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красноетв

красное ТВ

сталин

СССР

советский союз

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гражданская война

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россия

история

красная армия

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глеб таргонский

история россии

1919

накступление юденича на петроград

петроград

красное тв

коммунизм

00:00:09

good afternoon, we continue the series of our

00:00:12

videos dedicated to the civil war in

00:00:14

Russia, today we will move to

00:00:17

1919, which was very difficult for the young Soviet

00:00:19

republic, we will talk 1 euro

00:00:22

in the Western theater of military operations

00:00:24

about the offensive of Yudenich’s troops on Petrograd

00:00:26

and both in the spring offensive and

00:00:28

fear of an offensive with us today

00:00:30

Gleb Targonsky historian one of the

00:00:33

co-founders of the revolutionary

00:00:35

initiative channel that we are facing today

00:00:37

this topic I hope we will try in its entirety

00:00:40

where do we start let's

00:00:42

look at the warring parties who were

00:00:45

involved in this conflict yes this is a very

00:00:47

important point matter the fact that it so

00:00:50

happened that when the

00:00:51

eighteenth year at the very beginning of the

00:00:53

eighteenth year in the Urals a

00:00:56

civil war was already blazing and the

00:00:59

consequences there was an uprising of the

00:01:02

Czechoslovak corps and so on our

00:01:05

places, that is, this is the north-west of

00:01:07

today's Leningrad region, they

00:01:09

were relatively peaceful why

00:01:12

because in the first here after the Brest

00:01:14

Peace a front line was established from Narva

00:01:19

to Pskov and in general the Germans did not carry out

00:01:26

any active actions until the fall of

00:01:28

18, that is, the Soviet Republic

00:01:31

received a significant respite in this direction,

00:01:35

but at the same time the danger and threat of

00:01:38

Petrograd, the most important industrial

00:01:41

political military center of the country,

00:01:43

remained since as a result of the

00:01:47

territorial changes of the seventeenth and

00:01:49

eighteenth year on the territory of our country, it

00:01:53

turns out that the

00:01:56

borders to Petrograd passed very close, these were the borders of

00:01:58

independent Gandhi and independent Estonia,

00:02:01

independent Latvia,

00:02:03

that is, in general, Petrograd was constantly

00:02:05

under the threat of the

00:02:06

attack of enemy armies because the

00:02:09

histories of Latvia and Finland were far

00:02:11

from friendly to the Soviet regime and the

00:02:13

threat of the capture of Petrograd was there all the time

00:02:17

and therefore

00:02:18

they kept a whole army in this direction

00:02:20

and

00:02:21

here it must be said that the front on the line of

00:02:25

Pskov and Narva

00:02:26

was static for the Germans because

00:02:30

they solved their main problems in the eighteenth

00:02:32

year in the south, they tried from

00:02:36

Ukraine pump out all possible resources, they were

00:02:39

mainly engaged in it, by the way,

00:02:41

they resisted the

00:02:42

Germans there and various Soviet forces

00:02:46

that created buffer states and

00:02:49

this, by the way, is a topic for another program

00:02:51

that we will definitely talk about by

00:02:53

our authors, but in the north-west there was

00:02:59

approximately calm and

00:03:01

yes, but again the Germans They didn’t know

00:03:05

that the Soviet government, of course, and

00:03:08

later, when it gathers its strength,

00:03:11

will threaten them, they saw perfectly well

00:03:14

in the example of Ukraine, in the example of the Donbass,

00:03:17

that the Soviet government is ready to create

00:03:19

Soviet republics to fight the Germans with

00:03:22

the hands of such tow

00:03:23

states, which are again led by the

00:03:25

Bolsheviks in basically and

00:03:28

loyal to the unit, therefore, she decided to

00:03:31

create, so to speak, a counter buffer in the

00:03:34

person of two armies, northern and southern,

00:03:37

of course, in fact, in the eighteenth

00:03:39

year, the Germans were primarily engaged in the

00:03:41

First World War

00:03:43

on the western front of the famous spring

00:03:45

offensive, which developed

00:03:47

quite successfully, it must be said and

00:03:50

various other activities of Germany,

00:03:52

which of course did not allow them

00:03:54

to concentrate on Soviet Russia,

00:03:57

which was not the most priority

00:03:59

territory for them, but nevertheless, closer

00:04:02

to the summer of autumn of 18, these armies

00:04:08

of the White Guards were created, and in

00:04:10

general the white movement was then

00:04:13

split into two camps which were

00:04:16

quite irreconcilable with each other, I

00:04:18

between the year 18 one camp was oriented

00:04:21

towards the Entente 2 was oriented towards Germany

00:04:24

due to the fact that it is nearby era ready to

00:04:26

help

00:04:27

if the Entente line, let’s say so, if I may

00:04:31

say so, which was expressed, for example, by the

00:04:34

famous General Alekseev was

00:04:36

that the goal of the whites was

00:04:38

to leave en masse to the south, that is, all

00:04:41

volunteers who assure their desire

00:04:43

to fight against Bolshevism must go

00:04:45

to the south, such as the capital of the white movement,

00:04:48

Novocherkassk, where Alekseev himself

00:04:51

described the situation, that this

00:04:53

south-eastern corner of

00:04:54

Russia is an area of relative

00:04:57

calm, there

00:04:58

is no anarchy, not even a pronounced

00:05:01

class struggle, except for the coal

00:05:04

problem section, but we are talking to us

00:05:06

about the Donbass, where there was serious

00:05:08

resistance from the

00:05:09

workers who mainly fought with the

00:05:12

White Cossacks and White Guards, the goal

00:05:15

he indicated was the fight for the

00:05:18

economic salvation of Russia from the Germans

00:05:22

with the participation of Anglo-American capital,

00:05:25

that is, note that he is a white general directly

00:05:28

speaks about capital, but what interests us is

00:05:31

that despite the fact that the Germans and

00:05:33

the White Guards in general did not have any

00:05:36

particularly warm feelings, nevertheless, there was

00:05:40

one small snag:

00:05:42

in order to get to these areas that

00:05:45

were held by the

00:05:46

Whites in the south, you had to go through various

00:05:50

red cordons and still not get caught

00:05:52

it was necessary to find ways to feed

00:05:56

themselves on this difficult journey, but the

00:05:58

most important thing is that many of the White Guards

00:06:00

in spirit by that time either served,

00:06:02

by the way, sometimes very often in the Red

00:06:05

troops, or held some positions

00:06:08

because they were educated people and

00:06:10

many of them were various engineers,

00:06:12

various employees of the Soviet machine

00:06:16

needed their services and broadcast, I left

00:06:19

my house, my apartment, quite well-fed

00:06:23

at that time,

00:06:26

many did not want to sing in Petrograd and Moscow and

00:06:28

began to look to see if there was anything

00:06:30

closer, the German

00:06:33

troops who were standing very close turned out to be closer

00:06:35

Petrograd, for example, in the Pskov region, and

00:06:38

just the same German German

00:06:43

occupation government that

00:06:45

sat in the Baltic states, she

00:06:47

decided to also create a northern

00:06:50

monarchical army, by the way, the Germans and they have those

00:06:54

White Guard organizations that were

00:06:56

created precisely by their money,

00:06:58

using their weapons and

00:07:00

using instructors, and so on

00:07:02

they were all monarchical, which is

00:07:04

interesting, that is, the Entente mainly

00:07:06

supported the White Guard movements, they were

00:07:08

oriented primarily towards such a

00:07:10

bourgeois, but at

00:07:13

least in appearance democracy, this

00:07:15

was such a difference, the Germans created

00:07:17

exclusively about monarchical

00:07:19

organizations, and if in the south they created

00:07:22

organizations such as, for example, the

00:07:24

organization of the Red Astrakhan army

00:07:28

and so on, which by the way they supplied

00:07:30

a large amount of weapons and ammunition

00:07:32

on this occasion, then there was a

00:07:35

well-known anecdote which

00:07:37

Sholokhov very conscientiously copied in

00:07:40

his quiet there not this anecdote with the

00:07:43

following content when Denikin’s

00:07:45

officer met Skr Osnovsky, he

00:07:47

said that the army red

00:07:50

are likened to prostitutes living on

00:07:52

German money, but here is the moment that the

00:07:56

ammunition and weapons that the

00:07:59

handsome man got very often the

00:08:00

handsome men gave the same to Denikin

00:08:02

himself, to which the Krasnov

00:08:04

officer very wittily remarked well

00:08:07

if Krasnov is fed by this prostitute

00:08:09

who lives on German money, then

00:08:11

Denikin’s army is a code who lives

00:08:13

with this prostitute who feeds from

00:08:15

her hands, that is, the situation was extremely

00:08:18

difficult, it’s good that they remembered about

00:08:20

literature, I turned a little different

00:08:22

author, these are poets, machinist

00:08:24

Anatoly Mariengof, who in his

00:08:26

price tags described by the way how

00:08:28

transparent the borders were at that time and it

00:08:31

was not always so difficult for those who want to

00:08:33

join the volunteer army in

00:08:35

opposition to the Soviet regime to get to

00:08:37

this famous south, it is described

00:08:40

quite well in one episode how a

00:08:42

student from Moscow was able to freely

00:08:45

travel through all of Russia and Ukraine

00:08:47

without even betraying some kind of legend to himself,

00:08:49

so at that time he could

00:08:51

freely in the atmosphere of devastation in the atmosphere of

00:08:54

different political forces it was possible to

00:08:56

move, so of course there were

00:09:06

no iron barriers to the movement of the population on Soviet territory which was controlled by the Soviets and other forces, but

00:09:09

again it’s one thing to go somewhere far

00:09:10

to the south leaving your institutions, houses of

00:09:14

wealth and so on, it’s another thing to

00:09:16

act in Petrograd,

00:09:19

preparing the ground for an uprising,

00:09:23

for example, which would help the advancing

00:09:26

German White Guard troops, which,

00:09:28

by the way, actually happened but a

00:09:31

little later and many White Guard

00:09:36

volunteers really did not offend the

00:09:38

territory of the Baltic states to the territory of

00:09:40

Pskov and there they joined the army the so-

00:09:44

called northern corps, which was

00:09:46

created on the initiative of the German

00:09:48

occupation government on October 10,

00:09:50

18, it had many names, it

00:09:53

had the name Russian

00:09:55

volunteer northern army, Pskov

00:09:57

corps, northern army, and so on, but

00:10:00

basically it is usually called the northern

00:10:01

corps, which began in October

00:10:06

such guerrilla operations against the

00:10:08

Red troops in that direction of Pskov

00:10:11

Narva were quite weak and,

00:10:13

for example, during these operations they managed to

00:10:17

capture a significant amount of weapons; they were

00:10:19

able to partially, let’s say, some

00:10:24

units of the Red Army, Philip

00:10:27

Rapier, propagandize well, in particular, the

00:10:30

defector became the

00:10:33

Bulatovich corps, which became part of the

00:10:36

northern corps sensitive lake

00:10:39

flotilla there was also such an

00:10:42

operation, the NATO Lap Islands in the

00:10:45

Pskov lake

00:10:47

when, well, in fact, the officers of the northern

00:10:50

corps arrived there, sailed there and

00:10:53

invited local fishermen to replenish the

00:10:56

composition in the northern corps, then these fishermen

00:11:00

created the basis of the foundations on the basis of

00:11:03

which the famous then appeared the

00:11:05

Lavsky regiment about which we will

00:11:08

talk many times is quite a combat

00:11:09

unit, that is, by the way, very

00:11:11

often the

00:11:12

Komi themselves and the white combat

00:11:15

detachments

00:11:16

became partly

00:11:19

staffed by peasants, well, as we would

00:11:21

say, wealthy peasants,

00:11:22

partially fists, and so on, which

00:11:25

were anti-Soviet, by the way,

00:11:27

but what arguments did

00:11:29

white use in order to actually

00:11:32

achieve success among the enemy troops?

00:11:35

arguments

00:11:36

there were three options for action; well, the first

00:11:39

option is by creating a dangerous

00:11:43

situation

00:11:44

to pretend that

00:11:46

further resistance is useless and

00:11:49

therefore it’s better to come over to our side,

00:11:51

that is, the units were red on at that moment they were

00:11:55

not very disciplined,

00:11:57

they took advantage of this; the second point is that the

00:11:59

Red troops had many

00:12:02

commanders who were either former

00:12:04

tsarist officers who also did not

00:12:06

sympathize with the Red power and

00:12:08

mostly went for rations and some kind of

00:12:11

position, and some of them were directly

00:12:13

infiltrated enemies of we will also talk about them later,

00:12:15

these enemies, by the way, at the right

00:12:17

moment I’ll shoot in the back,

00:12:19

and the third point, of course, was

00:12:22

the motivation that look at the Reds, you have a

00:12:25

very bad spider waiting for you, bad food,

00:12:28

indeed then the supply of the Red

00:12:31

Army was very poor, the

00:12:32

soldiers were very malnourished, violence, as a

00:12:35

rule, quite worn out uniforms

00:12:38

greatcoats and here they were told that the

00:12:41

Germans live in Sydney, they have good

00:12:43

supplies, they have good uniforms,

00:12:46

in general, you can’t go wrong by the way,

00:12:48

many of these soldiers and officers of

00:12:52

this very northern corps they

00:12:54

wore German uniforms, that is, for example,

00:12:56

Beijing films were distributed

00:12:58

German overcoats were common, and so

00:13:00

on, although there was the same thing as in such

00:13:02

semi-partisan formations, there was

00:13:04

mixed basing, mixed

00:13:06

weapons, that is, there were German

00:13:08

rifles, for example Mauser, and at the same time

00:13:11

Russian cars, and so on, there was

00:13:14

variety,

00:13:15

but I would say that German basing

00:13:17

is a little better than, for example, in the south of

00:13:19

Russia, when sometimes white volunteers

00:13:21

were forced to draw their shoulder straps

00:13:23

with ink, use peasant

00:13:26

shirts with inappropriate equipment,

00:13:28

so we can say that the Germans

00:13:30

supplied their charges well,

00:13:33

but the third option is motivation

00:13:35

such motivation can be said

00:13:39

we will have better supply and

00:13:42

Indeed, many, especially at

00:13:44

first, went over to the side of the whites, well, in

00:13:47

particular, the troops under the command of

00:13:50

Bulatovich, this was a very valuable

00:13:52

acquisition because he was a very

00:13:53

good commander, he was a master of

00:13:56

guerrilla warfare, a

00:13:57

brilliant cavalryman, despite the fact that

00:13:59

it was under Soviet power, and so on

00:14:01

by the way it was Bulatovich, then he fought the

00:14:03

Soviet Polish War and, by the way,

00:14:06

died in a battle with the Germans when Germany did not

00:14:09

attack Poland, that is, he accepted

00:14:11

Polish citizenship there, and so on, there

00:14:13

was enough of a combat commander

00:14:15

or officers to take the White Guard term,

00:14:18

otherwise the Lavsky regiment is was one of the most

00:14:20

combative regiments of the future north-western

00:14:23

army, which actually proved itself

00:14:25

such even, I would say, in special operations,

00:14:28

which we will talk about later, and

00:14:30

initially, despite the fact that there was

00:14:33

such a replenishment,

00:14:35

out of the

00:14:36

2000 people of this corps, it was still up to thirty

00:14:40

to forty percent Well, there are different

00:14:42

sources, these were officers, it was

00:14:44

mainly an army of officers and this army

00:14:47

fought quite well in the conditions of a

00:14:49

guerrilla war in the

00:14:51

north-west in the Pskov region of Narva, there are

00:14:54

some separate attacks, the defeat of

00:14:56

individual red units

00:14:59

of garrisons, and so on, and the meaning there was some way

00:15:04

to feel the weakness of the

00:15:05

red forces in this region, to find a way

00:15:09

to Petrograd and act together with the

00:15:12

uprising inside Petrograd, but the

00:15:14

uprising did not merge a little

00:15:17

because despite the fact that a

00:15:19

huge number of different white underground organizations were operating in Petrograd at that time,

00:15:26

nevertheless they were also split

00:15:28

because that there were, for example, about the

00:15:30

Entente organizations that were just

00:15:33

focused on the fact that it was necessary to

00:15:34

gradually transport volunteers

00:15:36

south to Denikin, for example, the same thing, but

00:15:40

there were German sconces, for example, the organization

00:15:42

United Great Russia but who loves

00:15:45

who were waiting for the offensive of the Germans and the

00:15:48

White Guards together in order to

00:15:50

the right moment to stab in the back, a

00:15:52

plan was prepared,

00:15:55

weapons were prepared, which

00:15:57

were already placed in safe

00:15:59

houses, but they

00:16:02

still did n’t wait for this onset in the early spring,

00:16:04

winter-spring turns out to be 18-19,

00:16:09

and why didn’t they wait because

00:16:13

in as we know in the eighteenth year, at

00:16:16

the end of the eighteenth year, the

00:16:18

famous revolution in Germany began and the Germans

00:16:22

who were counting on this Russian

00:16:24

corps, the northern corps, would be

00:16:27

like a striking force that would

00:16:30

move towards Petrograd in the rearguard,

00:16:32

German troops should have moved,

00:16:34

which should not have to carry out the police

00:16:37

function there was still prescribed by

00:16:39

its authority to pacify the population,

00:16:42

but due to the fact that the revolution took place,

00:16:44

these same White Guards who went

00:16:47

to fight for a single indivisible Russia, they

00:16:49

were forced to become the rearguard that

00:16:52

covered the retreat of the German troops,

00:16:54

that is, in essence, to fight for the Germans

00:16:56

because the Reds, taking advantage of the fact that

00:16:58

the Germans were retreating, they began to move deeper into the

00:17:02

Russian Pskov

00:17:04

province,

00:17:05

to move towards the territory of Estonia and Latvia,

00:17:06

there is a hope of establishing Soviet

00:17:08

power there, and these fighters for a single

00:17:10

indivisible Russia they began began their

00:17:13

military path as fighters for a single and

00:17:16

indivisible what do you think he asked the country,

00:17:18

no, of course, Estonia for the 1st

00:17:22

indivisible Estonia, which in theory they

00:17:24

should have hated because

00:17:26

Estonia came out of this great

00:17:28

united and indivisible Russia, but

00:17:30

nevertheless they became part of the Estonian army,

00:17:32

which by the way at that time caused

00:17:34

serious discontent the Entente,

00:17:37

since the Entente perceived the

00:17:39

northern corps as a direct

00:17:41

corps that was fighting in the conquered

00:17:44

German troops and there was an attitude towards it that was

00:17:46

appropriate,

00:17:47

but nevertheless, these

00:17:49

White Guards were very useful to the Estonian army

00:17:52

because they paid with their lives for the fact

00:17:54

that Pskov was captured in the first place not

00:17:57

immediately the Red Army,

00:17:58

but on the other hand, a hundred and the Estonians were able to

00:18:01

mobilize their troops

00:18:02

to move their Soviet borders, and on the

00:18:04

other hand,

00:18:05

many of them died in the battles

00:18:07

for Narva and perhaps played a role in the

00:18:11

fact that Soviet power in Estonia was

00:18:14

not established then and the Eid holiday was celebrated here The

00:18:19

next moment, the White Guards are

00:18:21

essentially part of the Estonian army,

00:18:24

but the Estonian government at that time

00:18:26

was still quite under the

00:18:29

influence of the Social Democrats, and there

00:18:31

was such a situation that they did

00:18:35

n’t really want to fight like Soviet Russia,

00:18:36

but on the other hand, they wanted to

00:18:38

because with Tony should

00:18:40

grow in territory and at their own peril

00:18:43

and risk, the

00:18:45

highest military ranks of the Estonian army

00:18:47

allow these white units to

00:18:50

continue the guerrilla war and the Estonians

00:18:52

tried diplomatically to show this

00:18:55

as the action of some White Guards

00:18:58

who continue the Soviet war from

00:19:01

Estonian territory, which the Estonians should not interfere with

00:19:04

and should not do this as the internal affairs of the

00:19:05

Russians and in these battles, in fact,

00:19:10

these remnants

00:19:12

of the White Guards managed to win several tactical

00:19:14

victories, and this was used already in the spring of the

00:19:19

nineteenth year, since

00:19:24

then General Radian K

00:19:28

Alexander Pavlovich came to the army

00:19:29

3 uncle Mikhail Vladimirovich Rodzianko is

00:19:32

one of the most famous

00:19:33

Duma leaders and By the way, one of the leaders of the

00:19:36

provisional government, that is, he

00:19:38

held a significant post and he comes

00:19:42

just in February, he takes command of the

00:19:44

corps, which subsequently

00:19:47

will be renamed the North-

00:19:49

Western Army and he

00:19:50

was a very good general, he knew how to

00:19:54

manage troops really well,

00:19:56

he knew how to select personnel, he was

00:19:58

really for the Soviet regime, a very

00:19:59

serious enemy, it was also a man of

00:20:02

considerable charisma and

00:20:03

we can say that this was the

00:20:06

subsequent spring

00:20:09

and then autumn offensive of the north-western army on

00:20:11

Petrograd and this offensive was not so much

00:20:14

conduct as Yudenich radians, that is,

00:20:18

it was such good high-class

00:20:20

generals and officers, the

00:20:22

meaning of further activities was as

00:20:25

follows, but many said it might

00:20:27

be worth disbanding this corps,

00:20:29

but because it was still quite

00:20:31

battered in battles, but for the sake of Anko and

00:20:35

subsequently General Ivanov,

00:20:38

they considered that it was necessary to launch an

00:20:41

offensive for what purpose, and firstly at

00:20:44

this time already the winter of the spring of the nineteenth

00:20:48

year for the Soviet government does not begin

00:20:50

very well, we know what is coming

00:20:54

Kolchak’s army will subsequently

00:20:57

happen during Denikin’s offensive in

00:21:00

Ukraine, the Soviet government also suffered a

00:21:02

number of significant defeats, it started

00:21:03

in the Finland area, it

00:21:06

started in the Polish border area, that

00:21:09

is, hard times were coming and

00:21:10

Petrograd in in general, despite the fact that you were

00:21:13

covering the 7th army, it was quite

00:21:15

defenseless and it was necessary to

00:21:17

take advantage of this, but first of all there was not enough

00:21:20

supplies of

00:21:21

weapons and people, please tell me

00:21:25

whether there were attempts on the part of various white

00:21:27

forces to concentrate their efforts and

00:21:29

coordinate and act in principle

00:21:32

in a single way plan

00:21:33

or the contradiction between them was

00:21:35

so strong that at the beginning of 1919 there

00:21:42

was no question of any unified coordination plan, despite the fact that until the end of the

00:21:45

nineteenth year there

00:21:50

were a number of, let’s say, controversial

00:21:53

issues between Denikin and Kolchak, anyway despite this,

00:21:56

there was coordination, but coordination,

00:21:58

you understand, since these forces were located in

00:22:01

different, let’s say, ends of the country,

00:22:03

they acted autonomously, these were the most

00:22:06

promising plans, well, that is,

00:22:08

roughly speaking, we begin the offensive

00:22:11

with services in April, we begin the

00:22:13

offensive in June and support each other with

00:22:15

weapons but you understand,

00:22:18

such a

00:22:20

serious coordinate was and was not necessary because the

00:22:22

Red Army of the Soviet government,

00:22:24

even though these

00:22:27

offensives took place at no time

00:22:29

at the same time, although again within the framework of

00:22:31

one year of the 1st spring-summer campaign, the

00:22:33

aftermath of the autumn, it was still

00:22:36

very important for the Red Army it’s hard

00:22:38

because, let’s say, transfer some regiment

00:22:41

from the Denikin front to the front of

00:22:44

people, they didn’t want people from the Kolchak front to

00:22:47

the front of people, it was very hard, the

00:22:49

troops were exhausted by the road, and the

00:22:52

railways at that time could not cope with

00:22:54

the situation, the percentage of sick locomotives,

00:22:57

sick cars from the multiplicity of

00:22:59

rolling stock Road was very strong

00:23:01

and still the Red Army would have experienced

00:23:04

great difficulties from such joint

00:23:06

activities, and now we are moving on

00:23:09

to the fact that the goal of

00:23:13

these very white forces in the

00:23:15

north-west was determined, as General Ivanov wrote, it

00:23:19

was necessary to undertake a major

00:23:22

operation to prove the expediency of

00:23:24

the existence of Russian units to whom to

00:23:27

prove the expediency first of

00:23:29

all to Estonia because in

00:23:31

Estonia a project was discussed that it is necessary to

00:23:33

disband in general these very Russian

00:23:35

units are generally expelled from the country because

00:23:37

they excuse our allowance on

00:23:39

our territory the

00:23:40

hated Russians are there why are

00:23:43

they needed? was to show that these

00:23:44

Russians know how to fight and to create a

00:23:46

single and indivisible Estonia

00:23:49

territorially, for this they

00:23:52

carried out all possible operations and that was just

00:23:55

energetic guerrilla actions

00:23:57

and the capture of trophies, for example, in the battles for the Cape, the

00:24:01

dungeon was captured 4 guns, two machine guns, 154

00:24:05

rifles, 360 shells and 14 thousand

00:24:08

rounds of ammunition, which in the conditions of a low-

00:24:10

intensity war was a huge gift for

00:24:13

these same White Guard forces, allowed them to

00:24:16

subsequently occupy, for example, the area

00:24:19

around Narva, the White army

00:24:22

was supposed to grow, but at the expense of whom the

00:24:25

volunteers went to it, of course, until they reach it,

00:24:28

time passes, it is logical that it is necessary to form them from the

00:24:31

local population, that is, to

00:24:33

mobilize; besides, the territory,

00:24:35

for example, around Narva was populated

00:24:37

largely with Finno-Ugric dances of

00:24:40

various nationalities, such as the

00:24:42

Finnanger Balance itself and the Izhorians,

00:24:45

and so on, but the mobilization gave very

00:24:48

modest results, only 40

00:24:50

people

00:24:51

went to serve and moreover, the White Guard

00:24:54

officers frightened them to the frame, so

00:24:56

they specifically said that as indicated in their orders, the

00:24:58

perpetrators are punished according to the laws of the Estonian

00:25:01

army, which turns out they did not have the money

00:25:03

to, for example, hire soldiers

00:25:06

on a paid basis, well, the gratuitous

00:25:09

basis was assumed because, after all,

00:25:11

Estonian Finnish ones are simpler the peasants

00:25:14

were quite prosperous, well, there

00:25:15

was a special economic system close to Petrograd,

00:25:17

and so on, the

00:25:20

peasants were very prosperous, but

00:25:22

they didn’t want to fight for the White and Estonian armies at

00:25:25

all

00:25:26

and mostly shirked from service and had the strength

00:25:30

to go to the villages and

00:25:32

catch healthy people there weren’t enough men

00:25:35

killed to be proud, especially since they probably

00:25:37

could have paid this man to

00:25:38

those who could have drafted them into the white army,

00:25:42

I think that these facts also happened at that

00:25:45

time, yes, but nevertheless, despite the fact

00:25:48

that the mobilization failed due to what was

00:25:51

received in the first place weapons

00:25:53

have arrived, supplies have already begun, the Entente has begun

00:25:56

providing serious assistance, it has become clear that in the

00:25:59

spring of

00:26:01

1919 such a real

00:26:03

strike fist is being created

00:26:04

that can be moved directly to

00:26:07

Petrograd, and the future Minister

00:26:11

Ivanov, one of the heads of the future

00:26:13

northwestern government,

00:26:15

had a strategic idea,

00:26:18

but not him he simply

00:26:20

formulated one thing, which was the

00:26:22

following: that it was necessary

00:26:25

to carry out a

00:26:28

lightning-fast attack on Petrograd in the spring-summer of the nineteenth year, that is, the

00:26:30

main thing was to move quickly

00:26:32

so that the Reds simply did not have time to

00:26:34

form their shock units, which

00:26:38

would be accompanied by an uprising

00:26:41

of Petrograd there, and he said that in

00:26:43

an uprising will break out in Petrograd, which the

00:26:45

Reds, by the way,

00:26:47

managed to neutralize quite effectively, and then when

00:26:49

Petrograd is taken, there will be an attack

00:26:52

on Pskov and Novgorod,

00:26:53

by the way, this was linked to the successful

00:26:55

performances of Kolchak and Denikin at that

00:26:57

time, that is, it really should

00:26:59

have been

00:27:00

quite connected with each other, but how do

00:27:02

you evaluate this plan from the

00:27:04

strategic point of view of the attack

00:27:06

on Petrograd from the untaken Pskov, we are with him beyond

00:27:09

Novgorod, wasn’t it dangerous

00:27:11

at that time, it was dangerous, and

00:27:14

moreover, the spring and autumn offensive of the

00:27:17

northwestern army was in many ways an

00:27:19

adventure, they had few forces the rebellion was stretched along the

00:27:22

supply line such a very narrow

00:27:24

thread, but here it was really if it was

00:27:27

possible to apply this term blitzkrieg

00:27:30

it was necessary to reach Petrograd as quickly as possible to

00:27:34

take it for what purpose in order to

00:27:36

firstly

00:27:37

capture Kronstadt capture the

00:27:40

Petrograd port to receive supplies from the

00:27:43

Entente and supply and its quantity or, let’s say, its

00:27:47

power, it weighed directly from

00:27:49

military successes, that is, the

00:27:52

Entente constantly hinted to them by the White Guard leader

00:27:54

that they need to demonstrate pace, roughly

00:27:57

speaking, take Gatchina you will get so much,

00:27:59

then weapons, take Petrograd you

00:28:01

will get so much and the threat from the flank from

00:28:04

Pskov it is always cheerful in

00:28:06

the end it will play a cruel joke with the white armies,

00:28:09

but it was really in

00:28:10

many ways an adventure, and by the way, the whitest people

00:28:13

recognized it, but the adventure here, again, is either the

00:28:16

whites actively acting and attacking, or

00:28:19

they will simply simply be disbanded; the

00:28:22

whites will find themselves without money without a means of

00:28:24

subsistence, and that’s the end of the white war in the

00:28:27

north - the west will end, they had no

00:28:29

choice, as it seems to me, the capture of Petrograd,

00:28:31

and not only it seems to me that there are

00:28:33

literary sources about this, the capture of Petrograd

00:28:36

assumed the possibility of the Entente

00:28:37

paying, including with the industrial

00:28:39

potential of the city, which was of a

00:28:42

certain importance, the

00:28:44

economic interest of the whites then

00:28:46

received

00:28:47

factories and quite modernly, there are

00:28:49

many technological opportunities for

00:28:53

further actions, as is natural,

00:28:56

for example, the French capital of the region

00:28:58

was not interested in

00:29:00

getting it, because even before the First World War,

00:29:02

German capital owned a lot, just like

00:29:04

French French capital, which

00:29:07

was not the last vantach van dances, would

00:29:09

not mind

00:29:10

profiting property was nationalized under the

00:29:12

Soviet regime,

00:29:14

although this also had a certain

00:29:16

moment of adventurousness because at that

00:29:18

moment when the closer the white

00:29:22

army approached Petrograd, the clearer it

00:29:26

became that resistance on the part of the

00:29:28

working class of Petrograd would be

00:29:30

organized and very stubborn, and in the

00:29:32

case of this It was also assumed that

00:29:35

Petrograd would be taken,

00:29:37

it was assumed that the factory

00:29:39

equipment would be destroyed and a significant part of the

00:29:42

workers would leave Petrograd,

00:29:44

so it would be possible that factories would have been obtained,

00:29:47

maybe something could not be

00:29:49

destroyed, for sure if the

00:29:51

White offensive had been sudden and really

00:29:54

rapid, but nevertheless, I’m still on

00:29:56

the site it would seem that she had found a way to ruin

00:30:00

this sweet piece of pie for the

00:30:01

world capitalist class,

00:30:04

she would still have found how to respond, but

00:30:06

nevertheless the whites had no choice, either

00:30:09

they disband and remain out of work

00:30:11

and emigrate somewhere else or

00:30:13

start a war and By the way, who was of

00:30:16

great interest there van dancing in white

00:30:18

at that time, France or England,

00:30:20

in fact, France seemed to be of

00:30:24

great interest there, so it turned out

00:30:26

that French help took a very long time and

00:30:29

basically at that time the White Guards

00:30:32

were helped by the British and them at that time

00:30:36

how suddenly it turned out former enemies

00:30:38

loyal allies Finland Estonia Latvia

00:30:41

these were the main forces that

00:30:43

supported the White Guard

00:30:45

offensive we will talk about this later and

00:30:47

I’ll finish with the plan after all the

00:30:49

plan was the next capture of Petrograd

00:30:52

to seize resources and a further

00:30:54

offensive directly on

00:30:58

Pskov to cut the cutting

00:31:01

of Nikolaev railway that

00:31:04

led to Moscow and a further offensive

00:31:06

to meet is already obtained by Denikin’s army,

00:31:08

which was approaching the time of the Moscow

00:31:10

campaign from the south at this time, by the way,

00:31:13

Kolchak’s troops are moving from the east,

00:31:15

helping the north, interventionists from the

00:31:18

Arkhangelsk and Murmansk region are helping the Finn,

00:31:21

and this is really when we are talking about

00:31:23

Soviet power in the eighteenth year,

00:31:25

which was experiencing very serious

00:31:28

difficulties, in fact, in the nineteenth, the

00:31:30

difficulties were much more serious and

00:31:32

the question arose about whether the

00:31:35

Soviet power and the Soviet

00:31:36

government would remain as a government and whether the

00:31:40

Soviet power would remain in our country

00:31:42

or whether it would simply be liquidated, including

00:31:44

gallows, terror and other things. other

00:31:47

white,

00:31:48

let’s say, manifestations of domestic

00:31:49

politics which we are also talking about, well, that is, I

00:31:51

understand that at that time he needed to take a

00:31:54

very important connection, the

00:31:56

Tass road station, but we probably talk about them

00:31:58

later about productions that

00:32:00

inevitably appear here, as in the

00:32:02

future during the Second World War the war

00:32:04

on infrastructure was quite

00:32:07

limited; in general, moving through this

00:32:10

territory militarily had a certain

00:32:13

complexity, and moreover, the White Guards

00:32:16

took advantage of the fact that they were

00:32:18

inferior to the Red Army at that time in

00:32:22

numbers and technical equipment; they did not

00:32:25

take advantage of the fact that Remezov’s 7th Army,

00:32:28

then numbering twenty-three and a

00:32:31

half thousands of people and what was

00:32:33

actually opposed was a detachment of mixed

00:32:36

Estonian-White Guards of only

00:32:39

3000 people and it would seem where they

00:32:41

went, but this same Remezov army

00:32:43

occupied the territory, yes it turns out to be

00:32:48

sensitive to Lake Onega, that is, as

00:32:50

if we were saying the entire territory in fact

00:32:54

units passed through the modern Leningrad region, they were stretched out

00:32:57

and the main direction of the attack

00:33:00

was supposed to be that probably the intelligence of the

00:33:02

Reds had failed somewhat, it was assumed that on the

00:33:05

Finnish side, the army was mainly

00:33:07

kept at

00:33:08

risk on the isthmus and in the area of

00:33:11

Lake Onega, but by the way, it was not for nothing that the

00:33:13

Finns held at that time, especially in the summer of the

00:33:15

nineteenth year, they didn’t undertake

00:33:17

this very offensive,

00:33:19

we’ll also talk about this in part, but nevertheless, that

00:33:22

is, having really created a certain

00:33:24

fist on the territory of

00:33:28

Narva and between the Chutkoy and Pskov lakes,

00:33:32

the Whites began a very serious offensive,

00:33:34

it was very swift, well, for example, on

00:33:38

May 15, Yamburg was taken in about 17 years,

00:33:42

which is now bears the name of the wonderful

00:33:44

Finnish revolutionaries Kingisepp 25

00:33:48

Pskov was taken Pskov was taken by the Estonian

00:33:51

division of Colonel Puskra

00:33:52

so when we talk about the spring

00:33:55

offensive of the northwestern army it

00:33:58

is wrong to say it is still an

00:33:59

Estonian White Guard offensive

00:34:02

because I repeat the Estonian army

00:34:05

played an active role in everyone stages of

00:34:07

this very offensive in the spring and

00:34:09

autumn it was an intervention of the Estonian

00:34:12

army and

00:34:13

here is one more point since the Reds

00:34:16

were scattered across the territory from clear

00:34:18

to Lake Onega, naturally when

00:34:20

the offensive began and they began

00:34:23

to move very quickly, mostly they

00:34:25

were transferred

00:34:26

either by truck, well this rarely,

00:34:29

most often they moved in marches, they

00:34:31

were very exhausted,

00:34:33

they were poorly fed, and therefore the

00:34:37

understandable level of motivation,

00:34:39

their level of resistance naturally fell, which

00:34:41

is why the whites advanced so rapidly,

00:34:43

well, there were cases of going over to the

00:34:45

side of the whites, I can’t help but remember that

00:34:48

on the night of May 28-29 one of

00:34:53

these, perhaps the most interesting and

00:34:57

unexpected events in the history of

00:34:59

this very offensive, occurred the

00:35:02

betrayal of the third infantry regiment, which

00:35:04

was stationed in the village of Vyra,

00:35:07

this is about six kilometers away, here is an important

00:35:09

road station Siverskaya

00:35:12

of the Warsaw railway, the only one

00:35:15

our viewers should understand is that this is not a

00:35:17

full-blooded infantry regiment just

00:35:19

like the 7th army,

00:35:20

but there was no modern army; the maximum

00:35:23

payroll of the 7th army was about

00:35:26

25 thousand people, this, of course, together with

00:35:30

supply units and civilian

00:35:32

specialists; therefore, one should not assume

00:35:34

that an entire infantry regiment surrendered, for example,

00:35:37

the model of the Russian army of 1913 or 1914 year,

00:35:42

although it must be said that in those conditions this

00:35:45

betrayal led to the fact that, in fact, the path

00:35:48

to Petrograd from the south was actually open,

00:35:51

and how did this betrayal happen? The advanced

00:35:56

units of the Talovsky regiment secretly approached the

00:35:59

faith and entered into negotiations with the

00:36:03

assistant regiment commander, who, by the way, was a

00:36:06

former captain of the tsarist army of hares and the

00:36:09

commander of the first battalion

00:36:10

Sampsonievsky, who was a lieutenant in the

00:36:13

tsarist army, by the way, Samson Nevsky was

00:36:15

a member of the bee bee bee since April 1, 1019,

00:36:19

this is about the question that all the purges

00:36:22

that were proposed, well, for example, Stalin,

00:36:25

remember she and Trotsky had very

00:36:28

numerous discussions during during the

00:36:30

civil war, is it worth it or not to trust a

00:36:32

soldier to specialists, is it worth it or not to clean them, and

00:36:35

so on, just by the way, we

00:36:37

later became together with Zinovia, we sent

00:36:40

a telegram about this egregious case to

00:36:42

Moscow to the Revolutionary Military Council,

00:36:44

after all, there were many such examples,

00:36:46

so it’s clear where Stalin

00:36:48

got it from such an idea to clean up all the

00:36:51

old military experts,

00:36:52

but nevertheless, a member of the All-Russian Communist Party of Belarus

00:36:55

Sampsonievsky

00:36:56

and the assistant commander of the Hares regiment, they

00:37:01

managed to once propagandize

00:37:03

most of this very regiment, they killed the

00:37:07

regiment commander Tavrin, who in the past was the

00:37:10

commander of

00:37:11

one of the units to change the Red

00:37:13

Latvian riflemen and the commissar Rakov

00:37:16

put up fierce resistance, he

00:37:19

fired back to the last from a machine gun and kept the

00:37:21

last bullet from the revolver for himself,

00:37:24

but did not surrender to the enemies of the remaining

00:37:26

commissars and it turns out that the Red Army soldiers

00:37:30

who did not want to give the red

00:37:33

banner were shot and after that they

00:37:38

marched directly in the world in such a ceremonial march since

00:37:41

this is a pack 3 infantry

00:37:43

was created mainly on the basis of the

00:37:47

Semyonovsky regiment, there were spare parts,

00:37:49

they marched under the march of the Tsar’s

00:37:51

Semyonovsky regiment, and Rodzianko, by the way,

00:37:53

ordered the consequences of this regiment to

00:37:55

include the composition of the north-western one and

00:37:57

just under the name of the Semyonovsky

00:37:59

regiment, why this happened is of course

00:38:03

connected with the way this regiment was formed,

00:38:05

what the Red Army lacked at that time was the

00:38:08

lack of, firstly, competent and

00:38:12

motivated commanders who

00:38:14

would come from the ranks of the

00:38:15

barrels and peasants directly, this is just an

00:38:18

example of a specific betrayal and

00:38:20

I have such strong suspicions that when

00:38:22

Sampsonievsky was not just a

00:38:25

momentary traitor who was simply

00:38:27

offered the labs and went over to the side of the

00:38:29

White Army, he so spontaneously agreed,

00:38:31

most likely he was an infiltrated or most

00:38:34

infiltrated agent of the White Guards, that

00:38:36

is, such an ideological enemy of the Soviet

00:38:38

regime who entered one of the

00:38:40

most important areas, again the army, this is the

00:38:44

first moment the second moment of whom

00:38:46

this regiment was formed and it was formed

00:38:49

mainly according to what originally

00:38:51

preserved its function in Petrograd,

00:38:53

those who were shirking the service

00:38:55

directly at the front went there, and some

00:38:57

merchants, some petty

00:39:00

officials and so on went there, that is, there

00:39:02

was quite a petty-bourgeois

00:39:04

worldview among most of the fighters, and the

00:39:07

commissars at that time they were not able to

00:39:09

do serious work and the teacher,

00:39:12

this led to the fact that frog opened up,

00:39:14

although on the other hand, despite the fact that

00:39:16

some labs and subsequently went to Sivirskaya

00:39:19

even blew up a railway bridge

00:39:21

due to the fact that the

00:39:23

Reds were able to very quickly create a number of

00:39:25

units from workers, for example,

00:39:27

Gatchina, which entered the

00:39:29

battle directly,

00:39:31

they were able to quickly eliminate this failure,

00:39:34

and by the way, the Sivirsky

00:39:38

subsequently drove away the lapse of these with

00:39:40

what could the red

00:39:43

troops oppose to this offensive in the spring-summer of the

00:39:46

nineteenth year, they could

00:39:48

oppose, firstly, these

00:39:50

scattered troops that were retreating

00:39:52

under the onslaught of the whites, but these troops

00:39:56

intensified firstly, by communist

00:39:58

working

00:39:59

sailors and were not supported, for example, by

00:40:02

the actions of armored trains, for example,

00:40:04

armored trains number 49 and 26, they rushed

00:40:07

all over, let’s say, Narva at the front,

00:40:10

I support the army with artillery and

00:40:12

machine gun fire, they did not sometimes

00:40:14

play a decisive role, they

00:40:15

gathered at and on equipment which,

00:40:18

of course, which the White Guards

00:40:20

hunted, which they constantly tried to

00:40:22

knock out, the White Guards had their own equipment,

00:40:25

armored cars, tanks, which we will talk about,

00:40:27

but the Reds had an advantage, armored

00:40:30

vehicles, armored trains, which were

00:40:33

damaged during the battles,

00:40:36

they could be transferred to Petrograd and

00:40:40

restored quickly enough, there was a working base

00:40:41

that allowed this to be done, and thanks to It was

00:40:44

this skillful action and high

00:40:46

motivation that the offensive was stopped by the

00:40:49

Whites, of course, it was helped by the fact that the

00:40:53

famous mutiny began at Fort

00:40:56

Krasnaya Gorka and the English fleet began to help to a

00:41:00

certain extent, but

00:41:02

we will not touch on this topic in a separate program for now,

00:41:04

and moreover, the Reds

00:41:08

were not confident in the fact that they will hold

00:41:11

Petrograd to the end, although they fought for it,

00:41:12

the emphasis on Petrograd was divided into combat

00:41:15

areas, basically they coincided with

00:41:18

the areas of Petrograd where there were already

00:41:21

appointed combat detachments that would conduct

00:41:23

street battles, commanders were appointed

00:41:27

responsible there because of the liquidation of

00:41:28

industrial equipment, and so on

00:41:30

began already build fortifications,

00:41:32

dig trenches around Petrograd, especially in the

00:41:36

southwestern and southern directions, and the

00:41:40

most interesting thing here is that the White Guards

00:41:43

seem to have stalled their

00:41:45

offensive significantly

00:41:46

and they first of all began to look for who

00:41:49

was to blame; natural on the watt they

00:41:51

found them among themselves and the Whites began

00:41:53

a conflict which actually coincided with the

00:41:55

fact that they stopped at the walls of

00:41:57

Petrograd, it was a conflict between people

00:42:01

than radiance on the one hand, and

00:42:04

Ivanov’s bular was to things on the other, well,

00:42:06

Soviet sources they call it that

00:42:09

this conflict is not so much personal

00:42:11

because it was Bolatovich for

00:42:13

example had enormous authority in the

00:42:15

army, almost more authority than the

00:42:17

people of Necha because fortunately Balok Ovich

00:42:20

was such a dashing cavalryman who

00:42:23

carried out many different raids, the

00:42:25

troops simply knew him, there was an

00:42:27

ideological conflict because if

00:42:30

Ivanov was adblock o Vich they were

00:42:32

supporters of, let’s say, the bourgeois

00:42:34

democracy is the day of Chara Dianka, they

00:42:37

advocated the monarchical path of development

00:42:39

and this was remembered more and more often, that is,

00:42:42

at first it seemed like the

00:42:43

contradictions were smoothed out, but when the

00:42:45

period of stopping the offensive came,

00:42:48

then the retreat naturally began, they began

00:42:49

to figure it out, maybe you are a traitor, or

00:42:52

maybe you in fact, the red block, the

00:42:54

block to leave, was the red commander, and

00:42:56

so it was in milk, for example, they were

00:42:58

released from the command, they even put them

00:43:00

under house arrest, which naturally the

00:43:02

white troops caused even more confusion

00:43:05

and by the way at that time, for example, the

00:43:09

Latvians could not help the white army

00:43:12

because that they were engaged in battles with

00:43:14

another White Army, Berm, he

00:43:17

gave it, it was initially about the

00:43:19

German army, but oddly enough,

00:43:22

Yudenich’s army was about the Entente, and it fought, as usual,

00:43:24

indivisible Estonia, but about the

00:43:26

German army,

00:43:28

he gave it directly, and it fought just the

00:43:30

same indivisible Russia against Latvia

00:43:33

independently naturally pulled up a

00:43:35

significant number of Latvian troops

00:43:38

and this was also one of the moments that

00:43:42

this White offensive on Petrograd was

00:43:44

somewhat restrained by the Reds to take advantage of this and

00:43:47

so it’s quite interesting when this

00:43:50

offensive ended, when it was

00:43:53

stopped and whether it reached

00:43:54

Petrograd a fortified area

00:43:56

that was formed in July 1919 and was

00:44:01

subordinate to the same 7th Army, already

00:44:03

quite battered, no

00:44:07

whites in general did not reach this fortified area except for

00:44:10

individual reconnaissance units,

00:44:12

just on June 21 the Reds went on the

00:44:16

offensive,

00:44:17

they managed to, despite the fact that the army

00:44:19

really said it correctly

00:44:20

quite battered exhaustingly by my

00:44:22

battles,

00:44:23

by the way, sometimes resistance was shown to the

00:44:26

advancing White Guards, not just that

00:44:29

individual platoons or companies,

00:44:31

sometimes individual machine gunners held back the

00:44:35

advance, individual

00:44:36

riflemen, and even who literally sat there

00:44:39

in the trees and shot

00:44:41

the White Guards, and every hour that the

00:44:43

Red detachments, individual Red Army soldiers

00:44:45

won the Red command

00:44:47

used one hundred percent and managed to

00:44:50

prepare the defense and transfer the necessary

00:44:52

troops by the way, this story reminded me of the

00:44:55

spring and autumn offensive of the

00:44:58

nineteenth year,

00:45:02

many parallels arose in my head

00:45:04

and 41 years, that is, the offensive of the German

00:45:07

army went in approximately the same

00:45:09

directions as the direction of

00:45:11

activity northwestern army day

00:45:13

I was the only one from of course disparate

00:45:16

troops were on both sides in the forty-first

00:45:18

year to give the same roads the

00:45:20

same

00:45:21

key settlements where the fighting took place and

00:45:25

again the White Guards had already reached

00:45:28

Petrograd they had already actually seen they

00:45:31

couldn’t take it, the Germans reached

00:45:34

Petrograd, they saw it from their compass

00:45:36

and just visually they

00:45:39

removed it, for example, from the Pulkovo

00:45:41

Heights, but they couldn’t take it. By the way, there are

00:45:43

a lot of parallels why, but the Germans

00:45:45

stayed longer near Leningrad

00:45:47

then,

00:45:48

well, let’s not have a low-intensity conflict

00:45:51

in this In terms of plan, I absolutely agree and it

00:45:54

turns out that the white forces were

00:45:55

stopped and then a reasonable

00:45:58

question arises: what did they do next?

00:46:00

Organize a static defense

00:46:02

or still retreat under the influence of the

00:46:05

onslaught of the reinforcements that you

00:46:08

said, in fact, both the

00:46:10

bill itself and the white detachments themselves are

00:46:13

enough still grew to 3000, they

00:46:15

grew to 16 and a half thousand sabers and

00:46:19

bayonets, this is a significant force, they were

00:46:21

quite well armed, and at the time of

00:46:23

June 21, when the counteroffensive of the

00:46:26

Red Army began, the Red Army

00:46:28

numbered 23 thousand bayonets and it

00:46:31

was still possible to fight until, but the Whites had already

00:46:34

exhausted the resources of the offensive troops

00:46:37

were also shabby, exhausted, and

00:46:39

they begin a rapid

00:46:41

offensive; they also begin a

00:46:43

rapid retreat because on

00:46:46

June 21, the beginning of the offensive of the

00:46:49

Red Army began; on August 5, Yamburg was already liberated; on

00:46:53

August 20, Pskov and it seems that the

00:46:57

white troops were thrown back to those positions with

00:46:59

which they started, it was here, this is a

00:47:01

complete failure of

00:47:02

this very offensive, but I already

00:47:04

told you in the whitest article, they began to

00:47:07

look for the guilty and even

00:47:09

how they essentially accused them of

00:47:12

collaborating directly with the Reds, and at the

00:47:15

same time, it is very interesting that the

00:47:17

Petrograd fortified area

00:47:19

is was announced already in July 1919, that

00:47:22

is, after the start of the offensive,

00:47:23

therefore it was assumed that this

00:47:26

attack was not the last on Petrograd, and

00:47:28

in any case, it was assumed by the

00:47:31

Red command at that time and the

00:47:33

political leadership, which also

00:47:35

should not be forgotten, and of course the White Guards,

00:47:39

they took into account the fact that then the

00:47:43

offensive was going on and On Denikin’s side and on

00:47:46

Kolchak’s side, they received the necessary

00:47:48

reinforcements, they began to receive very

00:47:51

modern equipment for those times,

00:47:53

for example, the same tanks that we

00:47:55

will talk about separately,

00:47:56

armored cars, airplanes, they received

00:47:59

naval support at some points, and

00:48:02

so on, and they began to prepare a new

00:48:04

offensive, everything was just beginning and

00:48:07

just in the fall, when a

00:48:09

new offensive begins, the hardest thing for

00:48:12

our entire epic was when the

00:48:15

Entente joined when you George noticed in one

00:48:19

of his offensives that thanks to the

00:48:22

results of the First World War, England

00:48:24

received two more seas, by the way, the

00:48:27

black Baltic and it was necessary, as it were, on

00:48:30

these seas to gain a foothold and the presence of a

00:48:32

red state tap very much prevented

00:48:35

this statement from becoming a reality; it was necessary to

00:48:38

help the

00:48:39

white army, as far as I understand, it was necessary to

00:48:42

hurry in the fall; firstly, it was

00:48:44

necessary to be in time, as always, before the

00:48:46

autumn thaw,

00:48:48

and it is advisable to be in time before ice sets

00:48:50

on the Gulf of Finland, because the

00:48:53

Gulf of Finland is everything - it was freezing and the English

00:48:55

fleet, which at that time was helping the

00:48:57

north-western army, was very

00:48:59

problematic to operate in the waters of the

00:49:02

Russian Republic, this also urged the

00:49:05

White Army to the same thing and urged the fact

00:49:07

that on August 26, 1919 an

00:49:10

agreement was signed between Estonia and

00:49:12

Latvia on that the

00:49:13

armies of these countries will help the

00:49:16

White Guard troops at this time,

00:49:19

by the way, Finland

00:49:20

begins its offensive mainly in the

00:49:23

Alla children's direction,

00:49:25

which by the way was choked, but

00:49:27

nevertheless pulled a significant

00:49:29

part of the Red troops upon itself in general, the

00:49:33

Whites had to launch an offensive

00:49:34

and just the offensive began, it

00:49:37

was supported by the first 2 Estonian

00:49:40

divisions, and when we talked to

00:49:43

you, we pierced the operation, we said

00:49:45

that the Reds used

00:49:48

Raskolnikov as such an allegedly

00:49:50

proactive commander who, at his own

00:49:53

peril and risk, decides to

00:49:54

attack Intel; the

00:49:58

Estonians did the same thing in 1919

00:50:01

supposedly the first 2 Estonian divisions

00:50:04

acted in the Petrograd direction

00:50:07

on the personal initiative of Johann Lyon Hole,

00:50:11

that is, there was such a general and

00:50:13

take it like Estonia, in case of success, he will say

00:50:18

that they say we took this territory, and in

00:50:21

case of failure, he can always put all the

00:50:22

blame on this general and

00:50:25

like me said the Finns were advancing in the Donetsk

00:50:28

province, Denikin was advancing from the south, in

00:50:31

fact, the Red Army was again experiencing

00:50:34

tension beyond the tension, and by the way,

00:50:38

moreover, at the end of June 19, Yudenich

00:50:41

received, among other things, 1 million francs for the needs of the army, it’s

00:50:43

true a loan and I must

00:50:46

say that if one speaks and the shadows he

00:50:48

completely converted this money into

00:50:50

quite successful offensive

00:50:51

actions and the offensive, I must say, was

00:50:54

really successful, so the loan was

00:50:56

still worked out well because,

00:50:59

again, Petrograd prices drove up and

00:51:03

in November, when the troops already saw the

00:51:06

dome of St. Isaac

00:51:09

of Dalmatia, by the way, there was

00:51:10

a work that is called

00:51:12

about what happened in Gatchina in the

00:51:16

nineteenth year, especially in the fall, all

00:51:19

Petrograd was in front of the whites, it was

00:51:22

virtually defenseless and therefore, as

00:51:25

you remember, in 40

00:51:26

this year, too, sometimes the death of the Soviet

00:51:29

various media said that Moscow was

00:51:32

all Petrograd, I apologize for that moment,

00:51:35

of course Leningrad

00:51:37

these leaflets were taken and distributed, various ones,

00:51:40

surrender, Russian soldiers, valiant

00:51:42

Leningrad, Moscow was taken as a gift, the same thing

00:51:45

spread all over the world, various media

00:51:48

wrote that Petrograd was full of examples, the

00:51:51

White Guard newspaper Donskaya Speech in the

00:51:55

issue of November 15 described

00:51:58

Petrograd just like that, put a wonderful northern

00:52:01

fairy tale

00:52:02

in Berlin The White Guard generals

00:52:05

ordered a prayer service that

00:52:08

Petrograd had finally been taken, it all had to fall, and

00:52:11

indeed the troops were already standing

00:52:13

directly in Tsarskoe Selo; the

00:52:15

whites were standing in the Kolpino area; they were standing in the

00:52:18

area of the modern police station,

00:52:21

Krasnoye Selo and Pulkovo, and thus

00:52:23

the front passed approximately along those in the same

00:52:27

places as he passed 41 44 years,

00:52:31

but still there were some significant

00:52:33

differences, in particular the paradoxical,

00:52:35

by the way, of not taking the railway station,

00:52:38

which allowed the Reds

00:52:39

to transfer their reinforcements by

00:52:41

rail, and by the way, quite

00:52:44

successfully

00:52:45

in this difficult time, the Reds were able to

00:52:47

achieve fairly good results in the

00:52:50

movement of trains up to 500 kilometers per

00:52:53

day, and in some cases it was possible

00:52:55

to do

00:52:56

that, which was quite difficult in the conditions of the

00:52:59

collapse of the railway infrastructure, but

00:53:01

why do you think it was never

00:53:04

taken, was it only due to the military mistake of the Whites,

00:53:07

or were there some other reasons also

00:53:10

present, well, the first

00:53:12

offensive of the Bels began to fizzle out

00:53:14

simply because of fatigue, their army did

00:53:17

not march for too long, they entered into

00:53:19

serious, exhausting battles

00:53:22

which very often,

00:53:24

well, there were such battles of local importance, but there

00:53:26

were a lot of them, the red ones

00:53:28

really fought very well, the

00:53:30

red sailors acted very well in the

00:53:33

area, just like a fort a red hill and a

00:53:37

gray horse, for

00:53:38

example, when one of the battles of such

00:53:42

local importance, when the whites tried to take the village, the

00:53:45

hotels the reds

00:53:46

very well integrated the defense into the terrain,

00:53:49

how they first occupied the local palace,

00:53:52

turning it into essentially a year and

00:53:56

controlling the machine guns with the help of machine guns, the

00:53:58

whites tried to go around

00:54:01

through the lowland where the

00:54:04

primary and other ponds were located were

00:54:06

stopped again by machine-gun fire, that

00:54:08

is, the Reds were very good at

00:54:10

holding back the

00:54:11

Whites as best they could, that is, the Whites were simply

00:54:14

tired, by the way, at the same time, it was

00:54:17

in August and October that our

00:54:20

Leningrad land first learned such a

00:54:22

thing as

00:54:23

tank battles, and there were several whites, they

00:54:27

had their own tanks, mostly they were

00:54:29

Mark 5 tanks, a British

00:54:33

tank detachment of 48 people was even created under the

00:54:35

command of Major Hope Carlson a

00:54:38

month later, although they still received it in

00:54:40

August, the first echelon arrived with my husband,

00:54:43

so to speak, later received two more tanks

00:54:45

of dinner by the way, they also removed such yes yes and

00:54:48

these tanks they had big names

00:54:51

first aid is clear British aid

00:54:55

captain except brown bear white soldier

00:54:58

volunteer liberation they by the way were

00:55:01

expressed quite powerful at that time with a

00:55:03

thirty-seven mm cannon and

00:55:05

two 7-caliber machine guns 62

00:55:08

one was located along the path of the tank forward,

00:55:11

the other looked back, and these tanks were

00:55:14

supported by infantry, that is,

00:55:16

real tank

00:55:17

infantry units were created that helped take certain

00:55:20

positions and the Reds at that time,

00:55:22

in fact, very often did not have enough strength

00:55:25

to stop them there there were guns there were no

00:55:28

machine guns of any kind digging

00:55:30

third anti-tank trenches

00:55:33

anti-tank ditches I apologize,

00:55:35

but nevertheless it was said very often, for

00:55:37

example, in a battle with the bare hands,

00:55:41

sometimes a machine gun was torn out of these

00:55:43

Red cadet tanks, the battles were very brutal

00:55:46

new, of course, although at the very beginning in at the

00:55:49

very beginning of the tank operations, the tanks,

00:55:51

as far as I understand, you can

00:55:53

correct me, were found in the so

00:55:55

-called 7th column of the attackers, they

00:55:58

encountered a great difficulty,

00:55:59

the difficulty was that a

00:56:03

bridge was blown up that could withstand the weight of

00:56:06

armored car tanks, for example, they

00:56:08

could easily pass in the future and the tanks had to

00:56:10

wait for their the queue of armor in

00:56:13

trains of whites was exactly the same

00:56:15

big problem, plus the

00:56:17

lack of infrastructure for supporting

00:56:19

tanks plus British types, let me remind you

00:56:22

that each such tank required 8

00:56:25

qualified shooters and, in general,

00:56:27

operators of this tank, and

00:56:29

it must be said that repairing these

00:56:33

tanks in the field was a

00:56:35

significant difficulty; doing this

00:56:37

was difficult again, of course,

00:56:40

they did not support with cannon fire, but with machine gun fire, but

00:56:42

still it was very effective,

00:56:44

and by the way, the red Finnish cadets of the

00:56:47

squads in the village of Kosheleva went

00:56:50

by the way, as I said, in a bayonet

00:56:52

attack they managed to snatch the machine guns of the machine

00:56:54

inside Kuprin, he describes that they say the

00:56:57

red leaders deceived the cadets that they

00:57:01

they say the British tanks are made of plywood, well,

00:57:04

you know, if they deceived it, it

00:57:07

worked because the tank

00:57:10

was essentially rendered harmless in this way, but in fact, the tank at

00:57:13

that time had very poor

00:57:16

observation devices in order to detect

00:57:18

sneaking cadets; indeed,

00:57:21

at that time it was quite possible to do this

00:57:23

maybe bad sighting devices

00:57:24

for shooting from machine guns

00:57:27

bad commander's cupola, more precisely, even

00:57:30

then it was impossible to talk about the

00:57:31

commander's cupola communication between the tanks there

00:57:34

was no radio communication at that time,

00:57:37

I mean leaning out of the tank is dangerous

00:57:39

until there was no other alarm, that is, in the

00:57:42

combat itself The application of this mod was

00:57:44

very difficult for the white infantry to approach the

00:57:47

tanks at that time, for example, you could

00:57:49

knock and give some signals

00:57:52

at that time there was no such thing, so it

00:57:54

was not only heroism on the part of the

00:57:56

Reds, but also,

00:57:57

in my opinion, a completely reasonable action on that At the

00:58:00

moment, it was possible to fight with machines like this

00:58:02

on and quite effectively, it must be said

00:58:04

that on the German front, the Germans at one

00:58:07

time tried to fight

00:58:09

tanks in the same way, but it was much more difficult, and

00:58:11

because combat use on the German

00:58:14

front on the Western Front during the

00:58:16

First World War was precisely such a

00:58:18

tactic It was difficult because the

00:58:20

covering fire was quite strong and the

00:58:23

tanks were protected from the flanks. Well, it must

00:58:27

still be said that the whites were counting

00:58:30

on the psychological significance of these

00:58:32

tanks, that the red ones would simply be scared, because

00:58:34

many of them had not seen these

00:58:36

tanks; for many it was a surprise,

00:58:39

but the red one very quickly we learned to

00:58:41

fight them on October 32, 4, in a battle near a village, a

00:58:44

new picture during the White attack

00:58:46

on Tsarskoe Selo, for example, they managed to

00:58:48

organize a Red

00:58:49

artillery ambush, knock out two tanks,

00:58:52

which the Whites, with heavy losses, managed to

00:58:54

tow to their positions, or for

00:58:56

example, during the battles for the villages

00:58:59

Antonovo there was a battle for the northern outskirts of

00:59:01

this village they were able to use grenades, that is, they were

00:59:04

able to create a bunch of grenades, an

00:59:07

improvised one was knocked out, for example, two

00:59:08

Ricardo tanks that were out of order, that

00:59:11

is, the red one was really taught to

00:59:13

fight even with the most modern weapons

00:59:15

before with these means, how

00:59:16

would they have it, was this the first moment

00:59:19

why the offensive floundered

00:59:21

again, just like during the spring

00:59:23

offensive, so during the autumn offensive there was

00:59:25

an expectation that there would be some kind of

00:59:28

uprising in Petrograd itself, it did

00:59:30

n’t happen, firstly, the police, the

00:59:33

then bodies of the Cheka worked very

00:59:36

efficiently, they were able to

00:59:38

actually uncover all the conspiracies

00:59:40

one conspiracy did not come true and for example the

00:59:43

police in 919 managed to

00:59:47

arrest about 18 thousand people, in

00:59:49

fact this is for a front-line city,

00:59:53

you will agree it’s not enough, but

00:59:56

it must be said that the police in general,

00:59:57

all the structures that provided

00:59:59

security and for quite a long time were

01:00:02

subordinate to the revolutionary committee, which

01:00:04

controlled them completely in a different way,

01:00:05

plus in Petrograd, starting from October 15, a

01:00:08

state of siege was in force, which

01:00:11

also provided for a complete change in the

01:00:13

structure of power, everything was

01:00:16

concentrated on

01:00:17

maintaining power in Petrograd

01:00:19

in any way, and by the way, this is probably

01:00:23

the topic of a separate video, the fight against

01:00:25

counter-revolution by the internal affairs bodies

01:00:27

during the civil war,

01:00:29

but let's go back 18,000 were arrested, by the

01:00:32

way, for the so-called agitation, the

01:00:36

revolutionary code was arrested, of which only

01:00:38

153 people were mainly arrested for

01:00:41

economic crimes such as

01:00:43

speculation or misappropriation of a

01:00:46

sufficiently large amount of

01:00:47

food. By the way, at that time there

01:00:48

was no famine in Petrograd, but there were

01:00:51

large shortages of food and

01:00:53

about 6,200 people were arrested for

01:00:58

banditry, theft, robbery, and so on, that

01:01:01

is, the expectation that the rear of the Reds would be, so to

01:01:03

speak, chaotic, the Whites also did not

01:01:07

materialize, but by the way, it is necessary to

01:01:09

remember that it was during the

01:01:12

autumn offensive that not

01:01:15

only the Petrograd fortified area was formed,

01:01:17

but Petrograd internal

01:01:19

defensive region,

01:01:21

Avrov’s command prepared for

01:01:23

urban battles in every sense, not only

01:01:26

in the military sense, but as you said,

01:01:29

also in law enforcement, accordingly, is it

01:01:31

true that the Soviet government at that

01:01:33

time was preparing some especially important

01:01:35

objects for demolition and destruction? Yes,

01:01:38

moreover, it was a dispute between

01:01:41

Zinoviev, essentially the head of Petrograd at that time,

01:01:44

and Stalin on the question of

01:01:47

whether it is worth evacuating

01:01:48

Petrograd or not, I say that

01:01:51

Petrograd can be held, but in the end it was

01:01:53

kept, by the way, a dispute then,

01:01:56

in the period of various 20-30 years, they

01:02:00

regularly recalled mentioned and so

01:02:02

on but the most important thing is that if the whites had

01:02:06

really broken through the city

01:02:08

blocks, what would have given them in the first place and

01:02:10

heavy street battles would have awaited them, that is,

01:02:12

barricades were prepared by the way in the

01:02:15

conditions of a front-line city that the

01:02:17

whites could take, in fact,

01:02:20

all the services worked very well I

01:02:23

I gave a weld, I’ll give one example, it’s

01:02:24

very interesting when one of the workers,

01:02:27

or let’s say the unit, was given the task of

01:02:29

dismantling an old house where no one

01:02:32

lived, a wooden one, preparing a

01:02:34

barricade, when they started doing this,

01:02:36

pulling the house apart log by log, the

01:02:39

fire brigade appeared and drove them away

01:02:41

because it was some kind of violation fire

01:02:44

safety, that is, even the fire

01:02:45

service worked very well, that is, the

01:02:47

city was all services worked in a

01:02:50

disciplined manner, workers produced

01:02:52

military products,

01:02:54

military equipment was repaired, various names about

01:02:56

usually factory committees trained

01:02:59

self-defense units, by the way, more than

01:03:01

two thousand party members in these difficult

01:03:04

moments of August September October

01:03:06

were sent to front in the

01:03:08

active army, they became the shock units

01:03:11

of these units, which, well, in the

01:03:15

right areas, played a decisive role, that

01:03:17

is, the party and all Soviet bodies

01:03:20

worked just fine, the offensive was

01:03:23

really stopped, and just

01:03:26

when on October 21 the Whites were

01:03:29

stopped

01:03:30

on the line as I told the cop the red

01:03:33

village of Kolpino is

01:03:35

very similar to the front line in

01:03:38

1941, and despite the fact that

01:03:40

they already had a clear view of Petrograd, at

01:03:43

just that time Trotsky

01:03:46

gave the order to begin the offensive, and

01:03:50

he created a strike force due to the

01:03:52

fact that Tosna was held

01:03:54

and along the Nikolaev railway trains went

01:03:56

one after another, despite the fact that they were

01:03:58

driven very often without hot food in

01:04:02

the cold, that is, there was a certain

01:04:04

percentage of people with colds, and so on, and

01:04:06

almost from the wheel the axles did not enter into battle,

01:04:08

so to speak,

01:04:09

the offensive 40,000 group began

01:04:13

its offensive, by the way, this

01:04:15

offensive enjoyed great

01:04:17

support from the population, which nevertheless

01:04:19

managed to find out what, let’s

01:04:21

say, white-white power is, well, in

01:04:24

particular, during the battles for the city of Pushkin,

01:04:27

then it was called Tsarskoe Selo, there was

01:04:29

an episode when a local intelligent

01:04:32

simply showed the red detachment

01:04:35

that, for example, the territory of the park there

01:04:37

and there he saw the white

01:04:39

infantry units located and the red ones opened

01:04:42

mounted on horseback and inflicted significant

01:04:45

damage on these white troops when on November 3,

01:04:48

1019 they recaptured Gatchina, they

01:04:52

discovered that the whites there were

01:04:54

really engaged in great

01:04:55

terror, well according to the most approximate

01:04:58

data, they shot 30 people, well, there’s

01:05:01

no need to say that this is a little, after

01:05:03

all, they weren’t there

01:05:06

for long before, and for example, they shot

01:05:08

people who just there was a case

01:05:10

that Kuprin described when a

01:05:13

mentally ill young man, Jews,

01:05:15

just went to the market and began to say

01:05:17

that you were doing the wrong thing, that the

01:05:19

Reds actually

01:05:20

stood for a good cause, he was simply

01:05:23

shot, although

01:05:24

they said about him that he was just

01:05:25

mentally ill, don’t touch him,

01:05:27

they shot him, they

01:05:28

also shot those who were considered

01:05:30

comrades-in-arms of the

01:05:32

Soviet regime, that is, white terror in the

01:05:34

occupied territories was in the territories

01:05:36

and people saw that, by the way, white

01:05:38

officers sometimes behave incorrectly,

01:05:40

mostly by the way, they don’t

01:05:42

behave, that drunkenness,

01:05:43

robberies are common, and so on, that is,

01:05:46

and the population mainly

01:05:49

supported the Reds at that time, we also need to

01:05:52

remember that the whites did not solve one of the

01:05:54

cornerstone problems and namely,

01:05:55

food for which was relevant

01:05:57

for Petrograd itself but natural for the

01:05:59

population of the adjacent areas to it,

01:06:02

well, how could they decide, in fact,

01:06:05

they did not receive such economic

01:06:06

assistance that would allow them and

01:06:09

thus win the sympathy of the local

01:06:11

population, they supplied their troops with

01:06:14

great with difficulty, by the way, by

01:06:17

the way, they received supplies

01:06:18

mainly from England and very often in the

01:06:21

boxes that went with food

01:06:23

or with weapons and ammunition there were

01:06:26

some strange things, for example, they

01:06:28

received one day in August a load of boxes of

01:06:32

which there were English rifles, they opened

01:06:35

and they discovered there they were very important in the conditions of

01:06:38

the war at that time

01:06:39

guess what rapiers yes you are talking about well you

01:06:42

know this Mardan this story of the gift

01:06:45

of feasting the question is how they appeared there on the

01:06:47

one hand it could be such

01:06:49

sloppiness of English military

01:06:51

officials at the same time let’s

01:06:53

remember what was happening in England then a movement is growing,

01:06:56

which got its name from

01:06:58

its slogan, hands off Soviet

01:07:00

Russia, when workers went on

01:07:02

strikes, staged sabotage, sabotage,

01:07:05

so that military products sent by the

01:07:08

white army did not reach their destination,

01:07:10

or reached a point that was

01:07:11

not necessary, this was also either, or

01:07:14

simply these rifles were replaced by

01:07:16

rapiers altogether not the British, we, too,

01:07:19

will never suspiciously

01:07:21

remove whites from whites who actually

01:07:24

died, or do you mean these rifles

01:07:27

were sold to someone, a good legend,

01:07:30

good rifles, but in other hands

01:07:33

they took the green money and it

01:07:35

turns out that Trotsky who arrived in

01:07:37

Petrograd 17 October 1919, in

01:07:41

principle, he was able to

01:07:43

organize this offensive impulse quite well,

01:07:45

or do you think that he was more of a

01:07:47

political figure, he was and no, I

01:07:50

will not say that he was only a

01:07:51

political figure, he was also a

01:07:54

fief organizer in some

01:07:56

moments quite talented, but this is the

01:07:58

topic in a separate program, I think we

01:08:00

will have a specialist, so the question

01:08:02

will tell us everything in detail, and so

01:08:06

by the way, regarding the food

01:08:07

supply, the really white ones were

01:08:09

already experiencing a shortage of all ammunition,

01:08:11

reinforcements in food, the most

01:08:13

important thing since their main attack was

01:08:15

aimed at Petrograd and the

01:08:18

railway station Tosno then, in

01:08:22

fact, the right flank was exposed,

01:08:25

on which the

01:08:27

red detachments actually went, and this very flank,

01:08:30

which turned out to be

01:08:33

open, led to the fact that the whites not

01:08:36

only began to retreat in

01:08:38

order; by the way, during the spring

01:08:41

campaign, they also retreated here to us in

01:08:43

comparative order, they

01:08:46

simply fled there, well, in particular, the

01:08:49

governor-general of Peter

01:08:52

Petrograd or St. Petersburg Glazenap with the

01:08:55

ministers fled from Gatchina, that is, the

01:08:56

government for Petrograd was prepared, the

01:08:58

governor-general was prepared, this

01:09:00

ideal the governor runs, among other things, on a

01:09:03

train with the lights extinguished and the generals and

01:09:06

the ministers were trembling and sitting,

01:09:08

according to the recollections of one of the members of this

01:09:11

government, with revolvers loaded

01:09:13

in their hands, this government was supposed to

01:09:16

be Russian, or more precisely the government of the

01:09:18

Russian state, or this is the Estonian

01:09:20

government, here probably our

01:09:22

viewers will clarify, well, of course there were

01:09:25

Russian or not-so-Russian names,

01:09:29

but it was assumed how

01:09:32

to implement, of course, a Russian government should have been

01:09:34

created, that’s how

01:09:37

the issue with the Estonians would have been resolved in general,

01:09:39

of course, the Estonians would most likely have received

01:09:41

significant victories in the

01:09:44

joint offensive, significant

01:09:46

preferences, for example, the station

01:09:48

took aim at the entire Baltic fleet,

01:09:51

which was in the Marquis in a puddle between

01:09:53

Kronstadt and Petrograd the sun, of course,

01:09:56

would have received a significant part of

01:09:58

the territory, but I think at least

01:10:02

Lake Peipus would have turned into the

01:10:05

internal lake of Estonia, that’s for sure, that

01:10:06

is, they were not left at a loss, and

01:10:09

this rapid retreat when the

01:10:11

whites lost entire units

01:10:13

of ammunition ended with the Estonian

01:10:16

border and how grateful the Estonian

01:10:19

the government repaid the White Guards,

01:10:22

she

01:10:23

interned this army, but then the

01:10:26

difficulties of his Estonians with the

01:10:29

advancing Red Army began, the

01:10:31

Estonians had to conclude

01:10:34

territorial diplomatic other

01:10:36

agreements directly with Soviet

01:10:40

Russia, I’ll just say that in fact, the

01:10:42

rest of the northwestern army had to for

01:10:45

quite a long time for a long time they

01:10:46

fought to be allowed into the

01:10:49

territory in Estonia,

01:10:50

they were interned, the consequences were, in

01:10:53

fact, for a long time the Estonians did not allow

01:10:55

him to go to their border, so to

01:10:58

speak, although they were I completely agree with you

01:10:59

on the situation of

01:11:01

internees, but at the same time the Estonians did not want them

01:11:04

to see them on their territory, they did not want to

01:11:06

accept them for allowance, to fulfill

01:11:08

any agreements to maintain

01:11:10

this army in at least some proper

01:11:13

condition, it very quickly degraded

01:11:15

due to the disease of

01:11:17

traditional front-line soldiers for the civil

01:11:19

war, for the First World War, then

01:11:21

typhus because there was enough in the neck

01:11:24

a lot of these are other infectious

01:11:25

diseases; this is the impossibility of

01:11:27

qualified medical care for the

01:11:29

wounded; there were quite a lot of them at that

01:11:32

time;

01:11:45

in an open space, not

01:11:48

in any barracks, but

01:11:50

just in a field, by and large, and I

01:11:53

remind you that it was November December,

01:11:55

that is, these are real December frosts

01:11:58

and therefore the pain it hit the Guards

01:12:00

Army surprisingly went on in almost

01:12:03

geometric progression and it

01:12:05

did not stop after the Estonians

01:12:07

finally allowed them to cross or their

01:12:09

border on the contrary even intensified, but this

01:12:12

gratitude, that is, on the one hand,

01:12:13

this is like the Estonian army,

01:12:16

but this is like not an Estonian case of victory,

01:12:19

this is the Estonian army, so please

01:12:21

give us these Baltic territories

01:12:23

and the case of defeat Sorry, this is the

01:12:25

first time we’ve seen you, and in general, maybe you

01:12:27

should go back to Soviet Russia, no, but

01:12:30

we’ll think it ended with the fact that after

01:12:32

all, a decision was made to let the

01:12:35

remnants of the White Guard corps into

01:12:37

immediate Estonia, and here’s the

01:12:40

moment:

01:12:41

where should the Russian White Guard

01:12:44

soldiers and many officers wanted to

01:12:46

stay in Estonia, the Estonians began

01:12:49

to sell these White Guards the right,

01:12:52

guess what, for citizenship, probably

01:12:55

for citizenship, the right for the right to obtain

01:12:57

citizenship, that is, this is such a valuable

01:13:00

document, a complex structure, a

01:13:02

verbal guarantee from your important people,

01:13:05

and there was a funny story with one White Guard, was

01:13:08

he stressed? in

01:13:10

my opinion, 20 thousand francs for the fact that he

01:13:13

gets the opportunity to obtain

01:13:15

citizenship, and on the day when the Estonian

01:13:19

government decided not to

01:13:20

give him citizenship at all, they

01:13:22

managed to charge him another thousand francs, but

01:13:24

they are solvent, the White Guards of

01:13:27

the north, the Westerners, as they called themselves,

01:13:29

what they had to do

01:13:30

their dilemma was much more complicated, in

01:13:33

my opinion, either stay in these

01:13:36

camps or return to Soviet

01:13:38

Russia, someone took advantage of this

01:13:40

opportunity to return to the red

01:13:42

territory, but later, of course,

01:13:45

some soldiers took advantage, let’s

01:13:47

say the White Guards, but

01:13:50

in general it must be said that during the retreat, he

01:13:51

again walked and the process of reverse

01:13:54

defections to the Red troops was also

01:13:56

common, by the way, very often the

01:13:59

Reds simply dismissed the soldiers to

01:14:01

go home, but there was a case when they

01:14:06

attacked one meizu in early November, where there was an

01:14:09

ammunition depot and uniforms, which was

01:14:12

guarded by some small detachment of, I’m not

01:14:14

mistaken, 200 old people who were

01:14:17

mobilized Accordingly, it was

01:14:18

said that they were simply released to go home and the

01:14:20

young people were poured into the Red troops, that

01:14:22

is, this also happened, again, it

01:14:24

was a

01:14:25

mutual process, that is, from the White army to the

01:14:27

Red army, under certain

01:14:29

conditions, from the Red army to the White one, and so on, but

01:14:32

let’s still return to the results before

01:14:35

this very offensive, both spring

01:14:38

and autumn, of course, due to the fact that

01:14:41

it was adventurism and it was a calculation

01:14:44

that the more successes the White Guard units

01:14:48

show, the more

01:14:51

credits and ammunition they will receive,

01:14:54

and quick successes mean a quick

01:14:57

attack on the exposed flank

01:15:00

extended communications but

01:15:02

ultimately exhausted troops, this

01:15:04

ultimately led to defeat as well as the

01:15:07

really good command

01:15:10

that quickly learned from the Foreign Ministry the red

01:15:12

command of the transfer of troops, that is, the

01:15:14

red army and railway

01:15:16

departments coped with this transfer both in

01:15:19

the spring and in the summer in the fall of the

01:15:21

nineteenth year Petrograd

01:15:25

essentially turned into a fortress city,

01:15:28

that is, armed with work detachments

01:15:33

having a party personnel base which was

01:15:36

thrown into the most important direction, all

01:15:39

this really worked and therefore

01:15:41

Petrograd remained red,

01:15:43

but due to the fact that the borders remained the

01:15:46

same between the borders of lady's Estonia,

01:15:49

this is the story of 1919 in fact,

01:15:52

for Petrograd subsequently in the 20s and the

01:15:55

eyes to study are very bad and by the way for the residents of

01:15:58

St. Petersburg

01:15:59

it might be interesting in the 20s

01:16:02

there was a very serious discussion in the party

01:16:04

government, including on the results of the

01:16:07

nineteenth year when Petrograd

01:16:09

was almost taken by the whites twice

01:16:11

received the name of the discussion about the

01:16:14

attenuation of Petrograd or the attenuation of

01:16:17

Leningrad, subsequently the discussion was as

01:16:19

follows due to the fact that Petrograd

01:16:21

Leningrad is located close to the Estonian,

01:16:25

Latvian and Finnish borders, it is always

01:16:28

on the front line, it is very

01:16:30

easy to capture and we saw just an

01:16:32

example of the offensive of the White Guards in the

01:16:33

spring in the fall when they quickly approached

01:16:36

Petrograd, the second moment was that

01:16:39

the White Guard or some other forces could

01:16:41

easily cut the railways and

01:16:44

interrupt the supply of Petrograd from

01:16:48

Moscow and especially the southern provinces,

01:16:50

first of all, fuel supply

01:16:52

because, again, there was no coal of their own

01:16:55

near Petrograd, it was imported without the

01:16:57

factories of the plant simply would

01:16:58

not work, and in the party environment of the

01:17:02

Petrograd Leningraders the idea arose

01:17:04

that we should simply take the

01:17:06

lion's share of the population of Petrograd and

01:17:09

transfer all the factories and factories to a much

01:17:11

safer place, that is, to the Urals, in this

01:17:14

way Petrograd would simply

01:17:15

fade away and its population would decrease

01:17:18

approximately three quarters of this should have

01:17:20

happened, according to some data, at the end of the 20

01:17:23

20s,

01:17:24

but thanks to the fact that Sergei Mironovich Kirov was at the head of the allegro,

01:17:29

these conversations stopped, that is, it

01:17:33

was said that in the event of a new war,

01:17:35

Leningrad would continue to be a

01:17:37

fortress city, as It happened in the forty-

01:17:39

first year that fuel problems would be

01:17:42

solved through the search for local

01:17:45

fuel, for example, various peat

01:17:47

developments, that is, talk about the attenuation

01:17:51

is a choker, so to speak, but

01:17:54

really in 20-30 before, in general,

01:17:58

throughout the entire Soviet Union, the topic of the

01:18:01

attack on Petrograd by

01:18:03

Yudenich’s army was regularly raised.

01:18:07

there were a number of topics

01:18:09

if there were any literary works,

01:18:11

poems, films, let’s remember at least the

01:18:14

unforgettable film 1919, it was included in a

01:18:18

certain epic of Stalin, well, we

01:18:22

can say yes, we just know Stalin

01:18:25

played a certain role in the Petrograd

01:18:28

defense, but perhaps when we talk about

01:18:30

Red Hill, we will touch on the role Stalin in

01:18:34

this liberation operation and also in the

01:18:38

naval operation and so on, that is, for

01:18:42

Soviet historiography the defense of

01:18:45

Petrograd in 1919 was the most important

01:18:48

topic and despite the fact that today we

01:18:50

talked very briefly,

01:18:53

many of the topics that we outlined

01:18:55

remain later for future videos with

01:18:59

which about which we will talk with

01:19:01

new experts,

01:19:03

I think that we will address the topic of the defense of Petrograd

01:19:05

again and again and again

01:19:11

[music]

Description:

В 1919 году белогвардейцы, возглавляемые Юденичем, предприняли попытку наступления на Петроград. Глеб Таргонский и Владимир Зайцев расскажут о походе Юденича Родзянко, о роли Сталина, о роли Эстонии и Англии, и об обороне Петрограда. Канал Революционная Инициатива: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzrFjkzu4i10l48vstsgrnQ Аудиоверсия: https://files.krasnoe.tv/files/audio/CivilWar/Nastuplenie_Yudenicha.mp3 Благодарим подписчиков за поддержку канала. Новые видео появляются, благодаря вашей поддержке! Карта Сбербанка: 4274320053142660 Яндекс.Деньги: 100115761035574 PayPal: paypal.me/krasnoetv2020 Webmoney: 158698007489 Для удобства платежа, настройте шаблон платежей в вашем онлайн банке, и помогайте проекту на постоянной основе. Мнения авторов не всегда совпадают с точкой зрения редакции. Мы в ВК: https://vk.com/ktv_ru Мы в ФБ: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Мы в ТГ: https://t.me/krasnoetv

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