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Fentanyl has become a primary cause of the opioid overdose epidemic in the past decade. But what is it about this drug that's so dangerous? There's more to the story than meets the eye. If you’re ever in the position where you think someone may have overdosed, but aren’t sure, the CDC says to look for things like pinpoint pupils, slow, weak, or absent breathing, and the person going limp and unconscious. If you think an overdose really is happening, call 911 – most states have what are called Good Samaritan laws, which protect people from getting in legal trouble when calling authorities for help. Try to keep them awake and breathing and lay them on their left side to help prevent choking. If you have it, administer naloxone as soon as an overdose is suspected - there are Narcan training courses out there, and some even give you free Narcan to be used in an emergency. Stay with the person until emergency services arrive. To learn more about overdose and drug addiction: https://www.cdc.gov/stopoverdose/fentanyl/index.html. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/naloxone https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline https://www.overdoselifeline.org/opioid-training-and-courses/layperson-naloxone-administration/ Hosted by: Reid Reimers (he/him) ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Matt Curls, Alisa Sherbow, Dr. Melvin Sanicas, Harrison Mills, Adam Brainard, Chris Peters, charles george, Piya Shedden, Alex Hackman, Christopher R, Boucher, Jeffrey Mckishen, Ash, Silas Emrys, Eric Jensen, Kevin Bealer, Jason A Saslow, Tom Mosner, Tomás Lagos González, Jacob, Christoph Schwanke, Sam Lutfi, Bryan Cloer ---------- Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-019-0625-0#Sec3 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867422012600[v] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5657806/ https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1953-01-01_2_page004.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622774/ https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-med-062613-093100 https://elifesciences.org/articles/52694 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2022134118 https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/fentanyl.pdf https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/518441_2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22747535/ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Morphine https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Fentanyl https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21262-9#Abs1 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21262-9 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867422012600 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00890 https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0311-9 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673610623537 https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7517-1-9 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379721002750?casa_token=xCGA5SxAOI8AAAAA:wlx2Q0gX4A3MEoovqR8OhnJm_HT0rRsnH-LAph9XAVyp6ceLjQJ66xRu4adpOpAvkxM8SWOfAg https://www.cdc.gov/stopoverdose/naloxone/index.html https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-022-06125-5 https://ww2.uthscsa.edu/artt/addictionjc/2020-01-28-hill.pdf https://nida.nih.gov/publications/naloxone-opioid-overdose-life-saving-science https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31158402/ Fentanyl is Very Deadly… Here’s Why Image Sources: https://tinyurl.com/4nzf7fax https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fentanyl-xtal-3D-balls.png https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/deaths/fentanyl-encounters/index.html https://tinyurl.com/ye29kbx5 https://tinyurl.com/4xb97myj https://tinyurl.com/4dtm6pmp https://tinyurl.com/yrenpkpc https://tinyurl.com/yxkskxh8 https://tinyurl.com/4tbjfecb https://tinyurl.com/26bua33k https://tinyurl.com/mrx3mvt8 https://tinyurl.com/bdh66v9p https://tinyurl.com/ynztb62n https://tinyurl.com/bdcpjb3w https://tinyurl.com/2sjm956w https://tinyurl.com/ydzhpdjc https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fentanyl._2_mg._A_lethal_dose_in_most_people.jpg https://tinyurl.com/rdz3md8j https://tinyurl.com/scj8eww3 https://tinyurl.com/28u2ejea https://tinyurl.com/nzvnntf7 https://www.statista.com/chart/18744/the-number-of-drug-overdose-deaths-in-the-us/ https://tinyurl.com/3wud55xt https://tinyurl.com/npwxbd2s https://tinyurl.com/3mur4t84 https://www.cdc.gov/stopoverdose/fentanyl/fentanyl-test-strips.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SCMR_Argos_Strasbourg_novembre_2016-4.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Controversial_Safe_Injection_Site.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harm_Reduction_Drug_Testing_Table.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naxolone_kit.jpg https://tinyurl.com/bdexm7wm https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01990-0 https://tinyurl.com/4msuudf4