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00:00:02

[music]

00:00:14

hello

00:00:15

topic of the lesson natural acids and alkalis

00:00:19

indicators today in the lesson you will learn

00:00:26

that the properties of acidity and fervor

00:00:30

can be signs of

00:00:32

some natural acids and alkalis

00:00:36

chemical indicators methyl

00:00:40

orange litmus phenolphthalein and

00:00:44

measuring their color in various environments

00:00:53

acids by origin are divided into

00:00:57

organic

00:00:58

they are formed in living organisms,

00:01:01

for example, malic acid, citric

00:01:04

acid, lactic acid and other

00:01:09

inorganic or mineral acids are

00:01:13

formed in inanimate nature, for example,

00:01:17

these include nitric acid, sulfuric

00:01:21

acid, hydrochloric acid and other

00:01:28

mineral acids or

00:01:31

inorganic acids,

00:01:34

nitric acid formula

00:01:39

hno3 sulfuric acid formula h2 so4

00:01:48

carbonic acid

00:01:50

formula h2 co3

00:01:54

silicic acid formula as much as two seli

00:01:59

co3

00:02:02

hydrochloric acid formula as much as chlorine

00:02:07

orthophosphoric acid formula h3

00:02:12

po4 all acids begin with a

00:02:16

hydrogen atom under normal conditions

00:02:21

acids can be both solids

00:02:25

and liquids aqueous solutions of acids

00:02:30

are usually colorless

00:02:35

some acids are volatile

00:02:39

and in concentrated form they have a pungent

00:02:43

odor

00:02:45

sulfuric hydrochloric nitric acid can

00:02:50

cause severe burns destroy tissue

00:02:54

therefore when working with these acids

00:02:59

it is necessary to take special

00:03:01

precautions a solution of hydrochloric acid

00:03:08

in the stomach a

00:03:10

mass fraction of hydrogen chloride of 0.5 percent

00:03:15

creates an acidic environment in which

00:03:19

enzymatic digestion occurs

00:03:21

much easier antibacterial the action of

00:03:27

acid

00:03:29

to destroy harmful bacteria antacids

00:03:35

are medications

00:03:38

intended for the treatment of a

00:03:40

number of dependent diseases of the

00:03:43

gastrointestinal tract; the

00:03:46

mechanism of action is based on the chemical

00:03:50

neutralization of hydrochloric acid, which is

00:03:54

part of the gastric juice; the main

00:04:00

antacids include a compound that

00:04:03

contains magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide,

00:04:09

aluminum hydroxide;

00:04:12

antacids are already more than 100 years, they have been used

00:04:16

to treat the stomach for the formation of acids in

00:04:25

nature,

00:04:26

carbon dioxide from the air dissolving in

00:04:30

rainwater

00:04:31

turns into carbonic acid h2

00:04:35

co3 during this time

00:04:39

4-valent nitrogen oxide is formed

00:04:43

which, dissolving in rainwater,

00:04:47

forms nitric acid hno3

00:04:52

when a volcano erupts,

00:04:56

4-valent sulfur oxide is released into the atmosphere

00:05:01

which is involved in the formation of

00:05:04

sulfuric acid h2 so4

00:05:12

alkali and these are caustic substances that

00:05:17

corrode many organic substances

00:05:21

when working with them, special

00:05:26

care must be taken formulas of some alkalis

00:05:33

potassium hydroxide

00:05:35

formula potassium oash sodium hydroxide

00:05:39

formula sodium calcium hydroxide

00:05:44

the formula reads calcium as much as twice barry

00:05:50

hydroxide barry as much as twice

00:05:55

lithium hydroxide lithium

00:05:58

o as much as the composition of alkalis

00:06:01

metal atom oxygen hydrogen

00:06:10

use of acids borax acid

00:06:14

has antiseptic properties it is

00:06:18

used in the preparation of borax ointment

00:06:23

orthophosphoric acid is widely used

00:06:26

in dentistry for filling teeth

00:06:30

oxalic acid is used to

00:06:34

remove stains from rust or ink

00:06:40

diluted nitric acid

00:06:42

is used for cleaning products made from

00:06:46

precious metals citric acid

00:06:50

is used in cooking

00:06:52

and also for removing all kinds of stains

00:06:55

from wine

00:06:57

various berries rust paints

00:07:01

the use of alkalis

00:07:04

calcium hydroxide or slaked lime have been

00:07:08

used in construction since ancient times

00:07:11

to prepare

00:07:14

bonding mixtures of lime mortar

00:07:18

means for cleaning sewer

00:07:22

pipes from fat deposits can contain

00:07:27

more than 40 percent sodium hydroxide

00:07:33

potassium hydroxide is

00:07:35

used in the production of detergents

00:07:39

magnesium hydroxide is used as a

00:07:42

component of toothpastes and is

00:07:47

divided into organic and inorganic in slots

00:07:51

they are acidic, there are solid and liquid

00:07:57

alkalis

00:08:00

soap solutions to the touch are used in the production of

00:08:04

synthetic detergents

00:08:07

they are divided into soluble and

00:08:10

insoluble in water common to acids

00:08:15

and alkalis in the composition there is hydrogen the

00:08:19

composition of all alkalis and

00:08:22

some acids there is oxygen and acids

00:08:26

and alkalis

00:08:28

caustic causes burns and poisoning and

00:08:32

acids and alkalis

00:08:35

change the color of the indicator pigments isolated from the

00:08:40

plant

00:08:42

coloring substances were known in

00:08:45

ancient Egypt and in ancient Rome,

00:08:50

the use of organic substances

00:08:52

as indicators dates back to the

00:08:55

seventeenth century and is associated with the name of the

00:08:57

famous English physicist and chemist

00:09:01

Robert Boyle,

00:09:04

one day he was in labor pain while

00:09:06

in his laboratory about to

00:09:10

conduct an experiment, a gardener came to him,

00:09:12

the gardener brought the scientist’s favorite flowers,

00:09:16

violets, during the experiment

00:09:22

the laboratory was filled with

00:09:24

acrid smoke. At the end of the experiment,

00:09:28

pain noticed that his violets

00:09:31

changed color, so pain

00:09:35

put the flowers in a vessel with water and was

00:09:39

surprised to notice that his violets

00:09:42

changed color again

00:09:49

indicators are organic and

00:09:52

inorganic substances that change

00:09:56

their color under the influence of solutions of

00:09:59

acids and alkalis,

00:10:01

the name and dictators comes from the

00:10:04

Latin word

00:10:05

indicator what does the indicator mean

00:10:10

indicator litmus indicator methyl orange

00:10:15

or methyl orange and threw in

00:10:19

Tallinn we will

00:10:24

look at the table

00:10:28

color change indicator if litmus in a

00:10:34

neutral environment has a violet color

00:10:38

then when it comes into contact with an

00:10:40

acidic environment the color changes to red

00:10:44

when it comes into contact with an alkaline environment the

00:10:47

litmus light changes to blue phenolphthalein

00:10:53

in a neutral environment is

00:10:55

colorless it does not change color in an

00:11:00

acidic environment, that is, it also remains

00:11:03

colorless in an alkaline environment Finnish

00:11:06

kallen turns crimson in color

00:11:12

Mikel orange in an acidic environment

00:11:16

pink alkaline environment yellow

00:11:21

neutral environment orange color to

00:11:26

determine the acidity of the environment the

00:11:28

concept is used so ph hydrogen

00:11:31

indicator

00:11:33

if the ph value is less than seven, it means an

00:11:37

acidic environment,

00:11:39

if the ph value is more than seven, then the

00:11:43

environment is alkaline; the ph value

00:11:46

is 7, which means a neutral environment;

00:11:52

pay attention to the color change; it is

00:11:55

universal and

00:11:56

the dictator of the paper; the color of the indicator

00:12:00

paper changes from a strongly acidic

00:12:05

environment to a

00:12:06

strongly alkaline environment;

00:12:11

in addition, there are also

00:12:13

numerical data on changes in the acidity of the

00:12:16

environment,

00:12:18

let's move on to completing task task 1, we

00:12:24

are talking about such an indicator as when on a walk from the

00:12:28

frost, from sour things I will turn pink,

00:12:31

but my appearance of alkali is funny, I'm immediately yellow

00:12:35

like a lemon, check the answer

00:12:55

we are talking about methyl orange task

00:13:02

2

00:13:04

name the indicator changing color from

00:13:08

colorless to crimson,

00:13:27

check the answer

00:13:31

phenolphthalein in an acidic environment is colorless

00:13:35

when phenolphthalein gets into an alkaline

00:13:38

environment, it becomes crimson

00:13:45

let's summarize the lesson, you learned that all

00:13:50

acids contain hydrogen atoms that

00:13:54

participate in reactions with various

00:13:57

substances alkalis are caustic substances

00:14:01

that corrode many organic

00:14:05

substances

00:14:06

solutions of alkalis soaps to the touch

00:14:10

there are substances that, under the

00:14:14

influence of solutions of acids and alkalis,

00:14:18

change their color,

00:14:21

these substances are called indicators

00:14:25

when working with solutions of acids and alkalis,

00:14:28

you must follow safety rules,

00:14:31

this lesson is over,

00:14:38

goodbye

00:14:45

[music]

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