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Download "Сила трения. Трение покоя | Физика 7 класс #23 | Инфоурок"

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инфоурок
школа
видеоуроки
7 класс
физика
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00:00:00
[music]
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force of friction static friction
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we already know that the reason for the change in
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speed is the friction force a ball
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coming down a hill
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moves along a horizontal path
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unevenly its speed gradually
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decreases and after a while it
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stops
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the skater as soon as it stops
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accelerating will roll for quite a
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long time but will still stop
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stops and the car, after the
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engine stops working, when the
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surfaces of two bodies come into contact, an
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interaction arises between them,
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which begins to impede their
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movement relative to each other,
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this interaction is called
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friction, the force that characterizes this
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interaction is called the friction force,
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it is denoted by the letter f with the index
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tr. Let's consider the reasons
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that determine the occurrence of
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friction force. 1 of the reasons is the roughness of
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the surface of the contacting bodies, even
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smooth-looking ones have irregularities.
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So, with magnification, the
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irregularities on the razor blade are clearly visible. Let's look
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under a microscope at the razor blade
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on which a human hair lies.
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It is obvious that scratches and micro irregularities are
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very small,
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but with the movement of one body along the
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surface of another, these irregularities,
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tubercles and depressions clinging to each
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other, create
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a certain force that retards movement;
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another reason for friction is the mutual
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attraction of molecules of contacting bodies,
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if the surfaces are well polished, then
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when they come into contact,
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some of the molecules can approach at a
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distance sufficient for their
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interaction, in this case it begins
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the attraction between
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the molecules of bodies
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in contact with each other is noticeable; there are
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different types of dry friction; the first is
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static friction; the
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second is sliding friction; the third is rolling friction;
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response to the
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actions of our force, a
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frictional force sharply arises between the floor
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and the legs of the sofa; the balancing
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actions of our force when the body is at
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rest on an inclined plane, it is
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held on it by the force of friction;
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however, if there were no friction, then the body,
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under the influence of gravity, would begin to
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slide down the inclined plane planes
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like a sled down a mountain, since this force
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exists between
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bodies at rest relative to each other, this force is
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usually called the
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static friction force due to static friction
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on a conveyor belt I
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move parts in production,
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for example, the picture shows a
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conveyor moving waste from a
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woodworking industry, the
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static friction force holds a wedge driven
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into the deck prevents the tape from coming undone;
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tied in a knot, holds the
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face cream on the skin, preventing it from slipping off, and
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so on; the friction that occurs when
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one body slides over the surface of
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another
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is called sliding friction; such friction
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occurs, for example, when moving skates;
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if instead of a skate blade there are wheels,
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then such a movement called rolling
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roller skates roll they slide along the
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surface of the earth
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the friction that arises is called
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rolling friction the movement of the wheels of a
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railway train rolling logs
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coils with cable rolling a ball
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along a chute all this is a manifestation of the
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rolling friction force the friction force can be
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reduced many times
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if introduced between the rubbing
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surfaces the lubricant will not come into contact with the
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surfaces of the
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donkey's body and lubricant friction of layers of liquid lubricant
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less than solid surfaces, for example,
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weak friction when skating on
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ice and skiing on snow can be explained by the
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action of the lubricant due to the strong pressure
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between the skates and the ice, a
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thin layer of water is formed between the skates and the snow.
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in practical life,
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various oils are widely used as lubricants since
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they stay on the surface longer; the
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figure shows a body
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moving on an inclined plane; the
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velocity vector is indicated next to the body; indicate
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the direction of the friction force; in both cases,
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friction will be directed along
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the surface of contact of the bodies; the
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side opposite to the movement of the body will be
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considered. what does the magnitude of the friction force depend on?
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Let’s conduct an experiment to a wooden block;
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attach a dynamometer to measure the
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sliding friction force of a wooden block on a
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smooth table and sandpaper; hold
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the dynamometer horizontally; then
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move the block evenly, first on a
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smooth table, then on sandpaper;
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draw a conclusion when moving on
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sandpaper; the friction force more than on a
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smooth table, which means the friction force will be
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different depending on the materials of the
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rubbing surfaces experiment 2,
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attach a dynamometer to a wooden block,
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measure the friction force by
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evenly moving the block on a smooth
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table, holding the dynamometer horizontally,
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then put a load on the block and
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similarly measure the friction force, we will
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conclude that the greater the weight body, the
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friction force is greater with the same
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contact surface, which means the friction force
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depends on the force pressing the body to the
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surface experiment 3, replace
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sliding friction with rolling friction by placing a
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wooden block on round sticks,
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measure the friction force, we will conclude that when
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moving on a rough surface,
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rolling friction is much less than the
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sliding friction force Let's
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summarize by measuring the force with which
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the dynamometer acts on a body during its
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uniform motion, we are measuring force 3
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not the friction force will depend on the materials of the
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rubbing surfaces, the forces pressing
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the body to the surface
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under equal loads, the rolling friction force is
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always less than the sliding friction force

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