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Video tags
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Russian
00:00:15
Hello everyone, you are on the planet Earth channel.00:00:17
And today we will talk about Scorpions.00:00:20
When it comes to a scorpion, people usually feel00:00:24
dislike, and sometimes fear.00:00:27
The reason lies, apparently, in an unattractive appearance00:00:30
and a large number of legends that shroud00:00:34
the image of this animal, and everyone knows that it is poisonous00:00:37
.00:00:38
But overcoming fear, we definitely need to figure out00:00:41
whether this is so and learn a lot of interesting things about this creature.00:00:46
Go.00:00:47
Scorpions (Latin name - Scorpionidea) belong to the oldest00:00:50
order of arthropods or articular-pods of the00:00:53
arachnid class.00:00:55
The first scorpions living on earth appeared more than00:00:58
300 million years ago (during the Devonian period).00:01:01
The fact that during this time they remained00:01:03
unchanged is confirmed by the impressions of their hulls on00:01:06
hard rocks.00:01:08
Their very first representatives lived in coastal waters,00:01:12
gradually getting used to the land way of life.00:01:15
Many people classify these specimens as insects00:01:18
due to their large number of double legs and ability to00:01:22
sting like a wasp.00:01:23
However, this opinion is not considered correct.00:01:27
Scorpions are animals that reproduce living00:01:30
offspring, that is, they are viviparous.00:01:32
And You can meet scorpions in different places, with the00:01:36
exception of the Far North and Antarctica.00:01:39
Although scorpions are able to endure severe cold00:01:42
up to 25 C below zero.00:01:45
The ideal conditions for these arthropods to live00:01:48
are considered to be the tropics and subtropics with a hot climate Africa,00:01:53
Australia, South America, Asia or warm regions of the00:01:57
temperate zone: Spain; Italy; Crimea; The Caucasus in general,00:02:01
where it is good for a scorpion to be warm; In total, approximately00:02:05
1,750 species of these animals are distinguished, but only 50 of them have00:02:11
poison that is fatal to humans.00:02:13
And the most poisonous we should see here and right now.00:02:17
African Transvaal fat-tailed scorpion, Thick-tailed00:02:22
scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda), Lesser fat-tailed (Uroplectes00:02:23
lineatu), Common yellow Buthus occitanus, Giant forest00:02:26
scorpion (Heterometrus swammerdami), Striped tree scorpion (Centruroides00:02:28
vittatus), Brazilian Yellow scorpion (Tityus serrulatus), Red00:02:31
Indian ( Hottentotta Tamulus), Yellow Israeli scorpion00:02:33
(Leiurus quinquestriatus), Morelos00:02:37
scorpion, Argentine scorpion, Mediterranean00:02:41
scorpion and Black-tailed scorpion.00:02:43
And in the Crimea, by the way, there is a personal scorpion - endemic.00:02:46
That is, he lives only in the Crimea.00:02:49
By the way, it is also poisonous and can cause a lot of discomfort00:02:52
, and for children and people with weakened immunity00:02:56
, meeting with it is highly undesirable.00:02:58
Although the poison of the karakurt spider, which also lives in the Crimea00:03:02
, is even more dangerous and you need to be extremely careful00:03:05
, and if you have already stung, then go to the doctor and antihistamines00:03:09
should also be in the first-aid kit.00:03:11
The animal has a small but rather wide cephalothorax,00:03:15
tapering downwards. An00:03:16
abdomen00:03:19
consisting of several segments is attached to it .00:03:20
Nearby is a pair of claws, with which the animal captures00:03:24
prey.00:03:25
In the region of the mouth are rudimentary limbs that00:03:30
act as jaws or mandibles.00:03:32
At the bottom of the abdomen there are four pairs of legs, through which the00:03:36
scorpion quickly moves on any surface,00:03:40
depending on the area where it lives.00:03:42
It can be rocks in the mountains or quicksand in the desert.00:03:46
The long abdomen of the arthropod gradually narrows,00:03:50
thereby forming a tail. At its end is a small00:03:51
pear-shaped00:03:56
process-capsule .00:03:58
Inside it are glands that produce poison, and at the00:04:02
end is a sharp needle, with which the scorpion00:04:05
injects a poisonous substance into its prey.00:04:08
Since the body of the animal is covered with a strong chitinous00:04:11
shell, it is practically00:04:14
not threatened by enemies, and besides, this shell is covered with a very thin00:04:18
layer of organic matter, which is even more00:04:22
durable.00:04:24
Scorpions have very well developed eyesight, which allows00:04:27
them to see even at night.00:04:29
Eyes are located in the upper part of the cephalothorax, depending00:04:32
on the type of arthropod, they can be from 2 to 12.00:04:37
One pair, located in the middle, is the largest00:04:40
and is called the middle eyes.00:04:43
The remaining eyes are called lateral and are located near00:04:46
the anterior edge of the cephalothorax.00:04:48
But a dozen eyes were not enough for our comrade.00:04:52
Scientists have found that scorpions detect00:04:56
the presence of potential prey at a distance of 3000:04:59
cm.00:05:00
At the same time, they do not use the eyes, but the hairs located00:05:04
on the paws, which are characterized by increased sensitivity00:05:08
and are of great importance for individuals.00:05:11
The color of a scorpion directly depends on the area of \u200b\u200bresidence.00:05:14
It may be grey; Orange; colorless transparent; black;00:05:19
green; yellow-sandy; Violet.00:05:22
Scorpions prefer to be nocturnal,00:05:25
during the day they hide from the sun under stones, in gorges,00:05:29
under the bark of trees, or simply burrow into the sand.00:05:32
As night falls, the animals crawl out of their hiding places00:05:36
to start hunting.00:05:38
The scorpion easily obtains its own food, having the ability00:05:41
to sit motionless for hours, waiting for the victim.00:05:44
When an insect appears, it quickly rushes00:05:48
at it and securely embraces it with its claws.00:05:51
Moreover, he does not always use a sting.00:05:54
Scorpio is an economist and if you can do without an injection00:05:58
, he will just work physically.00:06:00
Another scorpion has a special structure of the digestive00:06:04
system.00:06:05
This allows him to do for some time not only00:06:08
without food, but also without water, usually obtained from the body of00:06:12
his victims.00:06:14
In addition to being an economist, a scorpion predator00:06:17
eats insects such as spiders; cockroaches; centipedes;00:06:22
grasshoppers.00:06:23
In addition, a scorpion can eat small00:06:25
rodents, lizards, and even eat its relatives, which00:06:29
are weaker than it.00:06:31
And also, as a super predator, he knows how to change the property of his00:06:34
poison, and this is a fact.00:06:36
For crickets we have one cartridges and for mice we have our own.00:06:40
And by the way, the poison of scorpions does not affect other00:06:43
scorpions, although this is understood by the brother-in-law, the brother-in-law sees from afar00:06:47
, although this is not about them.00:06:49
And after the male has had enough,00:06:53
interesting thoughts appear in his head and he goes in search of a female.00:06:57
This happens at night.00:06:59
When moving, the "groom" leaves behind a trace00:07:02
of a substance that has a specific smell00:07:05
and attracts the "bride".00:07:07
The male, in turn, feels the trace of the female through the00:07:11
hairs that are located at the bottom of his body.00:07:14
Having met, the couple proceeds to a kind of mating00:07:18
game, or rather, to the dance.00:07:20
The "groom" is rapidly approaching the "bride", tapping00:07:23
on the ground with pedipalp limbs.00:07:26
Readiness for mating is indicated by its raised00:07:29
sting.00:07:30
Such a sign is necessary so that the female does not take00:07:32
him for a possible victim.00:07:34
However, if the "bride" at that moment wants to eat or is00:07:37
not ready for mating, then she can attack the groom,00:07:41
and then eat it.00:07:43
If, after all, the scorpion has appreciated the betrothed, they grappling00:07:48
with ticks perform a mating dance.00:07:51
This game can go on for a long time.00:07:53
Well, after dancing, the scorpion urgently needs to flee00:07:57
on its 8 legs.00:07:59
Having spent so much time, the female, of course, got hungry,00:08:03
and whoever first came into the field of view of 10 female eyes should be00:08:06
served on the table.00:08:08
As mentioned, most of the scorpions are00:08:11
viviparous, their fertilized eggs develop in the00:08:15
mother's body.00:08:16
In such conditions, they are completely protected from the negative00:08:19
effects of the environment and potential danger.00:08:22
The duration of pregnancy in scorpions is from 10 months00:08:26
to 1 year, and the number of offspring varies depending00:08:30
on their species.00:08:31
Usually the female has from 20 to 60 babies.00:08:36
Having been born, little scorpions immediately climb00:08:39
onto the back of their mother, where they spend the first and very dangerous00:08:44
days of their lives.00:08:45
Because the first threat that meets on00:08:48
their life path is their own mother.00:08:51
She can eat her offspring if, let's say, an involuntary00:08:56
feeling of hunger comes up.00:08:57
But this does not always happen, but only on the mood.00:09:00
And so, like all mothers, the scorpion takes care of the offspring and leads00:09:05
her usual way of life, getting food for herself and her children.00:09:09
After 7-10 days, the first molt occurs in scorpion babies,00:09:14
and, having left their mother, they begin an independent life.00:09:17
In its very first months, the offspring molt00:09:18
every 30 days, this happens 3 times.00:09:19
In the future, this process can be observed in them no00:09:20
more than 1 time per year. They need several00:09:21
years00:09:25
to reach sexual maturity .00:09:26
During this time, they grow, periodically renewing00:09:28
their chitinous cover.00:09:30
The life expectancy of scorpions in nature is00:09:33
up to 10 years.00:09:34
And in principle, they do not have many natural enemies.00:09:37
And fertility is on top.00:09:39
Although there are comrades who are not averse to eating scorpions.00:09:43
Hedgehogs, mongooses, a number of lizards are insensitive to their poison.00:09:48
Scorpions are eaten by some snakes, birds (for example, owls)00:09:52
, bats.00:09:53
Baboon monkeys also feast on these arachnids, tearing00:09:57
off their sting.00:09:58
Young scorpions are eaten by large spiders, phalanges,00:10:02
centipedes.00:10:03
There is also a real scorpion killer.00:10:06
Believe it or not, this is a scorpion hamster.00:10:10
The scorpion hamster is a dexterous, cautious and at the same time00:10:14
daring animal, leading a solitary lifestyle.00:10:17
They live in the territory from southern Canada to northern00:10:20
Mexico.00:10:21
They are active all year at night and are constantly looking for their delicacy.00:10:25
Scorpion hamsters sometimes sit down, raise their heads00:10:30
and make a high-pitched squeak with their mouths wide open, reminding the scorpions00:10:34
who is in charge here.00:10:36
But hamsters are hamsters, and trouble came from where the scorpions00:10:40
did not wait.00:10:41
It turned out that it seemed to some people that these00:10:44
were very interesting animals, which were very interesting00:10:48
to watch, and they began to start them at home, especially the Imperial00:10:53
Scorpion, which is large and less dangerous, and since there is a00:10:57
demand, there will be a supply.00:11:00
In Africa, uncontrolled capture and export of hundreds of thousands00:11:04
of specimens began.00:11:05
And, unfortunately, recently the population of emperor00:11:08
scorpions in the wild has been on the verge of extinction,00:11:12
and they have become a rarity.00:11:14
To limit its removal from the wild, it, along00:11:17
with other species of its genus, has been placed on a special00:11:21
list.00:11:22
And not just a list, but in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered00:11:25
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,00:11:28
and let's hope that scorpions will recover00:11:33
and this will not be for a long time.00:11:35
Even if for many it has a frightening appearance00:11:39
and causes shock and awe, it is poisonous and at first glance00:11:42
does not bring any benefit, it occupies a certain00:11:45
niche on planet Earth and is not only one00:11:49
of the food chains, but also something that scientists00:11:52
have not yet guessed yes, and scorpion hamsters00:11:55
would be sad without their beloved scorpions.00:11:59
Watch, listen, write, subscribe.00:12:02
Don't forget to like and share this video with your00:12:06
friends, it really helps promotion.00:12:09
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