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чуйков
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сражение
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мемуары
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00:00:02
by the evening of September 12, we arrived at
00:00:04
the crossing in Krasnaya Sloboda, a
00:00:06
T-34 tank was loaded onto a motor ferry, a
00:00:09
second tank was being prepared for loading, my
00:00:11
car was not allowed in, I had to show the
00:00:13
documents of the commander of the Shisyat of the second
00:00:15
army, I introduced myself as the deputy
00:00:17
commander of the tank corps for
00:00:19
technical matters, I asked him
00:00:20
to outline the situation in Yesterday
00:00:23
evening he reported to his unit that there were about
00:00:25
40 tanks in the corps, only half of them are on the move, the
00:00:27
rest are knocked out but are used
00:00:29
as fixed firing points,
00:00:31
our ferry goes around the northern sandy spit of the
00:00:34
island hungry and heads to the
00:00:35
central pier, occasionally shells explode on the water,
00:00:38
the fire is not aimed, not We
00:00:40
are dangerously approaching the shore from a distance, you can see how
00:00:43
when our ferry approaches, the pier
00:00:45
is filled with people and force and craters and
00:00:47
shelters carry out the wounded, people appear
00:00:49
with bundles and suitcases, all of them, before the
00:00:52
ferry approached, were fleeing from the fire in cracks,
00:00:54
pits, bomb craters on [ __ ] faces,
00:00:57
dried streaks of dirt, tears mixed together with
00:00:59
dust,
00:01:00
children, exhausted by thirst, hunger, stretch their little
00:01:02
hands to the water, the heart tightens in the throat,
00:01:04
bitterness rises in someone, and our car
00:01:08
slipped off the ferry, I was informed at the
00:01:09
front headquarters that the headquarters of the 6th 2nd army
00:01:11
is located in the gully of the Tsarina River
00:01:13
not far from its mouth, the streets of the city
00:01:16
are dead, not a single green branch on the
00:01:18
trees everything was lost in the fire of fires, all that was left was a
00:01:21
pile of
00:01:22
ash, chimneys sticking out, many stone
00:01:25
houses, charred lawless doors with
00:01:28
collapsed ceilings,
00:01:29
occasionally we come across surviving buildings,
00:01:32
people were swarming around in them, pulling out bundles and
00:01:34
samovars, dishes, everyone was carrying the piers, we
00:01:38
drove along the banks of the Volga along the
00:01:39
railway to the mouth the queen
00:01:41
then along the beam to the Astrakhan bridge but they did
00:01:43
n’t find the command post, it was getting dark
00:01:45
not far from the station, they met the commander,
00:01:48
it turns out that this is the commissar of the sapper
00:01:50
unit, joy, the commissioner knows where the
00:01:52
army command post is,
00:01:53
putting him in the car, he took us to the
00:01:56
foot of his mound, leaving the
00:01:59
car on the mound, he climbed on foot
00:02:00
clinging in the dark to bushes and
00:02:01
some thorns,
00:02:02
finally the long-awaited shout of a sentry, stop
00:02:05
who is coming command post ravine of fresh
00:02:09
water you or the dugouts of Mamaev Kurgan
00:02:12
could I then assume that it
00:02:14
will become the place of the highest tension of the battles for
00:02:16
Stalingrad,
00:02:17
what is not here on this piece of land not a
00:02:20
single living place will remain, not dug up by the
00:02:22
explosions of shells and aerial bombs, for now this is
00:02:25
the end of my journey today, here is the
00:02:28
dugout of the chief of staff of the army, Nikolai
00:02:30
Ivanovich Karlov,
00:02:31
before this we had not met him and
00:02:33
were not acquainted, I knew the truth that he was
00:02:36
one of the leaders of the defense of Odessa and
00:02:37
Sevastopol there
00:02:38
were so many meetings on the roads of the war, both he
00:02:41
and I had such meetings, we
00:02:43
separated, and this meeting was
00:02:46
for the rest of our lives until that mournful
00:02:48
hour when I had the opportunity to see off
00:02:50
my dearest and dearest friend,
00:02:52
whom my long life gave me,
00:02:54
Nikolai Ivanovich, a Soviet Marshal
00:02:56
Union of the
00:02:57
commander of the strategic missile forces of the
00:02:58
Soviet Union
00:03:00
on his last journey to
00:03:02
Red Square, our friendship was
00:03:05
cemented not only by the battles for Stalingrad,
00:03:07
not only by the fact that we spent many
00:03:09
days and nights side by side under enemy fire,
00:03:11
but by the common bitterness of the loss of our comrades in arms,
00:03:13
and then
00:03:14
we still they didn’t know each other and didn’t
00:03:17
know whether we would converge in character at the
00:03:19
point where the course of events had placed us.
00:03:22
Krylov’s dugout is not a dugout in the
00:03:25
strict sense; a wide crack is
00:03:26
covered with brushwood and straw on top of
00:03:29
brushwood and straw; 10-20 centimeters of
00:03:31
earthen embankment
00:03:32
on one side of the cracks; an earthen bench on the
00:03:35
other side earthen bed earthen
00:03:37
table the ceiling is shaking from the explosions of
00:03:40
shells the Germans are already shelling the city and the
00:03:42
mound
00:03:43
methodical shelling in squares not yet
00:03:45
targeting targets on the table maps are laid out on them
00:03:47
earth is pouring in the dugout two general
00:03:50
wings with a telephone receiver in his hand and the
00:03:51
telephone operator on duty Elena batteries vich
00:03:54
blue-eyed girl about eighteen years old,
00:03:56
Krylov is interested in talking, his
00:03:59
voice sounds firm, loud, angry,
00:04:01
Makarevich sits at the entrance with two handsets
00:04:03
on his ears and answers someone, busy on
00:04:05
another phone, I take out the documents, I put
00:04:08
it in front of you, without stopping
00:04:10
counting someone out, he runs through the paper
00:04:12
with his eyes,
00:04:13
then finishes conversation and we say
00:04:14
hello in the poor light of the smokehouse,
00:04:17
I see an energetic, stern and at the same time
00:04:19
pleasant face,
00:04:21
you see, comrade commander says
00:04:23
Krylov, the commander of the tank corps, without
00:04:25
my permission, removed the command post from a
00:04:27
height of 100 75 and moved it to the very
00:04:30
bank of the Volga, in other words, the command
00:04:32
post of the formation now
00:04:35
this disgrace is behind us, I agree with him that
00:04:38
this is a disgrace, I don’t move to the table, every now
00:04:40
and then Makarevich’s phone calls are heard,
00:04:43
I pass the phone to Krylov,
00:04:45
he gives orders for
00:04:47
tomorrow, I listen, trying to understand the meaning of
00:04:50
the conversation, I decided not to disturb Krylov, listening to
00:04:53
him and at the same time studying his work
00:04:55
card from there are arrow marks on it, I want to get
00:04:57
abreast of the events that are happening, I feel that
00:05:01
he doesn’t have time for calm reports on the situation, I have to trust
00:05:03
the wing, you don’t disturb his actions, don’t
00:05:05
change his plans for tomorrow
00:05:06
because I still can’t
00:05:08
fix anything, even if that’s what
00:05:10
the Americans need they say time is money in the
00:05:12
conditions of those days, one could
00:05:14
say time is blood, because for lost
00:05:16
time we will have to pay with the blood of
00:05:18
our people. The
00:05:19
wings obviously understood my desire
00:05:22
during his telephone conversations, with a
00:05:24
sharp pencil he showed on the map
00:05:25
the area in question in
00:05:27
great detail with repetitions, the
00:05:29
commander explained the tasks in the tub,
00:05:32
thus in a combat situation, I
00:05:33
felt that we were finding a common language with
00:05:36
Nikolai Ivanovich, wing to you, we were
00:05:38
inseparable all the time of the battles for the city,
00:05:40
we lived in the same dugouts or sat together from the fields,
00:05:42
spruce trees together, we experienced all the
00:05:44
sorrows and joys, he was the chief of
00:05:46
staff of the army and my first deputy at
00:05:49
that difficult time we got to know each
00:05:51
other well and in assessing events, no matter how difficult
00:05:53
the situation was, we had no
00:05:55
differences and Nikolai Ivanovich especially valued the combat experience
00:05:58
and the knowledge gained in the defense of
00:06:00
Odessa and Sevastopol, his deep knowledge,
00:06:02
organizational talent, ability to work with
00:06:04
people exceptional honesty
00:06:06
responsiveness loyalty to duty these are the main
00:06:08
features of the communists Nikolai Ivanovich and
00:06:10
Krylova
00:06:11
I sent a telegram to the military council
00:06:14
of the front about my arrival at the place I joined the
00:06:16
command of the Shts 2 Army and got to
00:06:18
work first of all and decided to find out
00:06:21
why the commander of the tank corps
00:06:22
arbitrarily moved to the bank of the Volga
00:06:24
when there is an order not to take a step back and
00:06:26
asked to call him to the phone, the commander of the
00:06:29
tank corps reported to the apparatus,
00:06:31
both korevich, pass the phone to me,
00:06:33
identifying himself, I asked why he
00:06:35
moved without permission, changed his command
00:06:38
post, the general began to explain what caused
00:06:41
this and forced mortar fire, losses
00:06:43
in people, instability units subordinate to him
00:06:45
at the front for a number of other reasons, I
00:06:47
asked whether there was a connection with the
00:06:49
command post of the army headquarters when he
00:06:51
made such a decision, he answered I don’t
00:06:53
know, now I’ll find out, I ordered the general,
00:06:56
along with the commissar, to immediately come
00:06:57
to me at Mamayev Kurgan, a
00:07:01
divisional member of the military council of the army entered the dugout Commissar Kuzma
00:07:03
Akimovich Gurov said hello, we
00:07:05
knew each other and we had previously worked with Comrade Guru,
00:07:08
just like with Krylov,
00:07:10
if not in the same dugout then at
00:07:11
least
00:07:12
2-3 meters from each other, we met at an
00:07:15
observation post when analyzing the
00:07:16
situation and making decisions, he was firing
00:07:19
workers well versed in the
00:07:20
military situation, chalk to demand and
00:07:23
show himself how
00:07:24
political combat decisions and
00:07:26
operations are ensured; he knew very well all the
00:07:29
employees of the headquarters and commanders of the formations;
00:07:30
he knew and often recommended who
00:07:33
could be entrusted with what to entrust to the dugout and entered and
00:07:35
presented with the heads of departments of the headquarters and
00:07:37
their deputies soon I was informed of the
00:07:39
arrival of the commander and commissar of the tank
00:07:41
corps, I immediately invited
00:07:43
everyone into the dugout, detaining everyone who
00:07:45
was at the headquarters at the time, and asked
00:07:46
how you, a Soviet general, being the
00:07:49
head of a combat sector, would
00:07:51
look at it if your subordinate
00:07:52
commanders and staffs retreated to the rear without your
00:07:55
permission How do you evaluate
00:07:56
your action from the point of view of fulfilling
00:07:58
order number 227 of the People's Commissar of
00:08:01
Defense by unauthorized transfer of the command
00:08:03
post of the formation to the rear of the army command post
00:08:05
I did not receive answers to my questions
00:08:08
and the commander and commissar of the corps were
00:08:10
burning with shame, it was visible in their
00:08:12
eyes I sternly warned that
00:08:14
I regard their action as desertion
00:08:16
from the battlefield and ordered them
00:08:18
to be with the command post at height 107 on September 13 by four o'clock.
00:08:30
Gurov said
00:08:32
let's continue to do exactly this way at that
00:08:35
moment the deputy
00:08:36
commander of the front, General Golikov, arrived to us.
00:08:38
I was very glad to meet a little of
00:08:40
my Kurgan, during the hours of my
00:08:42
assumption of command of the US 2nd Army, we
00:08:45
often saw each other on the battlefield,
00:08:46
constantly traveling around at the front, he
00:08:49
knew very well the situation in all the armies, he
00:08:50
always looked at the situation sensibly and
00:08:53
frankly expressed his opinion during the
00:08:54
battles and the entire battle, and this time
00:08:57
Kolikov reported not valuable information,
00:08:58
Philip Ivanovich soon left, promising to
00:09:01
report to the military council of the front on the
00:09:02
need to help the army with several
00:09:04
fresh divisions, this is his the promise was
00:09:06
very opportune, since almost all the
00:09:08
formations of part 6 of the 2nd Army were greatly
00:09:10
weakened in previous battles, some
00:09:13
divisions included one two
00:09:15
hundred infantry fighters, Golikov understood that they would
00:09:17
not take the city with such forces. The
00:09:19
60th Army was drained of blood by the divisions
00:09:23
that were part of it in July and at the beginning of
00:09:25
August they were exsanguinated in battles still in the
00:09:27
big bend of the Don, from the old
00:09:29
rifle division there remained only the 112th
00:09:32
division and part of the 196th rifle division,
00:09:35
watching how the wings worked, getting to know
00:09:37
my deputies, by two o’clock in the
00:09:40
morning I had already thoroughly gotten into the swing of things,
00:09:41
although many details were not yet grabbed
00:09:44
the situation by the end of the day on September 12,
00:09:46
it turned out this way against troops 6 2 armies
00:09:49
advancing troops 6 field several
00:09:51
divisions 4 tank army of the enemy,
00:09:53
the rest of its units reached the Volga
00:09:55
north of the village of market south of the city
00:09:58
ukupor again our army was pressed to the
00:10:01
Volga from the front and flanks of a powerful horseshoe
00:10:03
fascist German troops in the north, the
00:10:05
section from Lotto Shinki to mark 135 and 4 was
00:10:08
occupied by the 16th Panzer Division of
00:10:10
the Nazis with a semicircular front to the
00:10:12
south and north to the
00:10:13
left from mark 135 and 4 to mark 147
00:10:17
and 6, occupied by the front to the south with
00:10:19
part of the forces of the 60th motorized division of
00:10:22
the enemy then these are marks 147 and 6
00:10:25
through one hundred 88 to height 129 one front
00:10:29
to the east stood the 389th infantry division from
00:10:32
height 129 one including the fortification there
00:10:35
was located the 100th light infantry division
00:10:37
these four divisions with
00:10:39
reinforcements occupied a front stretching
00:10:41
about 20 kilometers but
00:10:43
apparently did not show much activity they were
00:10:46
pretty tattered and in previous battles they were
00:10:48
replenished and temporarily went over to the defense
00:10:50
to the south, including the settlement of the Alexandrov
00:10:53
hospital, on a front stretching about
00:10:54
six kilometers, a
00:10:55
strike group of three
00:10:57
infantry divisions 295 94 71 with large
00:11:02
means of reinforcement and 24 tank
00:11:04
divisions operated in the direction and strike through the Mamayev
00:11:07
Kurgan and central station to the
00:11:08
central crosses on the section of mark
00:11:11
147 5 suburb of Minina
00:11:13
vitriol on and on a front stretching 6
00:11:15
kilometers, a southern strike
00:11:17
group consisting of three divisions of the 29th
00:11:20
motorized 14th tank German and 20th
00:11:23
Romanian infantry divisions operated in the direction of
00:11:26
attack directly to the east with the task of reaching the
00:11:28
Volga for the nearest reserves The
00:11:31
last reconnaissance of the enemy was in the Gumrak area,
00:11:33
one division and in the Vera Panova Karpovka area,
00:11:36
Malaya Raz Sashka, two three divisions, the entire
00:11:39
group consisting of the
00:11:41
enemy’s 9th division with reinforcements and the
00:11:42
Stekel group advancing against the second
00:11:45
army were supported by the fourth air
00:11:47
fleet, which had about a thousand
00:11:48
active aircraft of all types, the
00:11:51
immediate task of this entire powerful
00:11:53
group of German fascist troops
00:11:54
was simply to take the city and go to the Volga,
00:11:57
that is, to march five to ten
00:11:59
kilometers in battle and reset the
00:12:01
number of divisions and brigades included from the
00:12:03
remaining second army does not give a
00:12:04
correct complete picture of the
00:12:06
numerical strength of the force and and troops,
00:12:08
for example, one tank brigade on the morning of
00:12:10
September 14 had only one tank, two
00:12:13
other tank brigades found themselves
00:12:14
without tanks at all and were soon transferred to the
00:12:16
left bank to form a combined
00:12:19
detachment from different brigades and divisions on the evening of
00:12:21
September 14
00:12:22
had about 200 bayonets, that
00:12:24
is, less than one of a full-time battalion, the
00:12:26
strength of the neighboring 244th
00:12:29
Infantry Division did not exceed one and a half
00:12:31
thousand people, and the bayonets of the divisions were no
00:12:34
more than one full-time battalion; the 42nd
00:12:36
Infantry Brigade had 666 people and no
00:12:39
more than two hundred bayonets; 35th Guards
00:12:42
Division of Colonel Dubensky on the left
00:12:44
flank no more than 250 bayonets; a
00:12:50
tank corps of the same composition under the command of
00:12:52
General Popov
00:12:53
had 40 to 50 tanks in its brigades, of
00:12:56
which 30 percent were knocked out and were
00:12:57
used as firing points, only
00:13:00
one division of Colonel Sarajevo, up to 3
00:13:02
separate rifle brigades were
00:13:04
staffed more or less normally,
00:13:07
63 armies had no ulnar communication with their
00:13:09
neighbors on the right and left, our flanks
00:13:11
rested in debt; if the Germans could
00:13:14
fly from 1000 to 3000 sorties per day,
00:13:16
then our aviation
00:13:18
could not support it so intensively
00:13:19
and respond to them with even one tenth of
00:13:22
sorties; the enemy firmly
00:13:24
held superiority in the air;
00:13:26
partly our
00:13:27
anti-aircraft artillery was defeated the enemy
00:13:29
partially retreated to the left bank of the Volga
00:13:31
from where it could cover the river and a narrow
00:13:33
strip along the right bank on the right
00:13:36
bank there remained a small number of
00:13:37
batteries; however, from September 13,
00:13:40
1079 and 748 anti-aircraft regiments took part in battles with enemy aircraft; an
00:13:46
artillery group of Colonel Ershov was created,
00:13:49
but this was not That’s why,
00:13:51
from dawn to dark, fascist planes
00:13:53
hovered over the city
00:13:54
above our battle formations above the Volga,
00:13:57
watching the action of enemy aircraft,
00:13:59
we noticed that fascist pilots are not
00:14:01
distinguished by their bombing accuracy, they
00:14:03
bomb our front line only where there
00:14:05
are wide neutral strips, that is, a
00:14:07
sufficient distance between ours and
00:14:09
enemy forward positions,
00:14:11
this gave us the idea to reduce the
00:14:14
neutral zones to the limit before throwing a
00:14:16
grenade, but first of all it was necessary to
00:14:18
raise the morale of the army and this task had to be
00:14:20
solved immediately;
00:14:22
combat losses; waste; lack of
00:14:24
ammunition and food; difficulties with
00:14:26
replenishment of people and equipment; all this had a
00:14:28
negative impact on the
00:14:29
morale of the troops, some had a
00:14:31
desire to quickly leave across the Volga to escape
00:14:33
from the heat of the
00:14:34
party organization, the political department of the
00:14:37
army sought to raise the morale of the
00:14:38
soldiers,
00:14:39
my military assistants and friends did a lot, the
00:14:41
divisional commissar of the Boers, the
00:14:43
generals of the wings and Pozharsky colonel
00:14:45
Vitkov, the brigade commissar Vasiliev and
00:14:47
other commanders and political workers of the units
00:14:50
We realized that for the city we would fight to the
00:14:52
last man to the last
00:14:53
bullet. We gathered a military council of the army.
00:14:57
The military council first of all outlined a
00:14:59
number of measures
00:15:01
without which it was impossible to continue
00:15:03
the battle. We needed to strengthen
00:15:05
the mood among the personnel that it was
00:15:07
no longer possible to retreat anywhere, that
00:15:09
the enemy must to be defeated,
00:15:11
the battle for the city as the last frontier
00:15:13
must be merciless for the enemy and
00:15:15
we, Soviet soldiers, at the call of the party, on the
00:15:17
orders of the people, must defend it and
00:15:19
die 3 ways we do not have this task as the
00:15:23
first event was transferred through
00:15:25
commanders and political workers to all
00:15:27
personnel by the party
00:15:28
Komsomol organizations, the military
00:15:31
council of the army decided at large
00:15:33
enterprises of the city to create armed detachments from workers and
00:15:34
employees
00:15:37
that could, together with
00:15:38
army troops and even without them, defend
00:15:41
these factories and factories, we gave them weapons and
00:15:43
other equipment on an equal basis with the troops,
00:15:45
workers and employees repaired,
00:15:47
restored damaged or disabled
00:15:49
equipment under the blows of bombs and
00:15:50
shells,
00:15:51
such paramilitary detachments
00:15:52
turned into companies and battalions were
00:15:54
of course created by agreement under the
00:15:57
leadership of Soviet party
00:15:58
organizations; the military council prohibited
00:16:01
any unauthorized withdrawal of occupied
00:16:03
positions without the knowledge of the army commander,
00:16:05
chief of staff; the military council made a
00:16:08
decision to the commander of staff armies to
00:16:10
remain on the right bank in
00:16:12
Stalingrad
00:16:13
and on the left bank or to the islands in
00:16:15
no case to leave these decisions of the
00:16:18
military council were communicated to every
00:16:19
soldier
00:16:20
they were discussed at party and
00:16:21
Komsomol meetings at the same time we
00:16:24
needed to start
00:16:25
reforming some parts of
00:16:27
the army in the army there was not a single
00:16:29
formation of any unit that was at
00:16:33
least half staffed with personnel or equipment; therefore,
00:16:36
during the September battles of the reign of
00:16:38
some brigade divisions, you were
00:16:39
taken to the left bank of the Volga to
00:16:41
form some disparate
00:16:44
units were united into new formations,
00:16:45
but this was not withdrawal to the left bank of
00:16:48
the Volga, these measures were dictated by military
00:16:50
necessity, by two o'clock in the morning on
00:16:53
September 13, the military council of the army completed the
00:16:55
development of an action plan for the next
00:16:56
two or three days, do you ever eat
00:17:00
or so bypasses I asked Krylov
00:17:02
and Dedeman and once answered for
00:17:05
our adjutant Gurov and got some
00:17:07
canned bread and iced tea somewhere,
00:17:09
having a snack, we went to bed each from the
00:17:11
same think what the coming day has in
00:17:13
store for us, we decided first of all to
00:17:16
protect the crossing from
00:17:18
enemy artillery fire, for this it was necessary to
00:17:20
the right, we were on the left flank of the flanks go
00:17:23
to a tough defense and in the center, with private attacks, occupy the Razgulyaev
00:17:26
crossing and the railway running from it to the
00:17:28
southwest until the sharp
00:17:30
turn to Gumrak,
00:17:31
this would allow you to apply damage in the
00:17:33
center and, relying on the railway
00:17:35
embankment as an anti-tank barrier,
00:17:37
subsequently occupy the
00:17:39
Alexandrovna settlement To carry out this task, a
00:17:43
tank corps was intended,
00:17:44
reinforced by infantry units with the
00:17:46
support of the bulk of the
00:17:48
army's artillery. On September 13, regroup 14
00:17:52
to attack, but the enemy was ahead of us early
00:17:55
in the morning, we were awakened by
00:17:56
intense enemy artillery fire
00:17:57
and bombing. At 6:30
00:18:00
from the Razgulya area to the Nazis went on the
00:18:02
offensive with the forces of the 40th infantry division. With
00:18:05
50 tanks, the direction of the attack was through the air
00:18:08
town to the central station and Mamayev
00:18:09
Kurgan on both flanks of our army,
00:18:12
the enemy limited himself to pinning
00:18:14
actions, attacking with one battalion the
00:18:16
battle formations of the northern rifle brigade
00:18:18
on the Q&A Eagles on the left wing, throwing
00:18:20
separate battalions at the positions of one of
00:18:22
our combined regiments in the center and on the
00:18:25
left wing of the army, the battle lasted
00:18:27
all day, the opponents of the water and reserves
00:18:30
developed an offensive, he literally
00:18:31
bombarded our battle formations with outfits
00:18:33
named after him, aviation hung over the
00:18:36
battlefield from Mamayev Kurgan, the
00:18:39
battlefield and air battles were clearly visible before
00:18:42
our eyes, about a dozen of
00:18:44
ours and the enemy’s aircraft were engulfed in flames
00:18:46
were called into the ground despite the stubborn
00:18:48
resistance of Soviet ground troops and
00:18:50
aviation, the enemy, thanks to his
00:18:52
numerical superiority, had the upper hand;
00:18:54
we assessed these enemy actions as
00:18:56
combat reconnaissance; his offensive with the main
00:18:58
forces was to be expected in a day or two,
00:19:00
and our command post, located at the
00:19:02
very top of the Mamayev Kurgan,
00:19:04
rained down mines and shells and bombs of
00:19:05
the enemy, I worked in the same pancake with
00:19:08
the wingman
00:19:09
and from time to time I went out with him
00:19:11
to the stereo pipe to observe the progress of
00:19:13
the battle,
00:19:14
several dugouts were destroyed, there were
00:19:16
losses in the personnel of the army headquarters, and every
00:19:19
now and then the wire communication wires were broken;
00:19:21
the radio center was working with large and frequent
00:19:23
interruptions,
00:19:25
all the signalmen were sent to restore communications, even the telephonists on duty
00:19:28
in our dugout constantly
00:19:30
left their phones and crawled to look for and
00:19:31
correct damage on the line for the whole
00:19:34
day on September 13, not only
00:19:36
was I able to talk with the front commander once,
00:19:37
I briefly reported to him the situation and asked
00:19:40
in the next 24 hours to give me 2 3 fresh
00:19:42
divisions to repel enemy attacks,
00:19:44
despite all the efforts of our signalmen,
00:19:47
by 16 o’clock communication with the troops had almost
00:19:49
ceased; by this time the situation was not
00:19:51
very comforting, although the
00:19:53
enemy battalion advancing from the north
00:19:55
on the eagles was destroyed by the 115th Infantry
00:19:57
brigade in the center of the army, our unit,
00:20:00
having suffered losses, was forced to move
00:20:01
east to the western edge of the forest
00:20:03
west of the barricade village and the village of
00:20:05
Red October,
00:20:06
the Nazis captured height 126 and 3 air
00:20:09
town and hospital on the left wing, our
00:20:12
combined regiment left the MTS eastern
00:20:14
stations Sadovaya
00:20:15
on the remaining sections of the front, separate
00:20:18
the attacks were repulsed by 16
00:20:20
enemy tanks before nightfall. I
00:20:22
had to decide
00:20:24
whether to carry out the plan with an active defense
00:20:26
developed and adopted the day before, or
00:20:28
given the enemy’s offensive that had begun,
00:20:31
it was impossible to hesitate to move on to more decisive actions because
00:20:34
you could only regroup the troops
00:20:35
under the cover of darkness
00:20:37
during the day. due to enemy air raids it
00:20:39
was impossible to do this, we decided
00:20:41
to counterattack in order to get ahead of the
00:20:43
enemy, the start of the counterattack was
00:20:45
scheduled for the early morning of September 14, we
00:20:48
understood that the army’s capabilities were very
00:20:50
limited and could not allocate large
00:20:51
forces for the counterattack, but we were sure that the
00:20:54
enemy knew this well and least of all
00:20:56
expects our active actions,
00:20:57
I remembered Suvorov’s principle
00:21:00
9, which means winning a quick victory, we did
00:21:02
not expect to surprise the enemy and
00:21:04
mix up his cards; it was
00:21:06
important for us to have a sudden counterattack and at least
00:21:08
partially and temporarily deprive him of
00:21:09
the initiative; the order for a counterattack was
00:21:12
sent to troops at 22:30 minutes he
00:21:15
determined the specific task of each unit
00:21:17
38 motorized rifle brigade with a reinforced
00:21:19
company of motorized rifles and committed to the March
00:21:21
division advances in the direction of the village of
00:21:23
Yulka east of Razgulyaevka, the
00:21:25
Sarajevo division with the forces of one stick counterattacks the
00:21:27
enemy in the direction of heights 126 and 3
00:21:29
and then height 144 3 combined regiment from
00:21:33
different parts of the army jump off Zankov's
00:21:35
brigade counterattacks in the direction
00:21:37
of the air town the T-150 37 the separate 42nd
00:21:40
rifle brigade is
00:21:42
ready to assist in the counterattack with a
00:21:44
strike in the direction of the hospital and height
00:21:45
150 37
00:21:48
all units taking part in the
00:21:51
counterattack were ordered to interact
00:21:52
with each other, ensuring reliable communication between themselves, the
00:21:55
rest of the army must firmly
00:21:57
hold their occupied positions The counterattack lines
00:22:00
will be supported by 3
00:22:01
anti-tank
00:22:02
artillery regiments, 3 artillery
00:22:04
regiments of the RGK and three regiments of
00:22:06
guards Katyusha mortars. The day spent on
00:22:09
Mamayev Kurgan showed that it is impossible to control
00:22:11
troops from this command post; there is a
00:22:12
continuous disruption of communications
00:22:15
due to shelling and the loss of control over the
00:22:16
troops decided to move the command
00:22:19
post army in the gully of the Tsaritsa River on the
00:22:21
Mamayev Kurgan there remained an army
00:22:23
observation post for the transition to the
00:22:25
army command post, we had
00:22:26
permission from the front headquarters two days
00:22:28
before that these were critical days for the
00:22:31
troops of the 6th 2nd Army of all troops defending
00:22:33
Stalingrad, a counter-strike that was aimed from
00:22:36
the north and also at the beginning of September 5, 15, the
00:22:38
troops of the First Guards 24 66
00:22:41
Army against Stalingrad to
00:22:43
connect with the steel city themselves did not
00:22:45
carry out a new counter-attack by the adjacent
00:22:47
flanks of the First Guards 24 Army from the
00:22:50
area of ​​the Kotlu Banya for the same purpose,
00:22:52
only on September 18 the forces of the 62
00:22:55
Army were broken in previous battles, an
00:22:57
urgent reinforcement of the army with
00:22:59
fresh divisions was required to stop the
00:23:01
enemy from surrendering the city, to withdraw from
00:23:03
it many of the units and formations
00:23:04
that had lost their
00:23:06
combat effectiveness. September 13, 1942
00:23:10
was the beginning of the period of the
00:23:11
bloodiest and most persistent battle,
00:23:14
which went down in history as the defense of
00:23:15
Stalingrad,
00:23:16
which lasted until November 19 that is, before the
00:23:18
transition of the Soviet troops to
00:23:20
the counter-offensive, this defensive
00:23:22
battle for the troops defending
00:23:24
Stalingrad, especially for the troops of the entire Second
00:23:26
Army, was a continuous mortal
00:23:28
battle without operational pauses and without
00:23:30
night lulls as it stands and on the other
00:23:32
side of the defense 6 2nd Army was not
00:23:35
passive for a minute there was an attacking
00:23:37
defense that did not give respite to the
00:23:39
advancing enemy on September 13, the
00:23:42
maximum distance separating the
00:23:44
enemy from the Volga River was no more than
00:23:46
ten kilometers, and the city of Stalingrad itself,
00:23:48
stretching along the Volga for 35-40
00:23:50
kilometers, had a maximum width of
00:23:52
about
00:23:53
5 kilometers to capture the city of
00:23:55
Stalingrad and its main
00:23:57
northern factory part of the enemy needed to
00:24:00
glitchly go no more than ten kilometers,
00:24:02
but then something happened that no one expected, the
00:24:04
fascist troops
00:24:07
could not overcome these ten kilometers, despite the fact that
00:24:09
Hitler abandoned the battle for this city with
00:24:11
his best forces superior to the
00:24:13
defending forces several times the whole
00:24:16
world with bated breath the
00:24:17
whole world followed this battle the whole world called the
00:24:19
battle of Stalingrad a miracle here are
00:24:21
brief excerpts from the American and
00:24:23
English newspapers in the issue dated November 27
00:24:26
September the American newspaper new york
00:24:28
herald tribune wrote in the unimaginable
00:24:32
chaos of raging fires thick smoke
00:24:34
exploding bombs destroyed buildings
00:24:36
dead bodies the defenders of the city defended
00:24:39
it with terrible determination not only
00:24:41
to die if necessary, not only
00:24:43
to defend where necessary, but also to attack where
00:24:45
possible, does not consider his
00:24:48
friends from his city as victims, such battles do not
00:24:50
lend themselves to strategic calculation,
00:24:52
are fought with burning hatred, with a passion
00:24:54
that London did not know even in the most
00:24:56
difficult days of German air raids
00:24:58
but it is precisely such battles that win the war, the
00:25:02
English newspaper Reynolds News on
00:25:05
September 29, regarding the defense of Stalingrad,
00:25:07
noted for the second time in the course of one
00:25:10
generation, Stalingrad became a symbol of the will of the
00:25:12
Russian people to live 24 years ago,
00:25:15
the reactionaries who tried to destroy the
00:25:17
young Soviet republic were themselves
00:25:20
destroyed on the banks of the Volga, today even
00:25:23
worse despotism requires bloody victims
00:25:25
on the streets of the city that withstands the
00:25:27
most ambitious attacks in the history of wars and
00:25:29
under Stalingrad will live forever the
00:25:32
heroism of the armed Russian people
00:25:34
the art of Russian commanders will be
00:25:36
admired throughout the free
00:25:38
world we have every right to admire
00:25:41
Stalingrad

Description:

Мемуары одного из величайших полководцев Великой Отечественной Войны - Чуйкова Василия Ивановича, человека, который командовал обороной Сталинграда, и который, несмотря на практическую невозможность этого, смог его отстоять. Разумеется, это подвиг каждого солдата и офицера, что защищали Сталинград, но без Чуйкова, его харизмы, его профессионализма и неистощимой изобретательности - Сталинград вряд ли бы выстоял. Впоследствии, прославленный командарм 62-й армии генерал Чуйков командовал этой же армией, которая за бои в Сталинграде получила звание гвардейской и стала 8-й гвардейской армией, до самого конца войны. Армия Чуйкова брала Берлин, где ей очень пригодился опыт Сталинградских боёв, и именно поэтому штурм такого большого и хорошо укреплённого города был проведён так быстро.

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