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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
He was one of the most influential00:00:02
men under Adolf Hitler, Heinrich00:00:06
Himmler, the Reichsführer SS, who organized00:00:08
the brutal persecution of the00:00:10
dictator's political opponents00:00:12
under the sign of the Solar Council. He built his00:00:15
own empire in the Third Reich.00:00:18
His Black Order. The SS committed00:00:21
unprecedented crimes in the German00:00:23
name00:00:27
Himmler was the Some of the entire00:00:29
political ideas were very much00:00:30
based on ideology, but it would be too00:00:32
easy to see them only as00:00:34
obsessed ideologists. He was00:00:37
primarily a politician who knew how to00:00:42
use the Nazi ideology correctly, but who was the man who00:00:45
made it He came from a middle-class family00:00:47
and, as a fanatical00:00:49
National Socialist and anti-Semite,00:00:51
organized the genocide for Hitler.00:00:54
In the family, he was seen as the00:00:57
black sheep as well as the00:00:59
slip-up. That was certainly also a00:01:01
version that tried to00:01:02
create distance from this person, Heinrich, with00:01:04
whom you actually were Wanted nothing more to do00:01:06
after the war,00:01:09
understandably everyone tried to put00:01:11
as much distance between00:01:13
themselves and him as possible.00:01:15
In a system of concentration camps,00:01:18
six million00:01:20
people fell victim to the terror. According to Himmler's00:01:23
perverse logic, a patriotic duty.00:01:27
I also want00:01:29
a very difficult one Chapter when I00:01:32
wait here because even if my boys00:01:36
evacuate00:01:37
the extermination of the Jewish people00:01:41
we were neither human nor were00:01:44
we dead00:01:45
nor did we really care about00:01:48
what was accomplished the next day00:01:52
there were no more feelings00:01:55
[Music]00:02:14
on the trail of her family history00:02:16
Katrin Himmler At the fence of the00:02:19
Dachau concentration camp, her00:02:21
great-uncle Heinrich Himmler had00:02:24
the camp complex near Munich00:02:27
put into operation in March 1933. For twelve years00:02:29
he ruled over the00:02:30
National Socialist terror system and00:02:33
initiated the extermination of European00:02:34
Jews00:02:39
when the camps00:02:42
were liberated by Allied troops in 1945 The whole00:02:44
truth about the horror of the Holocaust has come00:02:46
to the light of the world public. How was00:02:49
it possible? Since then, scholars have been wondering00:02:52
how family fathers became00:02:55
murderers. A particularly burning question for the relatives of the perpetrators. It00:03:00
was a long time ago that there was a particularly00:03:02
great lack of understanding about the fact00:03:04
that institutions from one He came from such a00:03:06
seemingly completely normal and well-00:03:08
educated family and it00:03:10
seemed all the more incomprehensible how he00:03:13
could develop into such a criminal, such a monster, that00:03:15
just doesn't fit, so Heinrich is00:03:17
repeatedly attacked by different people, not from00:03:19
the family but also from other people00:03:20
He was always described to the SS00:03:22
as someone who really00:03:24
looked after people very lovingly,00:03:26
very caring, who was obviously also00:03:28
very fond of children. That didn't make me00:03:30
any more likeable as a person00:03:33
because he always had this other side,00:03:35
these very harsh punishments, this very,00:03:38
very merciless one new00:03:41
biography tries to fathom the personality of00:03:43
the mass murderer himmler00:03:45
found it very difficult to00:03:47
build emotional relationships with others but he00:03:49
had also developed techniques how he00:03:51
could compensate for this weakness and00:03:53
there is another character trait also00:03:55
a compensation strategy that is what is known00:03:58
as self-control and00:04:01
self-overcoming could describe that00:04:03
means the motto was you can00:04:05
do anything if you just want to and that was00:04:08
a principle that00:04:09
was passed on to him from his parents.00:04:12
Heinrich Himmler comes from a00:04:13
middle-class family with conservative00:04:16
views. The father is a high school teacher.00:04:18
Heinrich is the middle of three00:04:20
sons00:04:22
On October 17, 1900 in Munich00:04:26
to the world, the capital of the Kingdom of00:04:29
Bavaria enjoys the reputation of being cosmopolitan and00:04:31
liberal.00:04:33
Writers like Thomas Mann or the00:04:35
Blaue Reiter artist group are00:04:37
at home here, but behind the facade00:04:39
there is a milieu with traditional00:04:42
traditions and monarchist00:04:44
convictions00:04:48
[Music ]00:04:50
Heinrich has to try harder at school00:04:52
than other children.00:04:56
He was actually always a very00:04:57
weak and sickly child and00:04:59
yet he always tried to00:05:01
force his body to00:05:02
do things that he could00:05:04
n't actually achieve. The educational00:05:06
pressure from his parents was very00:05:08
high And on the other hand,00:05:09
I think the physical pressure to perform was also very high00:05:11
because of the time, which was a very00:05:13
militaristic time, which00:05:15
means that they were given paramilitary training very early on. Of00:05:17
course, they never had any desire other than to00:05:19
become soldiers and I think he had00:05:21
this conflict very early on realized that00:05:23
he didn't actually00:05:24
live up to this image and that he had to fight very hard to live up to it.00:05:30
Heinrich's godfather is a prince from00:05:32
the Bavarian royal family. Father Himmler00:05:35
was actually not a despotic, extremely00:05:37
strict father but someone who watched00:05:39
his son grow up step by00:05:41
step pedagogically precisely controlled,00:05:43
the family is actually a family00:05:45
from the melamine educated middle class,00:05:47
Catholic, conservative,00:05:51
Bavarian,00:05:53
very religious. There is actually nothing to00:05:57
indicate that someone00:05:58
with abnormal personality traits00:06:00
grew up here. Basically,00:06:02
the family seems to have been very normal,00:06:04
according to the standards In00:06:09
1913, Professor Himmler took over the00:06:11
position of vice-principal at the00:06:13
humanistic high school in00:06:15
Landshut, Lower Bavaria. The family00:06:18
moved into a house on the square. They were00:06:20
well educated in those years,00:06:22
spoke Greek and Latin,00:06:24
but the universal spirit of antiquity had00:06:30
given way to a xenophobic nationalism in the Empire00:06:35
August 1914 the First World War00:06:38
begins. Heinrich00:06:40
meticulously notes the events of the war in his00:06:43
diary every day. He is happy about every00:06:45
German victory and is outraged by the00:06:47
lack of enthusiasm on the00:06:49
home front. With his friends,00:06:51
he recreates battles in the garden.00:06:57
Heinrich receives pre-00:07:00
military training in the00:07:02
youth defense force in 1915 His desire to00:07:05
become a professional soldier becomes more and more urgent00:07:07
[Music] at the00:07:09
age of 17 he wanted to become an officer and00:07:12
managed to convince00:07:13
his father that he would00:07:15
drop out of school and join the military and00:07:18
suffered terribly from it at the beginning00:07:20
because he simply realized that he could, he00:07:22
could, he could He actually couldn't do it,00:07:24
that wasn't what really suited him,00:07:25
but his idealism was so strong that00:07:28
he always tried to conquer it.00:07:33
He was trained as a flag cadet00:07:35
but never saw action at the front. He00:07:38
of course experienced the defeat of 191800:07:39
as a bitter shame and now he tells the story00:07:42
himself in this role of the00:07:43
soldier man - a reason00:07:45
why he is an officer who00:07:46
is prevented from practicing his profession due to the00:07:48
adverse circumstances and throughout his00:07:50
studies he prefers to be00:07:51
something like a00:07:54
reserve officer.00:07:55
He tries in vain to00:07:58
pursue a career as an officer.00:07:59
He succeeds He didn't get promoted to ensign well00:08:01
and it wasn't until 1922 that he00:08:04
really got closer to the right-wing extremist milieu.00:08:06
The student of agricultural sciences00:08:09
attended events hostile to the republic00:08:11
and read anti-Semitic00:08:13
writings.00:08:15
Father Himmler took a position00:08:19
at the Wittelsbacher Gymnasium in Munich in 1922.00:08:21
The whole family lived in a00:08:23
service apartment on the first floor Stock00:08:26
economic crisis and inflation00:08:27
increase Heinrich's fear of the future and00:08:30
his tendency to be radical,00:08:33
realizing that he showed00:08:35
a very strong fanaticism very early on,00:08:37
so it wasn't just about00:08:40
political beliefs, it was00:08:41
actually about every aspect, so he00:08:43
always tried to enforce his ideas00:08:45
and also with all00:08:48
the necessary rigor, we formulated this ourselves again and again,00:08:51
tried to00:08:53
impose his opinions on others and00:08:55
from whom he also had very high expectations.00:08:57
Himmler escapes from his00:09:00
depressing everyday life into the world of00:09:02
paramilitary use. He sees00:09:04
Adolf Hitler as a capable politician00:09:06
But not overwhelmed by00:09:08
his personality, although he initially00:09:11
remains at a distance from the leader,00:09:14
he takes part in his failed00:09:16
coup attempt against Weimar00:09:17
democracy. A00:09:18
newspaper photo shows himmler00:09:21
behind a barbed wire fence in Munich on November 9, 192300:09:27
[music]00:09:29
He would have killed people in this situation,00:09:30
of course But that was00:09:32
nothing unusual at the time in the situation. There were00:09:33
hundreds of thousands of young00:09:36
men who didn't pay attention like him. Then there is00:09:38
a second point of view, that is00:09:40
his turning away from Catholicism which00:09:42
took place around 23-24. He was00:09:45
deeply religious up until then and of course he is00:09:48
on the search according to absolute truth00:09:49
and you can see how from 23 to00:09:53
24 he reads his own world view together strictly00:09:56
and creates a kind of a00:09:59
substitute for religion for himself.00:10:01
Himmler is a member of a00:10:04
small department of the as a the00:10:06
Schutzstaffel in short it is00:10:09
used as hall security in00:10:11
1927 he becomes Deputy head of the SS00:10:14
all over Germany, he organizes00:10:16
rallies for the Nazi leadership. He lives00:10:20
near Munich. His wife Marga00:10:22
runs a chicken farm. In his00:10:25
family, Heinrich is considered a quixotic00:10:27
idealist because he sticks to his00:10:29
convictions even though only a few people00:10:31
follow the National Socialist movement00:10:33
Even in the role of a00:10:36
mercenary who00:10:39
goes his way undeterred despite adverse circumstances,00:10:45
at the beginning of 1929 Hitler hands over00:10:48
the leadership of the SS to Heinrich Himmler, who00:10:51
at the same time initiates the transformation of the meaningless00:10:53
organization into a powerful00:10:55
Nazi fighting force and from then on00:10:58
strictly monitors that there are00:11:00
no opposition members in the party Efforts against00:11:03
Hitler arise.00:11:08
The fanatical anti-Semite is a00:11:10
meticulous party soldier and so00:11:12
Himmler appears in this film as a00:11:14
devoted file holder from the second00:11:16
series of00:11:18
years. I think he saw himself in00:11:20
a role as a lonely hero, a00:11:22
lonely fighter for the good cause for00:11:25
the movement for The German fatherland00:11:27
He actually saw himself as someone00:11:29
who wanted to save the entire German fatherland,00:11:30
even if it was00:11:32
apparently a losing battle, and he also00:11:34
developed this version very early on that00:11:36
he was making great sacrifices for this00:11:39
people, even if it was in no way thanks to00:11:42
Himmler The Nazis' takeover of power in00:11:44
193300:11:45
initially did not lead to the00:11:47
career advance he had hoped for. He remained as police chief00:11:50
in Munich. From there, within00:11:52
a year, he brought the political police in the00:11:54
entire Third Reich under his00:11:56
control00:11:57
and Himmler's SS became the brutal00:11:59
instrument of Hitler's securing of power.00:12:02
It was like that from the start It's clear that there was a00:12:04
terror and persecution apparatus.00:12:06
Political opponents were relentlessly00:12:09
persecuted, just like people who did00:12:12
n't fit racially into the image of the00:12:14
National Socialists, who simply were00:12:17
n't included in this national community for racial or other reasons. I don't00:12:20
think he had any00:12:22
problems at all No00:12:23
qualms about initially excluding,00:12:26
bowing deeper and then later00:12:28
murdering00:12:29
in the footsteps of her family history,00:12:32
Lucille Eichengreen traveled from California00:12:35
to Hamburg.00:12:37
There she was born in 1925 as CC Landau00:12:41
and went to the Israelite00:12:43
daughters' school when the Nazis came to power. She lived a00:12:46
sheltered life As the daughter of a00:12:49
Jewish wine wholesaler from Poland, it's00:12:51
over in one fell swoop. The neighbors00:12:54
in our house not only spoke to us,00:12:57
the fathers carried the USA00:13:00
roughly, we were insulted00:13:03
and00:13:05
for an eight-year-old child it was difficult to00:13:08
understand why, what did I do,00:13:12
a word It struck me as00:13:15
anti-Semitism and I wanted to know what00:13:18
it meant00:13:20
and I was very tormented. My father00:13:23
didn't want to answer and then he00:13:26
finally said it's a feeling when00:13:30
people hate for no reason and00:13:34
I couldn't understand00:13:37
what the word means in everyday life is00:13:40
obvious to everyone Jews, Nazi00:13:43
Germany has no rights and is00:13:44
systematically excluded00:13:47
Hitler's policies are unconditionally supported by the00:13:49
Germans He loves00:13:51
Sicilia as the Führer00:13:53
comes to visit Hamburg00:14:02
in an open car and I was standing00:14:06
in the first or second00:14:08
row and my Mother put her right00:14:11
hand on my head so it was00:14:14
somewhat normal00:14:16
but I was terribly afraid.00:14:20
SA's boss Ernst Röhm, the second most powerful00:14:23
man in the Third Reich, was one of00:14:25
Himmler's early supporters but now00:14:27
his ambitious goals are in jeopardy.00:14:29
Hitler's power is now the leader's00:14:32
decision To eliminate the danger by force00:14:34
and Himmler becomes his willing00:14:36
executor on June 30, 1934, Rome00:14:40
and some loyal followers are arrested and later00:14:42
liquidated.00:14:43
Everywhere in the Third Reich,00:14:45
SS murder squads set out to carry out bloody00:14:48
purges.00:14:52
All of these leading National Socialists00:14:54
were of course in competition00:14:56
with each other and the question was where Always00:14:58
whether one or the other00:15:00
could become too powerful I think from Hitler's00:15:01
point of view the prevailing00:15:03
view throughout was that he was driving the truck,00:15:07
which means that it is more important to00:15:09
have Himmler with this power apparatus00:15:11
and that he provides more support00:15:14
than Possibly a danger to00:15:16
his regime Himmler was in fact00:15:18
politically loyal his entire career was00:15:20
based on the fact that he was the head of an00:15:23
elite organization that00:15:25
was unconditionally given to Hitler. In order to achieve his goals,00:15:28
Heinrich Himmler was00:15:30
even prepared to trap and ruthlessly murder mentors and political friends00:15:32
overnight00:15:40
Katrin Himmler was initially only marginally00:15:42
interested in how her great-uncle became a murderer. The political scientist studied00:15:45
wanted to find out more about her family00:15:47
and researched relatives and in00:15:49
public archives. In00:15:51
her parents' house the story was00:15:53
taboo for a long time. Himmler's brothers were said to00:15:56
be apolitical people00:16:03
What interested me at the beginning was00:16:05
actually what00:16:07
relationship my grandfather actually00:16:09
had with Heinrich Himmler, i.e. how close00:16:11
the relationship really was, whether it was a00:16:14
purely private, fraternal relationship,00:16:17
that it was on a private level level,00:16:18
or whether they00:16:20
agreed more politically than00:16:22
I always thought Katrin Himmler00:16:24
found out that her grandfather Ernst00:16:27
Himmler had a good relationship with his00:16:29
brother. The whole family was00:16:31
obviously proud of the steep career00:16:33
of Heinrich,00:16:35
the two brothers and the Parents who did00:16:37
not commit crimes against00:16:40
humanity in the sense that Heinrich did not00:16:41
commit any murders, but they00:16:43
were very compliant with the system. They00:16:45
basically agreed with the ideology00:16:47
and they were just as00:16:48
convinced and just as relentless in00:16:51
applying the racial laws and themselves He was00:16:54
very committed to ensuring that the00:16:55
National Socialist ideology00:16:58
was also practiced to the extent that it00:17:00
influenced it. Even as a child,00:17:02
Himmler enjoyed stories of blood and soil.00:17:04
In the Third Reich,00:17:06
he systematically searched for Germanic00:17:08
settlements00:17:10
[music]00:17:16
and learned in detail during00:17:19
a visit from the stand The00:17:22
Bergermann Code work is part of his00:17:24
attempts to put together his own world view00:17:26
and he actually00:17:28
believed that there was00:17:30
this great Roman Empire a few thousand years ago and00:17:32
also had research00:17:34
done on00:17:36
Bergermann's idea of God where the idea00:17:38
behind it is obviously that it is real00:17:40
It must have been a very00:17:42
special obsession of Himmler's.00:17:45
There are Janssen's novels, a writer who has00:17:48
largely been forgotten today,00:17:49
a former doctor who actually wrote00:17:53
a whole series of00:17:55
German novels for00:17:57
young people during the First World War and00:17:58
read the dealers with great enthusiasm00:17:59
He really lived his way into this00:18:01
world of the Germans with the help of people like00:18:04
Rainer Janßen and some of the00:18:06
ideas he had are00:18:08
obviously very strong. What this00:18:09
novel will do is that the00:18:11
Germans will00:18:14
replace Christianity, Himmler prophesied,00:18:16
and so he left pagan customs like that00:18:18
The solstice celebration is revived at00:18:22
the Externsteine near Paderborn.00:18:24
SS researchers travel in vain to prove00:18:27
the existence of a great Germanic00:18:29
empire as far as Tibet00:18:44
He particularly admires Henry the First. In00:18:48
1936 he made a pilgrimage to his tomb in the cathedral00:18:51
of Quedlinburg. The king said in00:18:54
his speech that Himmler came to power in the same year of his life00:18:56
as Hitler and,00:18:58
like him, had to take on a terrible RBL,00:19:01
even back in the tenth00:19:03
century East Germany had00:19:05
been lost to the Slavs and00:19:08
Heinrich finally reintroduced the00:19:09
Germanic principle of loyalty00:19:11
between leader and follower.00:19:16
Wewelsburg is an inconspicuous00:19:18
castle near Paderborn. In the mid-00:19:22
1930s, Heinrich Himmler chose the complex to00:19:27
become the pseudo-religious shrine of the SS00:19:30
The skull rings of deceased00:19:32
SS leaders were supposed to be kept in the crypt. The ceiling is00:19:37
still adorned with a swastika, even more than 60 years after the fall.00:19:40
I think it was quite fitting00:19:42
to set up such an organization because he00:19:44
actually always enjoyed playing00:19:46
the role He saw the person who00:19:48
had organized everything, had the overview00:19:50
and was also very paternalistic.00:19:52
He actually liked to take00:19:54
care of his people and00:19:56
later on, he also liked to see himself as a kind of father to the00:19:58
SS, who felt responsible for everything,00:20:00
for his men, for theirs The00:20:02
family took care of everything00:20:04
personally and at the same time00:20:06
I think he also enjoyed seeing himself in this power00:20:08
role and that he could also sleep very strictly00:20:10
when he felt it was necessary00:20:12
so he always took on this00:20:14
dual function00:20:17
from his father This00:20:19
is fatherly benevolent and then00:20:22
again very strict where he considers it00:20:23
necessary.00:20:24
Since Himmler became head of the entire German00:20:27
police, he has had the system00:20:29
of concentration camps expanded. A00:20:33
photo shows him on a visit to the newly00:20:35
built Buchenwald camp near Weimar.00:20:37
He is happy to convince people He obviously enjoyed himself from the00:20:39
functioning of the terror apparatus.00:20:44
He was00:20:46
cynical. He didn't think of himself as00:20:49
cynical based on00:20:50
family circumstances and00:20:51
the like and he also had a00:20:54
sadistic streak and if you00:20:57
understand Himmler's role in the Third Reich, you have to Just see00:20:59
that he was able to determine from beginning to00:21:02
end who00:21:05
could be taken into custody and that there were00:21:06
no legal guarantees in this00:21:09
detention, there was no possibility of00:21:11
employing a lawyer, there was no00:21:13
time limit, so he00:21:14
personally decided the benefit of the doubt This has been a00:21:17
source of enormous power in the00:21:20
Las police apparatus00:21:22
also sets its sights on the Landau family on October 27, 1938.00:21:26
All Jews with Polish passports00:21:28
are to be deported to their country of origin.00:21:30
Those who only landau are00:21:33
picked up at five in the morning. The police left us at00:21:36
home. It was very Early in the morning, I00:21:39
think my mother was sick or00:21:42
had a cold and we were allowed to stay and00:21:46
then in the afternoon I00:21:48
went to the assembly point with a suitcase and00:21:51
brought the suitcase to him and asked why00:21:53
aren't you coming home with me? There's00:21:56
no one in the gate around my house Father00:21:59
answered that it wouldn't be honest00:22:02
and it stayed. My father was00:22:06
pushed over the border via Posen or was00:22:09
in Posen with friends for six weeks and00:22:12
then went to00:22:15
my mother's family and00:22:17
tried to get back to Hamburg,00:22:20
but it was difficult00:22:24
The American doctor Benjamin Gasol00:22:27
travels through Europe with his wife in 193900:22:30
in the Jewish quarter of Warsaw.00:22:33
The enthusiastic amateur filmmaker shoots00:22:35
unique color shots in the scenes there00:22:38
is no sense of the danger in00:22:40
which these people and their culture00:22:42
are because Hitler has00:22:44
long since decided to go to war against Poland00:22:48
When Orlando finally returned to Hamburg00:22:51
to his family,00:22:59
that was extended a few times because00:23:03
we were hoping for a certificate from00:23:06
Palestine from my uncle but00:23:10
unfortunately it didn't come00:23:11
and then suddenly it was the first of00:23:14
September and he was arrested.00:23:18
Lucille Eichengreen became a father when the00:23:21
war started00:23:39
In September 1939, units of the SS were also interned in the Fuhlsbüttel prison. In September 1939,00:23:43
units of the SS marched into Poland. They00:23:45
systematically00:23:48
built up a military force that was supposed to maintain the reputation of the elite00:23:50
organization even during the war,00:23:53
and for the Reichsführer00:23:55
the time would soon have come to change the00:23:57
settlement policy To expand the SS on a large00:23:59
scale to the conquered territories00:24:02
[Music]00:24:04
Himmler's goal is the systematic00:24:06
Germanization of the East. The SS will00:24:14
demonstrate the superiority of the master race in Hitler's wars of conquest, he promises, and he will enslave00:24:16
or destroy all inferior peoples00:24:33
in the interior of the Third Reich.00:24:35
Himmler's secret state police will ensure this To00:24:37
secure power in Hamburg,00:24:40
the terror apparatus resides in the middle of the city00:24:42
at the end of the new waltz. Anyone who wants to find out about00:24:45
the fate of their members00:24:46
has to go there themselves00:24:51
[music]00:24:53
and has applied for exemption from the council00:24:56
and I went with them once00:25:00
they would bring my father in a00:25:02
striped prison suit with a00:25:06
striped hat neither he nor we00:25:09
were allowed to touch each other00:25:12
we didn't talk much it was00:25:15
only a few minutes00:25:17
we had a small bar of chocolate00:25:20
and how they pushed him across the table00:25:24
and that was the last time00:25:28
Benno Landau is deported00:25:30
to the Dachau concentration camp as an enemy alien.00:25:32
The family hopes for his00:25:35
release by February 21, 1941. The00:25:40
Gestapo came to our house with a00:25:43
cigar box with a rubber band. The00:25:46
two men threw the cigar box on00:25:48
the table and said ash00:25:51
Benjamin London that was it Everything00:25:55
and the ashes were buried in the cemetery00:26:01
but of course we don't know whether it was00:26:03
really my father's first. At00:26:06
the beginning of May 1941, Heinrich00:26:10
Himmler visited the Acropolis in Athens, an00:26:12
educational traveler to the cradle of00:26:14
European civilization who, just a few00:26:16
weeks later, witnessed the systematic00:26:18
mass murder of the Jews begins, his00:26:21
biographer dares to attempt an explanation.00:26:24
It was about giving the Germanic peoples00:26:26
a perspective for the future and00:26:28
then, in addition to during the war,00:26:29
certain atrocities had to be committed00:26:32
and now this trait is added to his personality: this00:26:35
self-overcoming, self-control from00:26:37
what is it called, you have to do that even if it is00:26:39
under certain circumstances, it may be viewed as reprehensible by those around you,00:26:42
even if00:26:44
it is difficult for you, but if the matter00:26:46
is thought through correctly and the00:26:48
goals are right, so to speak, then anything is00:26:50
allowed. You have to keep in mind that00:26:52
we are highly moral people in00:26:54
our own view, that is Everything00:26:57
that was good for the Germanic peoples00:26:58
was allowed. There was no00:27:01
moral authority that could prohibit it.00:27:04
In June 1941, the SS chief told his00:27:09
group leaders during a secret00:27:10
meeting at Wewelsburg that the00:27:13
campaign against the Soviet Union was00:27:14
imminent and Himmler showed00:27:17
himself in his opinion Speech convinced that00:27:19
30 million people would have to fall victim to his00:27:21
monstrous plans in the East.00:27:23
Behind this number there are00:27:26
indiscriminately hidden00:27:28
communists, Jews and members of00:27:30
various Slavic ethnic00:27:32
groups who are supposed to give way to the master race00:27:36
[Music] when00:27:40
Hitler begins the war against00:27:43
the Soviet Union on June 22nd He and his00:27:45
executor are convinced that the00:27:47
inferiority of the Slavic race00:27:49
will help them to victory within00:27:52
a few weeks, we penetrate the power and SS00:27:54
into the Russian heartland in front of millions of00:27:57
Red Army soldiers go into captivity00:28:02
The reports of success give Himmler the00:28:05
certainty that his plans will soon00:28:07
become reality.00:28:09
He still has 1938 39 believed that this00:28:14
great Germanic was enough, this utopia00:28:16
was something that would perhaps happen in 100,200 years,00:28:19
that he00:28:20
would only lay the foundations with his SS00:28:22
for later generations and then00:28:24
he saw in relatively quick steps00:28:26
that he already had the chance to be00:28:28
himself Chief of the SS and say to lay the00:28:31
foundations for this for this for00:28:33
this new world and of course we have to00:28:35
first of all00:28:36
the atrocities were committed during the war00:28:38
and from his point of view what characterizes00:28:40
the ISS is that it has the strength to00:28:44
commit these atrocities of course00:28:48
In the war against the Soviet Union,00:28:51
SS task forces behind the front00:28:53
murdered hundreds of thousands of Jews within a few months.00:29:03
Humanism simply didn't apply to everyone who was on the other side of this border line.00:29:05
A clear dividing line would be drawn00:29:06
and I believe that this only00:29:08
worked because they were00:29:09
dehumanized The moment you00:29:12
dehumanize a group of people and00:29:17
exclude them from the society of human beings, it becomes very easy to00:29:19
do all sorts of things with them00:29:21
once this inhibition threshold is00:29:22
exceeded.00:29:26
On August 14, 1941, Himmler traveled with00:29:31
a delegation to occupied Minsk to meet00:29:33
with high-ranking SS -leader00:29:35
to advise on the progress of the00:29:37
war of annihilation in the East,00:29:41
the service calendar notes that the00:29:44
Reichsführer00:29:47
personally attended an execution of up00:29:50
to 300 partisans and Jews near Minsk on the morning of the following day.00:29:54
Among them there were also women. He00:29:56
has often demonstrated that he As00:29:59
the top boss of the SS00:30:01
isn't above seeing this himself,00:30:03
the story goes that00:30:05
he got sick in Linz. There00:30:07
are other reports that show very clearly00:30:09
that he00:30:12
stood at the mass grave in a very cool, distant manner, that he was00:30:14
another police officer officer gave the order, there is00:30:16
someone else alive, take care00:30:18
of it, that would correspond more to the00:30:20
image he otherwise gave of himself,00:30:21
someone who has put his emotions00:30:23
aside00:30:26
[music]00:30:28
the leader was pursuing other plans at this point in time:00:30:30
the00:30:33
final solution to the Jewish question which in00:30:35
some way00:30:37
would have amounted to killing the Jews of Europe because it would be seen00:30:40
as a political goal that would be redeemed after the00:30:42
war. By then there00:30:44
would be deportations.00:30:47
Many people would die in Laage. With00:30:48
Himmler, in the summer of 1940, he died00:30:57
From his point of view,00:30:59
the murder of the Jews meant,00:31:02
above all, the Soviet Union to00:31:04
take the first step in the00:31:06
reconstruction of this racial empire that00:31:08
he wanted to create,00:31:11
living in the Third Reich At this00:31:14
point in time, over 160,000 Jews since00:31:17
September 1st, they have to00:31:19
wear the yellow star in public00:31:21
and are branded as such. In the fall of00:31:24
1941, deportations begin in all major cities.00:31:27
People have to go to00:31:30
collection points. They are only00:31:32
allowed to take a few belongings with them.00:31:34
They are given rules of conduct00:31:37
for Their settlement in the East00:31:52
[Music]00:31:55
Sala Landauer and her two daughters00:31:57
Cecilie and Karin received00:32:01
the evacuation order in Hamburg on October 21, 1941.00:32:07
It came by registered mail.00:32:11
There was a time two days later00:32:15
and just thought that it was temporary00:32:19
and you would probably get00:32:22
luggage Very little shopping per person00:32:25
and then we were00:32:28
taken away in closed third class carriages. The00:32:32
carriages were locked from the outside and there were00:32:38
either soldiers or SS small children standing on the running boards outside. Small children were00:32:42
crying and became very restless00:32:46
and the train moved slowly,00:32:49
probably because troop transport00:32:52
was preferred00:32:55
and then it remained then it00:32:56
continued on in this transport there were00:33:00
1150 people00:33:02
from Hamburg and three of them survived00:33:17
the journey ended in Litzmannstadt in the00:33:20
annexed part of Poland the German00:33:23
railway tracks from back then can still be00:33:25
seen Lucille Eichengreen00:33:28
traveled to today's lodge around the00:33:29
to visit the scenes of their martyrdom00:33:34
[Music]00:33:38
but on an open stretch that was00:33:42
overgrown with grass. We were00:33:45
partly beaten from the trains and00:33:48
handed over to the ghetto police in black00:33:51
uniform with a red band on our hat. They00:33:54
explained to us where we were00:33:57
and that was It was a ghetto and people00:34:02
worked there. We walked for two00:34:05
hours, the whole column. We came to00:34:08
a school and sat and slept on the floor00:34:11
in the classrooms and other rooms. We00:34:17
got a soup a day, a black00:34:21
liquid in the morning00:34:23
and a... small piece of rehearsal00:34:31
we were sent to a room on the second00:34:33
floor00:34:35
and the room had00:34:39
five other people each family had00:34:43
a cot in the middle there was a00:34:46
small oven and out of the window you could see00:34:49
the barbed wire and the German00:34:52
guard the memory of this00:34:55
apartment This room is my00:34:58
little sister who was afraid of the00:35:01
bugs at night that came from the00:35:04
ceiling.00:35:07
I can't understand how one could exist here today.00:35:13
[Music]00:35:15
Sicily Landau. She was only 16 years old back then and00:35:17
still believes in a miracle00:35:21
The science of00:35:24
exactly when the decision to commit genocide00:35:26
was made is a clue in00:35:29
Himmler's handwritten note to a00:35:31
meeting with Hitler on December 18, 1941. The00:35:35
Jewish question is said to be exterminated as partisans00:35:45
went with a00:35:46
small note calendar and had it00:35:48
confirmed that what he was doing00:35:50
was right and so this00:35:52
entry to exterminate Jews as partisans seems to me to be00:35:54
a confirmation of00:35:57
what he was already doing. He went to00:35:59
Hitler again and had it00:36:00
confirmed that extensive Murders of00:36:03
partisans in Eastern Europe The fact that this00:36:05
was the right thing to do is not to be confused00:36:07
with a fundamental decision for the00:36:08
Holocaust is a completely different00:36:10
matter.00:36:11
These photos show Heinrich Himmler on00:36:14
July 16, 1942 during a visit to00:36:17
Auschwitz where he had the huge death factory00:36:19
of Birkenau built00:36:22
The decision must have been made by spring at the latest to00:36:26
extend the Holocaust to all of Europe.00:36:28
From the beginning, the SS chief00:36:31
personally took care of the construction of00:36:33
extermination camps in occupied Poland.00:36:36
In the ghetto of Lodz, the00:36:39
Jewish photographer Henri Cross secretly documented00:36:41
the misery of the residents - the people were00:36:45
starving00:36:50
Himmler visited Auschwitz on July 16th,00:36:53
Sallah Landau had already been dead for a few days00:36:58
[music]00:37:01
died the car of death a black00:37:04
car drove through the ghetto every day00:37:07
picked up the dead one by one in00:37:12
the same car00:37:13
and took them to the Jewish cemetery00:37:17
there The people were no longer 4200:37:22
there were no staff and after00:37:25
a week we00:37:28
went out one afternoon found two shovels00:37:30
dug a grave00:37:37
found my mother among the hundreds of people00:37:38
she was lying between two boards with the00:37:42
name on the right foot we have her00:37:45
carried out buried no prayer00:37:48
said did we come back here00:37:53
1942 Henry Gross takes these00:37:56
rare photos in the ghetto of deportations to the00:37:59
extermination camps00:38:01
in September Karin Landau is picked up00:38:04
Seal's little sister00:38:07
they drove from street to street00:38:10
with a load of car with dogs and00:38:13
grant we have each other I00:38:15
set them up in the yard and they00:38:18
chose the people themselves. I have00:38:21
my sister. That's why I00:38:23
put a coat on her and a00:38:25
hat and I put some make-up on her00:38:27
so that she looked older than twelve years old00:38:30
and00:38:31
it didn't help. I wanted to be00:38:34
with her go and I held her by the00:38:37
hand00:38:38
and a gun may have00:38:41
hit her hand and I00:38:43
initially let her go. She had to walk on the00:38:46
trees and I stood and I00:38:49
then lost sight of her. The00:38:53
Germans are taking Karin to a place 60 kilometers00:38:55
away Telmo Castle where she was00:38:58
probably murdered with gas.00:39:01
In 1943, the facility where Karin was buried was completely destroyed.00:39:05
Lucille00:39:07
Eichengreen still doesn't know00:39:12
the Mauthausen concentration camp is considered00:39:14
one of the worst in Himmler's00:39:16
terror system. Victims of the00:39:18
police and SS units from the00:39:20
occupied territories are interned here Many00:39:23
prisoners commit suicide because they can00:39:27
no longer endure the brutal treatment by the SS guards,00:39:36
as this photo shows.00:39:39
Even in Mauthausen, Heinrich Himmler00:39:40
personally convinces himself of the harsh actions of his00:39:43
men with ever new00:39:45
retaliatory measures against00:39:50
the Reichsführer of the SS is constantly00:39:53
on the move within his sphere of power. Yes, there is It was00:39:57
actually traveling through the country and00:39:59
making decisions on the spot.00:40:00
English you would say he was a00:40:02
hands-on man, that is, he made00:40:05
decisions where he00:40:07
could impress people, his subordinates,00:40:09
so that during the war he00:40:12
sent photos home, for example who00:40:14
should show his family what to do00:40:16
when the gstaad and they never show him00:40:17
behind a desk always00:40:19
on the move in the car on the train on the00:40:21
plane and so on what's interesting about00:40:23
his leadership style is that he has00:40:25
certain things that he00:40:27
had personally developed certain characteristics00:40:31
do because that He now transfers this to the iss,00:40:33
he says, he was00:40:35
something like a caring father for00:40:37
his men who strictly00:40:38
watched over not that they00:40:40
fulfilled their duties but that they00:40:42
also kept their private lives in order,00:40:43
that they didn't push too hard They00:40:45
didn't smoke so much, that they had their marriage00:40:47
in Wolf, that they were00:40:49
supposed to be witnesses, etc.00:40:56
The divisions of the Waffen-SS that Himmler00:41:00
sets up are a welcome00:41:01
reinforcement of the military power of the00:41:03
Third Reich and consolidate his role00:41:05
in the Nazi leadership. These00:41:08
unpublished recordings show that00:41:10
Even in occupied countries like Norway,00:41:12
young men fell for the lure of the00:41:14
Black Order and00:41:17
volunteered for the SS00:41:20
[Music]00:41:26
In the spring of 1943, Heinrich00:41:29
Himmler regularly visited his leader on the00:41:31
Obersalzberg.00:41:32
Despite the precarious situation of the Wehrmacht,00:41:35
Hitler was determined to carry out the mass murder00:41:37
of the Europeans Jews continue unabated00:41:40
A protocol from June 19th shows how00:41:45
Heinrich Himmler is at his service.00:41:48
The Führer spoke in response to my presentation in00:41:51
the youth question. It says00:41:53
that the evacuation of the Jews should be carried out radically despite the00:41:58
unrest that would arise as a result in the next three or four months00:42:00
be and00:42:03
have to be endured and Himmler00:42:06
receives confirmation from Hitler that00:42:08
only he is responsible for the00:42:10
so-called gang fight.00:42:13
Eleven million Jews are what the Nazi00:42:16
bureaucracy wants to know. Living in Europe,00:42:19
combing from west to east. Himmler is00:42:21
sharpening the continent for Hitler's00:42:23
so-called final solution Jewish Question The00:42:26
only known film footage of a00:42:28
transport to Auschwitz was taken in the00:42:30
Dutch Westerbork concentration camp.00:42:32
The commandant himself00:42:35
commissioned the filming. The00:42:37
cameramen mercilessly document how00:42:40
prisoners are herded into cattle wagons. At00:42:44
the beginning of October 1943, Heinrich00:42:47
Himmler instructs the newsreel in Posen to attend a00:42:49
leadership meeting of the party and00:42:53
the SS shows the march of00:42:55
Hitler's young labor front and Wehrmacht00:42:58
in these days one of the00:43:01
most terrible audio documents of Nazi00:43:04
barbarism is being created here.00:43:07
The Bauhaus in Posen is a relic of00:43:10
National Socialist megalomania in00:43:12
today's Poland00:43:16
on October 4th, 1943, Heinrich00:43:19
Himmler speaks in Posen before a meeting00:43:21
of SS leaders also about The genocide00:43:23
why the speech was recorded back then00:43:26
is still unclear today00:43:41
if we don't talk about it in public.00:43:46
Of course, this speech had the purpose of00:43:47
constantly encouraging you to keep going and to give00:43:49
you the courage to keep going00:43:51
if there were any who would have00:43:53
become unstable But I think in00:43:54
principle most of the SS00:43:56
leaders actually have no00:43:57
problem with practicing it like that. The most00:44:00
difficult thing about it is to understand that00:44:02
they didn't think and act without morality,00:44:05
but that they actually had their00:44:06
own perverted morality00:44:08
and that they had to00:44:10
put themselves into it That's something that's completely00:44:12
contradictory because it's really00:44:15
so unbearable00:44:17
[music]00:44:18
but in reality this morality was just the00:44:21
bourgeois facade of a mass murderer.00:44:24
The biographer00:44:26
found clues in the past in heaven, there00:44:28
is his correspondence in the year 2800:44:31
with his bride The part in which he00:44:33
says yes, he knows where he got his00:44:35
stomach problems from, they are00:44:36
obviously psychosomatic problems00:44:38
because he is always so good and decent00:44:41
and he admits in this letter that he00:44:43
would like to be good and00:44:45
naughty for once and talk about it later00:44:50
when he Again and again this approach to00:44:52
decency is overemphasized, you00:44:54
actually want to read along with it, yes, but actually00:44:57
we are indecent, yes, that means00:44:59
he uses a double standard, he00:45:02
propagates decency, but he knows00:45:04
that of course the SS is by no means00:45:06
decent, but that they treat their00:45:07
opponents in the most indecent way00:45:10
kills wisely and somewhere there is also this00:45:12
desire to possibly00:45:13
want to be indecent, but this is00:45:15
suppressed by this constant00:45:16
appeal to the independence and00:45:19
decency of the SS00:45:22
and this special combination of00:45:24
secret police armed units00:45:28
concentration camps he was in the00:45:30
concentration camp for armaments00:45:31
work Europe-wide repressive apparatus00:45:34
that was In this combination, it is simply00:45:37
a unique structure and it is00:45:39
inconceivable that Europe00:45:42
could have been ruled by the Nazis without this00:45:44
apparatus, so in this respect Himmler was00:45:46
actually indispensable as a person and mediator.00:45:50
Privately, Heinrich Himmler likes to be00:45:52
down-to-earth and modest when00:45:55
his duties allow it00:45:56
Back to his homeland where he00:45:58
owns a stately country house00:46:08
Katrin Himmler His great-niece traveled00:46:11
to the00:46:12
tranquil town of Mund am Tegernsee on her search for clues00:46:14
and inspected the property00:46:17
that the older00:46:18
residents still have to00:46:20
call Himmler House00:46:22
[Music]00:46:32
Little has changed since the end of Nazi rule. It00:46:34
now belongs to the Free State of Bavaria and is00:46:36
used as an educational institution.00:46:43
In front of the house, the heart of the mass murderer's00:46:45
daughter00:46:55
Never lost to her father,00:46:59
lean Himmler only rarely sees her husband. The00:47:01
marriage has been broken.00:47:04
For many years it has only existed on00:47:05
paper for himself and his husband.00:47:08
The husband is looking for a way out of00:47:09
civil constraints. He was a00:47:12
supporter of the so-called 2D or00:47:14
Friedel in particular For his SS700:47:16
community, he was fundamentally00:47:18
convinced that no00:47:20
man, or especially no00:47:22
SS man, could be expected to spend their entire life with just one woman00:47:30
Many SS men00:47:32
practiced Heinrich Himmler firmly00:47:34
after the final victory that he hoped to00:47:37
officially introduce this00:47:40
as a way to found two families00:47:43
for an SS man and at the00:47:45
same time of course to be able to00:47:47
produce more racially pure children00:47:51
the SS boss takes Weddings of high-ranking SS00:47:55
officers like to film the wedding of her sister Gretel to group leader Hermann Federlein in front of Hitler's00:47:58
lover Eva Braun on the third of June00:48:00
1944 in Salzburg.00:48:05
Himmler himself does00:48:08
not dare to make his family situation00:48:10
public.00:48:13
His second marriage is his secret one00:48:16
with his former secretary00:48:18
Entered Hedwig Potthast She had come00:48:20
to three main security offices in 193500:48:23
and pretty soon00:48:27
became Heinrich Himmler's private secretary, but she was also temporarily00:48:29
here in Gmund where the Reichsführer SS's personal00:48:31
staff was at the office00:48:35
around 1938 39, the two of them were then00:48:39
secret a couple and they later had00:48:41
two children together00:48:44
on July 20, 1944, an assassination attempt on00:48:48
Hitler took place in the Führer headquarters00:48:50
Wolfsschanze a lot of00:48:52
the coup some officers around00:48:54
Count Stauffenberg were00:48:56
bloodily defeated with Himmler's help00:48:59
First of all, the turn of the war meant00:49:01
a further increase in power00:49:04
for Himmler because he takes on00:49:05
additional positions, for example00:49:07
commander of the AC Research00:49:09
Reich Minister of the Interior and from his00:49:11
perspective it seems that00:49:13
his success has initially grown00:49:15
and first of all the00:49:17
deteriorating military situation seemed to00:49:18
be favorable for him and it00:49:21
also suits his whole00:49:22
personality structure that,00:49:24
now that things were getting a little more00:49:25
serious, he pulled himself together and00:49:29
showed no weaknesses to his people and,00:49:32
so to speak, gave them the impression00:49:35
that everything would end well.00:49:39
In August 1944, Henricus00:49:42
also photographed the dissolution of the Lodz ghetto The00:49:44
last residents have to00:49:46
report to Radegast train station for00:49:48
deportation. Cecilia Landau is also00:49:51
crammed into one of the wagons.00:49:53
We had little luggage because we00:49:56
couldn't carry much and the walk from the00:49:59
ghetto to here was almost two00:50:02
hours ago. These trains were lined up in00:50:07
a row radegast so-called00:50:10
train station they had ramps to00:50:14
get in and in such a car there were00:50:17
probably several hundred people00:50:20
it was August it was hot00:50:24
we got some bread no water they00:50:29
had imagined that they would00:50:31
go to another camp or00:50:34
maybe a labor camp but the00:50:38
idea We were00:50:41
n't entirely sure that we had to leave everything behind00:50:44
because why do we leave here and take every00:50:47
luggage without any00:50:50
registration where what00:50:55
was my condition?00:50:59
I would say hopeless,00:51:01
I don't have anything left. You don't believe there is a00:51:04
future in any00:51:07
past, nothing. I was at the end00:51:10
at the end every performance at the end of every00:51:14
fear at the end every hope of00:51:17
continuing to live the moment I00:51:20
got into that car life was over for me00:51:31
Cecilie Landau has no idea where the00:51:33
journey will end00:51:35
[music]00:51:37
after some time we arrived at a place at00:51:41
four o'clock early it was brightly00:51:44
lit and the doors were cut00:51:49
we say dogs SS and the word out the00:51:55
men were separated from the women00:51:58
the children from the parents the old from00:52:03
the young and we asked a young00:52:06
man in the striped that shape with the00:52:09
bracelet capo where are we the00:52:14
answer was auschwitz birkenau and we00:52:17
said we had never heard of this place00:52:19
they didn't believe us00:52:24
nor at the traffic light next to ss doctors the00:52:28
selection of the arrivals if i'm00:52:30
suitable for work I'll be killed immediately00:52:33
[music]00:52:35
all luggage everything was taken away we00:52:39
were protected in a room we00:52:41
had to undress my friend00:52:44
from Prague00:52:46
asked an SS woman in a room00:52:51
couldn't we rather have a number00:52:53
instead of losing our hair00:52:56
and the answer was here you take what00:52:59
you get00:53:00
then they were given to us hair shaved off00:53:02
and then there was some water and someone00:53:06
says that it was either water or gas00:53:09
that day there was some water and at the00:53:12
other end a single rag00:53:15
either a dress or an apron00:53:18
a lump no laundry no shoes00:53:22
no hour nothing00:53:25
and then we have We looked around and00:53:27
we saw the opportunity to smoke stones00:53:30
and we asked. It was00:53:33
whispered from one row to the second and00:53:36
then we knew about clearly. Within a00:53:40
few hours we found out00:53:42
what Schütz actually was.00:53:48
Cecilie Landau was allowed to leave Auschwitz after a00:53:51
few weeks She was brought back to00:53:53
her hometown of Hamburg as a slave worker.00:53:55
The gassings00:53:59
in the camp only stopped at the end of October00:54:01
1944 in view of the approaching Red00:54:05
Army. On00:54:07
Himmler's orders, the00:54:09
crematoriums and gas chambers were blown up. On00:54:12
January 18, 58,000 people left00:54:15
Auschwitz for the west. Only a few00:54:18
survived the death marches00:54:21
Around 7,000 prisoners who are unable to transport remain in the barracks.00:54:28
Heinrich Himmler honors00:54:30
soldiers in a propaganda-fair manner and swears in00:54:32
Volkssturm men who have to go to00:54:34
the lost war as the last contingent.00:54:36
In the newsreel, he preaches the00:54:39
faith in the00:54:57
north of Berlin in Hohenlychen,00:54:59
Karl Gebhardt introduces00:55:01
Himmler's childhood friend, a luxurious00:55:04
SS sanatorium, this is where the Reichsführer00:55:07
likes to retreat to relax. In00:55:09
1945, the area was occupied by the Red00:55:12
Army. Since the withdrawal of00:55:14
Soviet troops from Germany,00:55:15
the property has been empty.00:55:19
This is where Himmler turned00:55:22
away from Hitler in March 1945, in contrast to the00:55:25
He is relying on talks with the00:55:27
Western Allies.00:55:28
He doesn't want to surrender.00:55:32
He couldn't really assume that00:55:34
he would actually be accepted as a00:55:36
negotiating partner by the Allies in the spring of 1945.00:55:41
From today's perspective, this negotiation seems00:55:42
extremely bizarre, for example00:55:45
his attempt to talk to a middleman of the00:55:47
Jewish world congress00:55:48
to give the impression as if one00:55:52
could now make peace between the AS and the Jews and similar00:55:53
things. He seems to have tried here00:55:56
at the end of the war to develop a concept again, to00:56:01
develop an idea, to invent a new role for himself00:56:03
The role of the humanitarian00:56:04
mediator. From his point of view, he had00:56:07
basically been successful with everything he had done up to that point00:56:10
and why shouldn't he be able to change his role again with00:56:13
the utmost effort of will and00:56:16
work on himself?00:56:20
Hitler can't believe that His00:56:23
loyal Heinrich betrays him and accepts his birthday wishes00:56:26
in the Berlin Reich Chancellery on April 2nd, 1945.00:56:33
But when he00:56:35
learns about the negotiations from the international press,00:56:37
after a fit of rage he expels Himmler00:56:39
from the party and from all00:56:41
state offices00:56:44
as American troops and Red Cross00:56:46
helpers In April,00:56:51
tens of thousands of prisoners reached Buchwald concentration camp, vegetating in Himmler's camps.00:56:53
Many were struggling with death. The SS guards had00:56:57
fled. They no longer obeyed the orders of their00:56:59
Reichsführer that no one00:57:01
should fall into the hands of the enemy alive00:57:06
[Music]00:57:12
Lucille Eichengreen is at the end On her00:57:15
journey into the past00:57:17
she once visited the former00:57:20
Bergen Belsen concentration camp in the00:57:22
Lüneburg Heath00:57:23
under her birth name Cecilie Landau.00:57:27
She was brought there in March 1945 and00:57:30
saw once again indescribable misery. When00:57:42
we got to the camp, the dead were lying00:57:45
on the paths In the00:57:49
barracks there was a huge pit with00:57:53
naked corpses and the smell in the00:57:56
camp was now impossible00:57:58
and we knew on the first day that if we could00:58:02
n't live here for long, we were00:58:04
already dying. At the entrance in front of the gate there00:58:07
were two huge piles with one already00:58:11
closed on the right and one on the left, namely00:58:14
an old school small shoes new shoes00:58:17
and what went through my head was where00:58:21
are the legs where are the people just00:58:24
empty to00:58:25
[applause] at00:58:27
the beginning of April 1945 she experienced her00:58:31
liberation here by British troops00:58:32
[music]00:58:34
[Applause]00:58:35
[Music]00:58:41
We knew that the English had00:58:44
found us and we knew that00:58:47
the war was probably over for us00:58:49
but the joy didn't last long.00:58:53
People asked themselves where are our00:58:56
families, where is our home, where are00:59:00
we going and what Now,00:59:04
when the Americans occupied the property in Gmund at the beginning of May 1945,00:59:07
the00:59:09
owner of the house disappeared into Himmler's00:59:12
living room. The G1 heard on the radio about the00:59:15
surrender of the Germans.00:59:18
Himmler tried in vain to join the00:59:20
Reich government of Admiral Dönitz.00:59:22
They wanted nothing more to00:59:24
do with him than anything else soldier00:59:26
in disguise, shaved and with an00:59:28
eye patch, he was picked up by a British patrol on May 21st.00:59:36
He had various options. There were 145.00:59:39
He could have committed suicide like00:59:41
other Nazis. He had led00:59:44
a final attack at the head of a battalion00:59:47
It didn't come00:59:48
to that, he would have thought of what many would have00:59:51
expected from him, the Allies00:59:53
could stand in front of his men,00:59:55
take responsibility, he did00:59:58
n't do all of this. He00:59:59
obviously missed the decisive moment,01:00:02
so to speak, an answer to01:00:06
the end of the third01:00:07
His personality seems to have really collapsed in01:00:10
the last weeks of the war.01:00:12
He01:00:13
didn't know what to do. He also01:00:16
had the opportunity to escape and01:00:19
effectively change his appearance, but his01:00:21
efforts in this regard were so01:00:22
amateurish that in the01:00:25
English interviewer Officers immediately recognized it when it was01:00:26
presented to him01:00:28
on Uelzener Strasse in Lüneburg.01:00:31
At that time it was an interrogation center for the British01:00:33
armed forces.01:00:36
When the prisoner was thoroughly01:00:37
searched there, Heinrich Himmler committed suicide with01:00:39
a capsule hidden in his mouth.01:00:43
The mass murderer died on May 23, 194501:00:47
after a painful agony Only about 8001:00:51
kilometers from the Bergen Belsen camp01:00:56
[Music]01:01:03
in December 1945, Sicily left01:01:06
Germany and emigrated to the01:01:09
USA.01:01:11
Lucille Eichengreen has no explanation01:01:13
for why old age could happen. The01:01:17
Germans were always educated01:01:19
people. She says01:01:21
she can forgive them to this day not01:01:23
[music]01:01:53
[music]Description:
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