49

mechanical theater in history, the performance

00:39:51

lasted 20 minutes, the audience came out

00:39:53

stunned, the theater was a

00:39:56

set of figures performing certain the

00:39:58

movements were powered by

00:40:00

ropes and rotating mechanisms; it

00:40:02

was enough to press a button and the

00:40:04

real performance began; the

00:40:06

audience had never seen anything

00:40:08

like it before; they could not understand how it was

00:40:11

made; the word cinematography comes from the

00:40:13

Greek movement, and the foundation for this

00:40:15

wonderful phenomenon was laid by the hero.

00:40:18

However, he was not only illusionist

00:40:20

technology interested him as a field of

00:40:22

knowledge and he decided to go far Heron

00:40:25

brought the ancient world to the threshold of the Industrial

00:40:27

Revolution It is believed that steam engines

00:40:29

were invented during the Industrial

00:40:31

Revolution 200 years ago but like many

00:40:34

other things it was a rediscovery of this

00:40:36

copper ball It is called an aeolipile it is

00:40:39

capable of rotating at a speed of 1,500

00:40:42

rpm This was the world's first

00:40:44

steam engine; a sealed boiler

00:40:46

located at the bottom was filled with water; a

00:40:48

fire was made under it, which

00:40:50

heated the water, creating steam; it filled the

00:40:53

sphere and came out through two spouts

00:40:55

directed in opposite directions

00:40:57

on the world jets; it forced the ball

00:40:59

to rotate around its axis. invented

00:41:02

this 2000 years ago Imagine what would have happened

00:41:05

if the ancient Greeks had found an

00:41:07

application for this technology if the

00:41:09

industrial revolution had occurred 2000

00:41:11

years earlier today's world would be

00:41:13

completely different Heron was undoubtedly a

00:41:16

leading thinker of his time

00:41:18

he did not have the tools or knowledge

00:41:20

of modern people engineers but he

00:41:22

created incredible inventions

00:41:24

Unfortunately the Middle Ages Many of them

00:41:26

were forgotten in the ancient world there lived

00:41:28

undoubtedly great thinkers where Siberia

00:41:31

Philo and Heron were three giants but

00:41:33

among them there was one scientist who

00:41:35

outshone everyone, this is Archimedes, perhaps the

00:41:39

greatest mind of antiquity, he was without a doubt

00:41:41

true a genius of his time, he is

00:41:44

still considered the greatest

00:41:46

inventor of all time, and this is all the

00:41:48

more amazing because he was one of the

00:41:50

very first scientists of the Ancient World

00:41:52

Archimedes was born in Syracuse on the island of

00:41:54

Sicily 2300 years ago and he is at the forefront of the

00:41:58

development of modern scientific thinking

00:42:00

like Leonardo da Vinci he had an

00:42:02

extraordinary imagination, it helped him

00:42:05

invent a terrifying weapon against the

00:42:07

Roman fleet, but his main contribution to

00:42:09

science has not lost its relevance and today

00:42:11

many Modern technologies are based

00:42:14

on the principles of open archimedans, for example,

00:42:16

a screw, which was already mentioned in passing, its

00:42:19

principle seems simple, however, it was a

00:42:21

revolutionary extraordinary invention

00:42:23

he created wonderful things this screw

00:42:26

makes water flow upward in ancient

00:42:29

times it seemed to be a denial of the laws

00:42:31

of nature However, the genius was in

00:42:33

the simplicity you turn the handle the coils on the

00:42:36

rods scoop up water causing them

00:42:38

to rise up the pipe the Archimedes

00:42:40

screw became a real revelation with its

00:42:42

help it was possible to pump water from the

00:42:44

hold into ships, it simplified the irrigation of

00:42:46

fields and was one of the best achievements of

00:42:48

ancient technology, the most amazing thing is that

00:42:51

exactly the same mechanisms are used

00:42:54

today, for example in Switzerland, we can

00:42:55

see the Archimedes screw in here it is

00:42:58

used to pump water from a small

00:43:00

stream into a large river which is located

00:43:02

three meters above Well, on the Thames River in

00:43:05

England, Archimedes’ screws, instead of moving

00:43:07

upward, work in the opposite

00:43:09

direction; due to the current, they turn

00:43:12

the generator, thereby converting the force of

00:43:14

the river’s flow into electricity every time

00:43:16

those who use the electricity

00:43:17

generated by these screws

00:43:19

use the invention of Archimedes,

00:43:22

another of his creations is no less important why

00:43:24

the screw is used today all over the world

00:43:26

thanks to the ingenious invention

00:43:28

Archimedes came up with a system of blocks we are

00:43:31

not talking about building blocks for

00:43:33

erecting walls, in this case blocks

00:43:35

are called this wheel with a groove around its circumference

00:43:37

rotating around its axis

00:43:39

thanks to a rope before Archimedes, heavy

00:43:42

loads were lifted solely due to

00:43:43

physical strength in the ancient world, in order

00:43:46

to lift a ton of cargo it took 40

00:43:48

people, but thanks to Archimedes this work was

00:43:51

now only able to be done by one other

00:43:53

brilliant engineer, the mathematician Galileo

00:43:55

called Archimedes a superman

00:43:57

at the same time, thanks to him, everyone can

00:43:59

gain super strength and lift

00:44:02

even an entire car alone Archimedes understood the

00:44:04

essence problems, so he came up with a very

00:44:06

clever system of blocks and winches, he

00:44:08

calculated that with the help of blocks and a winch it is

00:44:10

easier to lift the load; double blocks

00:44:13

make the work twice as easy; pull the

00:44:15

rope and the load is easily separated from the ground.

00:44:18

And all because its weight is distributed

00:44:20

along the cables; of course, the length of the path

00:44:22

increases, but this is the principle of a block and a

00:44:24

rope; a device that allows you to

00:44:26

easily lift heavy loads; with its

00:44:29

help, one person can lift an entire

00:44:31

machine; the more blocks and the longer

00:44:33

the rope, the more weight

00:44:35

one person can lift; a lever has a similar

00:44:38

principle; in fact, any block

00:44:40

is a lever. Archimedes said

00:44:42

that having a lever of sufficient length, one

00:44:44

person will be able to lift the entire earth, but here’s

00:44:47

how you can lift a car with the help of

00:44:48

blocks and ropes: simply hook a

00:44:51

sufficient number of these same blocks

00:44:53

with ropes and pull towards yourself soon

00:44:55

the machine that weighs more than a ton from

00:44:57

getting rid of the Earth from the outside

00:44:59

looks impossible, but these are the laws

00:45:01

physicists Archimedes came up with this ingenious

00:45:03

thing more than 2000 years ago and the technology is

00:45:06

still working and used

00:45:08

everywhere exploring the fundamental

00:45:10

laws of nature Archimedes changed the world his

00:45:12

invention, seemingly simple, became

00:45:15

such an integral part of

00:45:16

modern reality that they are taken for

00:45:18

granted as already

00:45:20

mentioned Archimedes developed weapons for

00:45:24

2240 years ago the city of the state of

00:45:26

Syracuse in Sicily was besieged by Roman

00:45:29

troops. It was important to capture Sicily for

00:45:32

its natural resources and grains.

00:45:33

The military leader Marcellus sent the Xerocoses a

00:45:36

powerful Roman fleet, his task was to

00:45:39

capture the city. Syracuse had a

00:45:41

big problem; they were attacked by a

00:45:43

superpower. The Romans sailed and besieged

00:45:45

this important city. However, Syracuse

00:45:48

had a secret weapon, his name

00:45:50

was Archimedes When the Romans attacked the

00:45:53

city from two sides, the inhabitants of the Shiroko

00:45:55

launched machines designed by Archimedes,

00:45:57

they threw

00:46:00

heavy stones at the Roman troops on land in the ancient world,

00:46:03

Archimedes had a reputation as an expert in military

00:46:05

devices, it is known that the Romans

00:46:07

were in awe of his inventions,

00:46:08

their commander The soldiers fell into despair

00:46:11

when they learned that

00:46:13

Archimedes' mechanisms would be used against them. The first

00:46:16

deadly weapon from his Arsenal

00:46:18

was called Archimedes' claw. The Sicilians

00:46:21

had little manpower, so Archimedes

00:46:23

could

00:46:25

only use the power of his mind against the Romans. Archimedes' claw. An

00:46:27

advanced weapon for that time, a group of

00:46:30

soldiers hooked on an approaching ship. an

00:46:32

iron hook with the help of levers and

00:46:34

blocks turned it over, these machines

00:46:36

physically fished ships out of the water and

00:46:39

it was a terrifying sight, as soon as

00:46:42

the enemy ship approached the walls of the

00:46:44

sirokuska, a huge hook caught its nose and

00:46:46

lifted the ship above the water either sank from a

00:46:49

critical longitudinal roll or

00:46:51

broke from critical longitudinal

00:46:53

loads, damage was also caused by

00:46:55

the fall of the ship from collisions with

00:46:57

Archimedes. The Romans left many

00:46:59

records from which it is clear that the camouflage of the

00:47:01

cranes behind the battlements of the walls was at its best and the

00:47:04

Romans believed that the

00:47:05

gods were against them. The claw of Archimedes is often

00:47:08

called a super-weapon of the Ancient world;

00:47:10

another principle of using the claw is

00:47:12

dropping from a height huge logs on

00:47:14

enemy ships and troops, the

00:47:17

question arises: Why did the ships sail so close

00:47:19

to the walls of the city strategically?

00:47:21

This seems like a rather stupid decision. But

00:47:23

it made sense. The fact is that the Roman

00:47:26

commander assumed that Eight ships

00:47:28

carrying a high sambuca tower would be able to

00:47:30

approach the walls then according to

00:47:33

Marcellus’ plan the legionnaires were supposed to

00:47:35

penetrate the city through the tower. However, thanks to the

00:47:37

claw of Archimedes and several

00:47:39

stones weighing

00:47:42

250 kg successfully fired by catapults, the tower was destroyed, after which

00:47:45

Marcellus ordered a retreat. Marcellus,

00:47:48

making fun of his position, said

00:47:50

that Archimedes was treating his ships with sea

00:47:52

water, the famous ancient historian of

00:47:55

Libya wrote Takova miraculous of one

00:47:57

person of one talent skillfully

00:48:00

directed to any task. The Romans

00:48:02

could quickly take possession of the city if

00:48:05

someone had taken one old man from among the Syracusans,

00:48:07

but since this one was among the

00:48:10

Syracusans, they did not hold back to attack the

00:48:12

city. end of quote in 2005 they were

00:48:15

carried out several experiments in

00:48:17

order to verify the veracity of the description of

00:48:18

Archimedes' claw, the constructed structure

00:48:21

showed its full functionality

00:48:23

according to one of the legends, first described by

00:48:26

Diodorus Sicilian when the Roman fleet,

00:48:28

having been defeated, retreated to a safe distance

00:48:30

inaccessible to the catapult stones

00:48:32

Archimedes used another

00:48:35

of his inventions, he installed a

00:48:36

large mirror in which directed rays

00:48:39

from other smaller mirrors; the reflected beam

00:48:41

was able to set fire to and destroy Roman

00:48:44

ships; historians Plutarch and Titus Livi

00:48:46

wrote that the Roman fleet was burned by the

00:48:48

defenders of the city, who, with the help of

00:48:50

parabolic mirrors and shields polished

00:48:52

to a shine, focused the

00:48:55

rays of the sun on them; on the orders of Archimedes, the

00:48:57

reliability of this legend

00:48:59

was more important Physicists rather than historians, this

00:49:01

supposed weapon has been the subject of

00:49:03

ongoing debate about its

00:49:04

authenticity since the Renaissance,

00:49:07

modern researchers have attempted

00:49:08

to recreate the effects using only the

00:49:10

means available to Archimedes,

00:49:12

it has been suggested that a large set of

00:49:14

highly polished bronze or

00:49:16

copper shields acting as

00:49:18

mirrors could have been used to

00:49:20

focus sunlight on a ship,

00:49:22

so the Greek scientist Ioannis Sakkos in

00:49:25

1973 managed to set fire to a plywood

00:49:29

model of a Roman ship treated with

00:49:31

resin from a distance of 50 meters using

00:49:34

70 copper mirrors, coating the resin would have been

00:49:37

common on ships in the classical

00:49:39

era, participants in the famous program

00:49:41

MythBusters twice tried to

00:49:43

repeat the experiment with

00:49:45

Archimedes' mirrors And both times were failures

00:49:47

because they came to the conclusion that the more

00:49:49

likely effect of the mirrors was blinding

00:49:52

or distracting. The crew of the ship, Dr.

00:49:55

Cliff, believes that it was possible that they used not

00:49:58

flat mirrors, but slightly concave ones to

00:50:00

create a focusing effect. Dr. Ho

00:50:03

believes that the effect that

00:50:04

curved shields could produce was not given

00:50:06

due attention by other

00:50:08

researchers and that scientists did not

00:50:10

realize the full power of what was being created and

00:50:13

the little things in all studies

00:50:14

it was assumed that Archimedes used

00:50:16

only flat mirrors, while

00:50:18

concave surfaces focus rays much more strongly; the

00:50:20

curvature of mirrors could

00:50:22

provide Archimedes with the task of igniting the

00:50:24

ships of his laboratory. Dr. Ho uses

00:50:27

curved mirrors to easily melt

00:50:29

heat-resistant brick from excerpts from the works of

00:50:32

ancient authors, we can conclude

00:50:34

that Archimedes knew well the

00:50:36

incendiary properties of concave mirrors,

00:50:38

conducted experiments on the refraction of Light,

00:50:40

studied the properties of images in concave

00:50:42

flat and convex mirrors, be that as it

00:50:45

may, in the end, Syrocusa was

00:50:47

not taken by the Romans by storm, but thanks to

00:50:49

betrayal it happened during a

00:50:52

holiday when the guards were drunk,

00:50:54

one of the guards opened a sweaty

00:50:57

passage in the wall to the enemy, despite

00:50:59

Marcelo’s order not to touch Archimedes anyway,

00:51:01

one of the Roman soldiers during the turmoil

00:51:03

during the capture of the city killed him. The Romans then

00:51:06

made excuses for a long time, saying that it was an

00:51:08

accident, they needed support of

00:51:10

the Greeks and it was extremely unprofitable for them to

00:51:12

appear in the role of murderers of their best

00:51:14

representatives during his lifetime, Archimedes managed

00:51:16

to make many discoveries in the field of

00:51:18

geometry, anticipated many ideas

00:51:20

of mathematical analysis, laid the foundations of

00:51:23

hydrostatic mechanics, was the author of a number of

00:51:26

important inventions, and one can only

00:51:27

guess what technologies he would have

00:51:30

invented if lived longer, maybe the

00:51:32

industrial revolution could have begun for

00:51:35

2000 years Previously, he could have immediately given

00:51:37

rise to a new time, most of his

00:51:40

works, like the works of other geniuses, were

00:51:42

written on scrolls that were kept in the

00:51:44

Alexandrian library for hundreds of years

00:51:46

because of the war and unrest, it was subjected to

00:51:48

several arson and by looting,

00:51:50

no one will ever know what works

00:51:53

were destroyed as a result of these

00:51:55

events; perhaps in the ancient world there were

00:51:57

other geniuses whose information has not been preserved.

00:51:59

But today we

00:52:01

can confidently say one thing: the ancient Greeks were

00:52:03

outstanding inventors who

00:52:05

laid the foundations of modern science

00:52:07

two thousand years ago and other

00:52:10

engineers of antiquity set the standard for

00:52:12

many technologies that are an

00:52:14

integral part of the modern world,

00:52:16

many inventions We didn’t even have time to

00:52:18

mention, from the most complex

00:52:20

navigation systems to precise

00:52:23

cutting methods, the ancients could create

00:52:25

engineering miracles that would take your

00:52:28

breath away, they built industrial facilities,

00:52:30

erected grandiose structures,

00:52:32

ahead of their time for Thousands of years

00:52:35

they created Things that turn a person into

00:52:38

Superman the genius of antiquity gave the world

00:52:40

many theories and inventions they

00:52:43

created technologies that even today do

00:52:45

not need improvement the

00:52:47

ancient people were by no means primitive

00:52:49

perhaps in terms of intellectual potential

00:52:51

Some of them are comparable to

00:52:54

Einstein himself but that’s all not No don't forget

00:52:57

to like, subscribe to the channel and

00:52:59

watch the two previous videos

00:53:03

[music]

Description:

Забирай подарки при регистрации в Astellia: ►http://gnl.su/l5ajbC ПОДПИШИСЬ НА НОВЫЕ ТОПЫ: https://www.youtube.com/user/FiveTop5?sub_confirmation=1 Паблик Вконтакте: http://vk.com/fivetop5 РЕКЛАМА: https://vk.com/fivetop5?w=page-46833311_49858068 В этом видео я покажу и расскажу про самые крутые технологии древности. Древний мир был не такой примитивный, как мы привыкли считать.

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