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Russian
00:01:22
Hello everyone, my name is Mikhail Sveta00:01:24
thank you for tuning in to my broadcast00:01:26
100's guest today is physicist Sergei Popov00:01:28
and let's talk and good evening to you big00:01:30
Sergey, why did you come to the broadcast, we’ll talk00:01:32
today it’s actually just about physics00:01:33
law of educational activities on00:01:36
how science develops what role in00:01:37
the state plays in this and why00:01:39
astrophysics cost so much money thank you00:01:41
Thank you Sergey for coming on air, well00:01:44
the very first question from an astrophysicist00:01:50
today and on what basis00:01:52
not only questions on himself trying00:01:53
answer good questions big science00:01:57
enough and many questions and00:02:00
really doing what00:02:03
global development programs right there00:02:07
a lot of people love to do stuff like this00:02:09
European Space Agency00:02:10
write down key questions but at the same time00:02:14
It seems to me that they are a very general question00:02:17
remain very general and general questions00:02:20
conditionally boil down to how it is00:02:22
happened and how the universe evolves00:02:25
is there life the universe could be out there00:02:29
some details about the early era00:02:32
evolution of the earth, well, it’s almost a question of how00:02:35
life appeared on earth after all00:02:36
not an astronomical question from00:02:39
biological mixed with geology00:02:42
probably but the history of formation00:02:43
solar system to this of course00:02:45
adjoins very closely therefore it is official00:02:47
these are questions related to cosmology with00:02:51
evolution of the universe and issues related to00:02:55
exoplanets, that is, planets of other00:02:57
stars and with the search for life this is probably true00:03:00
offhand the most important thing but in principle00:03:03
astrophysics is a big science while I00:03:06
I think I don't know 70 percent00:03:07
astrophysicists are busy with something completely different00:03:09
golden age of astrophysics mid00:03:12
twentieth century when they were so big00:03:13
ambitions to fly into space launch00:03:15
the satellite will land there and go to the moon00:03:18
the feeling that since then the scale00:03:20
I wanted to push these ambitions a little00:03:22
back and understanding what exactly 100 is00:03:25
the physicist is working on general topics today00:03:26
the same as in the 60s00:03:28
no under duck00:03:30
not agreeing to the hare twice00:03:33
first need to be developed00:03:35
outer space and actually00:03:37
winter fears00:03:38
these are two different things, well that's about it00:03:42
just like they are still slightly different things00:03:45
I don’t know how to practice this kind of philosophy00:03:50
and psychology and study, well, I don’t know00:03:55
We don’t force real brain functions00:03:58
after a stroke or vice versa00:04:00
make people buy as unnecessary00:04:02
drive nonsense from the manipulated, this is for00:04:06
astrophysics had different things in the sixties00:04:09
years this really happened00:04:10
happened 60 fury00:04:12
When were pulsar quasars discovered?00:04:15
cosmic microwave background radiation last mean00:04:17
that we directly understood that we live in not00:04:20
it's just an evolving universe out there00:04:23
really understood what happened before00:04:25
big explosion then 70 80 they are in it00:04:30
I mean, more boring, well, there are 50 40 too00:04:34
were more boring let's say a hundred and fifty00:04:37
years ago astrophysicists are not good00:04:39
as such, well, the 90s gave00:04:42
two absolutely amazing things for us:00:04:46
firstly, accelerated expansion00:04:49
universe we realized that cosmology00:04:52
is structured much more interesting than but00:04:55
at least they wrote in popular books00:04:57
and the second thing is to discover exoplanets00:05:01
here are the two most important questions that I00:05:03
named they are largely related to these00:05:05
discoveries are already in the 90s and00:05:07
astrophysics she is happy for now00:05:10
in such an extensive period of development00:05:14
when it’s hard but you can still just00:05:18
build a telescope00:05:19
more and do it in a reasonable amount of time00:05:23
time that is in elementary physics00:05:24
particles don't work out like that anymore people00:05:26
who are now00:05:27
designs the accelerator next after00:05:30
Large Hadron Collider before it00:05:33
the creation will stupidly not live to see this a little00:05:35
sad and here we are directly changing all this00:05:38
the builders are beginning to resemble00:05:41
medieval cathedrals and how00:05:42
two or three hundred did not live00:05:45
but the astrophysicist is still continuing and00:05:50
and besides, astrophysics is beautiful and00:05:54
so but here's how goals are chosen in00:05:59
astrophysics that's what the ambition is there00:06:01
relatively speaking science or is it just con00:06:03
watching the world and trying to find it00:06:06
We don’t understand this yet, let’s get to it00:06:07
look there are a few of these00:06:10
levels of activity coat of arms of the house taxes in00:06:13
in many areas of activity it is possible00:06:15
found in principle but the following happens00:06:19
there are big expensive projects not only00:06:23
the name moves astrophysics forward then00:06:26
there is a hubble ski telescope there at james00:06:28
I don’t know the X-ray gamma spectrum00:06:31
something special there00:06:33
flying in space but they exist and they00:06:37
play a very significant role00:06:40
naturally creating any big00:06:42
installation is a very competitive process00:06:46
that is00:06:47
It’s easier to explain with a companion there too00:06:49
procedures a little00:06:51
how how more clearly is she from the outside00:06:53
It’s better to see there are several stages then00:06:57
there is at some stage cosmic00:06:59
agency00:07:00
European or American and others in00:07:03
in general, such transparent procedures in my opinion00:07:05
they don’t say what they are planning00:07:09
I don’t know there, launch from 2020 to 203000:07:13
one big astrophysical mission 200:07:15
medium and trimmer00:07:16
when he makes decisions like this00:07:18
understand from deciding who the task is to become a00:07:19
look, it’s important to divide first00:07:22
means they pray for strengthening and who00:07:25
start direction here's the government00:07:30
conditionally they say how much they will give00:07:33
money and the space agency I understand00:07:35
what kind of money does he have and what level is it?00:07:38
space agency00:07:40
issues are being resolved but of course it doesn’t matter00:07:42
there with negotiations with those with others00:07:44
of course you can always make one00:07:46
there's some super super project or00:07:49
on the contrary, a thousand little bear cubs or00:07:52
something average not average it00:07:55
average is more effective not in the sense that00:07:57
do something average and do it like that00:07:59
here is one moderately large00:08:01
I try there two medium ones with smaller ones00:08:04
there are 45 smaller ones, that’s what the agency decides00:08:07
Dasha agency can voice some00:08:11
their general goals in the spirit of how00:08:14
the universe evolved as00:08:16
life appeared something like this00:08:18
very vague definition they are in general00:08:21
do not greatly influence the future and then00:08:26
people, that is, separate groups of people00:08:29
they are starting to think about uniting sooner00:08:32
everything and submit your applications and00:08:35
number of applications at the initial stage00:08:37
there will be but there is 123 permissible quantity00:08:40
there will be I don't know 5 applications00:08:43
1027 and then there will be several stages00:08:47
that is, there will be a first stage of consideration00:08:49
here is the written text of the application00:08:50
there is nothing more, something will be discarded00:08:54
will be given00:08:55
money for the next stage of development00:08:58
people go into a little more detail again00:09:01
competition again screening more detailed and00:09:04
finally the decision is made that yes00:09:06
she is the most important mission here00:09:09
final stage00:09:11
but usually depends of course on the scale00:09:15
project but so good quality for several years00:09:17
for final finishing everything starts and00:09:19
work and in this sense this is the task00:09:24
turns out to be well distributed then00:09:25
there is essentially a policy up to00:09:28
government just tell us how many we are00:09:29
we give money to the agency00:09:35
structured it but still without00:09:37
any specific names from such that00:09:39
we will launch one big mission and this00:09:41
there will definitely be places for x-ray00:09:43
telescope taste doesn't come from this00:09:48
As a result, there is already a discussion in scientific00:09:50
community, for example, it turns out that it is00:09:52
there must be an x-ray telescope but00:09:54
if there is show jumping00:09:56
the overall project they will compete for now00:09:58
not selected 1 that is, this is in general00:10:01
such a well done task00:10:03
and normally the scientific community00:10:07
decides what politicization will do00:10:09
science it helps how to achieve00:10:11
some goals that otherwise would not00:10:13
enough money and years on the contrary distracts00:10:15
what can I really look at?00:10:18
I'll bring it to this point but I just want00:10:21
emphasize besides these big ones00:10:22
projects there is a science that uses00:10:28
some existing projects00:10:32
ground-based telescope it can, taking into account00:10:35
equipment replacement work he and 30 and00:10:38
50 years if desired and people work here00:10:42
them00:10:43
Well, it’s not that I don’t care about the pipes00:10:45
new project currently happening00:10:47
they are a little away from this mystery00:10:49
and finally there is just this project00:10:51
significantly smaller where is the money00:10:54
are given no longer at the level there, that’s how00:10:56
European Space Agency and then00:10:58
there is an interstate thing and money00:11:01
given at the university level, say00:11:03
or some local governments00:11:05
provinces of Germany here and this too00:11:10
science they get interesting too00:11:11
results and it is important to understand that since00:11:14
in the forest you to the music and grow up00:11:16
just trees, bushes and grass00:11:18
brain and you could and all this really00:11:21
Part a single ecosystem and so of course we are there00:11:24
we can hardly go anywhere and00:11:26
look at the bushes and look at it and we can00:11:29
go somewhere far away00:11:32
in general, it is important to understand that there is a single00:11:34
system therefore not only these00:11:36
big projects everything is determined and00:11:38
therefore for a significant part of the decision00:11:40
where will people make these decisions?00:11:45
are accepted on a more local basis00:11:47
level and in the end just00:11:49
separately00:11:50
people decide what they will do00:11:53
if a person already has it, let’s say to00:11:56
professorial position then if we00:11:59
no additional resources needed00:12:01
he just wants academic freedom00:12:04
a simple thought until recently she00:12:07
I also had a cold about it00:12:11
let's bet on going to politicization then we00:12:13
I'll leave, although it's like asking00:12:14
ask here megaprojects which are just00:12:17
associated, among other things, with space00:12:19
programs there are flight to the moon00:12:20
the international space station00:12:22
cosmic crazy absolutely money from00:12:25
the exhaust from which, in general, flew to00:12:27
Well, of course it’s cool to show what it can do, but00:12:29
what scientific achievements will I achieve?00:12:31
here is the Kia object so I want to untied it00:12:33
there is almost everything00:12:36
I'm just afraid time says buried00:12:38
the vast majority of astrophysicists you00:12:41
would look for that there is no need for some kind of flight on00:12:43
flying moon, I’ll tell you, well, that is00:12:46
this thing has nothing to do with00:12:48
science is exactly the same as but there it is00:12:52
follow on and attitude00:12:55
holding the Olympics has kozara muur00:12:57
life in the country can and has somehow00:13:00
this problem could be solved sideways00:13:03
it's probably better that's why they're like this00:13:08
projects they are obviously but almost entirely in00:13:10
unscientific good by-product00:13:16
which such initiatives often pay off00:13:19
are technological developments00:13:23
there are some developments that00:13:25
it seems clear what can be done and then00:13:29
business will not take place because00:13:30
it would be risky and very expensive00:13:34
the state can be wonderful00:13:39
the only one you want to say00:13:40
a wonderful comedy club sideshow where00:13:42
that is, Stalin tayberry00:13:44
communicate and I want to be on the table00:13:47
lumps, that's it, I need a second tube but00:13:51
and I’ll smoke and I’ll have a second one00:13:52
takes photographs and these are the tasks00:13:56
are solved within the framework of scientific projects00:13:59
there are many examples when side and or in00:14:03
something as a by-product00:14:04
appeared00:14:05
or we need people we will need00:14:08
that's how one of the beads was, well, it's like00:14:11
in this area, that is, all sorts of large00:14:14
installation fails in this situation00:14:16
is it the same thing going to the moon or00:14:19
building a space station is simple00:14:21
sucks so much money that00:14:22
the rest of the main ones are00:14:24
unconditional here in the Soviet Union to me00:14:26
it seems to but it was, that is, Soviet00:14:28
union of the future great space00:14:29
almost no power in space00:14:33
studies of significant importance are not00:14:35
I did it but I'm afraid to look00:14:36
a lot of people in the comments but I'm leading by00:14:40
compared to the scale of this some00:14:45
there are separate ones, but if we compare there then00:14:47
it will turn out that Europe which gave there00:14:50
the last decades no great00:14:52
it was not cosmic in the sense of scientific00:14:55
got more results than00:14:56
soviet union because soviet union00:14:59
yes this is politics and00:15:02
other achievements in space are actually00:15:04
everything else was all secondary people00:15:06
got amazing results and my00:15:07
favorite astronomical discovery00:15:09
discovery of magnetars is small00:15:11
detector which is physical and technical00:15:15
institute and you did it and so they did it00:15:17
this is a great discovery00:15:18
Well done and yes they are still there00:15:20
new generations of detectors fly00:15:22
amazing results00:15:23
we get it and we'll carry it through they said00:15:26
this is vodka, these guys are like a cannon00:15:30
published in the manager with new00:15:31
amazing results but this00:15:33
not an expensive project at all, but also00:15:38
this makes sense from the point of view of not00:15:40
they know from the Roscosmos skyscraper invisible00:15:43
absolutely and so in general in general yes00:15:49
the taskmaster bring our mule piece of iron to him00:15:51
transfer our hardware to Mars or else00:15:54
somewhere and political goals in this00:15:57
sense prevails over scientific00:15:59
what has changed? what was it before?00:16:01
the prerogative of the state today with this00:16:03
copes but more or less private00:16:05
companies, well, first of all, of course, any00:16:08
advances in technology make it more accessible00:16:11
it's cheaper 1 2 probably00:16:17
it’s significant that it’s like on the water00:16:19
here is stable development in part of the world00:16:22
there are some large companies going on00:16:26
it just gets bigger and so they00:16:28
can make some efforts00:16:32
which maybe earlier could but00:16:36
somehow it seemed to everyone specifically00:16:38
a small number of people00:16:39
strange and now just these people00:16:42
therefore their range of interests has become larger00:16:44
wider and therefore it is possible not only00:16:48
build some kind of huge opera and00:16:50
recruiting a star cast may be something else00:16:54
do this and but at the same time it’s still very00:17:01
big projects they are not that00:17:03
available but it's true there Ilona to our00:17:06
you will have to give all the money for the mask or00:17:08
sell all tesla shares and make00:17:10
something data type00:17:12
James Webb but better stretch the mask00:17:15
not a competitor to Roscosmos00:17:20
It’s unlikely that we would have pulled it off, but we’re in00:17:24
big in a global sense, he has not yet00:17:27
well then propane is not an issue00:17:29
currency notes produces if you listen00:17:31
Rogozin is, well, it’s there after all00:17:34
they look a little different over there00:17:36
there aren't any doctors after all00:17:39
cosmonautics a little non-magic I'm not afraid00:17:41
but it seems to me there is no confrontation and00:17:44
people are trying to arrange some kind of00:17:46
symbiosis and living together00:17:48
may actually be such a faction00:17:50
no, but if we obey and Rogozin this00:17:52
but look at us, that is, he did it00:17:55
rockets food this yes so did kate00:17:57
Martin, yes, this is a private company00:18:00
that is, huge private orders for00:18:04
the most high-tech parts of us00:18:07
using from the very beginning and very often00:18:09
this is an envelope that was sold there that people00:18:11
they don’t know, they’ve already forgotten that you’re coming to00:18:15
airport airport and it x-ray00:18:18
a device to show all this through00:18:21
the first of these devices were made for00:18:23
astronomical satellites and then00:18:24
private these devices made them for00:18:27
airport, that is, in the literal sense00:18:30
conversion is a completely scientific development00:18:33
original something with understandable folk00:18:35
economic importance is possible00:18:39
Now we'll stop talking00:18:41
more like science we'll come maybe like00:18:44
often as the frequency of the targets that are in front00:18:49
scientists really pose themselves00:18:50
turn out to give the result that00:18:53
changes our lives from relatively speaking here00:18:55
we were just talking about flying to the moon00:18:57
everything is more or less clear there but00:18:59
construction of hubble for example or launch00:19:01
satellite hour is such that the satellite was launched00:19:03
didn’t even understand what event happened00:19:04
but look all the people don’t set the task00:19:08
change our lives and I don’t remember about00:19:12
what is the whole question and said well there00:19:14
it doesn’t matter let’s say about Ilya but it’s wrong00:19:19
said he read some lines there but how00:19:21
I couldn’t understand how they were written00:19:24
these lines and the world remains the same00:19:26
well, it’s exactly the same as in art00:19:28
happens all the time and it can happen00:19:31
be surprised or be surprised that there00:19:34
something was written with pen or oil00:19:38
Aamir remained almost the same for minutes00:19:41
in general the same thing happens and not00:19:44
only there with brilliant political00:19:46
lines but and but or with brilliant00:19:48
equations that's why people don't set goals00:19:52
right here shady00:19:54
to change the world there is something else about this00:19:57
great storytelling00:20:00
swim again easy google someone on00:20:02
one of the discussions in Congress00:20:06
USA or there with some of these00:20:07
people made their way to this projects someone00:20:11
asked what does this have to do with00:20:13
country's defense capability00:20:15
studied was a wonderful answer he00:20:17
said this makes the country worthy00:20:19
defense so in this sense people00:20:22
do not strive to change anything, however00:20:24
this happens less often, but still it happens00:20:27
It's not like I'll give one percent much more00:20:33
less than one percent of scientific discoveries00:20:35
fuck find some straight ones00:20:36
proposals for implementation, but there are00:20:39
they find it turns out great00:20:41
in fact, the mice oriented us according to00:20:44
astronomical object00:20:45
but if before it was in the first place00:20:48
exclusively stars this is the last00:20:51
decade then quasars00:20:52
do not refuse only with last minute help00:20:54
delving into work in a certain sense yes in00:20:57
basis00:20:58
global positioning system all00:21:01
quasars lie equally, we are such things00:21:04
quite a lot going on that is00:21:08
there's probably some part missing00:21:12
astronomical motivation at least00:21:16
it would take longer to create and develop00:21:18
theory of relativity which also00:21:20
have already slept practical value00:21:23
but still this is not done for the sake of00:21:26
don't ruin this yet, those who do this00:21:28
does not do it to be there00:21:30
benefit all humanity00:21:32
we gain new knowledge because00:21:35
because we are interested in the latter00:21:37
question on this topic, we talked about00:21:39
megaprojects and, in principle, politicization00:21:41
science, it greatly affects the fact that00:21:43
are you doing it, is it helping or are you just00:21:45
you don't notice it as it exists on00:21:46
background, well, look at it here00:21:51
what subtlety of the sign is clear that the process00:21:55
the politicization of science is simply happening in00:21:57
different countries and here you need to clarify there00:22:00
conditionally but I don’t know and offhand a third00:22:03
world science is the USA and therefore in00:22:06
principle speaking about American science00:22:08
it’s possible, but it’s almost such a noticeable model00:22:11
parts of world science to another stand00:22:13
noticeably listed in China is completely different00:22:15
the political situation is different there00:22:18
and Europe 3 and of course there is a cherished husband00:22:22
obviously much more play science00:22:24
made in usa china europe together00:22:26
taken but the process is going very well00:22:29
differently and affect differently00:22:33
there in China it is clear as in Europe in this00:22:36
problems of state relations00:22:38
there are projects that almost always turn out to be00:22:40
collective and connect some00:22:43
interstate relations and all sorts00:22:47
such interesting trades in the USA00:22:53
there is another process, as it were, reflecting00:22:58
to the eternal struggle between Democrats and00:23:00
Republicans and projecting that00:23:03
including science, so I think not00:23:06
general answer00:23:07
that is, you need to clarify there about which one00:23:09
Sasha, let's talk about Russia according to Gorin00:23:10
Russian science Russian problems oh00:23:14
yes Russian science Russian problems00:23:17
We probably have the main problem then00:23:24
the fact that fundamental science is already00:23:29
99 percent government and00:23:33
with us it’s not even entirely politicization00:23:36
that is, what is the situation in her country00:23:38
cannot be called political d as in00:23:40
scenes of Tsarist Russia, one cannot say that00:23:42
bloc is a political situation00:23:44
absolute monarchy is correct but this00:23:47
depends on the interpretation to00:23:49
water yourself but let me clarify then before00:23:52
space in Russia is still00:23:54
some about political creaking and creaking00:23:57
and thanks to this there are some in space00:24:00
money is clear that it is not in astrophysics but in00:24:02
in space this money on the other will tell you how00:24:05
they are spent helping or hindering helped00:24:06
years Soviet times help years now00:24:10
probably despite all those00:24:16
Problems00:24:18
I'm ready to say on average it probably helped00:24:22
interfered with everyone insanely often, but that’s it00:24:28
in this narrow area probably on average00:24:31
helped with very low efficiency well00:24:35
however, I didn’t help in space00:24:38
focused on the shark there that the Soviet00:24:41
that Russian but in this area00:24:45
helped on the other hand here in general00:24:49
maybe it got in the way because how is it00:24:55
it will be maybe, but there they do it in the world00:24:58
let's let them stain and let us have them00:25:00
there is a companion00:25:01
we have 1 person there, the first woman00:25:05
first dog taste all 1 deliciousness here it is00:25:11
so for sure00:25:14
This is why there is a distortion and, well,00:25:20
Naturally, if everything is so skewed00:25:22
tulu development is not going right00:25:25
way therefore such politicization on00:25:27
definitely michelle I think it's like00:25:29
it should interfere in China too, but I’m very00:25:31
little, that is, this is the money that00:25:33
still the space program is not00:25:35
money that helps in some way00:25:38
fact of science, well, there’s some percentage00:25:40
it helps but how much leaks in there00:25:45
fundamental science obvious00:25:48
very small things00:25:49
plus the problem is still for us in my opinion00:25:52
is that bet is connected here and from00:25:58
general political situation with some00:26:00
Russian traditions generally do not participate well00:26:04
in international cooperation00:26:07
but in the areas that are there for one00:26:11
concern dual-use technology00:26:13
something else everything becomes more00:26:15
it’s more difficult now too, keep in mind that00:26:18
including criminal cases against scientists00:26:19
which start when I started actively00:26:23
cooperate I'm not really I'm talking about00:26:26
they know quite a bit about them specifically00:26:30
command question00:26:31
after all, as far as I read all these people00:26:35
were really applied00:26:37
things they are there are fundamental sciences then00:26:41
there was no such thing as a person00:26:43
developed a telescope for00:26:44
their companion about kicks means they said a00:26:47
the conclusion was told about the devices of this nut00:26:49
it's magical no one on earth story00:26:52
there's such a nemo so I kind of don't00:26:57
I'm ready to comment on this I don't have00:26:59
no matter what, everything just becomes00:27:01
more difficult because the project is expensive00:27:03
projects are long00:27:04
this requires a very high level00:27:07
trust on all sides, that is one thing00:27:09
there we gathered to drink tea00:27:12
you can get together for a drink more or less00:27:14
random person I don't know there but on00:27:17
it takes two people to build a country cottage00:27:20
a completely different level of trust with00:27:21
man and big projects they do this00:27:26
they demand and if there is always something there00:27:29
rush somewhere, that is, I really00:27:31
I already know people who are there with one00:27:34
the parties heard a statement that00:27:36
twenty-fifth year we are all closing00:27:38
ISS we are leaving the project and that’s it00:27:41
people there had ideas on what to do00:27:43
twenty-eighth year but everything means no00:27:45
I make us feel like these young people are no longer suitable00:27:47
only with her we all sang, we started here00:27:50
with new negotiations so let it continue00:27:52
it flies, but if it’s constantly imitation00:27:55
impossible tasks for the project even came00:27:58
could not solve conditionally there topics you00:28:00
Koran ture to study what to say00:28:01
about other big partners when00:28:05
we're talking about being a billion dollars00:28:10
long-term agreements are everything00:28:12
it becomes very difficult to implement00:28:15
then the question is just a physics00:28:18
astrophysics is a fairly new science that00:28:22
what made astrophysics single out00:28:24
separate science from physics proper and00:28:27
how is it fundamentally different from00:28:29
what questions will we answer so and by physicists this00:28:31
the birth of astrophysics is spectral00:28:34
that is, there lived astronomy in this00:28:38
moment he in terms of Soviet can00:28:40
popular does not erase Engels00:28:42
birth that this is the oldest science00:28:44
astronomy00:28:46
which were different components there00:28:49
astra meters celestial mechanics cosmogony00:28:52
cosmography here but at the end00:28:56
nineteenth century in the second half00:28:59
if experience at 19 became possible00:29:02
carry out spectral observations00:29:04
celestial bodies began naturally the sun00:29:06
but then the device gets better00:29:09
a photograph appeared and now from the end of the 19th00:29:13
century there was an opportunity to study00:29:16
something really about nature00:29:17
celestial bodies and accordingly00:29:20
astrophysics is physics nature that is00:29:22
we study the nature of celestial bodies and such00:29:25
now an opportunity has arisen about 15000:29:27
years ago rounds up and little by little00:29:30
a new science was slowly emerging00:29:33
a good illustration is that there00:29:36
until that time00:29:37
astronomy is more likely associated with00:29:41
math, yes, even in the nursery00:29:44
Soviet encyclopedia was there physics00:29:46
chemistry mathematics astronomy or for example00:29:49
there is an astronomy department in Yangu00:29:52
was in mechanics and mathematics until about 55 years old or00:29:59
Gauss is the most famous mathematician there00:30:03
maybe there's a Pythagoras of children over a friend00:30:06
so for a little reason yes he was00:30:10
director of the observatory00:30:11
that is, there was such a connection and now00:30:14
after all, with an astronomer on average you have everything00:30:17
equal to celestial mechanics the remaining 3 st.00:30:18
these are important areas but astronomers00:30:21
associated with00:30:22
astrophysics and in this sense it is part00:30:25
physics, that is, people study at the physics department, ah00:30:27
they usually specialize in this00:30:30
then specializes here and there00:30:32
somewhere but it's generally rare what it is00:30:34
happens right away even here where it seems00:30:37
accepted to specialize immediately but not00:30:40
less, but again they’ll bombard me00:30:42
slippers but 2 3 of the strongest00:30:45
constructivism of groups in the country is00:30:47
after all, graduates are not astronomically00:30:50
institutes more physical degrees00:30:53
institutes in Moscow and St. Petersburg like this00:30:56
that this became part of physics the first step00:30:59
there was a spectral analysis but there is more to come00:31:01
appeared there applying us to cases00:31:04
Now I’ll show you my humanitarian skills00:31:06
master the question was asked incorrectly then you are not00:31:08
excuse me right away and correct me but00:31:10
how much for the body let's say those00:31:15
equations formulas that are used in00:31:18
100 physics are the same equations00:31:20
formulas used in physics00:31:22
how ordinary are they?00:31:24
talk to each other about that00:31:27
in a sense, it’s like the same form of nature00:31:29
we are one and the difference is exactly there in the area00:31:34
applicability and some kind of dignity00:31:37
astrophysics is that in00:31:41
in nature we can observe processes00:31:43
which in the laboratory we unfortunately moment00:31:47
we can’t reproduce some of it00:31:49
famous history and when it was like00:31:52
at least twice it came to court when00:31:54
people tried to close the large hadron00:31:55
Collider Nati and everyone was funny00:31:58
jokes that every civilization has its own00:32:00
development even large filter height up to00:32:02
creating more drama collider on 1700:32:04
first here00:32:06
but actually since it came to this00:32:08
the court needed an argument there was a group00:32:09
CERN experts and who worked everything00:32:12
arguments for safety00:32:13
the collider was astrophysical because00:32:16
that particles fly around the universe00:32:17
a billion times more well in sonnet 100:32:21
a billion times more than on the big one00:32:22
hadron collider00:32:23
that's why people00:32:25
demonstrated that even if00:32:27
such particles produced some harmful00:32:30
effects then there would be no whites there00:32:32
dwarfs, for example, but we see them00:32:35
no black holes are formed00:32:37
which everyone sucks into themselves and00:32:40
[music]00:32:42
astrophysics is therefore very00:32:44
such an important component of physics and00:32:48
that in particular recent years are visible under00:32:50
an insane number of Nobel Prizes00:32:52
who gave the astrophysicist that he used to be00:32:54
It’s not at all common to look for a new trend00:32:56
and at least once I embarrassed myself in00:32:59
live00:33:00
when is the ceremony, let's usually go to the canal00:33:04
science 2 0 sitting experts all sorts of important00:33:08
open what is definitely not up to 10 minutes for00:33:16
it means that not everything is rotten in them yet00:33:18
the kingdom of Denmark, well, this is some kind of00:33:21
the new trend really has a role00:33:22
astrophysics has become apparently more00:33:26
sensitive, that is, universal00:33:31
there is no such thing as a theory of everything00:33:33
blue dream of understanding something law00:33:35
which unites everything about the spheres of science but00:33:37
there are laws that unite here00:33:40
Let's just say our world and the world of astrophysics00:33:43
the world of physics that exists but in00:33:46
not a planet of galaxies separation after all00:33:49
it’s not like in the 17th century on an inflatable00:33:53
underwater world divisions take place along00:33:58
characteristic energy of processes according to00:34:01
there are different roles of different effects00:34:03
such a beautiful image, such a cube of theories00:34:07
we kill when you are along the same axis00:34:10
delayed speed00:34:13
reaching the speed of light on another00:34:16
axes for example reverse scale and you00:34:19
go into the microworld and climb into the quanta00:34:22
identifying a different role of gravity and00:34:25
accordingly, if you move along00:34:27
1 sieve you get a special theory00:34:29
relativity if only along 200:34:31
get ordinary quantum mechanics if00:34:33
only along a third you get total00:34:35
theory of relativity you need to be able to00:34:37
means to unite accordingly now00:34:41
well united that we had 1 there00:34:44
2 axis relativistic quantum mechanics00:34:48
but now go in the opposite direction from 0.00:34:55
where you would immediately go as far as possible in three00:34:57
axes we can't this is the place of that one00:35:00
quantum gravity where everyone wants00:35:02
get here and in this sense00:35:05
separation it happens like this and00:35:07
accordingly, around us it is possible00:35:11
come up with effects00:35:12
including either one area or 200:35:15
some in pairs and in astrophysics therefore00:35:19
such a division there is such a division00:35:24
there is no division there is a process00:35:25
sublunar over lunar and words that is a00:35:29
there is no such observation in00:35:30
astrophysics that would contradict00:35:32
some things that we observe in00:35:34
in the world this is at the micro level or at00:35:38
level there is a person, well, I want to answer00:35:41
no, but at the same time I still want to00:35:44
anything else to add here that is in00:35:48
basically search00:35:50
contradictions and their contradictions00:35:52
detection is exactly that00:35:54
the task of science is important further and not00:35:56
figure it out, that is, as if you00:36:00
you meet something that he wants, even this00:36:01
miracle on the bills great you stumbled upon00:36:03
some kind of discrepancy00:36:05
and you have a chance to discover something real00:36:09
new when people write there how often00:36:13
test the effects of general theory00:36:14
relativity they are not really00:36:16
they check so it turns out that they00:36:19
checked how they top 4 relativity00:36:21
of course they want to find00:36:22
deviation from the theory's prediction and then00:36:27
the same thing is connected with many other things and00:36:29
periodically there and here and there that is00:36:32
sometimes in earthly laboratories, sometimes in00:36:34
astronomical observations to people00:36:35
manage to see something that is not00:36:37
fit into the previous ancestor well00:36:40
accordingly there are a lot of us there00:36:41
moves forward sometimes it happens on00:36:44
the junction is not yet large accelerator00:36:46
learned to build00:36:47
then the only source of particles00:36:51
high energy cosmic rays were then00:36:53
there is right here the universe accelerated sent00:36:55
we need these particles and00:36:57
positrons were discovered precisely thanks to00:37:00
analysis of what happens in processes00:37:04
associated with cosmic rays00:37:09
astrophysics began with spectral00:37:11
analysis is the absolute question00:37:14
amateur but this is something I don’t like00:37:16
I managed to google it before the broadcast00:37:17
on the Internet I was interested in the topic00:37:18
several times why we do these things00:37:20
unambiguous conclusions and spectral00:37:22
analysis and if it’s really in that one00:37:24
the planets that we study with their help00:37:27
we are just on some00:37:29
fantastic distances and well at00:37:31
the space between us between the telescope00:37:32
who look at them from this planet, well00:37:35
maybe so many layers of all sorts00:37:37
substances to be found that is deciphered00:37:39
spectral analysis we see them or not00:37:41
what exactly happens on this00:37:42
the planet really has a good one00:37:46
there are a lot of intermediate questions00:37:49
steps and analysis all this led to00:37:53
there are things that are interesting to discover but00:37:56
from this side banal but complex00:37:59
real implementation before you need to study00:38:01
what effects will be associated there not for00:38:04
directly with your equipment with atmosphere00:38:08
there's a thousand or so lands, well, in general00:38:11
known to be easy to get rid of00:38:13
make it clear so it's clear that's it00:38:16
now to ours what went there and when did we go00:38:19
there00:38:21
let me tell you right away how to do it the other way around00:38:23
people learned that space is not empty, that's it00:38:27
have already been able to determine the chemical00:38:28
composition of stars find spectral lines00:38:31
a.v.00:38:33
if google in 900 fourth year hartmann00:38:36
got a great result00:38:38
in the spectrum of the star he saw spectral00:38:41
lines that were slightly shifted00:38:44
the lines are shifted due to the fact that00:38:46
emitting or absorbing objects00:38:48
they all move, that is, the Doppler effect00:38:50
encountered him when passing by00:38:52
Are there any ambulances there?00:38:55
named decreases until the sound changes00:38:57
when the siren is turned on, that's it00:39:00
the lines are shifted and by analyzing this you can00:39:04
understand where the source of these lines is00:39:08
and accordingly we managed to garp00:39:11
show what the stars will see in the spectrum00:39:13
the line has nothing to do with the star00:39:15
saved the earth by faith, that is, this is some kind of00:39:17
a cloud of gas in the middle we are because of it itself00:39:20
the cloud is not visible in this particular00:39:22
case there are clouds that we see but00:39:25
if we don’t see the blocker, but here in00:39:28
spectrum does not contribute, but since00:39:29
everything moves then you can discover00:39:33
this offset is quite effective00:39:35
way there imagine when observed00:39:37
lucky spectrum stars close spectrum00:39:40
command to hatch of the distant eye root it00:39:41
very cool because it is translucent00:39:43
the entire universe damas from its spectrum you00:39:46
you can get a lot of information from00:39:48
I watched the clouds along the way there00:39:52
the queen spectral line a scarf scarf00:39:54
forest, that is, there will be a lot of lines in the spectrum00:39:56
they are associated with a huge number00:39:57
clouds along the way and you can do it all00:40:00
dial explore00:40:03
method using long-term observation00:40:06
for one object this exception is simple00:40:08
we remove some of the rushing between you can00:40:11
consider this to be an instant image00:40:13
everything is slowly changing there00:40:15
Well, if it's not like today's line00:40:16
there was a beam flying there tomorrow scales00:40:20
time is different therefore just00:40:22
detect these shifts, analyze them00:40:25
their possible cause and come to00:40:28
the conclusion is that yes, these are some kind of clouds00:40:30
road and that's why you remove the deposit there00:40:34
but if you need that spectrum and vice versa00:40:36
study these same clouds if it00:40:38
is the subject of much research00:40:41
so all this is not just but before people00:40:46
constantly wondering how it is00:40:47
do and sometimes it turns out that something is wrong00:40:49
what were you trying to clear?00:40:51
Well, for example, the spectrum just contains00:40:54
something more interesting than Spector00:40:57
this source and we must pay attention to this00:40:59
attention, you said that it’s a quasar00:41:00
shines through the entire universe00:41:03
I’m speaking again as a humanitarian now00:41:05
aren't you any object that we00:41:07
watching the entire universe shine through00:41:08
through00:41:09
how is this different from regular sun?00:41:10
we need to find more from the market far away00:41:13
shines through and that's all00:41:16
accordingly, there you take the quasar00:41:18
which is located towards the light from which it came00:41:20
we are 10 billion years old but00:41:22
accordingly you can see there00:41:24
there are a lot of clouds along the way and if you hit00:41:27
some nearby object is just a path00:41:28
done if there is less in this00:41:30
sense he'll keep less00:41:32
information that's all that is a person00:41:33
those returning from far, far away are not interested00:41:36
talk to someone who came from00:41:38
Podolsk maybe, well, I mean flattering00:41:40
your travel impressions00:41:41
we tell you that is all ours00:41:44
knowledge about the universe is essentially based on00:41:46
here on this spectral analysis about that00:41:48
what we were able to see and decipher00:41:50
with the help of information which00:41:51
flies in this visible spectrum to00:41:53
radius 5 then00:41:54
Well, not really, only that is, spectral00:41:58
research is probably one of the most00:42:01
informative00:42:02
but there is but of everything else that is there00:42:04
there are studies finally not at all00:42:08
electromagnetic range 10 cosmic00:42:12
the rays learned in the sixties00:42:16
catch not 3 but here are astronomical00:42:18
objects from the initial ones00:42:20
from the sun in the fifteenth in 2015 already00:42:25
caught gravitational waves this is with a nickname00:42:27
sense this is the last guaranteed00:42:29
what what can be caught00:42:31
but this is not guaranteed00:42:33
naturally we want to catch00:42:35
laboratory experiments particles00:42:38
dark matter dark matter is00:42:41
Naturally it’s also very interesting00:42:43
probably even for fundamental physics00:42:45
more interesting than for astrophysics00:42:48
most likely dark matter opera00:42:53
tell me what it is and secondly why00:42:56
scientists are so sure that she00:42:57
there is something that in astrophysics in general00:42:59
there have been situations when there is some00:43:02
formula which is within the existing00:43:04
theory works but not confirmed00:43:06
observation that's why dark matter00:43:08
this is a story not about this is what the story means00:43:11
the dark one is still involved to warm it up00:43:12
dark substance and at home I can next00:43:15
repeat once why I like 1 I don’t like00:43:17
friend and because in the original it's like00:43:21
would be dark meters per meter per meter00:43:24
Russian substance00:43:26
they, like matter, cannot be adjusted00:43:28
looks like a very funny translation00:43:31
when the word factories is there fabric of space00:43:35
Tayanga water arrived translated as00:43:36
factory yes with direct translation necessary00:43:40
neatly here's an idea00:43:45
dark matter has not appeared for a long time and00:43:48
appeared not from the bottom of my head, but precisely from00:43:52
observations Fritz Zwicky studied movement00:43:55
galaxies and clusters by a thread00:43:57
move too fast what is it00:43:59
it means that around us this is not what it is00:44:02
photons and for her three for the fastest00:44:04
moving object from an air molecule00:44:06
characteristic speed for me00:44:09
300 meters per second why don't they00:44:12
they fly away because they hold the earth as their own00:44:14
gravity, that is, on a small00:44:16
an asteroid cannot inflate its atmosphere and00:44:18
the little prince just sits there and lives00:44:22
You can't stop the molecules from flying apart00:44:24
accordingly if you have it quickly00:44:26
moving galaxy then needs a larger one00:44:30
gravity to hold and zwicky00:44:32
I realized that the galaxy itself, let's say so00:44:34
Apparently galaxies of stars don’t give up00:44:36
enough to keep the accumulation from00:44:39
scattering ambassador and something else must be00:44:41
some other substance that is clearly00:44:43
has a gravitational effect00:44:46
well, it’s not noticeable at 3000:44:50
there were only optical observations well00:44:53
then they forgot about this story00:44:57
The renaissance happened in the 70s when00:45:01
a similar effect was noticed on completely00:45:04
another level at the rotation level00:45:06
separate galaxies and several different hands00:45:09
Robin's faith in the USA is better known there00:45:12
but there was also a pit and 100 in Estonia with00:45:15
colleagues were a couple of other groups in the world they00:45:19
this means that this effect was discovered, that is00:45:21
again it boiled down to the fact that in00:45:23
galaxies have extra mass we see00:45:26
gravitational effect00:45:27
but we don’t see any other manifestations in00:45:30
in astronomy this happens in principle as00:45:33
would often be discovered from Neptune, that is, we00:45:35
we see deviations in00:45:36
not uranium we see what we saw we understood00:45:40
that there is another planet00:45:41
here it was clear that it wasn’t that simple00:45:44
it will be solved somewhere in the 90s probably00:45:48
it became clear that this was the missing one00:45:50
dark tea matter gravitational00:45:52
the effect we see cannot be the substance00:45:54
consisting of protons and neutrons and00:45:57
electrons like everything around us but00:45:59
accordingly it cannot be00:46:00
antimatter is a question that is often asked00:46:03
it can't be at all, that is, it's00:46:05
there must be some substance in the sense00:46:06
the diva can be collected in a heap here00:46:08
the galaxy here is bigger and between00:46:11
galaxies will decrease between clusters00:46:13
there is even less of it, that is, it seems that00:46:17
it must be some kind of particle00:46:19
there are a lot of arguments00:46:21
different which is very well explained00:46:23
this hypothesis alone but this is why00:46:28
remains a hypothesis main competitor00:46:32
requires a change in our understanding00:46:36
gravity and if there 40 years ago when00:46:41
it all started it seemed good00:46:43
idea, but here are 40 years of development in general00:46:46
constantly putting new arguments on the bowl00:46:49
scales of dark matter modified00:46:54
gravity, on the contrary, gives us almost nothing00:46:57
received and since then the balance has been strong00:47:01
was violated and is now the standard hypothesis00:47:05
and are precisely a hypothesis in the dark00:47:07
rather, I would even say that00:47:11
I'm surprised how much there is nonetheless00:47:14
works are written using modified00:47:17
gravity is exactly the one that00:47:19
explains00:47:20
these effects are on a galaxy level00:47:23
languor because it would seem the device00:47:27
it seems I'm very conservative about this00:47:30
I mean man, that's academic freedom00:47:32
gives people the opportunity to do it00:47:34
asking questions that are not00:47:36
popular it's normal in what00:47:40
degrees in astrophysics today in general and00:47:43
the physical picture of the world needs00:47:45
some revolutionary reimagining00:47:47
How potential is this really?00:47:48
may happen00:47:49
considering just that, well, not specifically00:47:52
option with dark matter but considering00:47:56
there are all these things that seem like00:47:57
described by formulas but it seems not00:47:59
let there not be a type of the same00:48:01
there are white holes and so on, well again00:48:07
I have already become that I am my conservative00:48:10
bet of course that no global00:48:13
there will be no revolutions in this sense and but00:48:16
probably this reflects what I feel like00:48:20
to some extent this would be very00:48:22
I wanted00:48:24
that is, there will certainly be some00:48:27
big discoveries don't have too much00:48:29
we know the year ninety just recently in00:48:36
overall a good illustration00:48:38
the accelerated expansion of the universe was00:48:40
definitely considered all options00:48:42
and even standard today00:48:47
no explanation don't know how standard00:48:49
the answer is that it may be in accordance00:48:52
called dick he was stein was sad00:48:55
when offered, that is, right in00:48:57
specific year how are you where if you00:48:59
they will ask what important happened in 191700:49:01
year is amazing to answer and what00:49:03
Einstein suggested the tape member based on00:49:07
false motivation, everything is interesting00:49:09
that is, such things certainly can00:49:12
and a lot of things will happen00:49:15
unclear00:49:17
what needs to be found out but the truth is suddenly00:49:20
it turns out that there is no dark matter but I'm in00:49:22
I don't believe it but it could be so00:49:26
of course it will suddenly turn out to be amazing00:49:27
black holes are not structured at all like00:49:30
we thought suddenly it turns out that they are not stars00:49:33
arise before galaxies like us now00:49:35
we think but so far we don’t see it directly00:49:36
there somehow on the contrary they are immediately big00:49:39
conglomerates appear suddenly but probably00:49:43
from the fact that the attack itself is real00:49:46
the truth may suddenly happen around us00:49:50
there are many quite big ones like that00:49:53
usually called primordial black holes00:49:56
we say that they are mostly primary00:49:58
blacks are small there we hope to find00:50:00
Hawking radiation from it how to00:50:02
has suddenly become popular in recent years00:50:04
the idea that there could be large primary00:50:06
black holes00:50:07
this will certainly be very cool00:50:11
interesting but completely global I would00:50:16
especially I didn’t didn’t expect it, so much the more pleasant00:50:19
if this happens but if we00:50:24
Now we're talking about black holes00:50:25
our understanding at least when you00:50:27
you observe not like scientists, but like an outsider00:50:30
observer it feels like something like us00:50:32
introducing black holes today is00:50:34
not at all just how we present them00:50:35
literally another 30 m 40 years ago but purely00:50:38
according to the description that appears in00:50:41
what popular scientific publications00:50:44
There's definitely a black expert here00:50:47
holes are better than dozens of us astrophysicists00:50:49
practically we observe and what00:50:50
happens outside these objects and so00:50:54
for us a black hole is what we see00:50:58
outside and inside the sword that we call00:51:00
clearly the questions are related to black physics00:51:05
holes is a completely different thing in astrophysics00:51:08
generally having no information on this00:51:10
I said mostly only00:51:11
the theoretical one was demolished00:51:14
Canada again00:51:16
Correct me, I’m judging here solely by00:51:18
popular publication yes, but also herself00:51:20
fumes00:51:21
hawking evaporation00:51:23
changed our understanding of how black00:51:26
the hole is basically a functionary that is00:51:27
no longer but I haven’t fallen asleep yet years ago00:51:30
happened since then definitely people00:51:34
tried different theoretical ones00:51:38
methods to build certain models00:51:42
the problem seems to be that with one00:51:45
side we have in society00:51:46
relativity is a wonderful theory00:51:48
well tested everywhere it was needed00:51:51
check continuously checked further00:51:54
but it seems obvious that for00:51:58
descriptions of what is happening00:52:00
black hole horizon we will need00:52:03
something else we don't know how00:52:07
rule in science this does not mean that00:52:09
a completely white sheet of paper, we don’t know what’s there00:52:11
happens and black leaves still like it00:52:14
this means there are many different ideas00:52:16
there is string theory and loop theory00:52:19
quantum gravity knife no more00:52:21
walk accordingly there created if00:52:27
you Taliban described blacks differently00:52:29
holes00:52:30
because I would use the link theories00:52:33
strings and what if you loop someone00:52:35
quantum gravity and they arranged it there00:52:37
in principle, they evaporate differently00:52:39
is actually when we see this00:52:42
can happen any day we have enough00:52:45
technical capabilities are lacking00:52:47
luck, well, it’s important to understand here, that is00:52:49
how do we say this we're in this00:52:52
year you can become00:52:53
european football00:52:56
everything and the opportunity is missing as best you can00:52:58
here you can't miss it00:53:03
accordingly when you see00:53:05
evaporating black hole we can00:53:08
say00:53:09
it evaporates there according to the loop00:53:11
Haven't thought about quantum gravity at all?00:53:13
differently see the black hole you have00:53:15
I mean I saw a flash associated with00:53:17
the last moments of evaporation00:53:20
it is in the final process that we can00:53:22
this is distinguishable from the explosion of a star throughout00:53:26
visibility until after all that’s what’s important00:53:28
vapors black holes are actually00:53:30
the process is not very manly because00:53:34
hole evaporates from their last00:53:36
there's not much to throw away anymore00:53:37
such a last breath, sir, you're not00:53:40
so big and crucian carp the problem is00:53:44
that we can see it on the carrier00:53:46
short distances but since she00:53:49
evaporates and before that then this is the most00:53:54
advanced method of searching for such events00:53:57
is that the gamma-ray observatory00:54:00
who have been working for years00:54:03
and for 10 years they should see exactly like this00:54:06
the source moves and changes changes00:54:08
its spectrum00:54:10
its luminosity changes, it becomes00:54:13
more and in this sense I think we00:54:16
we can distinguish00:54:18
there 50 years ago it was significant00:54:20
there will be a more difficult task for this00:54:22
needs to be identified and discovered00:54:25
a star at the end of her existence well yeah00:54:27
on only there can see I didn’t know but00:54:30
Considering that for the first time we captured00:54:32
generally black00:54:33
5 years before but this is a completely different black d00:54:36
6 black holes were unusually different00:54:38
there are three main such known types00:54:41
this supermassive black hole00:54:43
the picture of what we saw is the most00:54:46
famous black door this one00:54:48
stars turn into black holes stellar00:54:50
us and all of them will evaporate there God knows00:54:53
When00:54:54
crazy break can now evaporate00:54:58
primordial black holes which00:55:00
formed in the early universe they are in00:55:02
in principle could be quite large00:55:04
and very small and black holes and what00:55:07
the smaller the faster they evaporate00:55:09
accordingly, here is a black hole00:55:11
formed from stars00:55:13
are still alive they haven’t evaporated anywhere00:55:15
these little ones could reach this00:55:17
stage therefore00:55:19
research on supermassive black holes and00:55:22
searches for evaporating black holes are two00:55:25
different things and their development can go00:55:28
very much not parallel to the picture00:55:32
embedded in the millimeter wave radio range00:55:35
range00:55:36
We are looking for evaporation in the gamma range00:55:39
so this is completely different progress00:55:42
astronomical areas are closely00:55:44
physical knowledge to physical00:55:46
the location of the black hole is not00:55:48
helps us get more from these establishments00:55:50
small them according to such generally accepted00:55:52
there just should be a lot of models and00:55:54
so we don't know where to look00:55:56
this could happen anywhere people00:55:59
do reviews of everything was not in the range00:56:01
on their own range they are usually like this00:56:03
and they work, these are normal forms00:56:05
activities and are looking for something unusual00:56:09
flaring sources are ideal00:56:10
the source that is flying is flaring up00:56:12
at the end gives this powerful flash and disappears00:56:16
Why do we even know about this?00:56:19
is happening just beyond the horizon00:56:21
events at all nothing wise nothing to me00:56:24
nothing at all, that is, again00:56:28
the procedure is that00:56:30
conventionally in astrophysics we see there00:56:32
just like matter flows into a black hole and00:56:35
maybe we know what happens next00:56:38
matter falls into a black hole and that's it00:56:40
Next you need to take it and count it00:56:43
we can poets model by this model by00:56:45
this model is not clear which one has00:56:47
attitude towards reality as if00:56:52
to formulate this rigidly the riff we are talking about00:56:58
about the fact that we are at such00:57:02
good advanced stage of scientific development00:57:06
when is the new theory of gravity00:57:09
must include general theory00:57:11
relativity as a special case00:57:13
so relatively speaking, when there00:57:16
something got right under the horizon00:57:18
for some time we can count according to the general00:57:21
theory of relativity and we are right00:57:23
we are sure that everything will be so00:57:25
happen here but the closer to00:57:28
singularity of themes00:57:30
notice there will be no further deviations00:57:33
question what details are you interested in but00:57:35
After all, I'm interested in the main detail00:57:37
how to build a singularity there too00:57:40
definitely at 4 they stop working with00:57:43
I'm interested in two things, that goes without saying00:57:45
and you realize that there is no answer on it 2 is00:57:48
really just crossing the horizon00:57:50
events actually the object which I00:57:52
stops it won't notice, well, first of all00:57:55
the operator won’t notice in the sense that00:57:58
just imagine you with closed00:58:01
voluntary closed eyes here are mine00:58:03
I don’t know whether the children are on a bicycle or you are being carried00:58:06
releases the border in north korea you00:58:08
you won't notice it00:58:09
here can happen to you back you don't00:58:13
you'll get there but you'll cross the border00:58:17
it doesn't lead to anything, let alone00:58:18
there it immediately begins to sound in your ears00:58:20
the anthem you someday and Juche appear here00:58:23
accordingly, when in this sense you are in00:58:26
closed capsule crossing the horizon00:58:30
a black hole is nothing special00:58:31
happens because here's before and after00:58:34
but the conditions there differ slightly00:58:36
modern devices will allow you00:58:38
show that this is the surface of the table00:58:40
is closer to the center of the earth than it will be00:58:42
here it is so they and one more00:58:47
vulgar question on existing00:58:50
model, is it possible to run the object in00:58:52
orbit black holes and beyond00:58:54
limit to strike inside regulation00:58:58
there is nothing here, black inside and stay00:59:01
there are tricky models inside, that is, there will be00:59:08
so as not to fall into a black hole00:59:10
singularly somewhere there somewhere the price is like this00:59:12
There are models, but I’m not an expert00:59:15
I won’t tell you exactly what it doesn’t require00:59:17
if I remember correctly they require that00:59:20
black expensive charged was even00:59:23
such a funny theory almost00:59:25
I didn't ask from ask00:59:28
author of the model00:59:30
did he listen to the band manga manga but00:59:34
it was true that it was developed into an idea00:59:37
that supercivilizations are very00:59:39
advanced they can hide in black00:59:41
holes and exist there because on00:59:44
tesla so further came up with some00:59:46
has positive consequences00:59:49
life in a black hole but formally before00:59:51
formally you can think of it you can get it00:59:55
solution within the framework of general theory00:59:57
relativity by the way to say where00:59:59
particle falling inside a black hole01:00:01
will fall into the singularity and will be there01:00:03
always spinning inside is interesting01:00:07
one such question is purely humanitarian01:00:11
correct and I understand that the question is01:00:13
what happened before the big bang is approximately01:00:16
the same question what is behind01:00:17
outside01:00:18
observable universe if it's two01:00:22
There are not so many different questions in general01:00:24
than the world in flash on the desk01:00:27
I mean, we don't know the answer to the questions but01:00:30
in fact they are still a little01:00:32
different look at the chat started with01:00:37
horizon and there is a very simple thing we01:00:39
We are sure that we live in a very big01:00:41
he just doesn’t see most of the universe01:00:42
so to say so, here's ours01:00:45
let's see why we just don't see01:00:47
super light final age of the universe01:00:49
of course that is, this is me I have01:00:53
outdated could given but because I01:00:56
I read and what I studied they told me01:00:58
that this is the observable universe01:01:00
thanks actually because she to01:01:04
Of course we know the age of the universe01:01:06
not so anymore it's so we we know01:01:08
age of the universe but of course01:01:09
the region we observe but the universe01:01:14
It's big, it's definitely bigger01:01:18
there is and what tells us about it01:01:24
good question, what should we say about this but01:01:28
1 you want to say that we don’t see any01:01:30
such edge effects01:01:32
probably black like women don’t look01:01:43
you can go differently for a few years even01:01:49
less than 50 ago01:01:51
we're not looking at it at all, here's what01:01:56
models of what the universe can really do01:01:58
be small on cosmological scales01:02:01
that is, the sense that relatively speaking there01:02:03
visible part size 5 billion01:02:05
light years and age 15 and that means01:02:10
that for some objects you would see01:02:14
several images of them because the light01:02:17
from them I would have managed to get through like this01:02:19
and people were looking for the latest article on this01:02:23
topic I think in the 90s people came out01:02:25
were looking for01:02:26
or here's the ghost ghost phase of cancer01:02:32
someone, that is, one could look for01:02:34
pairs of quasars how many similar01:02:36
characteristics of variability01:02:37
We were looking for such details in the relict map01:02:40
radiation the farthest radiation01:02:42
which have reached us cosmologically01:02:46
background radiation also found nothing01:02:48
accordingly, like this01:02:49
experimental point of view01:02:51
the observer's point of view was a01:02:53
abandoned model for a small universe01:02:55
that's it, but then she will start or as if in01:03:00
sizes and age appropriate or01:03:02
more and today is tough01:03:09
restrictions say that the universe is like01:03:11
at least a couple times more than01:03:13
the area we are observing that is connected01:03:17
with a complex of cosmological observations01:03:20
but standard models which is based01:03:25
on some paths to the actual hypothesis01:03:28
cosmic inflation suggests that01:03:30
our universe must be much01:03:31
more ideas about cosmic inflation in that01:03:34
that at the very beginning there is a zero,01:03:40
32 0 units 1 second was short01:03:45
episode when the universe expanded greatly01:03:48
quickly and this short episode brought01:03:54
to inflate the universe further she sat down01:03:56
for this for example for that solution01:03:59
which we see now01:04:00
long for that mode it’s better to say01:04:03
the decision confuses people we probably we don't01:04:05
in the matrix we live in that expansion mode01:04:08
this is how I like it in the solution01:04:13
and then the universe in which I live on01:04:15
it is much larger compared to that01:04:19
ball that we see and immeasurably01:04:21
more01:04:22
but the heels of standard models are like01:04:26
if not everyone there has all these models with01:04:28
multi-universe which is natural01:04:32
Thus, in theories of inflation there arise and01:04:34
so these are two different questions what01:04:37
it was before the big bang where it all started01:04:38
began01:04:39
but in the standard model it started01:04:41
stages of inflation, that is, the visible edge and01:04:45
in the visible universe this is the substance01:04:50
which has already taken shape in01:04:51
this is just what we saw, that is01:04:54
really imagine there are huge but for01:04:57
simplicity of the endless universe and01:04:59
imagine that there is a planet there they are01:05:02
the series is being filmed everywhere and is broadcast in01:05:04
all sides from as a signal for us just01:05:07
didn't get it from some got the first seasons01:05:10
those that we see closer, everything but from01:05:12
some he just didn’t get to01:05:15
then a reasonable question arises01:05:18
someday they will be seen all over01:05:21
there is no visibility because the universe01:05:22
expands accelerated that is distant01:05:24
objects are moving away from us faster than light and01:05:27
so the signals would still be from us01:05:30
by the expansion of the universe they are stretched towards01:05:32
we don’t get it either, I understand it’s correct01:05:35
I understand that in this case the question is01:05:40
this is us thanks to the expansion that01:05:45
which exists and which we observe01:05:46
we roughly understand where he was01:05:50
I wanted centers not center d prim no I01:05:53
that is, there are no centers and this is fundamental01:05:58
moment he confuses everyone a little01:06:01
because the expansion of the universe is laborious01:06:03
very sorry this is wrong this is not the day01:06:05
this is wrong and the center is not this is the most01:06:10
this calculated a reasonable answer and in this01:06:14
case, here's all this light that we01:06:16
Today we see it just happened01:06:19
close enough to us01:06:21
so that he can reach us for them in01:06:23
in this sense to no one yes yes that is we01:06:25
let's appoint justified then01:06:27
the existence of this cluster01:06:28
apparently that's what apparently a siren is and in01:06:31
this is the universe on a large scale01:06:33
looks very uniform and just right01:06:36
in particular to resolve this issue01:06:38
you needed an inflation hypothesis, that is,01:06:42
we look around we see a lot of things01:06:45
inhomogeneities but if all this01:06:47
inflate inflate inflate then further around01:06:50
you will see yourself insanely bloated01:06:52
a small piece of composition there and01:06:54
so everything will look very smooth01:06:56
and that's what I understand01:06:58
but accordingly on large scales01:07:03
something again step 100 million rubles01:07:06
light years hundreds of light years none01:07:11
there are no new structures and the universe is very01:07:14
homogeneous on large scales and this01:07:16
everything simplifies therefore it is possible for01:07:18
cosmologies are very simple to write down01:07:20
level no where is all this ignored01:07:23
interesting structure in which we and01:07:25
we live part I understand that we are now01:07:28
we go past strongly into the sphere01:07:30
which is studied and in which we know01:07:32
a little but relatively speaking if visible01:07:34
the universe yes as you put it01:07:36
part became which expanded what01:07:39
is this primary subject from01:07:41
which is our region of the universe01:07:42
a visible area has formed01:07:46
short answer we don't know but01:07:49
no inflationary model at the beginning01:07:52
there was no substance, there was that physical field01:07:55
which was responsible for inflation and then this01:07:59
the physical field disintegrated and01:08:02
in the process of decay actually gave birth to01:08:05
after all, an ordinary substance and01:08:09
and in this sense I really like it01:08:11
terminology where the big bang is not01:08:13
the very beginning and the big bang is01:08:15
filling already lost greatly01:08:18
expanded universe hot dense01:08:20
substance and it happens at the end01:08:24
stages of inflation, that is, inflation has begun01:08:26
the universe is empty01:08:27
filled only with this field and then01:08:31
the field disintegrates and matter is born and01:08:34
this is where it all starts01:08:36
in the song they read that there is a distance between01:08:41
these visible ones01:08:42
visible oh my god between these01:08:45
clusters of visible areas, let's say01:08:48
I if the name of the universe is correct01:08:50
visible to different people to say how01:08:52
observer but they are with each other01:08:54
are located at distances where01:08:56
exceeding01:08:57
I want to say that this is not real01:09:00
the forest looks something like this and I don't01:09:02
I know quite a rare start of forest and fog01:09:05
there are various lost tourists01:09:08
they see different parts of the forest around them01:09:10
for some it intersects, that is01:09:12
if we imagine what's in each01:09:14
the galaxy has01:09:16
habitable intelligent planet they observe01:09:18
look around they just see01:09:20
slightly different areas around you then01:09:23
there we see from ours too who is01:09:25
there to the left they have their own area they can01:09:29
intersect if it is not01:09:30
too far, that is, in this sense everything01:09:34
these balls are 50 billion in size01:09:37
light years they are all the same inside01:09:41
we see our ball completely in action01:09:43
time as size using this01:09:45
speed 200 theoretical physicist and01:09:49
a very remarkable system of units where01:09:51
there the speed of light is equal to unity01:09:53
gravitational constant constant01:09:55
the bar is equal to one throughout the shoulder01:09:57
here inside our area we see that01:10:01
somewhere the galaxy is larger somewhere smaller01:10:03
clusters of galaxies but this is already on01:10:05
everything happens at such a small level01:10:07
shallow from the point of view of cosmology and01:10:11
we're happy, we're not good at describing it01:10:13
By the way, this is what we get01:10:17
good to describe in a model with dark01:10:19
substance, in principle, it is also possible01:10:22
viewed as very strong01:10:23
argument in favor of this model because01:10:25
that she wasn't invented for that, but she01:10:28
Is the fruit beautiful and01:10:30
in science it most often turns out that01:10:33
if you came up with something for someone else but01:10:35
it works great here and here and here01:10:37
that means that's how she really is, but01:10:42
I'm just clarifying for you01:10:45
I understood the age correctly01:10:46
of the universe they are only their visible01:10:49
we accurately determine the cluster due to01:10:52
that world which is not quite behind us01:10:56
we still have a lot of light01:10:58
there are many sources of information01:11:03
most of the well all come down to01:11:05
observation of electromagnetic waves but01:11:08
this doesn't mean that it's just mine there01:11:10
measured the distance to the farthest01:11:11
objects in different directions received one01:11:14
and that's how I feel too01:11:17
therefore it was essential that01:11:20
in general, cosmological information is for01:11:24
in the last thirty years01:11:28
fantastically varied and if there01:11:32
60 years ago it was possible to do all sorts of things01:11:35
alternative cosmological models01:11:36
build and seem to be actively engaged01:11:38
that's how it's become for the last 30 years01:11:41
illegitimate occupation because01:11:44
a huge complex of data has appeared and01:11:46
even if for some reason here is one01:11:49
everything else will be wrong01:11:53
the building will hold01:11:55
good closer simpler01:11:57
an example is an accelerated expansion01:11:59
strong game it was opened it was opened by01:12:02
observations of one type of flare objects01:12:05
supernovae why very special01:12:07
supernovas then go white breakdowns01:12:09
dwarfs here is the first big reaction01:12:14
some people probably had something wrong01:12:16
with these supernovas and poorly we know them01:12:19
here and there billions of years ago they01:12:21
maybe my girlfriends have some kind of flash01:12:23
cosmic such evolution and therefore01:12:27
You can’t believe this, but here it is by the author01:12:30
open in a sense lucky others01:12:32
groups using different methods very quickly01:12:34
for a couple of years we were able to get the same one01:12:36
the result is independent and therefore01:12:39
he's there literally boredom low years have passed01:12:42
du english with debt garden and completely01:12:46
official recognition01:12:47
the result is with cosmology as a whole01:12:51
a similar situation is just more extended01:12:54
went and therefore the age of the universe he is with01:12:59
On the one hand, of course, it is determined by this01:13:03
people don't like diving fit01:13:05
listen to 60 and search for the perfect01:13:10
set of parameters within a given01:13:12
cosmological model01:13:13
here but it fits well and is simple01:13:17
there in search of the oldest stars01:13:19
yes, in the distance to the most distant01:13:22
objects but just more accurate01:13:26
the modern method is a little01:13:28
another approach so very comprehensive01:13:30
a large number of china heterogeneous01:13:32
data on relict galaxies01:13:34
radiation from anything else you01:13:36
processing as if to bring together01:13:39
together and see that it's good01:13:41
described by one model and well then this01:13:45
increases your confidence in everyone01:13:46
coefficient used in this01:13:48
the models are very interesting, what could I do01:13:54
understand about the age and size of the universe I01:13:57
I understand, let's move on to the aliens01:13:59
let me in when I was eighteen01:14:02
years read absolutely amazing01:14:03
book RUB dedicated to the company's products01:14:05
what if the universe is full01:14:08
aliens where are you all01:14:10
and this is a book for me actually01:14:11
I was convinced that, apparently, life01:14:13
quite unique because that's all01:14:16
all the arguments given are somehow01:14:18
doesn't sound very believable01:14:22
Today it is clear that in scientific01:14:24
Narta community speaks loudly but there is01:14:27
in general which is the most dominant01:14:28
theory why we still have no one01:14:30
found from everyone and all that abundance01:14:33
which were offered, I think that no01:14:36
there is probably this due to the fact that everything01:14:38
there are still a lot of possibilities01:14:41
there is still some kind of consensus01:14:43
reached when the amount of possibility01:14:45
very little01:14:47
he's there now, we know the drake equation01:14:50
this is about half the coefficient01:14:52
a little so it’s hard to say what’s important01:15:00
there now in general throughout01:15:03
all this time we could01:15:04
detect highly developed technical01:15:06
civilization01:15:07
so if we say that there are no such people01:15:13
this doesn't really mean that01:15:15
there is no life at all, maybe there is life there01:15:18
becomes intelligent or civilizations01:15:20
becomes technical and sheet with01:15:22
technical ones don't last long01:15:23
but this is just the answer to joy and01:15:25
branded here are the main options for this01:15:28
and they really converge but but throughout01:15:31
apparently some of this works I01:15:33
I don’t think there’s an explanation to be made01:15:36
Pasha doesn't live long maybe he's working01:15:41
several factors together but the view is often01:15:44
that's what happens, that is life01:15:47
reasonably not very common01:15:52
the phenomenon of technical civilization there01:15:55
is also not a necessary consequence01:15:58
well, maybe they’re not there how to say01:16:02
It’s not that they don’t live long on the borders01:16:03
expansion is severely limited by one or another01:16:06
resource after all in all fiction01:16:12
the idea is there to discover new01:16:14
physical principles which01:16:16
amazingly allow us to01:16:18
laser beam to go somewhere01:16:20
there to collect from local matter but01:16:23
here we are not even talking so much about laser01:16:24
better how much to observe01:16:27
at least not to make direct contact but01:16:30
observe some phenomena that01:16:32
the source of which is civilization01:16:34
they're nature, oh well, that's it01:16:37
despite all the searches for cosmic wonders01:16:40
who are there first 60 Sergey what01:16:44
start the conversation actively were and are being carried out until01:16:47
nothing has been discovered yet so01:16:52
a paradox in this sense is that we01:16:54
it would seem more natural if01:16:57
indeed there is always someone there for us01:17:00
flew because there are stars on01:17:03
billions of years older than the sun01:17:05
accordingly there must be civilizations01:17:07
billions of years older than ours01:17:09
but you know how this is somehow possible01:17:16
trust in another flat it seems01:17:18
more media that we actually are for sure01:17:19
the same about what we don’t see01:17:21
travelers from the future but also01:17:24
options 3 impossible cars in a child01:17:26
most naturally there is no future and01:17:29
the third bathhouse is there, we don’t notice them but01:17:32
if there are 4 more what time is it01:17:36
that everything happens at the same time and not01:17:38
only now there is a billion01:17:40
in fact, the lower Mazda is for me01:17:42
inclusion in our impossibility for a while01:17:44
you can't get there to dial fucked and 5501:17:47
you can’t return yours, it’s flashing at the same time01:17:48
well, let it be different, but they had to be01:17:52
anyway, these guests are from the future, even if they are from01:17:54
there01:17:56
maybe not from this earth, but it’s already starting01:17:59
interstellar travel01:18:01
how do they care 100 I'm not crazy01:18:04
developed to fly there for a billion years01:18:06
billion light years or per billion01:18:08
years ago but01:18:12
[music]01:18:13
so people pay less attention01:18:16
why not travelers from the future01:18:17
it would seem even more relevant to God with01:18:20
him with another civilization with our future01:18:22
it’s just that the future is not visible, but the other one seems01:18:24
other galaxies are visible this and01:18:25
automatically you wonder how01:18:27
no one appeared there01:18:28
well, that's it, that's it, we don't know01:18:31
the next 10 years if we are optimistic01:18:37
we can make a lot of progress on the issue01:18:40
the appearance of life in general on different01:18:43
planets, that is, for the first time we will have01:18:45
opportunity for the same01:18:47
spectral analysis01:18:50
determine atmospheric parameters01:18:52
potentially habitable planets, so what if01:18:56
it turns out that out of the first ten01:19:01
researched01:19:02
in one and there will be a lot of oxygen in01:19:04
the atmosphere is of course very strong01:19:06
argument in favor of the fact that life is like01:19:10
such01:19:11
pain there 6 a lot of type on should be01:19:14
a fairly common phenomenon01:19:17
and I'll be surprised if it's not like that01:19:22
further high rather steam there is no paradox01:19:24
there is an even more interesting life, but here it is01:19:27
they are now a tool for01:19:29
so that purely theoretically at least01:19:32
discover a dyson sphere there and joy01:19:36
but it's just like a cold01:19:37
these on you will find mida yes yes but01:19:39
look here one of but more the most01:19:42
effective detection method01:19:44
exoplanet is now called01:19:46
transit mockup method and the planet itself01:19:49
let's look at the star that's where I am01:19:52
looking at01:19:53
some kind of spotlight I measure the shine with01:19:58
very high accuracy accordingly01:20:00
if an ant crawls across the face, then I01:20:03
I note that the shine has fallen, that is, by01:20:07
the flux of radiation has dropped and, accordingly, well01:20:10
then by carrying out high-precision measurements01:20:13
there an ant is a cockroach and is easy to distinguish01:20:15
there are fewer ants moving slowly and01:20:17
This is how we usually open and accordingly01:20:23
thousands of coins is very internet and01:20:26
the difference between this ant and its satellite.01:20:29
well if we go back to the real ones01:20:31
planets, then this thing just needs01:20:32
repeat naturally repeatability01:20:35
extremely important that is, if we saw01:20:36
there’s one flight there, it’s not clear what’s needed01:20:39
rough gray call one flight unclear01:20:41
than yes yes yes it is clear I mean well01:20:43
how do we distinguish a dyson sphere from01:20:47
confused accordingly further here01:20:50
what do you see you see like the shine of a star01:20:53
changes yes if this planet is normal01:20:58
such a round ball01:20:59
then it will be of such a well-known shape01:21:02
symmetrical to the edge of the face01:21:04
and if you see something very strange01:21:06
then some very strange one flies01:21:08
a complex of something, and then you01:21:12
start thinking about it01:21:13
if you can come up with a natural one01:21:15
explanation then okay you are there01:21:20
opened some bin for example in one01:21:23
systems of the planet apparently from01:21:25
giant ring system deputy rings01:21:28
Saturn is 100 times larger and that's it01:21:32
it was discovered there are all sorts of unusual things01:21:35
phenomena and there is such a tabby star01:21:37
when it was opened it was important that they were tamed01:21:40
none there01:21:42
not crazy conservatives in general01:21:45
there are people who have discovered very strange ones01:21:46
transit details of one star they are straight01:21:49
they immediately wrote only me too, probably01:21:51
Dyson spheres that's what we thought01:21:55
presented an anecdote so at least01:22:00
at least there was one event when people just01:22:02
stated that perhaps the sphere does not believe01:22:04
Dyson01:22:06
apparently a Dyson atmosphere but01:22:08
it is important that it will be something like this01:22:10
the transit curve has a very unusual shape01:22:13
and thus the Dyson spheres we would01:22:16
saw01:22:17
Well, again, what do you mean we saw?01:22:21
well researched are well let01:22:25
there are 200 thousand stars in the galaxy by act01:22:27
200 billion01:22:29
that is, in this sense we cannot01:22:33
say that our galaxy is unstable01:22:35
so we can say that it is not01:22:38
somehow widespread01:22:41
phenomenon01:22:43
Well, in this sense it’s kind of quantitative01:22:46
and mitigating the Fermi paradox01:22:48
but it still remains qualitatively01:22:52
very interesting if when I was01:22:59
again many years ago already at dawn01:23:02
also the Internet and such a project appeared01:23:03
network but it existed before that but here it is01:23:05
it became possible to download01:23:06
application on your computer and here you go01:23:08
thus helped and search01:23:10
aliens I even downloaded and kept it01:23:12
the application is all on the computer that year01:23:13
approximately01:23:14
then it seems to me that this is nonsense, I stopped01:23:16
do this but today analyzing there01:23:20
this project seems like everything is already01:23:22
listening simply to the universe listening means01:23:24
these radio frequencies, well, we are nothing anymore01:23:26
heard myself could hear but that's all01:23:28
this could have already been analyzed01:23:29
this is really such an atavism01:23:32
past and to search for more fillers01:23:35
not relevant or valid01:23:37
but maybe some useful information01:23:38
but look, it really could have flown by01:23:42
he went through such an evolution when all this01:23:45
started in the late 50s early 60s then this01:23:50
really seemed x let's01:23:52
let's try and have never tried with us01:23:53
the sword will appear and die01:23:55
maybe we’ll bathe and find opportunities01:23:56
we tried it right away and we found it01:23:59
accordingly, quite quickly for the larger01:24:02
some people arose so healthy01:24:04
skepticism jyj truth and season need to01:24:09
wait for something and do something01:24:11
more meaningful things on the other01:24:15
sides slowly just developed01:24:18
technology of astronomical observations and it01:24:21
it really gets better and better01:24:22
there is huge progress so my01:24:25
the opinion is that there is no need to look01:24:28
specially need to do normal01:24:32
astronomical research and if there01:24:35
there is something unusual we still do it01:24:37
we’ll find it, and then we’ll move on somehow01:24:41
understand analyze here in general01:24:43
I think I need attention to satire01:24:45
something that I also didn’t understand right away, but01:24:46
a long time ago what if aliens network wrote01:24:50
from some signals specifically there or01:24:52
accidentally then these signals are already out of us01:24:55
surrounded is not something we need01:24:58
wait and catch manna from heaven there01:25:00
because they either exist or they don’t and01:25:01
they either exist or they don't all the time01:25:04
in general yes because here you need to compare01:25:06
by distance we are talking about ours01:25:09
the galaxy is 100 thousand light years away01:25:10
and in terms of age and TT 10 billion therefore01:25:14
much more than the other01:25:16
and for example the answer is that the whole galaxy01:25:19
filled with civilizations but they are an example there01:25:21
at our level of development therefore their01:25:23
radio waves have not yet reached us like ours01:25:25
did not reach them, this is a bad explanation01:25:27
because there are as many as five01:25:30
orders of magnitude different scales so01:25:33
really the signal should be here in01:25:36
full height01:25:38
if we are talking about our galaxy then01:25:41
the radio signal shouldn't be super there01:25:43
powerful that you registered it and01:25:46
really searching in the radio range he01:25:48
so self-justifying01:25:51
Well, I repeat, I think that if01:25:54
something like this will be discovered then this01:25:57
there will be no special projects01:25:59
normal operation and which has01:26:03
main other goal and generally speaking01:26:05
if you read the creation programs there01:26:09
large radio telescope project there01:26:12
some 16mm point is a must01:26:15
it's worth searching for technology signals when you01:26:20
there is no promising direction01:26:22
releases minding our own business and01:26:24
at the same time we hope that from point 16 it is possible01:26:26
additionally01:26:27
Well, of course, here’s how to say it01:26:29
there is space freedom and just a head01:26:32
and time periodically people think about01:26:34
they're trying to come up with something01:26:37
this is more interesting but I'm up for now01:26:42
in my opinion there is nothing so special about it01:26:44
came up with that is, in general, in the 60s and 70s and01:26:48
people did a good job of going through the whole main01:26:49
a package of ideas probably if we knew01:26:54
who can we send a signal to?01:26:56
do much better now there more01:26:59
effective and then it is no longer01:27:00
radio range most likely optics01:27:02
but for such a blind search, what does it have to do with01:27:06
there may be no worthwhile signals01:27:08
to meaningless ambassadors and simply from01:27:11
the extra noise is really already radio01:27:14
there is nothing so in general everyone is like that01:27:15
standard operating procedures are the main thing01:27:17
people remember this, but the stories about that01:27:19
what does it mean for Americans to hide01:27:22
information that aliens are on01:27:23
in fact they have already arrived on earth in this01:27:25
It's impossible to believe, in my opinion01:27:27
impossible because look here01:27:31
prove they didn't even pass prove that01:27:33
the mask is basically a car01:27:36
laboratory equipment would be sufficient01:27:38
so as not to look out the window to say01:27:40
how many cars are there in Moscow with accuracy01:27:42
analyzing the piece there in order01:27:45
air here there understanding the content01:27:47
the whole well and knows that the main thing is him01:27:50
manufacturer of this car we would01:27:52
estimated the number of cars in Moscow01:27:54
that is, you don’t have to look there directly01:27:56
The man looks like he's still in the pool because01:28:00
they must fly on something01:28:02
must live somewhere and if you don’t01:28:04
do you think that means it’s just a planet not01:28:08
I know farmers and then they make it01:28:10
and the bridges of the nose wherever they want and very much01:28:13
It's definitely much easier to find everything there01:28:17
the rest because well, I don’t know01:28:21
missile defense system they01:28:23
they catch a rocket that is not flying there, oh my god01:28:25
God forbid, they seem to be a fact01:28:27
at the start I’ll catch what’s best in this01:28:30
I mean, of course it’s easier to find there01:28:34
mothership than the title01:28:36
some small boat ascending01:28:39
to the ground so basically it's you in this01:28:43
is it possible how possible?01:28:47
mathematics01:28:48
but really describes how01:28:51
using mathematical means it is possible01:28:52
describe01:28:53
the world around us surrounding us what if01:28:56
will come from a purely theoretical point of view01:28:59
we know today the theory of everything01:29:01
maybe the model is a little bit different01:29:06
question for now01:29:08
turns out fantastically well for me01:29:12
look and if our understanding is correct01:29:18
that the basic processes are01:29:21
should really be pretty01:29:24
simple because they are basic01:29:26
then probably yes the theory of everything01:29:29
maybe but but this is something separate01:29:33
hypothesis maybe there no simple01:29:37
first principle so it may be that throughout01:29:41
peaceful appearances were designed because01:29:45
what is it like if you design01:29:47
As you know, you can’t come up with such a thing01:29:49
a circulatory system like a giraffe's01:29:52
but when there is already a question of mathematics01:29:54
what is she that part of yes but matty01:29:56
mathematics is a language of description in my01:29:59
look from described fantastically01:30:02
effective and, well, there are probably some01:30:08
the limits for any writing are simply01:30:11
the other side of the pier is difficult and then01:30:13
enjoyed01:30:14
there is actually more question to be asked01:30:16
recognition of course something mathematics01:30:17
as for mathematicians of course01:30:18
fantastically effective in those industries01:30:21
where do we use it but how much does it01:30:25
Now I’ll be out of my zone01:30:27
competence to go out to what extent she01:30:28
is full to describe us01:30:30
surrounding the whole well and I think but again01:30:35
and here it’s just a completely private opinion that01:30:38
any system of descriptions is in some way01:30:43
I mean, of course, that is, well, for example, people01:30:48
they omit it, we can’t describe it with mathematics01:30:50
it means I don’t know what will come from this01:30:52
will write about this in your language01:30:54
descriptions are also limited limited and01:30:57
according to your nickname's capabilities01:31:02
descriptively well, I don’t know in my own way01:31:05
the meaning of the description because we would generally01:31:08
I wanted to describe01:31:12
like there are two different approaches01:31:13
basically just put it on to describe it01:31:17
there is a myth that describes everything perfectly, but it01:31:20
does not have any predictive value01:31:22
by force01:31:23
what can be done within the framework of science in01:31:28
including using mathematics01:31:30
it's great because it has01:31:32
predictive power01:31:33
that is, you can calculate the project there01:31:36
I don't know the bridge but01:31:39
continental Tallinn to Sicily and01:31:42
it will be expensive to build it but still01:31:45
less and he will not fall, you will follow01:31:47
calculated everything correctly and01:31:51
predictive power in this sense01:31:52
a very important thing, this is not only01:31:55
description but be that as it may any01:31:57
mathematical description system01:31:59
verbal, that's probably it, of course01:32:03
how much we can do it is another matter01:32:06
develop while it seems that there is both01:32:10
another in their areas of competence01:32:12
we can develop we are short of words01:32:13
language we begin to invent them there01:32:17
it's clear that if you take a dictionary01:32:19
I don’t know how he’s even very big01:32:21
dictionary from two hundred years ago, oh well01:32:24
you cannot create Heideger's theory01:32:28
he needed new words and without01:32:31
this gingerbread, but here I was rather asking01:32:33
about conceptual limitations because01:32:35
that mathematics is in this form according to the example01:32:36
as far as I understand it's quite possible01:32:38
misunderstanding is correct by you then now01:32:39
explain and it describes the phenomenon in01:32:42
closed systems01:32:44
as far as we can01:32:48
we know today about the structure of things01:32:50
It allows us to01:32:52
allows us to conclude that01:32:53
the universe is a closed system if not01:32:57
what how and what implications it has01:32:59
for our attempts and and write I don't don't01:33:04
I think we can say that mathematics01:33:06
describe only a closed system01:33:09
just an example I'm sorry01:33:11
example with a bridge is just that01:33:12
story about a closed system but good01:33:14
mathematics in red also a hundred years ago01:33:18
I was tormented by working with endless01:33:20
sets of their level, that is, just01:33:22
Well, for example, the development of set theory01:33:25
I think it’s a very striking example when01:33:28
people created something that was there shortly before01:33:31
this is what a philosopher is but not necessarily01:33:33
between commit philosophers01:33:35
it definitely doesn't matter, but it doesn't matter01:33:37
less so with spectral analysis01:33:40
that is, as if there was a job where a person01:33:44
we'll never know01:33:45
chemical composition of stars until we fly01:33:47
no spectral analysis appeared in the house01:33:49
Well, well, in the sense of comparing sets01:33:54
Probably you could also write in01:33:56
panas logical work this is impossible in01:34:01
that people came up with, coped with it, that is01:34:02
this language is developing is another matter01:34:05
how adequate is this? is this necessary or01:34:09
no, that is, there, for example, not far01:34:13
always convey adequately and in words01:34:15
music have you heard the first symphony01:34:18
I heard Scriabin, tell me01:34:21
that is, you can create a political image01:34:24
then it will be about something completely different and but01:34:27
it doesn’t matter that there is some object that we01:34:29
we describe and in principle it’s not even possible01:34:31
you know say yes here it is good for me01:34:33
described who wrote play and then01:34:35
I listened and realized that he was right01:34:38
the other one was completely wrong and01:34:42
with all the ways of description probably01:34:45
this can happen, it's just important01:34:49
set goals correctly, why01:34:52
they are needed01:34:54
math is very good when you need it01:34:56
quantitative answers01:34:58
when you need it this is a very good way01:35:06
creating theories that, relatively speaking,01:35:11
logically related to each other01:35:13
production some unified system than I01:35:16
just a strictly controlled difference from01:35:18
language systems I will explain why this is01:35:20
the question arises, it is not entirely idle01:35:22
just if we come at some point01:35:25
to the conclusion that it is really mathematics01:35:26
everything describes the chances that we live01:35:28
in the simulation they increase sharply good01:35:33
question I honestly don't think that01:35:39
someday it will be possible to come to this01:35:42
any conclusion because in the future01:35:45
which we can somehow imagine01:35:46
predict imagine and01:35:48
I don't think I can predict what will happen01:35:52
Definitely praise the cascade for such a moment01:35:54
finally we understand everything01:35:57
this is the answer, most likely not01:36:00
will happen or if this happens this01:36:04
no matter how quickly he learns, but I think01:36:06
that this won't happen so I01:36:09
seems to some extent a question01:36:14
idle no not in that sense I need it01:36:17
wonder01:36:18
that there is no need to ask this question01:36:21
count on hope good good01:36:24
question answers are not so well known and01:36:28
ready-made topics we need, we can think about this01:36:30
but don't count too much on01:36:33
receiving01:36:35
Yesterday the vault was painted and a question from the audience01:36:39
we answer yes yes thank you very much to everyone who01:36:42
donate I now have the opportunity to ask01:36:45
questions for the guest so thanks for the awesome01:36:50
guest was just about to send a donation with01:36:51
proposal to invite Sergei now01:36:53
I’ll send it just tell Sergei that01:36:55
he has very cool photos on his website01:36:57
good broadcast, listen, I'll get to this point01:36:58
I shared the same thought when preparing for the broadcast01:37:00
examined01:37:01
I wasn’t amazed by your lectures over the years01:37:05
just transforming the image from everyone01:37:07
year by year I even have maize01:37:11
the employees did not believe that it was one and01:37:13
the same person somehow urgently not funny01:37:15
very much about you home page01:37:19
I was so lonely and very lonely01:37:21
cozy, thanks Mikhail for inviting Sergei01:37:25
thank you Sergey for coming and with01:37:26
We look forward to seeing you in Tver01:37:28
Russia's lectures be free from apparently to01:37:30
the windows probably don't look like01:37:34
space from inside a black hole01:37:36
expanding for internal01:37:38
observer01:37:39
if he has a way to distinguish01:37:40
the gravitational horizon around it from01:37:42
horizon visible strong shirt that yes we01:37:46
Why is there such an opportunity and in this01:37:50
I mean, it’s like we’re normal inside01:37:53
black holes don't live01:37:56
again, well, there are some subtleties in01:38:01
description, but still, if we take this01:38:03
black friend from on we know black holes is01:38:06
the object is precisely the center of the singularity in01:38:09
in this sense, everything is clear to us01:38:12
the universe looks completely different on01:38:14
homogeneous isotropic black hole in this01:38:17
sense, not isotropic and there is a clear01:38:20
the direction towards the singularity is here01:38:22
singularity01:38:24
and in this sense, here on the camera on01:38:27
ordinary, familiar to everyone since kindergarten and01:38:29
black holes are not like our universe01:38:31
isotropic - what does it mean and is it costly?01:38:33
otherwise all directions are identical01:38:35
are equivalent and in the universe this is so with01:38:38
with great precision people are there all the time01:38:40
check periodically someone there something01:38:42
find01:38:43
there is a known axis of evil but in the end everything01:38:49
yet there is an explanation for this01:38:52
trivial important list to look for something01:38:54
you find that you have to deal with it but01:38:56
while the universe is homogeneous and it is costly that01:38:59
fits perfectly into the inflationary01:39:02
model Sergey Borisovich thank you for01:39:05
I'm following with interest what you're doing01:39:06
your performances with great01:39:08
I enjoyed attending your lectures01:39:09
second semester didn't expect you here01:39:11
see the good sense of what you're thinking about01:39:13
the company's product solution is that01:39:15
humanity is one of the first civilizations01:39:16
and others simply did not have time to arise for me01:39:20
this seems extremely unlikely01:39:22
because I will repeat to the sun along with01:39:26
earth four and a half billion years old01:39:28
and the universe is 13 and a half more01:39:32
so there is01:39:34
planetary systems near a star like the sun near01:39:37
which flora was 8 billion years old01:39:40
for example, we have certainly developed faster01:39:46
accordingly it would be very good01:39:48
it's an unnatural explanation to say that01:39:50
we are the first because someone has to be the first01:39:52
there must be someone but all over01:39:54
Apparently they're not mine after all, so01:39:58
for a there is too big01:40:01
Sergey good evening and if gravity01:40:03
has an interaction speed equal to01:40:05
the speed of light, how can it even happen?01:40:06
there is such a structure as milky01:40:08
a path with a diameter of 100,000 light years01:40:11
these but I'm pretty simple that is01:40:18
age structure large size and01:40:22
small, that is, really small01:40:25
imagine the universe was born, it lives01:40:30
and its horizon is slowly growing01:40:33
horizon but not slowly with speed01:40:35
light grows accordingly at the beginning01:40:38
you can easily have areas completely01:40:40
unbound but now they find themselves under01:40:42
horizon means they could already01:40:44
feel01:40:45
in gravity of other areas, that is01:40:49
areas below the horizon in this sense01:40:51
becomes causally related and age01:40:56
universe rounding 10 10 years size01:40:59
milky way01:41:00
10 in 5 light years, respectively, is01:41:04
very big difference and we have a personal path01:41:07
a long time ago a long time ago01:41:10
is gravitational bound01:41:12
object therefore everything seems to be so01:41:14
happens, and then everything happens inside01:41:16
some evolutionary things are happening01:41:18
changes are relatively slow, that is01:41:21
Of course, well, you’ll help yourself there if you don’t01:41:23
such a representative without knowing one01:41:25
the end of the milky way exploded01:41:28
supernova beginning01:41:29
accelerate matter around you01:41:31
a big bubble formed, well somehow01:41:33
affects the gravitational potential of it01:41:36
given to the other end of the galaxy about this01:41:38
they will find out in a hundred thousand years this little01:41:40
additive and on the other hand if you01:41:43
consider the process but not familiar01:41:45
collision of our galaxy with01:41:47
Andromeda nebula that distance01:41:50
there are a couple million between the galaxies01:41:52
light years now01:41:54
and the collision process takes01:41:55
billions of years so everything is natural01:41:58
everything is well known, coming back01:42:03
a little back and to how the answer to01:42:05
the latter to the expansion of the universe01:42:06
Do I understand correctly that in some01:42:08
moment we will lose contact with neighbors01:42:11
galaxies the same number of stars01:42:13
billions of years later she will be in the sky01:42:16
much smaller if not counted at all well01:42:19
like yes and no the question is01:42:22
quantitative in the size of the neighborhood then01:42:24
is if the universe continues01:42:26
expand at an accelerated rate01:42:29
let's say from all the galaxies that we see01:42:31
on the ultra deep hubble field these are all01:42:34
galaxies from us street and there once in01:42:37
some distant future we will no longer have them01:42:40
we will see but local structures01:42:43
that is, our clusters of galaxies and01:42:45
superclusters of galaxies themselves01:42:47
these structures are gravitationally bound and01:42:52
if dark energy is similar or like n401:42:56
Navsky lambda member or on well or in general01:42:59
it will disintegrate over time then all these01:43:01
the structures will be connected01:43:03
there are models where dark energy works01:43:07
it's really bad there is a big theory01:43:11
gap01:43:12
this is where they will be torn apart in the future01:43:15
connected and structures but01:43:17
observations are very strictly limited01:43:20
such models apparently don’t work01:43:23
so ours is the voice of the visible stars and01:43:29
they are generally relatively close stars in01:43:31
our galaxy our galaxies nowhere01:43:33
does not go away in standard models but01:43:35
our cluster of galaxies will also survive01:43:38
that yes in 100 billion years he doesn’t know01:43:42
we will see fewer objects but01:43:45
this concerns the weakling of distant objects and01:43:47
I never once had the look I had as a child01:43:49
telescope and I was actually amazed01:43:52
but for most it is known01:43:55
information, of course, that's what we are01:43:56
we call stars what we see on01:43:58
the sky is not really a star and01:43:59
galaxies01:44:00
you point the telescope at her and she01:44:03
crumbles into several01:44:05
points, well, that is, there just can’t01:44:11
galaxies with recently consumed of course it01:44:13
I admit more than she is beautiful01:44:16
looking at the milky way is nice01:44:18
telescope in a dark place, well, here I am at the dacha01:44:20
I wanted it and it’s not that good, but I have01:44:22
there was such a reflecting telescope and it was in01:44:24
he was interested then I destroyed him because01:44:25
no one looked at the sun01:44:27
explained but it was not his prose that was filtered by graphite01:44:30
black he straightened out into what not01:44:31
saw heated up and reports open01:44:33
the plane caught fire as soon as its head01:44:35
pulled back don't try don't try01:44:39
repeat no, but this is such childhood01:44:41
since the 90s there was therefore the latest topic01:44:44
that I wanted to discuss today01:44:45
this is the law of educational activities01:44:47
I will ask in this form already exists01:44:49
to protect you scientists from charlatans01:44:51
why did you collect signatures against01:44:54
against him kitchens are for this purpose it exists and01:44:58
naturally when a project is submitted01:45:00
There is a federal law01:45:02
cover letter and how do I01:45:05
the word was not about protecting01:45:07
scientists there were talking about01:45:09
protect unfortunate schoolchildren from soros01:45:11
and if they are harmful people so the law01:45:16
it was clear, of course, why it was being created and in01:45:21
In this sense, it certainly fits well01:45:24
chain of such limiting01:45:27
repressive laws01:45:28
which were accepted so well I didn't01:45:33
I know I need nothing at all01:45:37
understand in order to really fall for it01:45:41
subsequent explanation that this is possible01:45:43
in order to remove plane trees especially01:45:47
that for the most part everything is like this01:45:50
It's a charlatan public after all01:45:52
present naturally in01:45:56
there is no entertainment content but here01:45:58
You can remember the example of Petrik who01:46:00
recovered very well from splinters and01:46:02
generally engaged in educational01:46:05
activities but again this01:46:07
completely natural side effect01:46:09
I have no petrik at all poll Minsk01:46:11
Peter's activities, that is, significantly01:46:13
of course it was01:46:14
receiving government orders for these crazy01:46:18
filters like this again in this sense01:46:24
but from such people it’s certainly not01:46:26
protects because the main01:46:28
activities are not aimed at01:46:30
educational segment but after that01:46:33
there were many other explanations01:46:36
that which is also bad, that is the answer to people01:46:38
eyes start back the gap we start01:46:40
we thought so and now here we are01:46:42
behavioral reasons arise here01:46:47
it is clear that people are starting artificially01:46:50
come up with something like this version again01:46:54
for the public who clearly knows someone01:46:57
convinced that there is a huge amount01:46:58
crazy coaches who come01:47:01
talk about nonsense for money and01:47:03
in fact it's all bad and wrong01:47:05
it's bad wrong but it's perfect01:47:07
has nothing to do with the actual01:47:09
educational activities and in general01:47:12
speaking in my opinion in principle01:47:15
it's wrong to try like this01:47:19
legislative level01:47:21
are concerned and people seem to care01:47:23
unreasonable and here we are01:47:25
everything is fine in the State Duma01:47:26
we understand now we will create laws so as not01:47:29
God forbid I do something wrong though01:47:31
generally speaking you are adults there01:47:33
suffrage something else something else01:47:35
then but you mean we’ll put you on the inside01:47:37
conscious infantilization of social01:47:39
the father of the people is the helmsman, yes that is01:47:43
looks exactly like this because at the end01:47:46
after all, people have within reasonable limits01:47:48
there must be room for error in this too01:47:52
sense as the truth we guarantee to push01:47:55
you actually support the constitution01:47:59
because01:48:00
further, well, you never know what, maybe we01:48:03
we come to a dystopia where I don’t know you01:48:05
you can't choose your partner because01:48:07
what does it mean and it doesn’t suit you and it’s not there01:48:11
you can choose a specialty, find out01:48:12
want to do I don’t know what poetry01:48:15
write but in fact these are not yours01:48:18
go chop wood01:48:19
It seems to me that this is much more important01:48:22
also this is that the state has a very01:48:24
bad track record for what she01:48:26
science declares it's real the01:48:27
closing feeling brings us back to01:48:31
cybernetics corrupt girls of capitalism01:48:34
and that is, the state is, in principle, very01:48:36
does not perform identification tasks well01:48:38
what science is and what it is not01:48:40
now she is armed with such a very01:48:42
a powerful tool to suppress any01:48:44
voices that disagree with the line01:48:46
this has nothing to do with science01:48:48
relationship therefore saved . what everyone has01:48:51
such a bad story and ideas are just right01:48:54
should be that no one should01:48:56
have a monopoly right to advertise and01:49:00
science itself exists there within the framework of01:49:06
constantly developed over centuries01:49:07
improving mechanisms01:49:10
self-organization then constantly01:49:13
there is some kind of revaluation going on01:49:14
values where actually there for you01:49:20
haven’t read it on the Internet but the main drive01:49:22
it's still an overthrow of something01:49:26
another thing is that in order to do something01:49:30
it needs to be subverted very well01:49:31
study01:49:32
but nevertheless science moves forward01:49:35
after all, the achievements there are endless01:49:37
and clarifications in the seventh and eighth signs01:49:39
after the decimal point was also done here01:49:45
someone tell me any shape there01:49:49
religions any state any I don't01:49:52
I know there are agglomerations of private individuals if01:49:54
they are fighting monopolists in that01:49:57
concerns the statement01:49:59
about what what is what is not01:50:01
is what is good literature01:50:03
what is bad literature01:50:05
it never works in that sense either01:50:08
people just exist to do it themselves01:50:10
food maybe there stuffing some01:50:14
bumps move forward, why is that so01:50:18
little resistance from scientific01:50:19
community was that is yes you did01:50:21
petition and how this question can be addressed to you01:50:23
not fair enough but I'm in01:50:24
I'm basically in a position that I01:50:25
I suggest people for the center in which they01:50:27
wrote about it so you know there after01:50:36
what kind of match can we have a national team there?01:50:38
Luxembourg was mentioned but not necessarily01:50:40
Luxembourg is it possible to have a Russian couple there without01:50:42
friend and what does it mean that you are01:50:45
the same light last time we lost there01:50:47
80 and this time 61 you write something01:50:50
progress is the fact that there01:50:54
Presidium of the Academy of Sciences unanimously01:50:56
made a decision that all this01:51:00
nonsense stop immediately and level01:51:02
there's a vice president there almost every day01:51:04
discussed at the presidential level on the topic01:51:07
a little less, but also very hard on01:51:10
in fact, it’s against the backdrop of everything there01:51:12
it happened in an amazing way01:51:15
very strong reaction is another thing01:51:18
she's usually not that good at all01:51:21
publicly visible in the community but01:51:24
compared to everything else reaction times01:51:25
was very strong and can be discussed01:51:27
why do people have different theories?01:51:29
why was there a reaction this time?01:51:32
ok if I'm lying I'm not in order to01:51:35
tool to influence01:51:37
politics today the rest scientifically report01:51:39
It seems to me no, that is, to influence at all01:51:42
politics from the outside is very difficult and01:51:47
Russia labor in Russia red beautiful01:51:51
this is part of my there is typically an answer01:51:53
Journalists are already realizing this today01:51:55
but come and tell me to know01:51:57
time you generally sometimes they are there01:52:00
when it was good to change01:52:03
sometimes it starts for a long time already ten times01:52:05
polite, I’ll say that you don’t want it, here they are01:52:08
spots begin to appear a year, which means01:52:10
there are your American colleagues blah blah01:52:12
so guys, you will become the 4th power like01:52:15
journalist then come and then there will be01:52:17
there's no point in talking to you from the window, we'll come there01:52:20
on air about something val thomas01:52:21
radio station means you will receive salaries01:52:24
I'll lose noon in my time all01:52:26
with this we will go our separate ways at some point01:52:29
such a shock of air to some extent01:52:31
degrees01:52:32
that is, to influence the authorities greatly01:52:34
It’s difficult in principle, of course01:52:37
it's not important anyway01:52:39
and offer it as a scientific community01:52:41
I lost this influence because in the 90s01:52:43
and there was a feeling01:52:45
and on the wave of sugar crashes on the wave in01:52:47
perestroika that in general some kind of01:52:49
subjectivity has just appeared scientifically01:52:50
and then then it's fearless well order about01:52:55
in reality it is still such an influence01:52:56
it wasn’t big anyway, well, that is, yes01:52:58
that was subjectivity01:53:00
accordingly no the subject is01:53:04
really a problem01:53:06
to some extent, that is, there even01:53:08
surveys actually show that this is the case01:53:10
There are no famous scientists nationwide01:53:12
is there someone jumping out like that?01:53:14
this is not really a rule01:53:16
scientists when multiplying Sergei Kapitsa01:53:20
generally not quite a scientist01:53:24
this is a separate question: who is the scientist?01:53:26
is it correct to call someone like that01:53:28
Whom I call incorrectly, rice's last name01:53:31
my head is spinning 1 after all, a scientist but I01:53:35
now googled while prey voter01:53:38
arrived public at least ten01:53:40
years ago, that is, on the one hand, not01:53:43
there are enough really very influential01:53:45
personalities on the other hand here with01:53:49
it didn’t work out institutionally either,01:53:51
but Vitaly Ginzburg he was pretty01:53:55
subject01:53:56
you could hear him enough here01:53:58
throughout the amazing way everything01:54:00
regardless of the fact that the Nobel01:54:02
laureate here again if you take Tula polls there01:54:06
rarely, rarely, by the way, regarding questions, are you there?01:54:08
Alferov jumped even higher all the time01:54:11
but it still didn't look like01:54:16
from the point of view of science and what is interesting and01:54:20
somehow I can't resist in some sense01:54:23
this is to understand the humanities to reproach01:54:26
then it would be possible both sides and time itself01:54:28
Please note that for example01:54:31
Russian poll01:54:34
about significant intellectuals, and in01:54:38
a very narrow public not interested in culture01:54:40
it's not like walking the streets or01:54:42
there, like a cartoon about me, you will be in spirit01:54:43
maestros are now nevertheless Russian01:54:48
polls never got there hundreds01:54:50
nicknames scientists natural01:54:52
and if we take a survey of English-speaking Tulu01:54:55
there's fucking Dawkins and Martin Rees Neil01:54:58
deGrasse Tyson is the fault of the Litvin society01:55:00
science community01:55:02
but I think the general problem is because01:55:06
it was not in vain that old age gave an example, that is01:55:08
conditionally there in Russian it is01:55:11
community society humanitarian before01:55:13
not at all interested in what01:55:15
happens here I should the opposite too01:55:17
that's right, that is, the typical thing you catch there is not01:55:21
definitely just a person on the street yes01:55:22
you're talking about a boy on the street, it seemed there01:55:24
Doctor of Science and everything or books he has01:55:27
there is one at home, forgive me to name one there01:55:30
modern poet and he is Russian01:55:34
the villas over there hang and everything in it is full01:55:37
I feel like something but I don’t know at least01:55:39
after that why foremen in general01:55:41
there was nothing but it’s the same for us with everything01:55:43
the rest and01:55:47
this is some kind of problem that I'm facing01:55:50
I don’t even know how to make a simple recipe, but this01:55:54
in many ways the birth trauma of the Soviet01:55:56
time because people were simply afraid01:55:58
go beyond your specialization01:56:02
why politics began maybe01:56:05
maybe the disease may not have been seen01:56:06
special meaning, that is, it’s all the same01:56:08
very expensive, at least to touch it01:56:11
I don’t have any nervous energy other than time, but01:56:13
this is even an example, even an example01:56:15
sugar into which came out for examples for01:56:17
the limits of science yes it is indicative that01:56:20
he immediately started having problems, well, well01:56:22
the truth is very great and has come beyond01:56:25
length there were people who went out less01:56:29
and it was just smaller, but still, yeah01:56:32
there is how to become everyone is to blame, that is to say, no01:56:35
You can't lay the blame on someone and01:56:37
sites on natural sciences and humanities01:56:40
society, that is, everyone needs to do01:56:42
some additional work so that they01:56:47
everyone became more noticeable to each other because01:56:49
which of course is a very comfortable thing he said01:56:54
God saves bad society society doesn't01:56:56
I wondered, that's why I'm going to sit here01:56:58
communities need to work as a community01:57:00
percentage of course the task is unnatural01:57:02
kaffa humanities and if we talk there01:57:05
about standing still, the question is again what to count01:57:07
science is coming there about the humanities01:57:09
we already have enough science and economist01:57:11
quickly became politicians in Russia and01:57:14
express including the law01:57:15
enlightenment01:57:16
and well, in principle, they were active01:57:18
civil position opposition to what01:57:21
Of course we'll say so, of course, well01:57:25
Well, I don’t know, from the foresters it’s also quite01:57:27
often01:57:28
when even now they find themselves01:57:33
notable figures, but except for some01:57:35
there really is crossover here01:57:37
some more attention from the Internet society01:57:41
allows everything on the side to somehow find out01:57:44
is there something there that you are in for01:57:47
pulled the right thread01:57:49
it's easy to find out what happens next01:57:52
is there to find out that this person is she01:57:56
reads what else he does01:57:59
and wallet people can do and why01:58:04
they make a separate one01:58:07
the last one I'll say this is the last one01:58:10
I actually have another topic01:58:12
arose now I remind you that it is possible01:58:14
send questions donations with questions I01:58:16
I'll read them out01:58:17
if there is a question for me I have a question which01:58:20
I'd rather answer on one of my own01:58:22
solo streams so please01:58:23
let's ask the guest questions better01:58:27
the last topic I wanted today01:58:29
let's discuss discuss in pandan on what we01:58:31
discussed about politicization by politics no01:58:35
one pro humanities I wanted maybe01:58:37
maybe a little truth can be justified01:58:39
be a little protective that yes here is the list01:58:41
there are 100 scientists there and these are all comments01:58:44
we have the humanities in fact01:58:46
this is not the case when we talk about the list01:58:48
there are these 100 scientists we let the family01:58:51
the spirit of journalists as a popularizer of someone01:58:53
then of course it will be there for more than a year01:58:55
and so01:58:56
relations in this context to01:58:57
popularization was my guest01:58:59
Viktor Vekshtein who actually01:59:01
brutes I largely agree that01:59:02
very, very well-reasoned let's put it this way01:59:06
humiliates popularizers of you as a person01:59:08
which is located right on the border01:59:10
annoying side scientists from another country01:59:11
popularizer, how do you feel about01:59:13
popularizer of science that is, I am01:59:18
well that's another matter what really01:59:22
people should be very correct01:59:24
positioned and correctly01:59:26
be perceived because of course there is01:59:30
huge temptation01:59:34
us to become an expert on all issues and01:59:38
you have to try your best to avoid this01:59:41
it's very difficult actually01:59:43
there even during this broadcast01:59:45
to be honest there were several questions where01:59:48
at least I somehow made a reservation01:59:50
I’m simplifying the situation a lot and knows in general01:59:52
the covenant of another person because here01:59:54
this is not my area, although it seems to be the same01:59:57
astrophysicist here and here indeed02:00:05
here we are talking about popularization02:00:08
it must inevitably happen02:00:11
very different levels and of course for02:00:17
there is a level of cadet popularization there02:00:19
and there it is generally more important to have contact with02:00:23
children than to be a great expert on02:00:25
some question, well, because after all02:00:28
children don't need simple things02:00:29
tell first of all and there is02:00:31
complex questions know where to direct them02:00:34
next, that is, they want the next one02:00:36
the level of education is great, let it be02:00:37
jump over that's why they are like that02:00:41
popular definitely needed definitely02:00:43
we need popularizers who will02:00:45
very general public02:00:46
I'll just explain exactly how02:00:48
professional day what are we talking about? We02:00:51
got caught in prison starts very quickly02:00:53
accept oneself a form of dogmatism where02:00:55
people instead of teaching well02:00:58
actually something science yes this is a constant doubt02:01:01
constantly searching for the truth, but precisely the search02:01:03
truths while walking for02:01:05
government turns very quickly into02:01:08
relay from what is presented as02:01:11
the truth, that is, this is generally the feeling02:01:13
observed side that is straight02:01:14
there is a contradiction between these02:01:16
balls but it still seems to me that there02:01:20
sometimes Victor is like you too02:01:22
enhances that is, it happens but it happens02:01:27
there not so often and the main thing is that it’s not02:01:30
so significant02:01:31
that is, in principle, here I am just02:01:34
is there a popularizer then he should02:01:38
it's very good to understand that he02:01:39
really tell something02:01:40
then he doesn’t fully understand this is not the case02:01:43
nothing strange yes that is there I I I02:01:46
I can probably start speaking three02:01:48
languages and of course there will be parts as in02:01:50
concert who doesn’t fully know02:01:54
Well, it’s important for communication anyway02:01:56
what is there to refuse speaking meso02:01:59
and in Italian with Italians because02:02:00
that I know the language differently than Russian or02:02:02
English is not available, but here we ask for it in02:02:05
broadcasts are dogmatism, otherwise there02:02:07
where do you insist on the truth at the moment a02:02:10
somewhere if it's correct according to them02:02:12
if positioned correctly and not02:02:14
there is no hunger komachi zma on what02:02:16
maybe our popularizers there are like this02:02:18
conditionally very services some special form02:02:21
journalism asura on the sheet you often like02:02:23
it works you wrote some nonsense02:02:26
but my source knows nothing and02:02:28
It’s not that they’re defending vodka, I’m just02:02:31
taken from the source this is my work and02:02:33
I need to clean it, I found a polarizer02:02:36
quality can act the same way02:02:39
won't give isma, let alone his back02:02:41
the world has to prove something, you know, I02:02:43
I read it here02:02:44
Hawking that this is so and that's why I tell you02:02:47
I’m telling you this, that is, I don’t know myself02:02:49
this is the correct positioning I just02:02:53
I'll explain if people start coming in here02:02:56
there's something wonderful there, a sign of biologization02:02:59
herd in what in particular Vik remember02:03:01
bits for Ryazanov plant02:03:05
Thule is just going beyond limits02:03:08
people's competencies seem to be incorrect02:03:11
way they think that I don’t know what it is02:03:13
and the steens are the last resort they don’t know02:03:15
even in the middle court because they02:03:18
there are not enough proficiency there02:03:19
material that they retell and in02:03:23
in this sense, this is the problem02:03:25
such when a person and himself and02:03:29
perceived by the public02:03:30
the truth is incorrectly perceived as02:03:32
prophet of culture and religion so-so02:03:34
feel and she can give I will clarify02:03:37
a little bit then your thesis is not even a question02:03:40
in the information that02:03:41
extends and in relation to02:03:44
information that is broadcast02:03:46
that is, I have a backstory why I02:03:50
starting to raise the question of Inconel but02:03:52
relatively speaking, here I am on Twitter02:03:53
I once wrote that science teaches02:03:56
to doubt, science teaches you to be confident02:03:59
It seems to me that the problem is precisely02:04:00
this what is where a person has a scientist with chickpeas with02:04:05
normal background with normal and02:04:09
grown ladies it is obvious that there are no truths02:04:12
obviously if science doesn't give it paper02:04:15
these walls are broadcasting and he has nothing02:04:17
go, well, probably yes, probably like that02:04:20
it probably happens and02:04:27
to say something like this about it probably02:04:32
there are some people in front of it does not concern02:04:37
just the science of almost anything02:04:38
concerns02:04:39
they retell someone's opinion02:04:42
who is indisputable for them02:04:45
authority and02:04:49
there at the words we really let's be02:04:53
light02:04:54
theme, but in the div the stew was bad02:04:58
poet because Brodsky didn’t like him02:05:00
I really like Brodsky and what are you02:05:02
you want the whole good planet like Brodsky02:05:04
night Yevtushenko is bad, that is, people02:05:05
they use it when they have it02:05:07
some kind of authority but in this sense02:05:10
just starts rooting for the team02:05:14
popularization, it has become too02:05:17
so too tired very wide field02:05:22
activities where many different02:05:24
people including people with such02:05:26
psychology, they can do the same for people with02:05:30
such psychology to talk about it02:05:33
endless advantages I don't know the02:05:36
beatles before rolling stones or else02:05:37
anything02:05:38
it's just psychological warmth02:05:40
came here, that is, it’s not a problem02:05:43
specific to the popularization of science02:05:46
maybe it's a little easier here02:05:47
because there is, well, it’s like this02:05:50
it seems a little easier to say02:05:53
the concept of authority is simpler in this sense02:05:57
broadcast here as it is here02:05:58
appeal to the authority of science who02:06:00
seems like it should give answers02:06:01
it seems like they are not a river and we are where on02:06:03
I found rest, well, what can I say?02:06:07
after all02:06:09
I remain convinced that there is02:06:11
different levels of popularization are needed02:06:15
perceive people02:06:18
Well, I can easily do most of this02:06:21
it’s better to rank them somehow02:06:23
I'm trying to take a position somewhere there02:06:26
closer to the top of the pyramid I believe that02:06:28
popularizers do not interfere sometimes02:06:30
humiliate and put in place but unconditionally02:06:32
I just want to tell you about it02:06:33
there are different types of retainers and there are02:06:36
fundamental difference between when02:06:39
there is some famous scientist like02:06:42
Varlamov doesn’t know how to lecture02:06:44
periodically wrote a book on very02:06:45
popular and you need to understand the difference between02:06:49
there or whatever it may be02:06:54
a wonderful blogger who leads02:06:57
blog also physicists also talk about02:06:59
some phenomena but they can perfectly02:07:02
perform your tasks like this02:07:07
there will be no problem but if there is one of02:07:11
they will be perceived as completely02:07:13
guru in this matter, it will not be02:07:16
that's right, it will start to bother him02:07:18
he believes it because he certainly02:07:21
people come to popularize us02:07:23
more part because when skating02:07:24
money people come for emotions and02:07:29
a little bit for vanity music02:07:31
for something like that, for stroking and02:07:33
so they are very sensitive02:07:35
could easily believe and when you are there often02:07:39
praised and under every video so cool in02:07:42
society where there is a certain crisis02:07:44
people begin to look for faith in others02:07:46
sources science here you are02:07:49
I'm twisting the situation because some02:07:50
She gives answers very easily02:07:53
paramilitary responses are just under02:07:55
the source of such faith that this is science02:07:57
you know, order will come, I will restore the data02:08:00
To be honest, I think we're the opposite02:08:03
on the other side touching the pendulum02:08:06
now we are in spite of02:08:08
there may be some separate ones in02:08:10
drinking examples02:08:11
rather we suffer from a lack of trust02:08:15
to the science and rational knowledge of the doctor is not02:08:18
may occur precisely because02:08:20
people who subscribe to science02:08:23
cause mistrust, well, I think that this02:08:25
extremely small effect, that is, and02:08:26
we are completely different now02:08:29
aside from your specialty and we02:08:32
if you feel uncomfortable about it, don't say so02:08:33
there were a lot, and there is a very clear example02:08:35
just with what just happened02:08:38
medicine with all its coronavirus02:08:40
stories where the virus obviously exists but02:08:42
history was so politicized02:08:45
what are those tools from in my opinion02:08:48
wrong, that's why I'll say if02:08:50
it's not comfortable to discuss, we won't discuss02:08:52
my opinion is absolutely wrong02:08:53
subscribe and legitimize02:08:56
turning to science and will certainly02:08:58
crushing blow of the same science when02:09:00
it will become clear that it was a mistake, well02:09:07
good question yes, that is, I think that's it02:09:10
the same problem that02:09:13
you probably say this if it turns out to be02:09:15
the virus is of artificial origin02:09:16
coal firstly and secondly lockdown and and02:09:19
I'll tell you straight, controversial controversial politician02:09:22
in my opinion but this is what I want with02:09:23
you cant and encourage it is understandable but about02:09:29
skillful origin to exception can02:09:30
say but I think that just but with02:09:32
on the other hand the problem may rather02:09:33
hide in that sense in the sense that02:09:37
the first one because there are quite a lot of people02:09:42
such famous people declared that we are straight02:09:45
completely impossible because that's why02:09:47
that's why that's why probably02:09:52
this story could become02:09:54
if it turns out that this is after all02:09:56
artificial origin02:10:00
great damage to the image regarding02:10:02
countermeasures, well, first of all, it’s important to understand02:10:05
what is the prescription02:10:12
they obviously carried recommendations very02:10:14
such a heterogeneous character and we see02:10:16
what doesn't work well in Sweden02:10:19
there's a lot of pain there compared to all sorts of02:10:23
other places where they looked down and02:10:26
so I don't think there is any here02:10:32
some kind of problem on average I have02:10:34
feeling02:10:35
certainly infinitely far but I have02:10:37
there is a feeling that on average the following02:10:41
there are reasonable recommendations but02:10:43
really helped reduce02:10:49
there is a problem, there is a question here02:10:53
what to count is important what to count is a problem02:10:56
what to consider is not a problem, let me clarify02:10:58
maybe a little bit just so we don't02:11:00
discussed in detail02:11:02
once again yes coronavirus exists02:11:05
please vaccinate, need to vaccinate02:11:08
this is a wild situation, a wild situation02:11:11
that someone doubts this, I rather02:11:14
I mean besides the recommendation obviously02:11:19
the recommendations were useful02:11:22
were of a political nature and if02:11:24
talk even about the same look down02:11:25
This02:11:26
look down ok you can argue about that02:11:29
they had some positive effect02:11:30
I don’t want to dispute it now, but besides02:11:33
they have a huge amount of costs02:11:35
costs that were not included at all02:11:37
into account which, however, are felt02:11:42
people and the reaction that people don’t give you02:11:45
arises on these costs, it is in some way02:11:47
moment these costs will be transferred to02:11:49
that scientific part of the scientific community02:11:51
who have a lot of reputation for these meadows02:11:53
you would have been attributed long ago and now in02:11:56
this situation turned out to be02:11:57
but doctors tomorrow in this situation may02:11:59
be a physicist the day after tomorrow in this02:12:02
someone else may be in the situation02:12:04
it is important that this politicization which02:12:06
the scientific educational community does not02:12:08
resists discredits the authority of science02:12:11
in general and it's scary, well look02:12:15
childhood we talk about things that02:12:18
concern a very wide range of people02:12:22
here politicization is inevitable because02:12:25
a large circle of people is required02:12:26
concerns something concerning02:12:28
political decisions on this in principle02:12:32
of course you need to understand that in some02:12:36
In this case it’s better to carry it02:12:39
take all the risks associated with02:12:41
politicization than to say I don’t know anything02:12:44
I have a laboratory in my grand and I02:12:45
I study viruses, leave some comments02:12:48
they won’t give my problem a scientific article website02:12:51
everything else will become impossible to say02:12:52
because you need to take responsibility02:12:54
take why can't you say it's simple?02:12:55
this has nothing to do with science02:12:57
I won't comment I will02:12:58
comment there is viral02:12:59
comment on measures to combat it measures02:13:02
in wrestling, well, the question is who is commenting, but02:13:05
either way they end up in02:13:07
the competence of science is all the same02:13:09
that is, there are still epidemiologists there02:13:11
who are epidemiologists anyway?02:13:13
virus lags need to talk02:13:15
develop a set of recommendations with02:13:18
with which they come to politicians and02:13:22
well, and then it begins accordingly02:13:24
who is next to discuss what is possible02:13:26
implement what is impossible, that is, impossible02:13:28
it was probably well if I accept you believe in02:13:31
Moscow couldn't have made a lady like this02:13:32
like in the ear, not even so quickly02:13:36
for a variety of reasons we could02:13:37
do like Barcelona I didn't quit02:13:39
Am I just bad or in Madrid yes I'm stupid02:13:42
Dan spent in Italy and I want to say this02:13:44
but it was disgusting, well again02:13:47
the question it boils down to02:13:51
[music]02:13:53
telling is the task after all02:13:54
politicians normal about politicians I02:13:57
I could tell the meter of scientists' interest02:13:59
scientists should in this sense, but I repeat02:14:03
in this situation, yes they take it upon themselves02:14:05
risks associated with these recommendations on02:14:07
recommendations should not be given equally02:14:09
they should give clear answers there02:14:12
questions as clear answers as possible02:14:17
the scientist at this moment becomes02:14:18
as a politician he gives recommendations that02:14:21
turn into a polis, well that's it02:14:25
it's inevitable it's right on mine02:14:27
look, that is, it’s better than alternet02:14:29
and the true alternative is the tower02:14:31
made of ivory and in this sense it is02:14:34
worse, that is, I'm getting old and who will02:14:38
make a decision someone buzzes later02:14:40
and therefore it is better if in these decisions02:14:44
will be attended by someone who is there in02:14:48
know one degree or another more deeply02:14:49
the problem is how I will explain why not02:14:51
this seems like such a problem why even02:14:53
sas solution and ivory towers for me02:14:55
seems more attractive because02:14:56
that this does not jeopardize science in02:14:59
in general, and this does not jeopardize authority02:15:01
science because the decision is political02:15:04
Well, one way or another it will look down and it will02:15:06
and anything else it is one way or another to science02:15:09
she won't have a relationship02:15:11
take into account all the consequences that02:15:14
political decision entails but I02:15:16
I still think that the interests of society02:15:20
above is interesting the interests of society is02:15:24
Is it a sphere?02:15:25
interests in extreme medicine for example and02:15:29
competencies compare with which competencies02:15:31
new look in my opinion yes you are very02:15:35
Well, that is, I understand that they can be different02:15:38
point of view but in my opinion this is the sphere02:15:41
competences precisely with it and in02:15:47
in this sense, you need to take some02:15:49
decisions may turn out to be wrong but02:15:50
I repeat, this is a cactus for the rights to02:15:52
error yes we can here a mistake is being made for02:15:54
others and not for oneself, this is the situation02:15:58
is important, that is, in my opinion02:16:00
it's important to understand that it doesn't matter02:16:03
some choice is made completely about02:16:07
another02:16:08
thing but for example there will be our science up to02:16:13
Questions are still being discussed: is it possible02:16:17
there to pay salaries to scientists directly02:16:19
proportional to the result and we are in the corpse02:16:21
We can’t evaluate this result now02:16:23
or someone starts to imitate02:16:25
these rules or something else guys?02:16:28
everything is correct and no one criticizes her02:16:29
argues what the real alternative is02:16:31
a real alternative to smear evenly02:16:34
in my opinion, spread it evenly02:16:36
worse, that is, not even high quality02:16:39
working criterion it will be better in02:16:43
In this case, by uniformity I simply02:16:45
I want why I’m saying this, it’s not for me02:16:48
start discussing from from I want to say02:16:50
that the supposed refusal of choice is all the same02:16:53
implies nicknames you choose02:16:54
some option and therefore refusal02:16:57
responsibility disposes of and began02:16:59
powders 14002:17:01
in this sense, refusal to take upon oneself02:17:03
responsibility is fraught with the same02:17:07
any reputational risks02:17:09
because I'm out of touch with society02:17:12
rather put forward the claims of science in02:17:17
in general, that when society turned out to be02:17:20
situation Chris you have been eliminated and therefore on02:17:23
in my opinion it is essential that science02:17:25
in this case the problem is medical and02:17:28
rather, these are medical physiologists not02:17:31
they can get rid of problems02:17:33
to be wrong but in my opinion it is better in02:17:36
in this case, make a mistake but don’t give up02:17:41
I feel very uncomfortable because02:17:45
I’m discussing this with you and it’s probably better02:17:47
I'll just end this topic02:17:50
last last thesis I'll say that it's mine02:17:53
the complaint is not about science02:17:54
my complaint is that as a scientist02:17:57
goes beyond the scope of its competence and02:17:59
begins to engage in politics at the moment02:18:01
when does one start getting involved in politics?02:18:02
just giving advice on what02:18:05
the problem is that politics is02:18:06
also the sphere of competence and task of a politician02:18:10
here I will explain as a person who02:18:11
I'm talking about this topic02:18:13
is to see costs in more than just one02:18:17
sphere02:18:18
in the field of medicine in all at once and that’s it02:18:22
that the medical scientist is not competent02:18:25
did what we didn't do02:18:27
This is exactly what he can do very well02:18:29
understand the risks within the vicinity of the village02:18:31
medicine castle but he doesn't understand those02:18:33
costs that are outside the scope02:18:35
medicine and if we begin to transform02:18:38
doctors into politicians then we begin02:18:40
transform their picture of the world into02:18:41
universal to universal02:18:43
in this sense yes in this sense I02:18:45
I agree, but there are just boundaries here02:18:49
it's becoming more unsteady, it's a little bit02:18:51
looks like this is our piece of conversation about02:18:54
popularizer that is, it is important to perceive02:18:56
a person who he really is02:18:59
in fact02:19:00
and for example some country may be there02:19:04
somehow I won’t point fingers02:19:06
for example, brazil to solve, well, new citizens02:19:10
giving birth Belarus programmers are not visible02:19:14
that there is no well there somehow for me in02:19:16
situation is clouded by something else all02:19:18
balls anara everything is somehow clearer and02:19:20
more clearly, yes, he decided that he02:19:24
understands that not many people will die out02:19:27
people have a relatively short02:19:30
memory, so the survivors are like this02:19:32
candles02:19:34
but the voyage ended successfully, yes02:19:37
where exactly are those who lit a candle on not02:19:39
those who returned will not return02:19:42
next time vote and02:19:44
accordingly, if it succeeds02:19:46
pull out saves the night don't let and smoothly02:19:49
that’s good from a political point of view02:19:52
draws such a conclusion after that he can02:19:54
pull out there scientists who divide02:19:57
This point of view, for example, is the Europeans02:20:01
obviously I think that's it02:20:04
political decision of the European02:20:05
the decision had more to do with02:20:09
keeping the maximum amount there02:20:12
lives and it doesn’t matter that this is life there02:20:13
80-year-old people, that is, that was the idea02:20:16
as if there is a complex of European02:20:19
values02:20:20
brought, as I understand it, to the point of view02:20:25
that yes we have the opportunity to save02:20:28
more life at the expense of economic02:20:31
growth from expectation is obvious in fact02:20:33
obviously because we're talking about lives02:20:36
who will leave because of Chinese02:20:39
coronavirus and don’t consider life02:20:40
who will leave as a result of depression02:20:42
which is here as a result of the worst02:20:46
deteriorated nutrition so on then02:20:48
you gotta do it right, this is very complicated02:20:50
complex of questions but02:20:53
I think it's very good02:20:55
fits into the pan-European one02:21:00
if he can't do it02:21:01
a set of values in this sense it seems02:21:06
it makes more sense to me because we02:21:12
we save lives we give people a chance02:21:14
because02:21:16
and the alternative is to say no to all of us02:21:19
will be directly crossed out, that is, it’s like02:21:20
here's a well-known story many times02:21:23
those who met and to whom we give the device for02:21:25
ventilation of the lungs there to this02:21:27
A 20-year-old guy or something like this02:21:30
An 80-year-old grandmother is already a grandmother02:21:31
There's just a little bit left, we won't even give you the device02:21:33
we will give steam this is a very difficult decision and02:21:38
accordingly, here is the Brazilian version02:21:40
this is just to say everything guys there02:21:42
We don’t treat people over five years old, I’ll come02:21:45
I’m exaggerating, they didn’t accept this, they decided, but02:21:47
in fact, God be with you or is it like the dawn02:21:50
demolished Boris Johnson said a joke phrase02:21:52
not about herd immunity and this02:21:55
it became but I advise you to say goodbye02:21:57
an elderly ant for something like that but02:22:00
I’m quoting very painfully from memory, but02:22:04
death amusing Chinese coronavirus02:22:05
at the same time higher than the age of death from02:22:08
Chinese coronavirus is higher than average02:22:11
mortality actually you're curious cake02:22:13
Well, yes, they have their own products, but that’s why02:22:16
no less02:22:17
and there is a desire for continental Europe02:22:21
was to avoid this choice as much as possible02:22:23
guys we will make it so that the devices02:22:25
and brought out enough for everyone and then02:22:27
We'll see and then we'll decide02:22:28
problems as they come to me02:22:30
I like this approach, that is, at least02:22:33
At least we'll compare lives and then we'll see02:22:35
How did I go? I don’t think I’ve gained weight and02:22:37
Let's press more on this topic02:22:39
a few more questions from the audience I'm for yes yes02:22:41
Sergey why are you not on the forums?02:22:44
scientists don’t call against myths on forums02:22:46
the science-pop party closed in on itself02:22:48
I wouldn't know if I didn't like the exercises02:22:50
like not what let's not like02:22:53
I'm really not very gentle with my thoughts02:22:54
I like the project, I mean I don’t want it02:22:57
criticize me a lot of all sorts of merits02:22:59
this project just has finite time or02:23:02
so I choose here I am I went to02:23:05
Mikhail I am very grateful02:23:07
connection abandoned family approximately ethers02:23:09
somewhere there plus minus fret from 6 maybe02:23:12
be so I need to choose I can’t02:23:15
participate in everything and something more for me02:23:17
I like something less I have here02:23:18
that point of view that I know many02:23:21
they didn’t share me with theirs, they didn’t teach me02:23:25
don't like to fight against something02:23:27
sometimes it's nice, I can't do it02:23:30
turn into a series and in this sense02:23:34
ancestors like the scientist for something02:23:37
that is, I certainly can there02:23:40
ever give a lecture about something02:23:42
in my opinion the truth is close okay in02:23:45
words don't like bad opinion close02:23:46
the approach of fighting against something seems to me02:23:49
it sucks people in and spoils them02:23:51
become professional wrestlers02:23:52
against02:23:53
here's to being a professional fighter against02:23:54
this is just bad it's not so bad02:23:58
must be a professional wrestler02:23:59
you can only be a butt and that's why02:24:02
really called but also02:24:04
to illustrate that I don't have02:24:07
tough contradictions in St. Petersburg02:24:09
highbrow gave a lecture was noticed02:24:12
ours for the evening, thank you very much02:24:14
but the project itself is not close to me, scientists02:24:18
against myths and that's why I spend on something02:24:23
another thing but I'm wonderful02:24:25
history, however, when the tilde disappeared02:24:29
stranger and he didn’t even go to Tverskaya02:24:32
worn at the wrong time not about not02:24:35
no longer store images02:24:37
nearby by T-shirts accounting and against them02:24:40
then a guy of some T-shirt is selected02:24:42
what is there described against well02:24:44
I'm delaying this to the question of what02:24:49
if you are not involved in politics it is not02:24:50
means that politics will not concern you02:24:52
on the contrary, it means you are very passionate about it02:24:54
vulnerable and Sergey good evening if02:24:56
gravity has an interaction speed02:24:58
equal to the speed of light02:24:59
how can something like this even exist?02:25:01
Is it worth it to read it quickly? I'm sorry02:25:03
Do you know the Weinberg quote?02:25:05
about God it won’t fit into the text here02:25:09
please describe it so well quote about02:25:11
Weinberg now I'll try to open it and02:25:13
if it opens quickly my guys won't02:25:16
it's very long I won't read it out02:25:17
you know the ball Amber wants good and up to I02:25:23
I'm sorry the quote is really very02:25:24
I can’t do it for a long time and it’s probably on air02:25:26
read what you think about the great02:25:27
attractor02:25:28
What does it consist of? This anomaly is dark.02:25:31
do you think the substance will launch and02:25:32
james web this year or again02:25:34
will be transferred02:25:36
great attractor in astronomy love02:25:39
come up with beautiful words myself02:25:41
came up with 202:25:42
here is a great attractor of very beautiful people02:25:45
I didn’t come up with such a beautiful word, well it’s02:25:49
no such density fluctuation but but not02:25:52
God knows such a big fluctuation02:25:54
density02:25:56
so there's a little bit of substance flowing there02:25:59
we know her big structures now02:26:01
than a great attractor02:26:02
so in general everything fits well02:26:05
Frankie that against the background of the general02:26:07
homogeneity of the universe is02:26:10
some large formations locally02:26:12
naturally these structures are dominated and02:26:15
dark substance02:26:16
there are galaxies there too, but because02:26:19
ordinary matter is less than dark02:26:21
by navi which of course dominates that02:26:23
including Velika Materok 3 are definitely asking02:26:26
even before the floor tell about the effects before02:26:29
saw in Ukraine you know this is it02:26:32
for this matter I asked if it happens like this02:26:35
there are a lot of questions for which02:26:37
you paid so much money mania for him02:26:38
thank you for the wonderful debate and02:26:41
always quality content02:26:42
libertarian maybe someday02:26:43
I will but one of the best channels on U02:26:46
as they say02:26:47
Alexander Vitalievich donated 400002:26:50
rubles thank you big Alexander02:26:53
I won’t answer about bitcoins directly02:26:55
off topic I'm looking to see if there's anything02:26:57
I didn't leave anything out02:27:00
missed it but overall I really liked it02:27:03
gave Weinberg 1 before mentioned him02:27:06
including books in Russian02:27:09
good in my opinion the latest book02:27:11
valberg and this is actually a set of articles02:27:13
collected on one cover and there is in02:27:17
including a lot about the topics we02:27:18
discussed there about how to choose02:27:20
programs about what a person needs in02:27:23
space Weinberg do you think I need it and well02:27:25
in the sense that it is certainly not needed from the point of view02:27:28
scientific point of view is cheaper and easier to study02:27:32
do without human intervention02:27:34
directly so who cares02:27:37
this topic is the latest book02:27:40
Weinberg being02:27:42
I highly recommend this set of articles02:27:44
look but if we talk about a person02:27:47
in space then and if it can be put on02:27:49
commercial rails from of course he is there02:27:50
needed because this is exactly what will happen02:27:52
the source of the money that02:27:54
will allow02:27:56
explore court space more efficiently02:27:58
than it came today this but with me02:28:01
countries yes this is certainly correct with02:28:03
on the other hand actually it is of course02:28:05
a bit of a difficult question, that is, there02:28:06
what many said before are being added02:28:08
other things including environmentally friendly02:28:13
line, we haven’t worn them yet to fly02:28:16
their thoughts, relatively speaking, in kerosene and02:28:18
and all this is not very useful from one02:28:21
effects from one rocket have less effect02:28:23
than from one gene from one region02:28:25
China yes but02:28:28
here with a commercial stage like this02:28:31
this is such a difficult question and02:28:37
In general, there are problems here because02:28:43
Not everything is so clear to me either, yes02:28:45
certainly astronomy will be better from02:28:47
the fact that there is delivery into space of everything02:28:48
new material will become cheaper with new02:28:51
technology but sometimes wants to watch02:28:53
wider and and all sorts of other things and to me02:28:59
It seems like politics is happening here02:29:01
and here we find ourselves in the position of people02:29:03
who from the position of the 19th century look at02:29:06
they say on the street tomorrow it will all be revealed02:29:08
that means the city will drown in the lake now02:29:12
maybe we look at rockets in the same way02:29:13
we say that the environment will collapse if02:29:16
that after 20 years we have this problem02:29:17
we decide how nothing can happen here before mine02:29:21
and we need to decide so from horses changed to02:29:23
nuke.02:29:24
this was also produced, well if02:29:27
will happen, that is, here it is after all02:29:28
so important if I believe in science02:29:33
[laughter]02:29:37
it was a very interesting conversation, thank you02:29:39
great, Sergey was my guest02:29:41
Popov is the correct surname with a device for02:29:45
I'm always more worried thanks for that02:29:47
watched like and subscribe02:29:49
channel stop ammo from this if you02:29:51
I like what I do so there is more02:29:52
offline events click02:29:54
bell send cryptocurrency you02:29:56
press like it's completely free and up to02:29:58
new meetings02:29:59
but thank you very much it was approx 3Description:
Сегодня в 20:00 ко мне в гости придёт астрофизик Сергей Попов! Поговорим о пределах вселенной, роскосмосе, инопланетянах, великом фильтре и деньгах в науке. Подключайтесь, будет очень интересно! ВОПРОСЫ В ЭФИР https://new.donatepay.ru/@svtv ПРИГЛАСИТЬ СВОЕГО ГОСТЯ НА КАНАЛ: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd-d07vFG5CezsmhsWKgWgGC37svTv0BtJupMWGb8CI8iKQuw/viewform?usp=send_form Михаил Светов https://twitter.com/msvetov Канал в телеграме https://t.me/mrlibertarian https://www.patreon.com/svtv Паблик вконтакте http://vk.com/svtvofficial Инстаграм https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Если вам нравится что я делаю, помогите каналу криптовалютой! BTC 1EahjiPKXyAFRbTC9HYL67TMQjZZgfFw9g LTC LTwfHhGa7bQfXhPY7hn7Y1ajhcGMrpcD2N BCH qzk27dg92j6hfftx7hfa6jyyy60ylsutdg2hgz28na DASH XtqFqLi8VJV7eJ1s98MLbNmSNdZ81vbNVt ETH 0x19330e83c2059Ad5B67b8431dd6ba4BD848dec67 NEO AdvX9JeJepvesyKyte7bSiPf6BrgENwRHD ZCASH t1WuCvNNDsRNWaR4rrRjFia2N7SfpPoQYsu Monero 48ruTzXESqg6dBesQpHvJXHeAYVobsDhKa8m4CMgvtBdHTa3mWCFgD7WXpwMXt8TbBSLaN8J1PWtbZNu8WzSxvTiDGMpu8X 0:00 Сергей Попов в гостях у Михаила Светова 1:22 Начало 1:41 На какой вопрос отвечает астрофизика сегодня? 5:55 Приоритет целей и их финансирование в астрофизике 16:00 Почему освоение космоса уходит к частникам 18:39 Меняет ли нашу жизнь космонавтика? 21:37 Про политизацию науки 28:15 Чем занимаются астрофизики? 31:04 Чем астрофизика отличается от классической физики? 33:28 Про единую теорию поля 37:07 Почему так важен спектральный анализ? 42:50 Существует ли тёмное вещество? И что это? 47:39 Произойдёт ли революция в физике? 50:23 Чёрные дыры не сосут?! 1:00:06 Есть ли предел у Вселенной? 1:05:39 Про Инфляционную модель Вселенной 1:10:41 Как измерить возраст Вселенной 1:13:52 Где живут инопланетяне? 1:22:56 Заканчивается ли поиск цивилизаций на проекте SETI? 1:27:18 Что скрывают американцы? 1:28:45 Есть ли пределы у математического описания мира? 1:37:33 Q&A: Про физику чёрных дыр 1:39:03 Q&A: Про решение парадокса Ферми 1:40:01 Q&A: Про зависимость возраста и размера Вселенной 1:44:43 Чем плох закон "О просветительской деятельности"? 1:52:40 Как научное сообщество потеряло субъектность? 1:58:27 Научпоп: благо или угроза? 2:08:29 Политизация учёного сообщества 2:25:26 Q&A: Про Великий аттрактор 2:27:00 Рекомендации: С.Вайнберг 2:29:38 Прощание
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