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Галилео. Адронный коллайдер

Галилео. Адронный коллайдер

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео. Эксперимент. Токи Фуко

Галилео. Эксперимент. Токи Фуко

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео. Эксперимент. Салют

Галилео. Эксперимент. Салют

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео. Зимние способы 2. Найти еду и воду

Галилео. Зимние способы 2. Найти еду и воду

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео. Уборка в городе 🌁 Cleaning the city

Галилео. Уборка в городе 🌁 Cleaning the city

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео. Эксперимент. Шоколад в пузырьках

Галилео. Эксперимент. Шоколад в пузырьках

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео 🔒 Навесные замки

Галилео 🔒 Навесные замки

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео. Декоративное мыло

Галилео. Декоративное мыло

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Galileo. Doctor's sausage

Galileo. Doctor's sausage

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео | Как делают детальки Лего?

Галилео | Как делают детальки Лего?

Channel: GalileoRU

Галилео

Пушной

СТС

Galileo

наука

science

производство

светофор

лампы

дорожное движение

гибдд

гаи

00:00:00

[applause]

00:00:01

he easily, without tension, just winks with an eye,

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regulates the movement of those who drive and walk,

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yes friends, this of course is not a poem

00:00:15

about a traffic police inspector,

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but when our traffic police inspector was

00:00:19

regulating traffic, it is pointless,

00:00:21

unprofitable, this poem is about a

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traffic light,

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that’s what can be interesting at a traffic light,

00:00:27

everything is simple there and it’s clear red stop

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yellow attention green go

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and now the question have you ever

00:00:33

wondered why these three colors

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were chosen for the traffic lights we would make blue

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purple and what else and orange

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why not it’s also perfectly visible from afar

00:00:49

let’s find out why these three

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colors are used in the traffic lights

00:01:00

this is Pyotr Petrovich, the head of the department and a

00:01:04

very punctual person, there are

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five employees under his command and not one of them

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comes to work on time

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[music]

00:01:18

and the reason is always the same: cars don’t want to

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let pedestrians pass,

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so Pyotr Petrovich decided not to fine anyone,

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he won’t fine anyone,

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Pyotr Petrovich will put a

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traffic light on or off The Traffic Safety Inspectorate decides not to be, the

00:01:44

State Road Safety Inspectorate is

00:01:51

where Pyotr Petrovich wrote the letter,

00:01:55

but one statement is not enough, everything depends on the

00:02:00

intensity of traffic

00:02:04

on the streets of the capital, half a million cars pass every day,

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today their

00:02:10

traffic is regulated by 22 and a half thousand

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traffic lights, traffic situations are

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monitored with the help In addition to video cameras, there are

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also transport detectors,

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they measure the speed and density of

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traffic flow,

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only at the intersection of Petr

00:02:33

Petrovich there are no such sensors yet, bad

00:02:35

luck, you will have to count them manually, this is what the

00:02:42

traffic police inspector is doing right now together with our hero, the inspector

00:02:46

is counting cars and Petr Petrovich

00:02:51

pedestrians, in order to install a traffic light,

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it is necessary that at least 600 cars pass along the road in an hour

00:03:01

and at least 150 pedestrians pass, you

00:03:06

need to count for 8 hours, so the pleasure is

00:03:10

usually extended over 3 days,

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it’s time to check the data for the last hour, the

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inspector got 690 cars and

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Petr Petrovich got

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149 pedestrians alone Is there

00:03:26

really not enough traffic light installed?

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Well, now it’s exactly 150

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as it should be. The application for a new traffic light

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goes to the design institute. The

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engineers’ task is to find a

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free place for it. So far, on this map

00:03:46

it’s called

00:03:48

its substructure; all the

00:03:51

underground communications, pipes and cables are marked on it;

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the main thing is not to touch it when installing

00:03:57

a traffic light, and so a free space has been found,

00:04:02

now you need to determine how long

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the red and how many green signals of the

00:04:09

signal change mode will be on, also depends on the

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congestion of the route,

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here again the data

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collected and Petr Petrovich at the

00:04:19

intersection of the computer calculates

00:04:23

several options, here the main selection criterion so

00:04:26

that there are no traffic jams,

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by the way, why are traffic lights for

00:04:32

motorists red yellow-green? The

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majority believes that it is a matter of

00:04:39

psychology; red symbolizes

00:04:43

danger, which is why it was chosen

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as a prohibition signal;

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yellow increases concentration;

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this color warns of a change; signals;

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and finally, green, it calms down; it’s

00:05:01

okay; go through everything well,

00:05:05

however, in fact, these colors were chosen

00:05:08

for a completely different reason, from the point of view of

00:05:12

physics, one color differs from another

00:05:15

only in the length of the light wave, just like

00:05:19

radio stations have their own purity,

00:05:22

each color has its own wavelength,

00:05:25

red has the longest 681 meters

00:05:30

and blue has the longest a short one is one and a half times

00:05:33

less, a

00:05:34

short light wave dissipates

00:05:37

faster than a long one and therefore is transmitted

00:05:40

over a shorter distance, so if a red

00:05:44

signal is visible ten kilometers away,

00:05:47

then yellow of the same brightness is only 5

00:05:51

green for three, but the blue signal cannot

00:05:56

be seen and after one and a half kilometers

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red yellow green

00:06:01

human the eye sees better than everyone

00:06:03

else,

00:06:06

that’s why they were chosen for the traffic light in the

00:06:09

article, three-color traffic lights appeared

00:06:12

only in 1920, what the traffic light looked like

00:06:18

before that, the very first copy looked

00:06:23

like a railway signal two

00:06:26

wings

00:06:27

guided the actions of motorists

00:06:31

if the wings are at an angle of 45 degrees, you can

00:06:35

drive

00:06:36

if the stop signal is horizontal a

00:06:42

modern traffic light resembles a

00:06:44

three-story birdhouse, it’s a body that has

00:06:49

doors screwed onto it, a canopy

00:06:51

over each window protects

00:06:55

from sun glare,

00:06:59

these black plates are inserted inside, holy blocks are attached to them,

00:07:05

this is the main part of the traffic light, what

00:07:08

lights up in one day, workers collect

00:07:13

only three block lights, and that’s all because that

00:07:17

it consists of many LEDs, these are

00:07:22

small paws with a diameter of only five

00:07:25

millimeters, they can shine for 100,000

00:07:28

hours,

00:07:29

this is 100 times more than the operating time of

00:07:32

ordinary incandescent lamps,

00:07:34

next to each LED they

00:07:37

also install an electric voltage stabilizer

00:07:41

[music]

00:07:44

if one light bulb burns out, the

00:07:47

others will not go out along the chain

00:07:52

[music]

00:07:56

the eye of the traffic light is ready on top of the holy block

00:08:02

close the transparent lenses

00:08:04

so that water and road dust do not get inside the

00:08:08

joint is sealed with a thick

00:08:11

rubber gasket after I holy blocks the lens is the

00:08:17

most important element

00:08:19

it not only scatters the light but also

00:08:22

protects it from hooligans they are made from a very

00:08:25

durable polycarbonate material,

00:08:28

just like a helmet for motorcyclists,

00:08:32

look at the lens, you can even jump.

00:08:36

Peter Petrovich decided to see for himself

00:08:39

how strong the traffic light armor is.

00:08:42

I willingly agreed to the role of a street

00:08:45

hooligan

00:08:46

on the first try, but it didn’t work out, but all the

00:08:51

other goals and the traffic light survived this test tube,

00:08:56

now you can feel free

00:08:58

to install

00:09:00

the map shows the traffic light should be

00:09:03

here so as not to interfere with the work

00:09:07

we put up a road sign, first remove

00:09:10

the asphalt, cut it into pieces with a

00:09:13

rotating blade and then crush it with a

00:09:16

jackhammer

00:09:17

cover your ears this is perhaps the loudest

00:09:20

of all construction tools, but

00:09:23

what is the result with everything else a

00:09:25

regular shovel can handle according to the rules, the

00:09:29

pit should be 80 centimeters deep,

00:09:33

the table together with the traffic light weighs 40

00:09:37

kilograms, just imagine what will happen

00:09:39

if it falls on your car, don’t

00:09:42

worry, it’s unlikely to happen, the table is filled with

00:09:45

concrete for reliability

00:09:50

after the concrete hardens, you can

00:09:53

hang the case itself,

00:09:57

it will be held on a bracket

00:10:02

they are fastened to a pole with fortifications

00:10:04

similar to handcuffs, this is so that the traffic light does

00:10:08

not become an easy prey for a thief, we are not

00:10:11

kidding and this happens,

00:10:14

the body is mounted at a height of at least

00:10:16

two meters, the traffic light must be visible

00:10:19

from afar,

00:10:21

well, now everything is ready,

00:10:23

wait a minute, who will

00:10:25

switch the signal anyway Previously, each

00:10:29

traffic light had its own guard who

00:10:32

did it manually,

00:10:34

today the controller is responsible for changing the signals,

00:10:37

you can say this is a

00:10:39

personal computer for the traffic light, a

00:10:42

program is loaded into it from a laptop

00:10:45

that switches the light signals of

00:10:51

the controller, they lock it with a lock,

00:10:56

one-two-three, it lights up, which means they go to their

00:11:02

workplaces everyone will arrive on time and it’s true that the

00:11:06

employees are already in the office, only Petr

00:11:10

Petrovich is not in the car

00:11:13

[music]

00:11:16

waiting for the green light to turn on. In the USSR, the

00:11:25

first traffic light was installed on January 15,

00:11:30

1930 in Leningrad, and in Moscow it

00:11:33

appeared on December 30 of the same year on the corner of

00:11:36

Petrovka and Kuznetsk Bridge,

00:11:39

but soon traffic lights in Moscow will no longer be

00:11:42

needed because they have been replaced by

00:11:45

traffic jams, it’s green

00:11:48

Harry or red or yellow, it doesn’t

00:11:52

matter at all, because that’s how everyone stood, that’s how everyone

00:11:54

stands

Description:

№589 от 21.06.2010 Почему в светофоре используют именно красный, зеленый и желтый цвета? Как устанавливают светофоры? Что из себя представлял самый первый светофор? Как устроен современный светофор? Редактор: Куркина Анна Автор сюжета: Юля Зиновьева Режиссер: Ольга Брызгалова

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