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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
On June 22, at exactly 4 o'clock,00:00:03
Kiev was bombed; they told us that00:00:07
the war had begun and what was the first minute of the war;00:00:11
what do we know about June 22, 1941?00:00:29
unknown June 22, 1941 and dance00:00:36
bones00:00:37
author of the cycle little-known great00:00:39
Russian military historian Candidate of00:00:42
Historical Sciences00:00:43
senior researcher at the Institute of00:00:45
Military History of the Ministry of Defense00:00:47
of the Russian Federation00:00:48
Alexey Valerievich Isaev hello00:00:50
Alexey Valerievich hello Alexey00:00:53
Valerievich when we were preparing for this00:00:55
issue you remembered a painting by a00:00:58
contemporary artist in Krasnodar00:01:00
artist Valentina folder I didn’t even00:01:03
dream of00:01:04
where such a married couple was clearly sleeping in a00:01:08
cradle, a baby in the yard there was a00:01:10
stunned, obviously elderly woman standing and00:01:14
looking and the whole sky was black from German00:01:17
planes there were so many of them that it seemed the00:01:21
earth was just sagging in the cinema they really00:01:24
like to show how on June 2200:01:27
the Red Army soldiers and commanders,00:01:29
some in their underwear, some buttoning up their00:01:31
tunics, running,00:01:33
trying to find weapons, all complete00:01:36
surprise, bombing, shelling, taken by00:01:40
surprise, vile attack00:01:43
and all the horrors of a sudden blow like this,00:01:47
very cinematically,00:01:49
scantily clad soldiers go on the attack, what we do00:01:53
n’t know, but June 22, 1941 is generally one00:02:04
of the most interesting The question00:02:05
is when the first shots of00:02:10
the war were fired and the answer to it is not so simple00:02:16
because the answer is at 4 am in Moscow when00:02:21
the Germans began artillery preparation00:02:23
or even before that when, for example,00:02:28
they fired at Soviet border guards00:02:32
standing on the border bridges, this one00:02:36
will still be wrong and the first00:02:40
shots were fired already at night and the00:02:46
first shots can be called00:02:48
such a duel of a kind00:02:51
between the German minelayer me of00:02:57
the problem of preservation and the Soviet00:03:01
patrol plane00:03:03
which exchanged several00:03:05
machine gun bursts and this can be00:03:09
called the first shots of the Great00:03:13
Patriotic War in general and where was this episode it’s in the00:03:16
Baltic the thing is that the Germans,00:03:21
planning an attack on the Soviet Union,00:03:25
of course, the main task was an00:03:30
operation carried out by three army groups with00:03:33
ground forces, but the00:03:37
German Navy also received its task,00:03:40
basically these tasks boiled down to00:03:43
blocking the Soviet fleet at00:03:46
its bases,00:03:48
blocking it with00:03:49
minefields and for this purpose even before On June 22,00:03:59
detachments of minelayers came to the Finnish skerries and on the00:04:03
night of June 21-22 they went out to sea and00:04:09
began to lay mines, and mines were left00:04:12
not only by German minelayers but00:04:16
also by Finnish ones, that is, it is actually dark and00:04:21
of course they are trying to say that00:04:24
it was on June 25,00:04:25
but de facto the first actions00:04:29
that can be regarded as the00:04:33
film’s participation in hostilities on the side of the00:04:35
Germans were precisely the00:04:37
laying of mines, and moreover, the00:04:41
Finns were allowed if they came across a00:04:49
Soviet battleship from among the example of a submarine. the00:04:52
dreadnoughts were still built by the Tsar, then it was00:04:54
allowed to attack it, by the way,00:05:00
the possibility of Pearl Harbor was also not00:05:04
excluded, usually they say that the00:05:08
fleet met this00:05:12
statement fully armed and is not entirely accurate because,00:05:17
firstly, despite the fact that00:05:21
instructions were sent to the fleet earlier than the districts of the00:05:27
special districts However, following the00:05:32
warning that there might be a00:05:34
German attack,00:05:37
a telegram was sent which said that there was00:05:40
no need to succumb to provocations,00:05:42
so the Soviet fleet was mainly saved by the fact00:05:46
that it was not the priority goal of the00:05:50
Germans to arrange Pearl Harbor, of course they00:05:55
could also make a00:05:56
surprise attack this sudden00:05:58
attack here must be very carefully00:06:03
handed out these value judgments00:06:06
regarding the fact that the army slept through everything, the00:06:09
fleet did not sleep, for00:06:10
that matter, now,00:06:14
thanks to open documents, it has become clear,00:06:19
for example, the fact that German00:06:23
submariners on the night of June 21-22 in the00:06:27
Tallinn roadstead they discovered the00:06:29
battleship October Revolution and the commander of the00:06:33
submarine detachment,00:06:34
Captain Birnbacher, asked by radio for00:06:37
permission to attack,00:06:39
they were allowed, but Birnbacher did not receive this signal,00:06:43
he asked the base several times but the00:06:47
answer for him was not received, not in fact,00:06:50
only this happy coincidence of00:06:53
circumstances saved00:06:55
Well, maybe, of course, not from fatal00:06:58
damage, but from a surprise attack by the00:07:01
Soviet battleship of the October Revolution,00:07:03
so she could have remained in the valley forever00:07:08
on her own, these mine laying,00:07:11
of course, brought a lot of00:07:14
trouble and 1 explosion came up00:07:18
already on June 22, and I must also say00:07:23
that the laying of a meme there were also00:07:27
planes and planes flew through00:07:30
Finland, that is, they landed at the00:07:33
jump airfield in Finland and then00:07:36
there, in reverse, East Prussia00:07:39
dropped mines, namely non-contact mines00:07:44
fairway Kara States, it was just one00:07:49
of these mines that was blown up by the Estonian00:07:51
transport Rukh on and first They didn’t even00:07:54
understand that it was a mine and the00:07:58
first version was just don’t be surprised, it was00:08:02
sabotage on the part of the Estonian crew,00:08:04
that in order to block the fairway in one00:08:09
word, and the naval war, it also00:08:11
started out quite peculiar, and00:08:13
finishing the topic of the Finns, it must be said about00:08:19
the landing of saboteurs, that is,00:08:21
saboteurs were abandoned on Soviet territory with00:08:23
the help of Henkel flying boats00:08:26
and the00:08:29
detachment was sent late in the evening on June 2200:08:35
but was landed in the morning on June 23, well, there00:08:43
was no special effect from these actions,00:08:44
but nevertheless, the participation of the Finns in the war00:08:51
with the USSR essentially began broadcasting. On June 22,00:08:57
they carried out an operation regatta the code00:09:00
name of the operation of the Athenian fleet00:09:03
to buy the Aland Islands and they were00:09:06
demilitarized and as part of the actions of the00:09:16
Finnish armed forces on the side of the00:09:19
Germans this was an operation00:09:22
guys that actually began00:09:25
even a few hours before the start of00:09:27
Barbarossa, a rather peculiar00:09:31
story was on the Black Sea, they00:09:35
usually talk about that they bombed00:09:39
Sevastopol00:09:41
is not entirely accurate because, firstly,00:09:48
just like in the Baltic, the00:09:50
German command’s plan00:09:52
provided for00:09:54
blocking the Soviet fleet with mines,00:09:56
this time also not00:09:58
contact mines that were dropped00:10:02
near Sevastopol, but here is exactly the00:10:06
case when a00:10:08
warning was triggered when the lights in Sevastopol were simply00:10:13
turned off there was a complete00:10:17
blackout of the city and the German Henkel and00:10:20
111 with us not in contact, they dropped them00:10:25
by dead reckoning and in the end 1 or 2 2 minutes and00:10:30
fell on the shore and there they exploded from00:10:33
the self-destructor and this really00:10:37
was regarded as a bombing00:10:39
although in fact it was not bombing00:10:41
about the installation of mines and it must be said that00:10:45
the laying of mines was so00:10:49
demonstrative, they were going to scare us,00:10:53
if we call a spade a spade, that00:10:55
is, they00:10:56
were going to scare the Soviet fleet by dropping a mine, that the00:11:00
Soviet fleet would sit in the bases and00:11:03
for the Germans it was a big surprise that the00:11:05
Soviet fleet was not afraid, the dropped00:11:09
mines were indicated the markers were the protection of the00:11:12
water area, which indicated the00:11:16
names were dropped, they were simply bypassed,00:11:19
of course, not in the first days of the war,00:11:22
demagnetization had not yet taken place, but Soviet00:11:26
specialists actually knew very well00:11:27
that there were proximity00:11:31
mines and therefore it was simply not possible to scare the wild Russians with the00:11:36
miraculous technique00:11:38
and this was caused a great00:11:40
disappointment to the00:11:42
German command, on the other hand,00:11:50
of course, the Soviet fleet00:11:53
also began to build quite hastily, put its00:11:56
minefields on the Black Sea behind the00:11:59
hay and the fact that, for example, the00:12:01
Italian fleet would enter the Black Sea, but this in00:12:05
fact, as we know, did not happen; the00:12:11
mines were laid, even rather by ourselves00:12:14
They interfered with themselves to a greater extent than the enemy00:12:17
because the naval enemy appeared on the00:12:20
Black Sea only in 1942.00:12:23
Regarding mining, these00:12:25
contactless mines all the time there was00:12:27
a film like a Soviet allegro with fire,00:12:30
it’s very dramatic, such a volume of00:12:33
how this design was studied with00:12:36
a lot of protection against deciphering the00:12:41
mechanisms and gram, this is very00:12:45
tragic chemistry advice to young people, I00:12:48
remember the film there sentry, which00:12:52
he stood for some time, the feelings of everything at the00:12:54
resort dew to the front and then looking00:12:58
at how, one after another, these mines are00:13:00
destroying people, he said no, I00:13:03
can’t be here it’s better to go to the front somewhere than00:13:07
here, in fact, it all has00:13:09
real prototypes, that is, the film00:13:11
allegro with fire, of course it does not exactly00:13:14
reproduce what happened, but it is based00:13:19
on real events in the best sense00:13:21
of the word and it really00:13:27
took some effort,00:13:29
but this effort brought positive results00:13:32
the results of pinning down the Soviet fleet did not00:13:35
work out,00:13:41
ending with the fleet a few words about Lipaja, a00:13:47
naval base that was built00:13:49
under the Tsar00:13:52
in 1790, 1905, called a port and00:13:57
changed by Emperor Alexander III00:13:59
as the forward base of the Baltic fleet with the00:14:05
entry into the Soviet Union of the00:14:07
Baltic republics, Russian ships00:14:11
returned to Liepāja and in fact, of00:14:15
course, it was a little close to the border;00:14:20
no one, of course, had any idea00:14:22
how quickly events would develop,00:14:24
but there is such a legend that00:14:27
large reserves were concentrated,00:14:31
that this was actually00:14:35
evidence that the Soviet Union00:14:37
was planning to attack where, in00:14:41
fact, that’s all complete nonsense if you00:14:45
look at the real documents, then00:14:50
as of March 1, 1941, out of the almost 1300:14:53
thousand sea mines that were in stock of00:14:58
his Baltic Fleet, the linden was a00:15:01
drum roll of four hundred and ninety-three00:15:03
pieces, that is, their absolutely miniscule00:15:05
quantity, the main fuel reserves for00:15:08
the ships remained in the00:15:09
Kronstadt area and at the naval base, therefore,00:15:11
this is all a rather irresponsible00:15:15
statement of a fairy tale about the fact that the linden I00:15:17
was there was full of submarines, there00:15:19
were simply repair capacities of the plant with00:15:22
Mari, indeed, in view of the00:15:25
growth of the Soviet Navy,00:15:29
these capacities were used to the00:15:31
fullest and therefore the submarines were under repair the00:15:37
boats, not all of them were00:15:40
capable, then one of them suffered a00:15:43
happy tragic fate when it00:15:46
came out on the surface, there00:15:48
was no opportunity for them to dive00:15:51
on the German h0 boats and died in battle,00:15:56
it was under 1 kpa mine with 1 and the blind00:16:05
ships standing there in krishna everything is under00:16:10
repair, including the minesweeper, the minesweeper came out, the00:16:14
barriers were set up according to plan, this00:16:17
barrier even had explosions and in general the00:16:20
mine war began quite vigorously and the00:16:25
German productions, although they took place in00:16:27
quite such, I would say hothouse00:16:31
conditions, they were not all carried out00:16:36
correctly and then there was even an episode where there were00:16:39
12 people each due to the fact that the00:16:43
assigned boats laid a minefield00:16:45
crookedly, the Germans, in my opinion, lost one or two ships00:16:49
on this barrier until they00:16:52
finally found where to the equipment they00:16:54
managed to put it because they00:16:56
missed00:16:58
the navigation by a huge margin, so a mine war with the00:17:04
harvest has begun and of course it00:17:14
will unfold in full force later when the00:17:18
Gulf of Finland becomes that soup with00:17:21
dumplings, but the process began literally for00:17:24
the first time, not00:17:25
Alexey, cook traditionally everywhere,00:17:29
everyone always talks about how the00:17:32
border troops entered the first battle, this is00:17:36
really so, this is the honest truth, and00:17:39
Of course,00:17:42
the border guards had only00:17:45
light small arms and00:17:48
numerous reports that he likes to00:17:51
quote lately are that00:17:53
no one fired, that everyone was taken00:17:56
by surprise, in fact, the fact that the00:17:59
artillery did not fire, that was the reason for this,00:18:02
was that there were indeed divisions of special00:18:05
districts and armies the cover was located00:18:07
a little in depth and in the first hours00:18:10
they encountered precisely the border guards00:18:15
who offered resistance only with00:18:19
small arms and, at best,00:18:21
light mortars and, of course, when a00:18:27
mass of people00:18:30
with00:18:32
heavy weapons and sometimes even tanks poured across the border,00:18:37
the position of the border guard was more than00:18:39
tragic, for example here is one of00:18:42
the records about this in Ukraine,00:18:45
one of the phases of the Lvov salient and00:18:49
relatively for 101 it would have been written the00:18:53
outpost waved, it was broken literally in the00:18:55
first hours it was swept away by the Germans with00:19:00
hurricane fire and00:19:02
most often, of course, those outposts that00:19:06
fell in the direction of the main attack they00:19:10
became the first met the enemy and was the00:19:16
first to die, but were the border guards able to00:19:19
stop these difficult days at least for a while?00:19:25
troops with heavy weapons, no, this00:19:28
was not realistic, namely, due to the fact that combined00:19:35
arms formations with mortars and00:19:39
howitzers crossed the border, any resistance00:19:43
offered with a rifle with machine guns00:19:46
it was suppressed by these heavy weapons;00:19:48
another question is that indeed, in the00:19:51
direction of the auxiliary border guards00:19:55
could stick to their00:20:00
trains actually equipped for defense, but this00:20:05
was rather the exception than the rule00:20:07
because where there were00:20:12
really strong blows from the00:20:15
border guards with a metal barrage of fire, and00:20:19
the paradox was precisely in the fact that the00:20:27
army battalion located on the border they encountered the enemy a00:20:33
little later, the main scenario00:20:37
in general is the Brest Fortress, for example, this is an00:20:40
exception to the main scenarios00:20:44
according to which the events developed, it is00:20:47
usually in films and books that they do not00:20:50
show this rise on alarm, the march00:20:53
of the border and only then the battle according00:20:56
to exactly this scenario00:20:59
Most of the divisions of the00:21:02
special districts entered the battle and in fact, somewhere00:21:09
such a scenario was more favorable00:21:13
than for example, as this again will not00:21:16
sound strange, but00:21:19
taking positions on the border in advance, but according to the00:21:25
plans that were plans, we call00:21:27
cover plans, it costs just two00:21:30
explain in words that the cover plans were not00:21:32
designed to repel the main00:21:35
attack of the enemy force; they were00:21:40
only supposed to cover that’s why they are called00:21:44
covering the mobilization from the surrender and00:21:48
deployment of the main forces, and therefore the00:21:52
density of troops on the border that could00:21:56
be achieved technically according to the00:21:57
cover plan ranged from 30 up to 5000:22:03
kilometers with the statutory norm of 10-1200:22:08
minutes, even if 15 kilometers exceeded the00:22:12
statutory norm significantly and00:22:16
[music]00:22:17
this was also aggravated by the fact that it00:22:22
was necessary to move the border, but again, how00:22:26
paradoxical it sometimes sounds, those00:22:29
who worked on the contrary on the red 1 and at00:22:32
least in the hands of competent00:22:36
commanders, this situation00:22:40
could be turned to our advantage when00:22:43
the border is pushed 9 with one fist and00:22:46
when it is not scattered over 30 kilometers,00:22:49
then almost automatically it would mean its00:22:53
demolition with the00:22:55
enemy’s complete superiority, she00:22:59
can act with her fist in a separate00:23:01
direction to achieve a positive00:23:06
result, that is, to stop the enemy, this is00:23:08
exactly what happened with Vladimir00:23:11
Volynsky, the Vladimir-Volynsky00:23:14
city in Ukraine, a highway passed through it00:23:19
towards00:23:22
Kiev and Volynsky was brought in,00:23:28
there were 8 7th artillery leader Abashev,00:23:32
who just then, in a dense mass, came across00:23:34
the border and gave battle along with the fortified area00:23:38
precisely near the city of Vladimir Volynsky,00:23:41
that is, acting in fairly narrow00:23:43
areas and essentially influencing the00:23:49
enemy who crossed the border, and00:23:51
crossed the border, the use of00:23:53
saboteurs in our country, saboteurs also like00:23:57
to show this, the famous one carries a narrow00:23:59
film00:24:00
when Skorzeny trudges along00:24:03
in no way on June 22 with us there was no00:24:08
skorzeny what kind of character is from a00:24:11
later time and so we are shown00:24:15
Brandon of the bosses who are there marching in formation00:24:18
along00:24:20
Brest at-two this is actually a very00:24:26
rich fantasy by the lake or whoever00:24:31
wrote the script in my opinion Azeris waffle00:24:36
lakes in this but this is not so,00:24:38
saboteurs are ethnic Germans from the00:24:43
Wehrmacht military personnel,00:24:45
specifically this Brandenburg 800 regiment,00:24:49
that is, review,00:24:52
they crossed the border after00:24:57
preparation, that is, this is00:25:01
already at about 3:15 a.m. in Berlin time,00:25:08
what kind of saboteurs penetrate there before00:25:11
for a long time they communicate with soldiers, the00:25:15
commanders of the Red Army, this is all purely00:25:18
cinematography, and so, under Vladimir Volynsky,00:25:20
saboteurs dressed in00:25:23
Soviet uniforms captured a bridge across the00:25:26
Western Bug,00:25:27
but the capture of this bridge seemed to the Germans, but00:25:32
not quite as horse food, because00:25:36
having crossed the river they move into the depths of00:25:40
rural territory, abutting a fortified area00:25:42
in this fortified area they are given a00:25:45
rather serious battle and in fact, if00:25:48
you answer directly the question when the Germans00:25:52
when the Germans were forced to break their00:25:56
plans, the answer will be on June 22, 1941, the00:25:59
original plan had to be changed00:26:03
and the original plan for the deployment of forces to00:26:08
each of the directions on in Ukraine, according to00:26:10
him, they changed Perry and repaired00:26:13
additionally the division there crossed the00:26:19
main roads across on the night of June 22 to 23,00:26:23
in general, the first change in plans00:26:27
and on June 22 and the first tank group in00:26:29
Ukraine,00:26:30
please tell me Alexei Valevich and I’m00:26:33
still when they say that00:26:40
they swept away the first order of cover with troops with heavy00:26:42
weapons00:26:43
in order to understand the very first00:26:46
contact between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army00:26:50
to what extent in the first ranks, in the00:26:52
first ranks, we constantly00:26:54
talk about this in our cycle, what was the00:26:56
superiority of the Germans in places where00:26:57
attacks were concentrated in breakthrough areas,00:27:02
it really In fact, if you look at the00:27:08
real ratio by division, the00:27:13
ratio was one of our divisions00:27:15
against 3-500:27:20
German infantry divisions, despite the fact that the00:27:23
German infantry division was00:27:26
mobilized and numbered there with00:27:32
reinforcement units of thousands of 20 people, while our00:27:36
divisions were 10 thousand people and00:27:40
accordingly, the superiority in people00:27:42
was seven-eight-fold00:27:45
both, that is, the reality is 7-eight-fold00:27:49
superiority, and of course, with this00:27:51
ratio, this is if we take it exactly by00:27:54
counting the chicken on the heads of those who00:27:58
crossed the border, this is not counting the00:28:00
prepared artillery fire, not00:28:03
working in all everything,00:28:06
but so those who specifically crossed00:28:09
the border, they of course outnumbered them00:28:13
significantly,00:28:15
this was reflected in the fact that the hacking was00:28:21
very fast and there00:28:24
was just such a factor,00:28:29
it was typical for the Baltic states, well, everyone00:28:34
immediately thought about the00:28:38
Baltic nationalists who00:28:40
cut communications there, shoot in the back, we talked about this00:28:44
in a special issue of our00:28:47
store ours among strangers strangers among our own00:28:49
it was what is called half the00:28:52
problem of the00:28:54
second half was that in the Baltic states the00:28:57
construction of fortified areas was intensively going on in the00:29:03
immediate vicinity of the border00:29:06
there was a construction battalion and they were poorly00:29:10
armed and00:29:11
which poured in a stream to the rear as soon as00:29:14
artillery preparation began and it was, as it00:29:17
were, easy to understand because that the head is a shovel00:29:22
and you can’t wave away from the nearest troops00:29:26
to the commanders were00:29:29
called Nagano from whom you could get00:29:31
rifles and yes, these were just00:29:33
builders, that is, they were00:29:37
supposed to have torque there in theory, but in reality, in00:29:40
peacetime conditions,00:29:42
no one issued these rifles and so it’s here that the00:29:45
flow is completely dumbfounded by what is happening, the00:29:49
builders, of course, it will be such a00:29:51
destabilizing factor and of course it00:29:57
affected morale,00:29:59
but we must pay tribute to what00:30:01
these crowds with wide-eyed00:30:06
eyes without weapons let through,00:30:08
people remained in positions and met the00:30:12
enemy in other fortified areas00:30:19
where they were completed and at least00:30:21
partially ready there, of course, such an00:30:24
apocalypse did not happen; they occupied a00:30:28
fortified area, for example, in August you were00:30:33
engaged in sakal, that is, generally speaking,00:30:37
if we talk about a typical picture on June 22,00:30:42
it was the00:30:43
Germans storming pillboxes on the new border00:30:47
using demolition charges00:30:49
using flamethrowers, that is, in00:30:52
fact a typical picture is the00:30:55
people who are not sleeping, who have been there since 5 at this moment,00:30:59
you will recognize the sky as the planes are black at the time of the00:31:03
start of hostilities, many were no longer00:31:06
sleeping, people were already raising the alarm, the00:31:13
movement began from the first hours of the war,00:31:16
intensive movement began, then its00:31:20
movement of the border00:31:21
is the occupation of pillboxes of fortified areas who00:31:26
gave battle and often have completely similar00:31:33
fates to brands, as it were, like a miniature00:31:35
Brest Fortress Alekseevich,00:31:38
please explain to me, I’ve been00:31:40
leading this cycle for a long time now, your cycle00:31:43
is little known to the Great Patriotic War,00:31:45
for me it still remains such a00:31:48
brain-drilling mystery, I think that I’m00:31:51
already fifty-one I’ve been living in this world for a year,00:31:52
I thought that I remember and it’s good what my00:31:56
grandfathers told me, what their00:31:58
friends at the front told me, and in general I watched00:32:01
hundreds of our films of the century, documentaries00:32:04
and feature films, and that’s it, but for some reason,00:32:07
maybe it didn’t stick with me, but I don’t remember00:32:10
that they talked about it that in the first days of00:32:14
the war the Germans had such a 7-00:32:20
eight-fold superiority, usually it00:32:22
somehow goes either as a line from00:32:25
the information bureau’s dream, you still have to listen carefully, but00:32:28
why is this a00:32:29
schoolboy somehow, they will explain that the00:32:31
guys of our unit on the border,00:32:36
they actually faced one on 71 on00:32:40
81 on 10 and it was a continuous00:32:44
constant feat why there was silence in00:32:49
Soviet times, I don’t understand, but00:32:52
first of all, of course, those who wrote books, even00:32:56
good ones in the forty-first year, they didn’t00:33:00
have a document there for the 48th00:33:03
motorized corps with the number of00:33:06
how the Germans delicately called the heads, here they are00:33:10
they counted in their heads how many cops they had there,00:33:12
and they couldn’t name these numbers exactly00:33:17
because they00:33:19
told us there battalions, maybe so they00:33:22
roughly counted, but the real00:33:24
problem was that along the entire00:33:26
length of the border due to the fact that not everyone00:33:29
arrived from the depths of the country, and at least the00:33:37
border regions, there was really a00:33:40
huge numerical superiority; they00:33:44
forgot them everywhere, but we had an episode in00:33:48
which the division commander Mikusha00:33:53
managed to play well even in conditions of the00:33:56
enemy’s numerical superiority; of00:33:58
course, against him there was no 700:34:02
eightfold superiority, which was the00:34:05
direction of the main attacks he was00:34:09
on the Russian firewood there was an00:34:11
auxiliary strike, so against his00:34:13
division of 10 thousand people00:34:16
there were two enemy divisions, each of00:34:20
which numbered approximately 15-2000:34:23
thousand people, respectively,00:34:26
three fourfold acquired 4-fold00:34:29
superiority, and now we00:34:31
even know what Mikusha did not know the fact that00:34:34
behind these two infantry divisions00:34:37
there was a tank division and in00:34:41
fact, under a different set of circumstances,00:34:47
the blow was simply monstrous,00:34:50
but the Germans, faced with fortifications from the00:34:58
Dathomir thieves’ fortified area, they00:35:00
postponed the entry of tanks into battle the00:35:03
next morning00:35:05
with the words but by the morning we will definitely about the00:35:07
turner market, the opening of my breach, we have00:35:10
heavy artillery there, and many people00:35:12
know that heavy 60000:35:16
mm Karl guns were fired at Brest, more precisely at the00:35:19
fortress's disdain, to be completely precise,00:35:21
they were fired by dates trimming fortified area00:35:25
trimming the fortress,00:35:26
but fewer people know that exactly the same00:35:29
600 mm gun Karl,00:35:32
intended for the Maginot Line,00:35:33
fired at the Russian level in the00:35:37
Russian area, I’ll say so, plus00:35:39
railway artillery, that is, there00:35:41
actually was a strong artillery00:35:43
fist, but despite this, the commander of the 41st00:35:48
rifle divisions Mecca Chiffon00:35:49
was in exactly the same position as00:35:51
everyone else, he also went to border00:35:56
raised on alarm, then00:35:59
legends began to be told about him that00:36:02
first of all he threw the Germans back 3600:36:05
kilometers from the border, this does not00:36:08
correspond to reality, and00:36:11
moreover, in such normal rural works they00:36:15
still did not write this, they wrote very00:36:18
carefully that he rejected the borders as00:36:21
borders not not crossing the border,00:36:26
Mikusha himself quickly enough orientated himself00:36:29
in the situation and launched two counterattacks, it00:36:32
was on the evening of June 22, there was a wild strain at home00:36:35
in a few seconds,00:36:37
let's continue the atypical June 22, I ask00:36:43
our radio listeners, our viewers, not00:36:46
to switch, it will only be more interesting,00:36:49
this is Russian radio more than once father by00:36:51
students 3 Conan and Hina are our guests00:36:53
military table Candidate of Historical00:36:55
Sciences senior researcher at the Institute of00:36:57
Military History of the Ministry of Defense of00:36:59
the Russian Federation00:37:00
Alexey Valerievich hours and we are talking about the00:37:03
unknown June 22, 1941 we are talking00:37:07
about atypical battles of the Red Army against a00:37:12
superior enemy and now00:37:14
Alexey Valerievich just like that in00:37:16
once again00:37:17
violated the simple information that00:37:20
throughout the entire contact of the Wehrmacht00:37:23
and the Red Army, the Wehrmacht00:37:25
had a numerical superiority; moreover,00:37:27
in the main areas of00:37:29
the attack, the superiority was seven-eight00:37:33
times and I honestly don’t remember this in00:37:37
my entire life being talked about in00:37:39
Soviet documentaries or films00:37:42
artistic is so convex and00:37:44
distinct and we are now talking about the battles of00:37:47
41 riflemen and divisions by generals Kusheva00:37:51
poisoning of the Russians where he was faced00:37:54
with only three to four times00:37:56
superiority of German forces when00:38:02
two German00:38:05
divisions of up to 40 thousand people stood up against our rifle division of 10 thousand people and even there is a00:38:07
tank division behind and something went wrong with the Germans, which00:38:11
means that something really00:38:14
went wrong with the Germans because Georgiy rolled00:38:19
Kushev in the morning in advance, again, there is a00:38:23
recollection of his chief of staff;00:38:25
unfortunately, Kushev himself died in September00:38:28
41, near Kiev; the documents of the formation were also00:38:32
not preserved. because of the death near00:38:36
Kiev, but the chief of staff survived,00:38:39
she began to remember, he says00:38:40
that you were moving the border on the move, a00:38:44
decision was made to counterattack, he would00:38:46
first kill one German division, as it is00:38:49
written in plain text in the magazine, in00:38:52
action, the army group of the00:38:53
division 62 infantry division was00:38:56
exposed to fear of the enemy retreated00:38:58
from the Germans actually ran on June 22 evening00:39:04
the Germans are running this is nonsense with a two-fold00:39:07
superiority of their forces, yes they really00:39:10
have superiority of forces and they ran,00:39:13
of course, beyond the borders and they they retreated00:39:17
the borders and began to shoot back,00:39:19
that is, they set up a00:39:21
barrage of00:39:22
what to do Merkushev follow chase00:39:26
after there is no border, he came up with an even00:39:28
better solution, but apparently the reconnaissance worked perfectly00:39:31
and he turned against the other00:39:34
day, too, when the divisions are advancing nearby,00:39:36
if one of them runs, she will open00:39:39
the flank to her neighbor, and so she turned out to be00:39:41
neighboring 2 4 comes 9, she covered herself00:39:45
on the flank on a wide front one00:39:47
reconnaissance battalion and apparently00:39:50
competently conducting reconnaissance Mikusha Foucauld in the00:39:54
Russian army since the First World War,00:39:55
the ensign everything is as it should and a man all his00:39:59
life00:40:00
inflicts another counterattack on the armed forces00:40:03
and a surprise. The 2nd division also00:40:06
withdraws and in reality he single-handedly00:40:09
dealt with two formations that were00:40:11
numerically superior and in At that00:40:16
moment, in fact, the threat hung over him00:40:18
that he might be attacked by a00:40:20
tank division because the Germans there were00:40:22
seriously running away from such00:40:26
troubles, which they were shocked by, and there was an00:40:30
option that the Ancre de Viseu would be introduced, then00:40:32
Pascal Bush gave him his00:40:36
actions, this Volodin Volynsky because00:40:38
something there, they deployed a tank division and00:40:40
sent it under Vladimir-Volynsky and00:40:43
the command of the German 17th, which00:40:46
screwed up just like that, let’s be honest, it was a00:40:48
failure at the edges, speaking in terms of Russian00:40:51
firewood, but there you have reserves,00:40:54
infantry divisions in this, introduce and they00:40:56
introduced fought for several days and well done00:40:59
Russian, in general, they didn’t really00:41:02
succeed in anything; in the end, only a00:41:04
detour of the 41st Infantry Division took place, and these are00:41:08
the most effective actions of the formation of the00:41:12
Red Army on June 22, 1941,00:41:17
no one understands anything better than Mikusha, there is nothing told about this,00:41:20
there is an episode where00:41:23
the living dead are shown as General00:41:26
Serpilin fought, this is what we remember, but as an example of a00:41:30
smart and professional commander,00:41:34
but with such actions, type, I’m making00:41:36
a film, because it’s a phenomenal blow, and00:41:39
then, like the piano keys, the00:41:43
flank hits the second, but it’s just00:41:45
brilliant for it looks beautiful, in place of00:41:49
this, they preferred that the infiltrator00:41:51
to tell that he was in violation of orders,00:41:53
stupidly the command advanced the battalion in advance,00:41:57
that he crossed the border because well, there00:41:59
was no point in crossing the borders, he00:42:02
would only have killed people in vain if he tried to00:42:04
pursue his first enemy, and so00:42:07
he played very competently with modest00:42:09
forces,00:42:10
achieved a great result, in fact,00:42:15
the conclusion I would like to say that the00:42:17
action was gone and had an impact on the entire00:42:19
border battle because the00:42:23
original German plan to lead the00:42:25
Russian motorized corps through firewood00:42:28
was postponed, the Germans outplayed everything00:42:32
and introduced this motorized corps00:42:34
only in the very last days of June, when the00:42:38
general approach had already begun, the effect of00:42:41
this year was blurred, and if they had00:42:44
introduced June 22,00:42:47
it would have been a catastrophic00:42:49
development of events; if they had introduced the number 24,00:42:52
no tank battle at Dubno00:42:54
Fords simply would not have taken place, and it is quite00:42:58
possible that they would have taken the toner already in00:43:00
June;00:43:02
in fact, with their competent00:43:06
actions, they blocked the good road which00:43:10
was going through the grass, a Russian hacksaw, that's00:43:13
me, there was a very beautiful city, an00:43:17
old Polish00:43:19
[music]00:43:20
at the time, a rich big city with a00:43:23
huge church, and then this road00:43:26
went east through the setter to the dust, in00:43:30
general, this was the route along which you00:43:33
moved mechanized corps for00:43:34
counter-strikes, like if a00:43:37
German motorized corps of00:43:40
sausage Viking divisions from tank00:43:43
divisions had been wedged in, then naturally no00:43:45
counterstrike would have taken place, but the00:43:46
man, with his competent00:43:49
actions, why shouldn’t pure improvisation be00:43:51
included in any plans, he00:43:53
just saw the situation and worked at00:43:56
100 so What’s interesting is where is he from Perm,00:44:02
more precisely from Kungur, Kungur, Kungur district,00:44:06
then in the Perm province,00:44:08
he was 43 years old in 1941, just one00:44:12
of those young forty-year-old00:44:14
generals we just talked about recently,00:44:17
energetic people who were00:44:22
able to assess the situation and play00:44:26
well and competently like00:44:27
that people were filming shavings with him00:44:34
question please tell me Alexey00:44:37
Olegovich00:44:38
how well did the communication work how well00:44:42
did the analytics work how much did this00:44:45
hive of00:44:47
contradictory or contradictory reports00:44:51
hit the General Staff at the decision control centers00:44:56
in general how00:44:59
clear was it what was happening on the border on00:45:02
this very day on this day00:45:04
unfortunately the first reports were very00:45:07
optimistic, the first report was00:45:12
that there were small forces in captivity there,00:45:14
but this was00:45:17
actually due, among other things, to the weakness of00:45:19
aerial reconnaissance, but let’s say00:45:24
it was not carried out clearly, and such00:45:30
first rather good reports00:45:32
forced write a document known as00:45:34
directive number three, we made00:45:36
a mistake to bombard the Germans with sentiments00:45:39
that almost let the Germans be thrown back there00:45:42
on the third day before Lublin,00:45:44
this all absolutely did not correspond to00:45:46
the situation, it became clear already at the time00:45:48
the directive was received by the troops, that is, on the00:45:51
evening of June 22, after all, when Zhukov arrived00:45:56
just at the southwestern front, they had00:46:01
already sorted out the situation, it was00:46:04
clear that the situation was bad and was00:46:07
rapidly deteriorating, so they carefully00:46:12
asked what was directive number 39, as00:46:16
he waved his hand to the two,00:46:17
they planned a counter-strike to carry it out00:46:20
everything correctly, directive number three, that you are00:46:23
there at three o’clock they reported it to us there, we have00:46:26
now painted a completely different picture, and00:46:29
indeed that everything was bad became00:46:34
clear in the00:46:35
evening in the first hours, of course, and00:46:39
also because of communication problems, the00:46:42
scale of the disaster was not entirely00:46:45
obvious in fact in Moscow at00:46:48
the General Staff, even despite on the thorn, the Cossacks to the00:46:51
Czech Republic, such reports from behind the circles,00:46:54
began to think already in the middle of the day00:46:58
that something terrible had clearly happened,00:47:01
what is terrible is called an attack by the00:47:04
Germans with the main forces, because the00:47:06
main question that needed to be understood00:47:08
was the number of those troops that crossed00:47:12
the border, is it still still00:47:16
some insignificant sortie00:47:18
today, they ate it like from Poland in the thirty-00:47:20
ninth year, a blow with the main force of00:47:22
Alekseevich immediately followed by the inevitable00:47:27
other question, panic in the troops was00:47:29
how professionally and00:47:31
psychologically stable were the00:47:33
advanced units of the Red Army in the00:47:36
face of unfolding catastrophes, all the00:47:41
personnel units that were formed00:47:45
some kind of purchase 41 pieces led she00:47:49
was at 30 acted next to her 159 she00:47:54
was of a later formation that is,00:47:56
as a rule, of course, those who were00:47:58
formed recently they acted worse,00:48:00
but of course how the construction battalions of the00:48:05
personnel unit did not behave of course00:48:12
when you find yourself under fire, a00:48:14
gun there with a caliber of up to 24000:48:16
millimeters when shells00:48:20
weighing two centners rain down there is a pleasure00:48:23
below average, it’s like people who have00:48:25
not been to war before cannot be00:48:27
afraid,00:48:29
they will be afraid to retreat there, again with the00:48:32
numerical superiority of the enemy, but it’s00:48:35
just panic panic nevertheless,00:48:39
but if there was an environment of almost00:48:42
combat support,00:48:44
but not those who were preparing are called to00:48:48
fight from the first line for literally a few00:48:50
seconds Alexey Valerievich, did00:48:51
I understand correctly that already on June 2200:48:55
the Germans let the Germans 1 blood and from this00:48:58
began the very removal of shavings00:49:00
that failed the plan Barbarossa,00:49:03
yes, it certainly began even then, it was00:49:09
clear that the catastrophe had begun, how00:49:13
many chances did the border armies have00:49:15
little, but also the removal of chips and now it was00:49:18
not Barbarossa that began to slip 2200:49:21
and no, you can say exactly00:49:23
and as they say with documents, the numbers in hand00:49:25
and when I think about this story when00:49:28
I remember what my grandmother whispered about, how00:49:32
my grandfather was small and silent, and00:49:34
sometimes his00:49:37
nerdy friends blurted out, and I keep thinking about00:49:40
what a feat they accomplished when faced00:49:43
with such unfavorable conditions, they are00:49:46
professionals and who started hostilities on June 22,00:49:51
I think to them and eternal memory and00:49:54
prostration may God grant us to be at least a little00:49:57
like them Alekseeva is easier00:49:59
thank you for this story about our00:50:01
radio listeners to our viewers I wish00:50:03
peaceful skies I remind you that you can00:50:05
watch all these episodes on the YouTube00:50:07
channel Dmitry Konan and listen to Hen on the00:50:09
Russian Radio website00:50:10
read the real stories of the path worthy of00:50:13
your ancestors all the best00:50:16
goodbye goodbyeDescription:
Выпуск 594. 22.06.2021. "Неизвестное 22 июня 1941-го". Когда прозвучали первые выстрелы Великой Отечественной войны, когда финны начали атаку на СССР, почему финская операция "Регата" началась раньше "Барбароссы", могли ли немецкие подводники устроить советскому флоту Перл-Харбор, как случайность спасла линейный корабль "Октябрьская революция" от торпедирования, бомбили ли Севастополь в ночь с 21 на 22 июня, правдив ли советский фильм "Аллегро с огнём", собирался ли Балтийский флот атаковать немцев из Лиепаи, как воевали пограничники, почему планы прикрытия границы не были рассчитаны на оборону против основных сил Вермахта, почему немцы вынуждены были изменить боевые планы уже 22 июня, почему в советское время не говорилось о 7-8-кратном превосходстве немцев на участках главных ударов - и численном превосходстве на всём фронте, почему 10 тысяч бойцов 41-ой стрелковой дивизии бывшего царского прапорщика, генерала-майора Микушева разгромили 40-тысячную группировку Вермахта и была прозвана немцами "Железной", была ли паника в частях, выбегали ли наши бойцы полуголыми в бой, о том, как разворачивалась катастрофа начала войны и как с немцев начали снимать первую стружку - о невероятном подвиге наших частей 22 июня 1941-го смотрите и слушайте беседу с военным историком, кандидатом исторических наук, старшим научным сотрудником Института военной истории Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Алексеем Валерьевичем Исаевым. Премьера выпуска состоялась 22.06.2021.
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This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
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It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.