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00:00:03
It's become a "truism", repeated by right wingers00:00:06
and people who just don't know much, about political theory00:00:09
It could be something someone tries to say when you tell them you voted for Bernie Sanders.00:00:13
"Pscht, Bernie Sanders, don't you know that socialism has never worked."00:00:16
Many don’t know much about the history00:00:19
of socialism or even really understand00:00:21
what socialism actually is.00:00:24
They hear the word socialism and they think of authoritarian regimes like00:00:27
the Soviet Union or North Korea00:00:30
or even worse they might say “Hey, socialism doesn’t work”00:00:33
when they are having a conversation about someone like Barack Obama00:00:37
implying that Obama is himself is a Socialist.00:00:41
Now, it should go without saying that Obama is not a socialist00:00:45
but this actually has to be explained to some people00:00:48
this is true regardless of whether you are for or against socialism00:00:53
or communism or capitalism or social democracy00:00:57
I am not a socialist00:00:58
but I can only understand that if I actually know00:01:02
what socialism is.00:01:04
So, let’s begin there.00:01:05
Defined by a textbook: socialism is the collective ownership of a society's means of production.00:01:12
Means of production could be00:01:14
non human resources used to produce things of economic value,00:01:17
like real estate or farmland00:01:19
natural resources,00:01:20
equipment00:01:21
buildings,00:01:22
infrastructure, roads00:01:24
and collective ownership of these things meaning00:01:26
workers or the public own them.00:01:29
Some define socialism as a system by which social equality can be achieved.00:01:34
In this broader way of thinking about it00:01:36
socialism could mean any kind of socialistic philosophies or attitudes or tendencies00:01:41
or a system that combines orthodox socialist practices with other constructs like capitalism00:01:48
For instance, you could say that some Scandinavian countries are socialistic by modern standards00:01:54
not because they have a system where the the government or workers own everything00:01:58
but because they have a system where there’s a relative greater amount of intervention00:02:03
by democratic government to protect socialistic ideals00:02:06
like egalitarianism, civil rights,00:02:09
equal education, environmentalism00:02:11
and the prevention of abuse by actors in the free market.00:02:14
These are capitalist societies and they’re definitely not00:02:18
not realizations of socialism as defined in a political science glossary00:02:23
but these are manifestations of socialistic inclinations,00:02:26
especially when compared to what goes on in many other developed countries.00:02:30
Socialism is an extremely broad umbrella term00:02:34
to describe a wide range of political, social and economic systems, movements and ideas.00:02:40
Let’s explore where socialism comes from,00:02:44
some of its variations and how they function in society.00:02:47
Some elements of socialism have ancient roots.00:02:50
Ancient buddhism taught that the individual00:02:53
and all other living beings are interconnected and interdependent00:02:58
and that all humans should be treated equally and with kindness.00:03:00
People often draw parallels between socialism and buddhism00:03:04
And many say that Plato’s republic first articulated the notion of a socialist state,00:03:09
a state that aims to solve social problems by government action,00:03:13
through higher taxes and redistribution of resources00:03:17
There are lots of other aspects of Plato's Republic that don’t00:03:20
at all00:03:21
align with modern socialism.00:03:23
Socialistic ideals are seen being portrayed in the Hebrew bible,00:03:28
which in many places says that people should be treated equally00:03:31
and that we should be generous to the have nots.00:03:33
The book of Leviticus says00:03:35
“You shall not oppress or exploit your neighbor … love your neighbor as yourself.”00:03:40
Deuteronomy says00:03:41
“[god] enacts justice for orphans and widows,00:03:44
and he loves immigrants giving them food and clothing,00:03:47
that means you must also love immigrants because you were immigrants”00:03:51
“Don’t take advantage of poor or needy workers00:03:54
whether they are fellow israelites or immigrants who live in your land or your cities.”00:03:59
From Ecclesiastes00:04:00
“It is god’s gift to humankind that everyone should eat and drink.”00:04:04
From Psalms00:04:05
“Give justices to the weak and the fatherless; maintain the right of the afflicted and the destitute.00:04:11
Rescue the weak and the needy, deliver them from the hand of the wicked.”00:04:16
Now this might get awkward for anti socialist christian conservatives00:04:21
but the new testament is also chock full of socialist themes.00:04:25
Jesus advocated that all people including government should provide for the poor00:04:30
and distribute resources according to people's needs.00:04:33
Some quotes of the new testament:00:04:35
“All who believed were together and had all things in common00:04:38
and the sold their possessions and goods and divided them among all men, as every man had need.”00:04:45
“And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of one soul:00:04:49
neither said any of them that ought of the things which he possessed was his own00:04:54
but they had all things in common.”00:04:57
“If you would be perfect, go,00:04:59
sell what you possess and give to the poor.”00:05:02
“When you give a feast, invite the poor, the maimed, the lame,00:05:06
the blind and you will be blessed because they cannot repay you.”00:05:10
“Distribution was made unto every man according as he had need.”00:05:15
To take another religious example in Zoroastrianism00:05:19
the prophet Nasdaq the younger00:05:21
in 6 century persia00:05:23
promoted the implementation of social welfare institutions00:05:26
and collective ownership of property.00:05:29
Many ancient religions acknowledged the social nature of humans00:05:32
whether on purpose or by accident and promoted equality,00:05:35
caring for the needy and common ownership.00:05:39
The term socialism itself00:05:40
wasn’t used until the early XIX century in western Europe00:05:44
by philosophers and social critics like Pierre Joseph Proudhon,00:05:48
Henri de Saint-Simon00:05:50
and Robert Owen.00:05:52
At first the word was used00:05:53
not to describe any one political system but as an abstraction,00:05:57
a philosophy that society could or should operate00:06:00
to serve the collective as opposed to just thinking about the individual.00:06:04
This was in the wake of the French revolution and00:06:07
in large part the reaction to the poverty and inequality that was growing out of the industrial revolution00:06:13
and then over the course of the XIX and XX centuries there were many,00:06:17
many different philosophies that branched out of this00:06:20
to form separate socialist intellectual movements;00:06:23
this is where the idea that socialism means any one thing is dispelled,00:06:28
when someone says socialism has never worked00:06:31
be suspicious that they are thinking very narrowly00:06:34
and really not taking into account how many different types of socialism there really are.00:06:39
And how different types of socialism and how different types of socialism have manifested00:06:43
or they might be completely clueless about history too.00:06:46
Many of the different flavors of socialism have some overlap00:06:50
and aren’t necessarily mutually exclusive movements.00:06:53
One of the first schools of socialist thought was utopian socialism00:06:58
which in itself is sort of an umbrella of different theories00:07:02
but in this way of thinking socialists supposed that capitalist, factory owners and others00:07:08
would voluntarily hand over the means of productions to workers.00:07:11
They believed that this would be accomplished by way of education and conversation between00:07:17
socialists and capitalists until all the means of production00:07:21
were controlled by the collective and decentralized democracies.00:07:25
Many utopian socialist drew from christianity to form the rationales for their views.00:07:30
Utopian socialism has often been criticized00:07:33
for focusing too much on theoretical models on how the socialism might work00:07:37
and not enough on how it would be achieved, hence the name: utopian.00:07:42
Then there’s marxism.00:07:43
Now many people refer to marxism colloquially as communism00:07:47
even though communism can actually describe an array of different systems,00:07:51
some of which don’t even involve a state, which I’ll touch on in a second,00:07:55
but marxism is definitely not merely synonymous with socialism the way many people think.00:08:01
Marxism is a type of socialism or a type of communism,00:08:06
something very specific,00:08:07
and it’s not just an economic system it's an entire philosophical worldview and a way of analyzing politics,00:08:14
and society, economics, history, religion, art, whatever;00:08:18
and there’s much, much more that can be explained about marxism than I’m able to cover in this video00:08:24
but as an ultra simplified overview political marxism is centered around00:08:29
class struggle,00:08:30
revolution and marxist historical theory of materialism.00:08:35
Marxism advocates a revolution00:08:37
wherein a society means of production are taken by force,00:08:40
rather than by reform or negotiation or slower forms of transition;00:08:45
the means of production would then be controlled by a proletarian state00:08:50
which in theory would lead to an egalitarian,00:08:52
stateless society that governs itself without coercive institutions.00:08:57
Really important point here:00:08:59
This is not what the Soviet Union00:09:01
or its quote “communist” successors achieved00:09:05
or were working toward,00:09:06
despite their pretenses Bolshevism, Maoism and the like are inherently right wing00:09:12
totalitarian perversions of Marxism.00:09:16
In direct contrast to marxism and other forms of state socialism is libertarian socialism00:09:22
where there’s an emphasis on having an state that’s either small and decentralized00:09:26
or completely non existent;00:09:27
one version of libertarian socialism is anarchism,00:09:31
which is a set of socialist movements that generally oppose00:09:35
the idea of hierarchies and authority altogether, especially the state00:09:39
really no variation or stage of anarchism involves government by definition00:09:45
and almost all schools of anarchism see any type of hierarchy00:09:48
as either unnecessary or unethical in any kind of human interaction,00:09:53
a boss at the workplace00:09:54
a leader in a social movement, whatever the case might be.00:09:57
Now, within anarchism, there is anarchist communism00:10:01
which seeks to abolish not only the state but all markets, money and private property00:10:06
in exchange for communal ownership00:10:08
of the means of production and decentralized grassroots direct democracies.00:10:13
There’s anarcho syndicalism00:10:15
which can be thought of as a sort of extension of anarchist communism00:10:19
where the means of production are controlled00:10:21
by confederated trade unions called syndicates,00:10:25
this type of anarchism actually manifested in Catalonia, Spain, right before world war 2;00:10:31
in this instance socialism worked.00:10:33
Almost all industries and aspects of the economy were collectivized00:10:37
and society functioned efficiently without capitalism or money.00:10:41
Catalonia was able to provide quality healthcare for its 2.5 million inhabitants.00:10:46
Under anarcho syndicalism Catalonia saw a growth in wealth and production and absence of poverty,00:10:53
more schools were built all around objectively better public services were provided00:10:58
and they had a highly effective military which they constantly used to protect themselves00:11:02
against the Spanish nationalist forces during the Spanish civil war.00:11:07
George Orwell described what he saw when he visited Catalonia in the 1930’s.00:11:12
“It was the first time I had ever been in a town where the working class was in the saddle.00:11:16
[This] shows you what human beings are like when they are trying to behave as humans beings00:11:21
and not as cogs in the capitalist machine.”00:11:24
Anarcho syndicalist communities also existed in Chiapas, Mexico00:11:29
which first developed in the 1990 under the Zapatista movement,00:11:33
today they successfully provide adequate education and healthcare services for themselves.00:11:38
They have sustainable and ecologically sound agricultural practices00:11:42
which provide more than enough food00:11:45
and they’re champions of women’s right and the rights of indigenous mexicans.00:11:50
And they are many other types of socialist anarchism.00:11:52
By the way socialist anarchism should be redundant00:11:55
because things like anarcho capitalism00:11:57
present oppressive economic hierarchies of authority that are inherently non anarchistic00:12:04
but with all the “ancaps” running around on the internet these days00:12:08
it's worth just clarifying that point.00:12:10
Beyond anarchism there’s democratic socialism and social democracy00:12:15
which seek to implement the principles of socialism00:12:18
in the context of a democratic and sometimes capitalist state.00:12:21
Principles like equality,00:12:23
social justice,00:12:24
environmentalism,00:12:25
civil liberties, free speach00:12:26
Democratic socialism and social democracy differ from anarchism00:12:31
obviously because there is a state,00:12:33
They differ from Marxism because they are frequently thought of as systems that are thought of as achieved through reform,00:12:38
as opposed to revolution,00:12:39
or they're thought of as vehicles for reform to something else,00:12:43
and they also don't carry many of the other characteristics of Marxism.00:12:47
Democratic Socialism and Social democracy are oftenconsidered more centrist than Marxism or anarchism,00:12:53
and according to many, are even compatible with capitalism or at least some elements of capitalism.00:13:00
In other words, in democratic socialism and social democracies,00:13:03
you can have markets, but the state provides a great deal of regulation and social welfare.00:13:08
Distinctions are sometimes made between democratic socialism and social democracy.00:13:13
in that democratic socialist states will ensure that major factions of industry are publicly owned, while00:13:19
social democracies tend to exist within more capitalist frameworks.00:13:23
Currently, no counties in the world really for the description for democratic socialism,00:13:29
Venezuela under Hugo Chavez claimed to be democratic socialist, but00:13:34
it was, and still is by the way, just another right wing, oppressive, authoritarian type of socialism.00:13:41
There are a handful of countries today that can be accurately described as social democracies.00:13:47
Modern social democracies allow egalitarianism,00:13:50
Things like social welfare, universal healthcare,00:13:52
and representative democracy to flourish with in the context of capitalism.00:13:57
Think of countries like Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland, Sweden,00:14:02
Modern social democracy is sometimes referred to as the Nordic model.00:14:06
These countries have free college, free graduate school, free or inexpensive world class health care,00:14:12
paid through taxes.00:14:14
Compared to other developed countries, generally speaking.00:14:17
they have lower rates of crime and a higher quality of life.00:14:20
Socialism has been used to solve economic problems for millennia,00:14:25
in a wide variety of places and in different forms.00:14:28
Sumeria circa 2100 BC,00:14:32
had a state planned economy.00:14:34
Food was directly distributed through the state.00:14:37
Evidence of their bureaucracies can be found written on tens of thousands of clay tablets,00:14:43
excavated in modern day Iraq.00:14:45
The code of Hammurabi in Babylonia, around 1750 BC,00:14:49
fixed the wages of workers and capped how much physicians were allowed to charge their patients.00:14:56
In Egypt, during the Ptolemaic dynasty from 323 to 30 BC,00:15:00
the state controlled the means of production and every aspect of commerce.00:15:04
The government owned all of the land, and decided what crops should be grown and where.00:15:09
It controlled the mines, the production of oil,00:15:11
salt, paper, textiles, and everything was funded through an intricate taxation system.00:15:17
Under emperor Diocletian during the third century BC,00:15:21
Rome responded to harmful monopolies and widespread poverty and unemployment,00:15:26
by nationalizing all major industries and creating tons of public works projects.00:15:32
The Chinese emperor Wu of Han in the second and first centuries BC,00:15:37
to combat growing monopolies and wealth inequality,00:15:40
established an income tax,00:15:42
nationalized natural resources,00:15:44
regulated trade,00:15:45
fixed prices, and00:15:47
established public works.00:15:49
The longest lasting use of socialism is thought to be the Incan economic system between the 13 and 16 centuries,00:15:56
Everyone in the society collectively organized every aspect of agriculture,00:16:00
labor, trade, and transportation,00:16:03
and a census kept track of materials, individuals, and income.00:16:07
The Incan people graciously participated in this system,00:16:11
in exchange for security and food. And it worked, despite00:16:14
the massive size of the Incan territory.00:16:16
And it only fell apart because of the arrival of the Spanish in 1533.00:16:20
Responding to someone claiming that socialism has never worked,00:16:24
I would remind them that, to the extent that socialism has been tried,00:16:28
Where ideas and tendencies of democratic, egalitarian, left-wing socialism,00:16:33
have been woven into political and economic life,00:16:36
and haven't been nullified by right-wing phenomena like totalitarianism,00:16:41
police states, and oligarchy,00:16:42
the results have been good.00:16:44
The right-wing, or conservative, or classical liberal dogma in the US,00:16:49
is that higher taxes and a strong public sector are just awful.00:16:53
They say these things inhibit economic growth and innovation,00:16:56
or that the welfare state and thorough regulation of markets,00:16:59
is unsustainable, or even that these things endanger individual liberty.00:17:04
As progressives, we know that's not true, or00:17:06
really anyone who has looked at the data or studied truly democratic applications of socialism,00:17:11
would know, that's not true.00:17:13
Look at Scandinavian countries today,00:17:16
Or even countries like France, Ireland, Canada, or New Zealand,00:17:20
which share some of the same characteristics.00:17:22
No matter what lens you look at these systems through,00:17:25
they are the best game in town.00:17:27
And again, these are capitalist societies,00:17:30
but they borrow from socialism.00:17:32
In terms of economics, these societies see economic growth at higher rates,00:17:36
lower unemployment,00:17:37
higher rates of job creation,00:17:39
better productivity per work hour,00:17:41
lower poverty, less homelessness.00:17:43
In terms of social issues,00:17:45
there's greater gender equality,00:17:47
better education,00:17:48
better education equality,00:17:50
more social mobility,00:17:51
better healthcare,00:17:52
better quality of life in general.00:17:54
Socialism doesn't necessarily mean Marxism or communism,00:17:59
and it doesn't have to mean abandoning things like individual rights.00:18:02
Entire branches of socialism are centered around individualism as their highest value.00:18:07
In many of its manifestations, socialism just means,00:18:10
allowing government to more efficiently do what we already called upon it to do:00:18:14
protect people's rights,00:18:15
protect people from abuses of the free market,00:18:18
and provide social safety nets.00:18:20
And neither I, nor any reasonable person, want to achieve those things through00:18:25
the power of one authoritarian person,00:18:27
or small group of people.00:18:29
It should be done democratically, through00:18:31
representative government,00:18:33
or genuine communal ownership, like00:18:35
it's done on every place on earth where socialism has worked.00:18:39
Socialism, when combined with democratic values,00:18:42
which countries like the US, in principle, hold dear,00:18:46
can give us something desirable, in terms of preventing the working class00:18:50
from being exploited by the rich and corporations,00:18:53
preventing devastating wealth inequality,00:18:55
and providing basic human needs like healthcare and education.00:18:59
Many other societies have shown us that these things can be accomplished00:19:04
without anything reminiscent of the extreme examples00:19:07
often pointed to for people to claim that socialism doesn't work.Description:
Our long form deep dive debunking the false notion that "socialism has never worked." Become a Member: https://davidpakman.com/membership/ Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/davidpakmanshow Support TDPS by clicking (bookmark it too!) this link before shopping on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/ David's Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Website: https://davidpakman.com/ Discuss This on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/thedavidpakmanshow/ Support Our Sponsors: https://www.influencerbridge.com/davidpakman Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser TDPS Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/davidpakmanshow David's Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/dpakman TDPS Gear: https://davidpakman.com/membership/ 24/7 Voicemail Line: (219)-2DAVIDP Subscribe to The David Pakman Show for more: https://www.youtube.com/user/midweekpolitics?sub_confirmation=1 Timely news is important! We upload new clips every day, 6-8 stories! Make sure to subscribe! --Donate via Bitcoin: 15evMNUN1g4qdRxywbHFCKNfdCTjxtztfj --Donate via Ethereum: 0xe3E6b538E1CD21D48Ff1Ddf2D744ea8B95Ba1930 --Donate via Litecoin: LhNVT9j5gQj8U1AbwLzwfoc5okDoiFn4Mt --Donate via Bitcoin: 15evMNUN1g4qdRxywbHFCKNfdCTjxtztfj --Donate via Ethereum: 0xe3E6b538E1CD21D48Ff1Ddf2D744ea8B95Ba1930 --Donate via Litecoin: LhNVT9j5gQj8U1AbwLzwfoc5okDoiFn4Mt
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