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00:00:00

I welcome you to the knock channel When

00:00:02

you travel in a long-

00:00:04

distance train, you use sockets

00:00:06

to charge your devices

00:00:08

Use lighting for reading Well, or

00:00:11

just a comfortable stay not in

00:00:13

the dark all the time, the

00:00:17

air conditioning creates a comfortable temperature in the carriage, if there is one, of course, so that

00:00:19

these three the systems that I have listed and

00:00:22

also many others that worked are necessary

00:00:25

Electricity and in this video I will

00:00:27

tell you exactly where it comes from in the carriage,

00:00:30

someone may immediately have a thought

00:00:31

like why bother signing here? If

00:00:34

everything is obvious, the electricity in the carriages

00:00:36

comes from the locomotive and that’s all here

00:00:38

sometimes, of course, it happens like this. However,

00:00:40

at the department, the system is a little more

00:00:42

cunning. So,

00:00:44

first of all, let’s remember once again what exactly

00:00:47

electricity is needed in a passenger

00:00:49

car: heating, lighting,

00:00:51

air conditioning and sockets, and also an

00:00:54

electric door drive and other small

00:00:56

consumers. Well, more precisely The sockets themselves do

00:00:58

not consume electricity

00:01:00

until someone plugs something into them; those

00:01:02

who want it, of course,

00:01:04

find themselves very quickly, and of all this, the

00:01:07

most energy-consuming is

00:01:09

heating; the heating boiler in the car

00:01:12

is designed in such a way that it can be

00:01:14

heated with electricity, that is, it

00:01:16

is provided Tubular

00:01:18

electric heater and coal heaters for

00:01:20

passenger electric locomotives, whether

00:01:22

DC or AC,

00:01:24

provide a heating line output with a

00:01:27

nominal voltage of 3 kV, and the

00:01:29

boiler heater does not matter at all what type of

00:01:32

current is AC or

00:01:34

DC. Therefore, the

00:01:36

system does not need additional transformations on

00:01:38

DC electric locomotives;

00:01:40

electricity into the heating circuit comes

00:01:43

directly from the contact network, and on

00:01:45

AC electric locomotives with a

00:01:47

separate section of the secondary winding of the

00:01:49

traction transformer. In general,

00:01:51

I talked about the design of different electric locomotives

00:01:53

here, you can see here by following

00:01:55

the prompt, when connecting an electric locomotive to a

00:01:57

passenger train, the

00:01:59

socket of the first car is connected to the

00:02:02

corresponding heating terminal of the

00:02:04

electric locomotive using Tolstoy cable

00:02:06

As for diesel locomotives, at the

00:02:09

moment in Russia there is only one

00:02:11

passenger diesel locomotive that has

00:02:13

the ability to supply boilers in cars with

00:02:15

electricity with a voltage of 3,000 V, this is p

00:02:18

70B, but if the Train is traveling under

00:02:22

any other diesel locomotive or under an electric

00:02:24

freight locomotive, then like in the

00:02:26

good old conductors they will heat the boilers

00:02:29

with coal, which should always be in the car, this is

00:02:32

related to the question of whether

00:02:34

coal heating is used somewhere else, so it

00:02:36

turns out what else is used in the

00:02:38

cold season, so

00:02:40

we’ve sorted out heating with you. However, what about

00:02:42

lighting with sockets and air conditioning in

00:02:45

most cases. The locomotive

00:02:48

will not help the carriages here and they will have to

00:02:50

cope somehow on their own. For this they are

00:02:52

equipped with generators and

00:02:54

batteries. Previously, when the

00:02:57

electricity consumption in the carriage was limited to

00:02:59

light and two sockets for an

00:03:01

electric razor in the vestibule and toilet, a

00:03:03

small 10 kW generator was enough to

00:03:05

drive it there was also a

00:03:08

modest belt drive from the

00:03:11

wheelset and a small gearbox. However, as time

00:03:13

went on, people got smartphones,

00:03:16

tablets and laptops. And even in the heat,

00:03:18

sitting somehow wasn’t very good; air conditioning would not

00:03:20

have hurt; then a more powerful system was invented; the

00:03:22

generator became three times

00:03:25

more powerful, i.e. 30 kW

00:03:28

has become more serious, so to speak, and its drive

00:03:30

is now not a belt drive, but a

00:03:32

gearbox to the cardan shaft; the torque is

00:03:35

taken from the wheelset using a

00:03:37

gearbox; the torque is transmitted to the cardan

00:03:40

shaft located at an angle to the wheel

00:03:42

pair. Well, the cardan shaft, in

00:03:44

turn, is connected to the shaft generator in

00:03:47

this way and it became possible

00:03:49

to power the air conditioner and also make

00:03:51

sockets in each compartment, although in

00:03:53

most carriages there are only

00:03:55

two of them under the table, so a pub

00:03:58

still won’t hurt. By the way, if you

00:04:00

don’t have one, now this problem can be easily

00:04:03

solved by ordering it at one of

00:04:04

marketplaces, but it’s convenient to do this in no

00:04:07

time with the NPO of Platinum credit card,

00:04:09

because you can use it to pay for

00:04:11

any purchases from ordering food at home to

00:04:14

buying household appliances, tickets and clothes.

00:04:16

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00:04:18

April, there will be a cashback of up to 30% in

00:04:21

rubles with purchases on the marketplaces azone

00:04:24

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00:04:26

sign up for a credit card in April, you

00:04:28

will automatically participate in the drawing of

00:04:30

ten baskets with 100% cashback

00:04:33

up to 100,000 rubles. With the

00:04:35

Tinkov Platinum credit card, you will have

00:04:37

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00:04:39

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00:04:41

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00:04:47

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00:04:53

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00:04:55

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00:04:57

Tinkov Pro limit is 50,000 rubles

00:05:00

and with a subscription all 100,000 rubles is a significant

00:05:02

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00:05:04

to arrange an installment plan for a year for any

00:05:06

purchases, but that’s not all, the tenki

00:05:09

Platinum credit card can always be

00:05:11

topped up quickly and without commission at any

00:05:13

ATM, which you will agree is very convenient,

00:05:15

you can find a link to apply for the Card

00:05:17

in the description, hurry up to take part

00:05:20

in the promotion in April and get a cool

00:05:22

cashback in addition to the generator, the

00:05:24

car's power supply system also involves

00:05:27

batteries, several dozen

00:05:29

batteries connected

00:05:31

in series to form batteries. And

00:05:33

placed in these black boxes under the

00:05:35

car, the batteries accumulate a

00:05:37

supply of electricity in order to

00:05:40

supply consumers with electricity

00:05:42

during parking when the generator speed and,

00:05:44

therefore, the generated their

00:05:47

power is zero. That’s why

00:05:49

the air conditioner turns off when parked,

00:05:51

because it consumes a large

00:05:53

amount of electricity, which the

00:05:55

batteries simply cannot provide.

00:05:57

By the way, in the comments, I sometimes

00:05:59

came across a question like why do we need tubes

00:06:01

just next to the boxes with batteries? I’ll take this

00:06:03

opportunity to answer And the thing is

00:06:05

that The battery installed on

00:06:08

the cars tends to emit hydrogen,

00:06:10

even under normal conditions, but in

00:06:12

the event of a battery malfunction,

00:06:14

much more of it is released. Charging

00:06:16

the battery essentially consists of three phases.

00:06:19

In the first phase, the battery receives a large

00:06:22

current and the voltage gradually increases. All

00:06:24

energy enters the electrode plates

00:06:27

and is used for restoration. lead in the

00:06:29

second phase, the voltage reaches the desired

00:06:32

level and the current gradually decreases, this

00:06:34

can be seen on the graph, while the most

00:06:37

important thing is that the excess current goes into the water and

00:06:39

the process of its electrolysis begins, that

00:06:41

is, decomposition into components hydrogen

00:06:44

and oxygen, as is known, hydrogen

00:06:47

ignites easily so that hydrogen does not

00:06:49

accumulate in the boxes it must be

00:06:51

removed from there; for this purpose,

00:06:54

forced ventilation is provided

00:06:56

using an electric fan,

00:06:59

which is turned on when

00:07:00

the batteries are charging; in this case, the exhaust pipe

00:07:03

must be designed in such a way that,

00:07:05

firstly, when washing the car, water does not

00:07:07

get inside the battery boxes; and

00:07:10

secondly, so that when driving in the same

00:07:12

the boxes were not exposed to metal dust

00:07:15

formed when the pads rubbed against the wheels,

00:07:18

snow, dirt and other dubious

00:07:20

substances; this effect is achieved

00:07:22

by using an exhaust pipe

00:07:24

located, firstly, at an angle to the

00:07:26

box lid and secondly, an

00:07:28

ellipse-shaped design. Now, returning to

00:07:31

the topic, I consider it necessary to tell you one more

00:07:33

thing the power supply system of a car

00:07:36

with generators, although powerful, still

00:07:38

has certain drawbacks: firstly, the

00:07:41

generated electricity depends on the

00:07:43

speed of the car, that is, the generator

00:07:45

begins to work fully when the train

00:07:47

reaches 35-40 km HF. That’s when

00:07:51

the conductor turns on the air conditioner, and

00:07:53

secondly, the generator drive and the

00:07:55

generators themselves have energy losses are therefore

00:07:58

now Railway technology is moving towards

00:08:03

completely getting rid of under-car generators With the

00:08:05

development of semiconductor technology, it

00:08:07

has become possible to convert a

00:08:09

voltage of 3,000 V for

00:08:11

heating coming from the Locomotive into a

00:08:14

much lower voltage suitable for powering

00:08:16

consumers in the carriage, for example, on

00:08:18

double-decker cars you will not find a generator

00:08:21

at least because there is no place for it to

00:08:23

be placed, double-decker cars are

00:08:25

completely dependent on the Locomotive, receiving

00:08:27

all the electricity from it. However, they

00:08:30

still have batteries

00:08:31

necessary for autonomously powering the

00:08:33

car’s own needs, for example, when

00:08:36

changing the Locomotive. Well, that’s all,

00:08:38

I hope you were interested in this video

00:08:40

If this so I ask you to subscribe to

00:08:43

my channel and like it, share this

00:08:45

video with your friends and thank you for

00:08:48

watching

Description:

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