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Download "Au coeur des organes : L’œil et la vision"

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Video tags

Cerveau
Inserm
Recherche médicale
Vision
Neurosciences
Oeil
Organe des sens
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Subtitles

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00:00:01
the light coming from the objects
00:00:04
around us enters our eyes it
00:00:07
passes through a set of
00:00:08
transparent media the cornea the aqueous humor
00:00:12
the lens then the vitreous humor it
00:00:16
will then form an image on the retina
00:00:21
the quantity of light which enters
00:00:24
the eye is controlled by the opening of
00:00:26
the pupil delimited by the iris
00:00:30
it is the iris which gives its color to
00:00:31
the eye so that the image formed on the
00:00:35
retina is very clear muscles
00:00:37
can pull on the lens and
00:00:39
modify its shape we speak
00:00:41
of accommodation
00:00:45
the interior of the eye appears black
00:00:48
when we look at it from the outside because
00:00:50
a pigmented envelope covers it
00:00:51
it is the choroid the outermost membrane
00:00:55
of the eye and white is hard
00:00:57
it is the sclera
00:01:02
when light arrives on the retina
00:01:04
it triggers chemical reactions
00:01:06
in certain nerve cells the
00:01:08
photoreceptors there are two types of
00:01:14
photoreceptors the cones and rods
00:01:19
the cones are less sensitive to
00:01:21
light than the rods at night they
00:01:24
are mainly the rods which are
00:01:25
activated however the rods alone do
00:01:28
not allow colors to be distinguished
00:01:29
and visual acuity is low
00:01:35
the cones allow much
00:01:37
greater acuity but are only activated
00:01:40
when the brightness is sufficient
00:01:42
they allow colors to be distinguished
00:01:44
each type of
00:01:47
colored light active more or less the three
00:01:49
different types of cones present in
00:01:50
the retina
00:01:54
the chemical reactions taking place in
00:01:56
the cones and rods leads to the
00:01:58
creation of nervous messages which
00:02:00
propagate in the optic nerve
00:02:01
these are signs or of an
00:02:03
electrical nature whose frequency corresponds
00:02:06
to kobe ​​information these
00:02:11
nervous messages take the visual pathways
00:02:13
to reach the occipital visual cortex
00:02:15
the rear part of the brain
00:02:18
which processes visual information
00:02:21
the nervous messages coming from the
00:02:24
temporal parts of each retina propagate
00:02:26
without changing the cerebral hemisphere the
00:02:31
nervous messages coming from the parts nasal
00:02:33
of each retina cross at the level
00:02:35
of the optical break and join the
00:02:38
occipital visual cortex of the
00:02:41
opposite cerebral hemisphere during their journey the
00:02:44
nervous messages because from one
00:02:46
nerve fiber to another at the level of
00:02:48
junction zones called synapses there the
00:02:52
electrical signals which arrive from the art
00:02:54
is it generates the release of
00:02:56
chemical substances called which will
00:02:58
have transmitter which cross
00:03:00
the space between the two nerve fibers
00:03:01
and which attaches to receptors of
00:03:04
complementary shapes
00:03:09
this fixation leads to the birth of
00:03:11
new signals on the fibers connected to the
00:03:13
cortex
00:03:16
the occipital visual cortex is made up
00:03:19
of different areas specialized in
00:03:21
the processing of nervous messages according to
00:03:24
the frequency of the electrical signals
00:03:26
generated by the photoreceptors chaker
00:03:28
interprets a characteristic of
00:03:31
the image observed shapes colors
00:03:33
movements these different areas
00:03:36
communicate between they and the brain
00:03:38
then carry out a global interpretation
00:03:42
what we call vision is therefore a
00:03:45
cerebral interpretation of
00:03:47
electrical signals thus the same image can
00:03:51
be interpreted differently
00:03:52
in different individuals who have
00:03:55
not had the same experiences or in
00:03:57
the same person at
00:03:59
different times in his life

Description:

Comment se forment les images dans notre cerveau ? À l’origine, il y a de la lumière, celle que nous renvoient les objets qui nous entourent. Elle pénètre dans nos yeux à travers le cristallin. Mais comment les informations lumineuses sont-elles captées, interprétées et transmises ? Et au fait, voyons-nous tous la même chose ? Film réalisé par Marc Desenne extrait du site Corpus. Avec le soutien de l'investissement d'avenir (Estim). Durée : 4 min. 11 sec. Retrouvez tous nos films sur http://www.serimedis.inserm.fr

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