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2022 Nobel Fizik Ödülü alan çalışma ne ortaya koydu?

Nobel Fizik Ödülü

Einstein neden yanıldı

Kuantum fizikte ne durumdayız?

Kuantum internetin farkı ne?

Fatih Altaylı

Prof. Dr. Erkan Özcan

Dr. Kadir Durak

Prof. Dr. Zafer Gedik

Teke Tek Bilim

10 Ekim 2022 teke tek

habertürktv

canlı

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00:00:04

[Music]

00:00:18

Good evening, dear viewers, welcome.

00:00:22

We will talk about something important tonight. Thank God, there is YouTube,

00:00:24

you can't watch it. Let's say

00:00:26

you can watch it on YouTube tomorrow when you get

00:00:30

sleepy. The subject is usually watched on YouTube for months, even

00:00:32

programs for years.

00:00:34

We will talk about an important issue tonight. The Nobel Prize was given. Well,

00:00:37

as you know, it has become clear that the winners in the field of physics

00:00:42

are divided among 3 important physicists. In fact,

00:00:45

some of the people who should normally receive it are unfortunately dead. Well,

00:00:47

this

00:00:49

shows how strange a thing science is

00:00:51

and they dig wells with needles. Those who found it

00:00:55

and those who started digging there

00:00:56

unfortunately left without finding the water.

00:00:58

Finally, when someone reaches the water, the ones

00:01:01

who survive are given the Nobel Prize. This was

00:01:11

an issue from the 1930s. Well, it's a strange thing that even Einstein said he had fun with. Well,

00:01:13

this issue is called quantum nature.

00:01:16

It is difficult for me. We

00:01:18

will talk about this in a moment. Why did

00:01:19

they win? What did they do? What did they find?

00:01:21

What did they not find? Or who did they

00:01:24

prove wrong? They have done such an important job. We

00:01:27

will talk about these.

00:01:29

You know one of my guests. Erkan

00:01:32

Erkan is always with us.

00:01:34

About this subject. Welcome. While

00:01:38

writing your number, I am very excited. We had a hard time deciding

00:01:40

which one to use,

00:01:41

something came up.

00:01:45

You have become the head of a structure similar to the Atomic Energy Authority.

00:01:47

Now

00:02:03

we have an institute within the Turkish Energy Nuclear Mineral Exploration Agency research institution. We may not be able to write it. An outstanding faculty member of the University, is it qubitr? Its founder,

00:02:07

qubitrium qubit is the abbreviation of quantum bit

00:02:22

and Professor Doctor Zafer Gedik, nice teacher.

00:02:34

But it is today. Sabancı University Faculty of

00:02:37

Engineering and Natural Sciences

00:02:39

faculty member is one of the most important names in Turkey in this regard. If

00:02:47

you say the first one, I am afraid of being unfair. That is why I am not saying it is not one of the most important.

00:02:50

Three scientists won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics.

00:02:53

Hasbackinger is

00:02:58

very important with the experiments they conducted. They

00:03:02

proved a physical theory,

00:03:05

proved a physical theory and refuted another claim. In

00:03:07

a sense,

00:03:11

it proves that Einstein was wrong. It is also very important in this respect. It was

00:03:14

known, but it could

00:03:15

not be proven, right, sir? Yes,

00:03:21

what happened? Why did it come here? It's okay,

00:03:25

let's start like this.

00:03:30

A mathematics related to [Music] mechanics

00:03:32

is being created slowly. slow that mathematics

00:03:35

tells us there are different parts

00:03:38

physicists slow Then they start to see like this they

00:03:40

say oh wait a minute

00:03:42

here

00:03:45

we are creating a mathematics that tries and explains But this mathematics

00:03:46

also tells us other strange things

00:03:49

other unexpected people say that there

00:03:52

will be some things that contradict the normal right We ignore the

00:03:54

part of it

00:03:57

because we can explain the experiments well at that time,

00:03:59

00:04:01

we argue about it, but you know, the philosophical side is

00:04:04

kept aside, and then

00:04:13

Einstein is one of the people who actually concretely said that we should take

00:04:15

this issue seriously.

00:04:18

They have a lot of arguments with Niyaz Borla, etc., about quantum

00:04:20

space. They are discussing about those

00:04:23

discourses, this is saying, etc., etc.

00:04:25

In 1935,

00:04:33

he puts it in an article in a concrete way that everyone can understand. Einstein with 2 people.

00:04:52

What is the first thing that comes to one's mind when we say quantum, hayzem? Maybe isn't it,

00:04:54

something called uncertainty, hayzem, maybe what does uncertainty

00:04:56

say, we

00:04:57

want to make measurements like systems, let's say we want to

00:05:02

measure the position and speed of an object, it says that

00:05:05

if you make one of these measurements, my sensitivity to the other one will be

00:05:09

impaired, so both are

00:05:10

great

00:05:13

now There is another part of this.

00:05:15

If you determine its location very, very precisely,

00:05:19

you lose everything about its speed. In a very precise

00:05:22

pattern,

00:05:23

you lose everything about its location. Now this is Hayzenberg's

00:05:27

Uncertainty Principle. It is also in the middle.

00:05:28

Now this is

00:05:31

when we say let's get by with this for now. This is

00:05:33

epr My friends at are saying, wait a

00:05:35

minute, there

00:05:37

is another important part, the same mathematics, if

00:05:39

we have a system with more than one part,

00:05:42

let's say, here are two

00:05:45

electrons or here are two photons, it is a two-part

00:05:49

system, let's think about this, the simplest thing,

00:05:50

if there is such a system, one side of this system. Let

00:05:54

's say let's measure its momentum or

00:05:56

its speed or position.

00:05:59

Then, making this measurement on this side

00:06:04

will introduce uncertainty about the other part of the system.

00:06:06

For example, let's say, when I measure its position from here, I

00:06:08

also

00:06:09

get information from a document on the subject.

00:06:12

Therefore, Momentum

00:06:16

Now this is first in mathematics.

00:06:19

But for example, in 1926, Hayzan

00:06:22

Berk himself is

00:06:23

a calculation using this feature and

00:06:25

he is calculating something of the helium atom, so it

00:06:27

comes to their attention somewhere, but if we

00:06:30

go back a long way, he

00:06:31

also says epr It says "one minute", that is,

00:06:33

if we divide this system and

00:06:35

take it far away. I mean, when we are together, it doesn't

00:06:38

bother this problem.

00:06:39

Even if

00:06:42

we take it kilometers away, the same

00:06:45

mathematics says that this problem, this situation,

00:06:47

should be exactly valid. For example,

00:06:49

somehow, a measurement we made here.

00:06:51

Well, it must be affecting the

00:06:54

other part of the system at that moment, which is 100 billions of kilometers away from it. What

00:07:00

I read about it is good. He

00:07:01

said: We have money in our

00:07:03

hands. We divided that money, and when we throw it heads and tails in our hands, it

00:07:06

stays on the other side,

00:07:08

even if it is 2 trillion kilometers away, it

00:07:10

knows that it will come in the summer. Yes, yes, this is a natural

00:07:14

thing.

00:07:17

You may think like this at first, it's important. For example,

00:07:20

we have arranged these money in such a way that there is a mechanism in it. You

00:07:25

know, wherever you are, it

00:07:28

is affected. Now, you know,

00:07:34

at first, the system says, Well, there is

00:07:38

a secret Algorithm in that money.

00:07:40

Well, if

00:07:42

something like this happens on one side, if they nudge me like this, let me show heads,

00:07:45

or if they nudge me like this, let

00:07:47

me show heads. Maybe there

00:07:48

is such a mechanism, in the beginning, when the two parts of these two

00:07:51

systems first meet each other,

00:07:53

they agree with each other, they

00:07:55

say between them, if they nudge me like this, heads, that is, if

00:07:58

they nudge you like this, I will show heads.

00:08:00

He said, "Maybe

00:08:01

they agree among themselves, if there is such an agreement.

00:08:02

That is, if they have

00:08:08

an agreement among themselves,

00:08:10

a secret parameters, a secret

00:08:12

algorithm that we cannot measure or know, as physicists or as humans, we can

00:08:15

solve this problem again thanks to

00:08:18

that algorithm."

00:08:21

Well, it

00:08:24

remains that way, but there are no famous trees there

00:08:27

anymore. God does not play dice. Yes,

00:08:30

he says about this. The

00:08:34

biggest argument here is actually

00:08:43

what Einstein said in his articles on the first steps of Special Relativity, which made it the most famous in 1905. Any system can only be created by

00:08:47

the things around it in space. We apply effects to a system,

00:08:51

for example,

00:08:53

we pressed a button somewhere. When we press this button,

00:08:55

information around it

00:08:58

spreads at the speed of light. If we are somewhere far away where the speed of light

00:09:01

cannot reach, there is

00:09:03

no information that the button was pressed. That is

00:09:05

why it does not affect it, because it

00:09:07

is called locality. This principle of locality is

00:09:11

behind Special Relativity. General Relativity is

00:09:15

one of the future Einstein's most important contributions to world science. Now,

00:09:17

therefore, he comes as

00:09:25

a defender of such a fixed principle that enables the analysis of many experiments that explain so many things so critically, so usefully, and so easily,

00:09:30

and then he

00:09:32

says;

00:09:34

When we separate such a system, I cannot accept that the measurement here has an

00:09:36

impact on such a distant place.

00:09:41

Because that information is

00:09:44

yes, therefore when God says he does not play dice, he

00:09:47

means that there

00:09:53

must be something written somewhere about how the coin toss here will behave.

00:09:55

Even if we cannot know, there must be a rule somewhere.

00:09:58

It should be and thanks to that rule, it says that these

00:10:00

friends should appear to be communicating with each other from a distance,

00:10:04

so there is such a

00:10:06

starting point. It must have been pre-programmed in 1935,

00:10:09

otherwise

00:10:11

this communication speed is not possible.

00:10:14

Well, sir, then

00:10:18

I passed on to you,

00:10:20

something very important

00:10:25

is written on it. Nobody touches this for a long time.

00:10:27

As far as I know, it

00:10:28

reaches up to the waist. Yes, or

00:10:32

does it? In fact,

00:10:35

there are very important intermediate stages. It makes a previously known Theorem

00:10:38

more understandable,

00:10:41

but there is something in between. We call this event

00:10:46

entanglement.

00:10:48

Let me touch on a term there.

00:10:50

There are also people who use it fully, but

00:10:52

entanglement is something that occurs between two particles that belong to the common past.

00:10:57

Therefore, in your Turkish, it is similar to

00:11:00

a common thing like Paydaş, comrade, brother, brother.

00:11:03

Another thing is that we

00:11:06

do not need to translate this term. For example,

00:11:11

there are mechanisms that entangle two particles. Zallinger is already

00:11:13

one of the reasons for receiving awards. We

00:11:15

call it

00:11:19

entanglement, we don't want to call it

00:11:20

entanglement. It's about a term. That's why I

00:11:22

use entanglement, but these terms

00:11:25

can sit in other places over time. Unfortunately, let's

00:11:28

put that aside.

00:11:29

Einstein podolski rosenon

00:11:33

observed this phenomenon in 1935. David Boom

00:11:37

makes

00:11:39

things like position momentum much simpler. Let's

00:11:41

leave aside, there are two balls just like the example you gave,

00:11:43

one is black and the other is white. If this is

00:11:46

black, this is white, if this is white,

00:11:49

this is black. It is that simple, but it

00:11:54

is understood that this is not the case in the quantum space. This year's Nobel

00:11:58

Bel Theorem may be registered. The theorem is

00:12:05

where the colors of these balls are separated, that is, While leaving the source,

00:12:07

they came out as Stakeholders, they

00:12:09

walked around,

00:12:10

one goes to the right, the other goes to the left, it

00:12:15

proves that it is not known which color is which, it proves mathematically, then let's

00:12:24

separate black and white cars into black and white,

00:12:32

first the guides come,

00:12:35

Asbey and his friends do it better,

00:12:39

you show experimentally

00:12:41

now that it is better. Maybe

00:12:46

to put it simply, quantum theory is based

00:12:48

on probabilities,

00:12:50

probabilities.

00:12:51

Well,

00:12:52

we don't know about this theory, but can someone in the future,

00:12:56

our children and grandchildren,

00:12:59

discover new things and

00:13:01

add something to eliminate these possibilities? Can they

00:13:15

come to a place like we can find it? Maybe it is the inequality of the learners that

00:13:18

this cannot happen.

00:13:20

Therefore, the randomness in the quantum space is

00:13:22

an absolute randomness, and

00:13:27

Einstein

00:13:29

is currently seeing our audience. He is sitting in the middle in this Solday Conference picture, which I often

00:13:32

call the Mona Lisa of quantum mechanics.

00:13:37

Borla is one of the most oak of these discussions.

00:13:41

Finally I solved it, he

00:13:43

says I violated the uncertainty principle,

00:13:50

he proposes a Paradox regarding the emergence of a light particle in a box, Bor for the first time, that Giant Man

00:13:52

has difficulty and goes home without answering, the

00:13:55

solution comes the next day, the

00:13:57

solution comes from Einstein's general

00:14:00

theory of relativity, that is,

00:14:03

the speed of time will change when the height changes.

00:14:09

Einstein once again proves the accuracy of quantum mechanics by using the famous saying. It is said at this very moment,

00:14:12

before the htr article. Actually, God

00:14:15

does not play dice, but it is the

00:14:17

EPR type. So, if this is black, this is white, this is

00:14:21

green, this is blue, whatever it is, your proof that you cannot send

00:14:24

news to the other party using correlation is

00:14:29

very good.

00:14:32

We can do this by rolling dice, so

00:14:34

when we make a measurement here, this is absolute randomness.

00:14:37

In a perfect system, there is a 50% probability of

00:14:41

black and a 50% probability of white.

00:14:45

If this were 49.9,999%, we could send news faster than light.

00:14:53

It is coming, what will happen? Let it be

00:14:55

a little faster. Let it be a little

00:14:57

slower. Isn't it a number at the bottom?

00:14:58

This bird is not that easy. Its

00:15:01

absolute value is not that important.

00:15:02

Any number is correct, but look,

00:15:04

relative theory, special relative theory

00:15:07

teaches us something very important.

00:15:11

There is no chronological order of events at different points.

00:15:14

For example, let's take two twins, Şinasi and Recai, each with a

00:15:17

spinner in their hands. Let them

00:15:19

make measurements on them or

00:15:22

the colors of the boxes and let's say another observer is their mutual

00:15:24

friend. Let's say Yeşim is

00:15:26

looking at Şinasi and Recai,

00:15:28

depending on the speed of the green first. Şinasi

00:15:31

makes the measurement, then Recai, or first Recai,

00:15:34

then Şinasi, or both at the same time.

00:15:35

Therefore, there is no order of the events in different places.

00:15:40

Unfortunately, sometimes it is forgotten in quantum mechanics. The

00:15:42

theory of relativity is said to be obvious when this is measured at the same time.

00:15:45

This is

00:15:48

contrary to one of the most fundamental theorems of Palestine.

00:15:49

This sentence is wrong. a sentence Therefore, there is

00:15:52

no order. So, what could happen? For example,

00:15:56

imagine that Recalin came to the waterfall without being noticed and think about one of them

00:15:59

being before the other. It does not suggest which one

00:16:00

is first. If two distant events

00:16:03

affect each other, it also means that

00:16:05

they affect each other at two different times,

00:16:06

that is, you

00:16:11

are affecting a future that has not yet come or a past event. That's

00:16:14

why it is very, very important not to be able to send messages from one point to another with quantum

00:16:17

mechanics or any other theory,

00:16:21

and their free unemployment reveals this for the first time

00:16:26

in space. These three experimenters

00:16:32

prove its applications and experimentally at different stages.

00:16:36

I started with the money example of a measurement made here, let's

00:16:41

go from there to

00:16:42

quantum space. Coins do

00:16:44

not have to be just a coin. For example,

00:16:48

it is not written in which mint it was minted,

00:16:50

but it would be information or the year it was minted.

00:16:53

I think it still exists in the past. For example, whether it

00:16:54

is an even year or an odd year,

00:16:56

we can also ask two other questions.

00:16:59

Here it is, between two distant points.

00:17:04

For example, this is the money of the coin. The

00:17:14

result of the Heads and Tails experiment done here

00:17:16

changes between looking at whether the Head is Heads or whether the press date on it is Odd or Even, it shows that I am unequal.

00:17:19

But in this way, because this event is completely random

00:17:23

and because it is the

00:17:25

most random event of the most perfect universe in the world for its God in quotation marks,

00:17:27

this is from here to

00:17:30

here. The sign does not go away, we can show the

00:17:32

free inequality. In fact, for the first time, in a

00:17:36

sense, it is the

00:17:39

simplest version of a theorem that we called the previous Theorem, that is, the

00:17:42

value of A, the

00:17:46

value of the magnitude, let's leave the word type, let's

00:17:47

talk more simply. The size of A

00:17:52

changes depending on the measurements of A'. It does not have an absolute value.

00:18:20

It asks a biological, that is, theological question. Well, we

00:18:23

don't know this, but can God know?

00:18:28

It shows that this cannot happen. Because if

00:18:30

we assume this, the value of A

00:18:36

should be independent of b and c at a point far away that will not affect it.

00:18:39

Because the experiment will spend time from here to here before the light will spend.

00:18:44

It is completed, for example, the light will

00:18:46

go from here to here in one second, we do the experiment in half a

00:18:48

second, it will go in 10 seconds,

00:18:50

we do it in one second. Therefore, we

00:18:53

say that this cannot affect this in life, but

00:18:55

when we look at the results of the experiment, a

00:18:58

behaves differently with b and c, different

00:19:01

values come out. If we say that it should not be different but the same, we have the

00:19:05

free inequality

00:19:07

delt Theorem. It says that this is not true,

00:19:13

let me add a little thing,

00:19:16

Bel Theorem affects us very much, humanity, events at very distant

00:19:21

points, Einstein podolski

00:19:24

roseid, especially this distance interaction that Einstein talked about

00:19:25

and in a sense, it

00:19:29

is an indicator, it affects people a lot,

00:19:31

distances affect us a lot,

00:19:34

see Quantum mechanics, they are very far away from each other.

00:19:36

It is said that it connects events at distant points, but

00:19:40

what does the theory of special relativity tell us? There is no space and

00:19:42

time, there is space time. The

00:19:44

Colonos Theorem says that this feature

00:19:50

is only true in the four-dimensional system of two times two and in the 3-dimensional system,

00:19:51

but I either

00:19:53

cannot see this problem or cannot solve it. The problem

00:20:00

was solved forty years later by Binicioğlu, Mosky,

00:20:02

and this was tested for the first time by

00:20:05

Zaytinger, who was also awarded the Nobel Prize. I

00:20:07

guess the

00:20:09

Nobel Prize ceremony is this

00:20:12

inequality. Yes, in a city in Turkey.

00:20:15

Unfortunately, by a team of physicists and mathematicians who do not have any at the moment.

00:20:19

It was developed, it

00:20:22

has 4 authors, smooski Alexander

00:20:26

jumoski unfortunately passed

00:20:28

away a week after writing and sending the article

00:20:31

cliento mathematician he

00:20:35

did very important work in mathematics but yes Bilkent

00:20:38

was a mathematician but

00:20:40

I think the reason for his health problems is not there anymore He

00:20:42

returned to Russia By the way these two

00:20:44

scientists are today a

00:20:46

We are experiencing incidents in Ukraine and Russia.

00:20:47

As a result of the incident that occurred when the wall collapsed, they

00:20:51

came to Turkey with the support of Tübitak. It was a very useful program. The

00:20:54

two people in the middle,

00:20:57

Sinem Binici's son, is

00:20:59

now interested in Physics.

00:21:02

As far as I know, Muhammed Alican

00:21:03

is also dealing with cryptography abroad. He

00:21:06

was in Germany when we last corresponded. But

00:21:09

Zallinger again

00:21:11

understands the importance of this inequality and

00:21:16

conducts his experiment for the first time. What does this inequality do? We did an experiment at a certain moment and you

00:21:19

found a result,

00:21:21

you are sure of this result. After finding this result,

00:21:23

a measurement to be made at a later time

00:21:26

should not change this result. Just like

00:21:28

here, it does not affect each other at a very long distance.

00:21:31

But this inequality does not

00:21:37

affect the measurement to be made later. Assuming that this is

00:21:41

not true again, it

00:21:44

does not distort time. Again, signals cannot be sent, so the

00:21:47

same things are present here as well, to the past or the future,

00:21:49

but in quantum mechanics, this

00:21:52

value is not absolute on its own. Let

00:21:55

's call it a, this time from A. Then,

00:21:58

since we measure B mi c, he says that we should say that the value of A

00:22:01

separately, that is, there is no a and b, there is no a b, there is

00:22:06

no a and c, there is AC, the two form a whole

00:22:10

in the measurement. Maybe

00:22:13

this

00:22:16

was not emphasized much in today's Nobel, because this Nobel is more

00:22:18

about entanglement, like those who

00:22:20

put the Maybe theorem. I think this topic about the theorem of

00:22:23

TCB has

00:22:25

not been digested enough yet. Because it shows the same thing in time,

00:22:27

maybe if we learned it and its

00:22:30

experiments show the interaction between distant points in space, in

00:22:32

Einstein's words.

00:22:35

This also shows

00:22:38

the interaction between the past and the future.

00:22:41

Yes,

00:22:43

just like you said, I think

00:22:46

something has come up in science and technology about this. It's

00:22:48

a nice article. You know, they

00:22:51

can read it if the

00:22:52

viewers find it.

00:22:56

I mean, for those who want to read what my teacher said in

00:22:59

a little more detail,

00:23:06

my teacher explained it in outline. It's already

00:23:08

an interesting result, I mean, it's really

00:23:13

proud that something like this has come out of Turkey. Of course, if

00:23:16

you want, it's like this: As far as I know,

00:23:20

all of these Nobel Prize-winning teachers, almost all of them, I think there

00:23:27

were conferences in Turkey, one of them, that is, if we

00:23:30

start from the end, Zallinger

00:23:33

came personally. It is a meeting held in memory of our teacher Asım Barut.

00:23:40

He gave a speech there in Istanbul. At the

00:23:41

same time, as I said,

00:23:44

he also appreciated the inequality of this night,

00:23:47

Ali Aspen. In the group of , there is Philip Granje, who made this experiment,

00:23:50

that is, the

00:23:53

first undisputed experiment with its uncertainty to an indisputable point, and he is

00:23:57

our

00:24:03

guest

00:24:05

speaker there, we have quantum optics and informatics meetings, which we call Hobbit. Well, he is not the one who received the Nobel Prize 2 years ago,

00:24:08

but he is someone from the team. Well, but less There

00:24:11

is something known.

00:24:13

We were talking about it with our friends in our conversation. Einstein

00:24:15

podolski rose's rosen. Well,

00:24:18

he gave a seminar in Istanbul in a similar way. Well,

00:24:22

how old are the old ones? It

00:24:25

could be 70-80 years old.

00:24:28

I learned this from our teacher, son of Cihan Hairy. This

00:24:30

came to my mind from your last program.

00:24:34

Then, after the program you did with Ali Hodja last week, while

00:24:36

I was

00:24:38

looking at him, the Nobel program appeared on YouTube, I

00:24:41

pressed it, while I was listening to it,

00:24:43

my phone rang. It means Cihan

00:24:45

Hodja was also following it, did you hear the news? There

00:24:53

was still talk of him winning the Nobel Prize, and I

00:25:02

would like to share this with our audience who called after it happened: these 3 names are given Nobel Prizes,

00:25:04

people may be surprised, but these 3 names,

00:25:08

Klavuzer and Zallinger, were

00:25:11

a trio that had been talked about for a long time,

00:25:14

and a year ago, I

00:25:19

posted a video on

00:25:20

social media on exactly this list. They can find it,

00:25:24

I was going to say,

00:25:26

This is like this now, we are discussing a subject that is very deep and has

00:25:31

very clear philosophical interpretations, we

00:25:36

need to underline this for the audience,

00:25:41

partly because it is something with such philosophical depth, it was kept at a distance in the world of physics,

00:25:44

especially after the Second World War.

00:25:49

So yes, this is

00:25:56

a subject that most physicists do not delve into very much. We are calculating how it works, they say don't worry too much about these.

00:25:58

But of course, after they

00:26:00

think about it, all kinds of

00:26:03

new technologies have emerged, quantum

00:26:04

computers, etc. So, well, if you get distracted

00:26:07

somewhere,

00:26:10

the audience's attention is lost. Don't be surprised,

00:26:12

physicists have also been very careful for a while.

00:26:13

Yes,

00:26:17

here is the quantum thing. Esenler

00:26:19

Hodja came and told us

00:26:21

nice things about the application areas of quantum mechanics. For the

00:26:25

first time in my life, I had the

00:26:27

feeling that this was something related to quantum.

00:26:31

Why do we learn this before that? It

00:26:34

is okay even if we don't know it. There was such a

00:26:37

stupid approach. What can I say? Now, what does

00:26:39

this change? I mean, knowing something like

00:26:42

this is the

00:26:45

proof that led to the Nobel Prize. What does it change? The

00:26:48

application changes the experiment. Physics

00:26:50

in practice. I also watched that video. Or

00:26:54

rather, I watched the broadcast.

00:26:55

The applications described there are actually the first

00:26:58

quantum revolution. o MRI

00:27:01

devices, they call them lasers, diodes

00:27:05

and transistors, etc. These are actually the

00:27:06

first quantum revolution. Right now, we are

00:27:08

talking about the second quantum revolution. Its

00:27:10

technological applications. Actually,

00:27:12

this is on the agenda

00:27:19

for free. Well, quantum communication. Well, for example, that's how the entangled particles mentioned above show quantum correlations with each other from a distance, by

00:27:24

distributing keys.

00:27:26

We use that key in cryptographic communication. This is

00:27:29

something that can be done with photons by moving around exactly. In fact,

00:27:31

it has to be at 90 degrees. We

00:27:34

do it from the satellite. We

00:27:38

also did experiments with it. It was also done in space. Because that is a separate issue. It does not

00:27:39

match the attraction of the quantum thing. There

00:27:43

are problems. Could it be that it is not a complete theory

00:27:45

? There are also discussions such as: So,

00:27:51

when we sent a satellite and wanted to do this entanglement, that is, free labor violation experiment in

00:27:52

space, the theories said that

00:27:57

you may not see it. They said that you may not see it due to gravitational fluctuations,

00:27:59

but we observed and saw. Therefore,

00:28:01

00:28:03

is not affected by it in space. So let me start with

00:28:05

what are the applications of this?

00:28:07

If you want,

00:28:09

what is the meaning of

00:28:11

the filter for us because we will try to violate this free feeling? For example, we went around and

00:28:14

sent photons over long distances.

00:28:19

So, I am giving an example, I am giving the example of Siamese

00:28:22

twins. The

00:28:23

late Kemal Sunal had a movie,

00:28:25

there are twin brothers. No, there

00:28:28

are twin brothers. One of them is a bully, the

00:28:30

other one is a little bit. He is still working in a bank,

00:28:31

one of them is pouring mint and lemon on him, the

00:28:33

other one is

00:28:35

shouting God, etc. There

00:28:36

is a relationship between them, there

00:28:38

is such a relationship between entangled particles, but

00:28:40

this needs to be corrected here. The answer to the question of why Einstein

00:28:42

was wrong is that there

00:28:44

are not two particles. In fact, they are

00:28:46

a single particle in physics. luck is an

00:28:48

inseparable situation. Actually, a single quantity

00:28:51

is mentioned there. Therefore,

00:28:54

one of these particles is related to the other,

00:28:56

you can use it in communication,

00:28:59

you can use it in quantum imaging. Now there is a new

00:29:01

concept, quantum internet,

00:29:04

you can use

00:29:06

them in quantum internet, there are many different application areas,

00:29:10

quantum internet is not actually an internet,

00:29:12

I am just giving an example, IBM

00:29:14

Google is an

00:29:16

I am giving an example on a chip. It is trying to make 500 tweets.

00:29:19

You can think of the qubit as the processor there. Instead, this is

00:29:21

a project carried out in the European Union, this is the

00:29:23

flagship program. Here are 3 qubits, 5

00:29:25

in Istanbul, 5 in Kubitak, here are 8

00:29:28

in Izmir,

00:29:30

they are talking without any connection, they are talking about entanglement. By using it,

00:29:32

depending on the inequality, it is connected there

00:29:34

as if it were in the same place, that is, locality.

00:29:37

Therefore, as if it were in the same place,

00:29:39

how many are there in total?

00:29:45

You can calculate as if there were 3-5-8-16-16 cuboids together. Therefore,

00:29:47

Europe is at the same time. Yes, it is

00:29:50

a quantum computer spread throughout Europe.

00:29:51

Imagine, a calculation is being made,

00:29:54

but imagine that all computers are Quantum

00:29:55

computers, all computers in the world

00:29:57

are communicating with each other, there

00:29:59

is an application related to it, is it

00:30:00

called high frequency Trading? Is Trading

00:30:03

especially widespread in America?

00:30:05

A quantum fiber line has been established there,

00:30:09

with photons that circulate very quickly, which we use in quantum communication.

00:30:11

Even milliseconds are important

00:30:12

there. Therefore, by

00:30:15

communicating quickly, by making cryptographic communication, it

00:30:19

is possible to do the operations there faster. Knowing this. Knowing this. Well, he is

00:30:23

talking about this proof. Well, teaching here was of no

00:30:24

use.

00:30:34

I sent one to you, I sent one to my teacher Zafer,

00:30:38

since they are entangled, you normally

00:30:40

have to get the same key. Let's say, my

00:30:42

teacher Ercan intervened and

00:30:45

measured your photons and

00:30:47

tried to send you the same size.

00:30:56

What you don't get

00:31:00

here is that someone pulls on one of them and the other one doesn't scream. Therefore, when we are doing cryptographic communication here,

00:31:03

when someone intervenes, both parties are informed.

00:31:06

How do we do this? We

00:31:10

are experimenting with waist inequality violation in the Eker 91 protocol.

00:31:11

The value is between 2 and 2 root 2, that is, 3.8. If the

00:31:14

value is high, it is quantum.

00:31:16

That is, the correlations are not broken. If it is

00:31:18

below 2, someone has intervened and

00:31:21

is trying to break it. Cancel the protocol

00:31:22

because there is someone listening.

00:31:24

Therefore, it provides 100% security in a 100% cryptographic sense.

00:31:30

Similarly, it has applications in everything. It

00:31:36

has applications in the imaging and detection side. Here it is soon. More

00:31:38

precisely, it is new. There is a quantum expense project that has started, which

00:31:43

we have done by the Presidency of Defense Industry. This is a project on ensuring

00:31:47

drone security by making a quantum expense that is both invisible and resistant to deception. So how do we

00:31:52

understand this,

00:31:55

how do we understand the feature of deception?

00:32:02

When we measure time, an

00:32:04

Algorithm

00:32:07

should result in a value between 2 and 2√2. If this is the case,

00:32:09

okay, a name

00:32:10

is coming from the other side and the photons we send

00:32:12

bounce off it and come back. If

00:32:14

a value is below that, someone is trying to deceive us.

00:32:18

The easiest way to measure security violations is the It is

00:32:20

beyond easy, it is

00:32:24

protected by the laws of physics. I mean in no way.

00:32:26

Yes, the universe does not allow this. The

00:32:30

moment someone intervenes, you can

00:32:32

deduce that someone intervened and you

00:32:34

cannot do

00:32:39

anything. You cannot say, 'Let me find a mechanical method, do a great engineering and do something in the middle.'

00:32:41

Because the

00:32:42

laws of physics. Well, there is no need for you. He has

00:32:46

already written a prayer for this. He has already

00:32:50

created the sub-thing for protection. The prayer

00:32:52

has given such an infrastructure. And

00:32:54

if we can use that infrastructure properly,

00:33:01

no one could intervene. There is no one, or

00:33:04

there is no cabinet that we can use.

00:33:05

As far as I know, we do this

00:33:06

artificially ourselves in the laboratory.

00:33:08

Monthly Principle The

00:33:11

photons we know as the people we will measure,

00:33:13

of course, there is something like this, I

00:33:15

don't know, when an electron and a positron

00:33:18

come together and

00:33:21

create two photons, those photons

00:33:22

come out entangled, but

00:33:27

of course I'm not talking about those areas, because the

00:33:29

freeloader

00:33:33

did it, not like that,

00:33:37

he examines this problem exactly, positron and electron.

00:33:44

Two photons come together to preserve momentum, then he

00:33:46

examines the polarizations of these photons and

00:33:51

realizes that they cannot be determined at the source from the beginning. In fact, he

00:33:53

sees this event before the waist, but

00:33:56

I think they are all recent dates, I think the aunt was 57, let's

00:34:03

make a transfer about entanglement,

00:34:05

entanglement transfer. Actually, this is

00:34:08

a kind of entanglement. quantum channel. In

00:34:11

other words, with a quantum system, another person

00:34:17

can only become a whole with an entangled pair or entangled pairs. Classically, it is

00:34:21

not possible for the information here to go here. We call this

00:34:23

teletransmission. This entanglement

00:34:26

is required for teletransmission. If you read the first thing Zahide did, that is, the

00:34:29

Nobel III justifications, it is one of

00:34:31

the contributions. One of them is

00:34:34

to realize this telekinesis in the experiment, in a sense,

00:34:35

irradiation is quantum irradiation, but we

00:34:38

call it transfer to the wire. This quantum line is

00:34:41

needed there. Another thing is quantum

00:34:43

entanglement, which we call

00:34:54

transfer. It makes me entangled with ' and

00:34:56

this is very important. Thus,

00:34:58

we establish a long channel. Also, this quantum

00:35:01

system does not live very long, they lose their

00:35:03

quantum properties as a result of many interactions with the outside.

00:35:11

Hairdresser feature. What does it mean? It is a system that we have taken. For example, here is a coin toss or what

00:35:15

we call superposition. In

00:35:17

a situation where it is a mixture of writing and Turan,

00:35:19

we want the quantum information to be preserved.

00:35:22

For example, bit classical information becomes 01.

00:35:26

These can be many things, a mixture of zero and one. Well, this is a

00:35:30

mathematical quantity. We want this information

00:35:33

to remain, and the end of the interaction is like this.

00:35:36

Because

00:35:38

it can be spontaneously zero or spontaneously one. All

00:35:40

our effort is wasted, the information we wrote there, the

00:35:41

process performed there can be destroyed, we

00:35:43

want this to be protected, time is

00:35:46

short. Meanwhile, if we take this and

00:35:49

look at it, destroy it and do it again, if we

00:35:52

destroy it and

00:35:53

do it again, we can extend this time,

00:35:55

it is also repetitive, then it

00:35:58

is not.

00:37:35

They call it finger calculus by eliminating this and doing the same thing. In the full finger

00:37:37

calculus,

00:37:38

put one plus minus plus minus plus and see, 2 +

00:37:42

comes up. No matter what you do,

00:37:44

you will see that this number cannot be below -3. When you

00:37:46

play a little,

00:37:48

this is minus, that is, 5 - 4 root 5, its full value.

00:37:52

Numbers like -3.90 and 97 are decreasing.

00:37:55

So a. So, is this the index finger of the thumb

00:37:58

or the little finger?

00:38:03

This means that the value is different since they are measured together, but since it

00:38:06

will be done after measuring this, we say that we have already measured it, even though we

00:38:08

do this later,

00:38:11

think of it as if it is enough for him. But it is

00:38:13

not exactly like this. This is an interpretation. Let's see the result. Let's see

00:38:16

what my theory does.

00:38:18

But I interjected in the middle. Regarding the

00:38:21

subject that our teacher Kadir talked about,

00:38:23

entanglement, you

00:38:26

can already see this in the whole text.

00:38:35

A term such as resource richness of quantum information theory is used regarding the 2022 Nobel Prize.

00:38:37

What this means is quantum in communication.

00:38:45

We use this all the time in computers, key distribution, simulators. By

00:38:49

the way, examples of this

00:38:52

have started to be used in practical life,

00:38:56

we still hear about quantum computers, but there are not many things, they

00:39:00

exist at a certain level, but I see more

00:39:02

practically, for example, the team that won the award in 2004.

00:39:06

I think he made an agreement

00:39:10

with a bank in Vienna and the Austrian Bank

00:39:12

and said, well, the

00:39:16

bank gave a data, what do you call it? That's

00:39:25

3,000 Euros directly from the bank in 2007 and 2004. That's no way to transfer money from one account to another. He

00:39:30

succeeded with a method that could not be intervened, and the

00:39:33

bank was transferring that 3,000 Euros to his account instead of Zail's account, in

00:39:39

other words, to give support in practice,

00:39:43

since 2004. It

00:39:46

became an example of how banks can do this. Then

00:39:49

this time in Geneva, Nikolas Gizin said There

00:39:52

is another thing, he is a physicist. He is also

00:39:56

one of the good examples of this group. His team is

00:40:00

also like, how did the voting data

00:40:05

flow in CNR? They use this electronic voting

00:40:08

system, send the data to the

00:40:11

main center. They did the sending

00:40:14

with this system. In summary, Well, if

00:40:19

we want to protect anything very well. If you want to make sure that any data

00:40:21

goes from one place to another without anyone interfering,

00:40:26

we can use this method. By the way,

00:40:30

this is actually a direct overlap with the parts called non-copyability, which you

00:40:34

just said. If we think about it very simply, if I

00:40:39

had the ability to copy exactly the information that comes when I intervene

00:40:42

When I enter, I don't satisfy your soul at all, I

00:40:51

enter here, I make a copy and send it to you, but the fact that it cannot be copied, this quantum state cannot be copied, causes me to destroy it the moment I intervene, so, you know,

00:40:55

all of the things, a

00:41:02

lot of physics

00:41:03

theories that we know as fundamental in time and space, are squeezed together so much that

00:41:07

they form a Structure.

00:41:09

We can trust that much. You know, when you

00:41:12

do nonsense one after another and say "I

00:41:15

can solve this" or "I intervened and I

00:41:17

can do this", in fact,

00:41:19

every aspect of physics

00:41:22

has tied your hands in several ways. This is how you guarantee that it is

00:41:23

a safe system that you cannot prevent in any way.

00:41:27

I would like to make a note there. Sir,

00:41:29

side channel attacks are always possible.

00:41:34

We made one or two cryptographic echo attacks.

00:41:36

For example, we broke the system that we said could not be broken,

00:41:39

we published it as articles in two different ways,

00:41:40

what we did there as academic studies was saying, at the end of the day,

00:41:43

we do it with photons, we do it with

00:41:45

light particles and you measure the photons with a

00:41:47

detector.

00:41:52

It creates an electronic pulse in response to the incoming photon, and

00:41:55

while creating this,

00:41:57

we noticed that it emits electromagnetic radiation. Because

00:42:00

when the charged particle accelerates, it receives

00:42:02

electromagnetic radiation. From this

00:42:03

principle, these diodes

00:42:15

should emit radiation when it accelerates in the jungles of the intersection there, I don't know the Turkish language, and we calculated it,

00:42:16

we looked at how serious it was. It has to emit an amount.

00:42:18

Then we

00:42:19

made an antenna that can detect it. Then, when we measured

00:42:21

that radiation from behind the wall, that is, from a certain distance,

00:42:26

we were informed when a single photon came.

00:42:27

Therefore, we listened to it from the back without touching the system and

00:42:31

cloned the same key. For example, this is a side channel

00:42:33

attack, that is, somehow, to the system. You

00:42:37

need to physically interact and intervene remotely or closely. But of

00:42:39

course, this is not a problem, this is quantum key

00:42:41

distribution. Of course,

00:42:43

when something is found, we explain that it can be taken immediately, in the

00:42:45

same article, such and such precautions

00:42:47

can be taken. But side

00:42:49

channel attacks are not possible, let's

00:42:51

clarify that side channel is still possible. As we

00:42:54

know, it is related to classical things,

00:42:56

that is,

00:42:58

you cannot do anything on the quantum channel. You have to look at what is happening on the side.

00:43:00

Of course,

00:43:01

Human Being. It

00:43:07

is a creative thing. After all, you are trying to get around it somehow, but in fact, the problem always happens in the thing.

00:43:10

Where quantum information turns into classical, there

00:43:12

is actually a problem. So when you look at it,

00:43:14

photon detectors

00:43:16

are different. Super position is

00:43:19

when you don't measure quantum information. It is in super position. So,

00:43:22

to give an example, it rotates

00:43:24

upwards at the same time. So, it rotates like this, it rotates upwards and downwards. When

00:43:26

you measure it, it

00:43:28

becomes one. Yes,

00:43:34

that's it for us. It's

00:43:37

the same in the macroscopic world we live in.

00:43:39

You don't see me in two places at the same time, do you? I mean,

00:43:41

everything has a single place and a single

00:43:42

situation, but you just asked, you know,

00:43:45

when it becomes quantum, how does quantum information

00:43:48

happen? This system has the feature of

00:43:50

being in more than one state at the same time, it is a system where

00:43:52

we lose it. We

00:43:56

must be losing it on the ground because,

00:43:57

after all, we are looking at it here, there are

00:43:59

atoms, electrons,

00:44:02

fundamental particles, etc. that have those properties, but

00:44:04

when we come up,

00:44:06

we cannot observe any of them. So, somewhere in the journey, while

00:44:09

coming up from that tiny place, it somehow disappears.

00:44:12

How it disappears is another

00:44:14

matter of discussion, but to summarize the system. Well,

00:44:18

when we interact with the environment, we realize that this feature

00:44:21

is lost, that quantum feature is

00:44:22

lost. In very rough

00:44:24

terms, that's what my

00:44:27

teacher Zafer just said. You know, we

00:44:29

are trying to protect that quantum information, so that we

00:44:34

don't lose the state of the quantum, with this

00:44:36

macroscopic system, with the big system, with

00:44:38

our human-sized systematic minimum. We

00:44:44

carry out the operation in a way that affects it and then measure it. While that

00:44:47

operation is being carried out, he

00:44:55

says that they have proven this on a macroscopic scale as Nobel's introduction to efficiency.

00:44:58

What do you mean in terms of the distance to barcode,

00:45:01

that is, the

00:45:04

violation of waist inequalities,

00:45:17

we can think of thirty distances, since we are within communication distance at increasingly farther distances, but when you

00:45:20

say Macroscopic, that is.

00:45:22

It can also be understood in another way.

00:45:26

I would like to add to the point that Ercan Hodja just mentioned. The question of where quantum mechanics ends and

00:45:31

classical mechanics begins

00:45:35

was answered differently 50 years ago, but it is

00:45:37

answered differently in these years. Because when

00:45:40

Zallinger came to Istanbul,

00:45:43

what he talked about in the seminar was

00:45:45

not the interaction of atoms, but the interaction of molecules, that is,

00:45:50

60-70 of them. When

00:45:52

someone made of carbon atoms is 60, it

00:45:54

becomes a football ball. If

00:45:58

you look at the seams, they are interfering like an electron,

00:46:01

a particle of light, a photon, and acting

00:46:03

like a wave. There was

00:46:07

even a question and answer session there. It was

00:46:09

our conversation.

00:46:13

What are we looking at here? Actually, that ball

00:46:16

We look at the center of the

00:46:17

large objects. Therefore,

00:46:19

when we look at the large objects,

00:46:22

we can see quantum properties depending on what they are. It

00:46:24

must have been a period of 10 years or so,

00:46:27

an astrophysicist came to us and entrusted us.

00:46:29

Well,

00:46:35

they were talking about observing strange waves and they built an antenna, if

00:46:37

I remember correctly, it weighs around 40

00:46:39

kilos. It's a macroscopic thing,

00:46:41

almost as big as us. But

00:46:44

they isolated it so well, and they were

00:46:46

looking at the movement of its center of mass. Okay, and he

00:46:51

said that this movement started to behave quantum mechanically, that is, they

00:46:53

isolated it from the outside so much. Maybe

00:46:56

when you look at the individual atoms and molecules, it

00:46:58

seems classical to us, but

00:47:00

when you look at what it is, it's different. To give an example,

00:47:07

we can see that even the center of mass of a large celestial body behaves like this, and there are some calculations on this subject.

00:47:16

We do not know where quantum mechanics ends, and

00:47:19

when we look at the development over those years, what we see

00:47:21

with measurement is actually what we see through measurement.

00:47:30

Something about the entanglement of the measuring instrument and the quantum system, the increase in the number of particles, and

00:47:31

another thing that comes to mind, which you can call the number of particles, is that

00:47:36

since you are referring to this Nobel text, Bel was

00:47:41

at CERN for some of his work.

00:47:44

Because he is interested in particle physics and other

00:47:47

fields, he

00:47:49

is doing these at the same time. And there

00:47:52

is a story called the socks of a famous Bertan,

00:47:55

with whom he worked. Every day there

00:47:59

are two or three different cars. He wears two different socks on his two feet.

00:48:01

One is green, the other is

00:48:04

red. You

00:48:06

can even see a

00:48:10

picture of it years later. It shows Well, of course,

00:48:13

two is true for the system. It's

00:48:14

like Heads and Tails, as we just said. But if there are

00:48:17

more particles, more

00:48:20

interesting things start to happen. Even

00:48:22

this summer. This is ours, in the science village in Foça. We

00:48:27

had an anecdote about this. One of our students,

00:48:30

I guess I wouldn't give his name. There is

00:48:33

no harm, Ekin knows. My dear, there is a pencil, it

00:48:36

comes and sharpens it like this. You know how chefs

00:48:38

have knives,

00:48:43

there are dozens of pencils in every color, let's think about something like this, let's

00:48:48

take 3 red pencils and 3 green pencils and take them to the back,

00:48:52

same way, which is the super position? It is

00:48:53

not clear what is in the house. This is a

00:48:55

super position. We

00:49:01

call this ghzbalance situation. This is also an

00:49:03

entangled situation. But if instead of 3 of the same

00:49:07

color, you make two of the same color and one of a

00:49:09

different color. So, one

00:49:11

green, two red,

00:49:13

you change its place in the same way, this time the middle

00:49:15

finger is green. Then, my ring finger is green,

00:49:18

if you add three of them, there

00:49:20

is an interesting situation that is shown. It is both

00:49:22

theoretical and what it is,

00:49:27

you cannot turn it into this by touching only one pen at a certain time,

00:49:30

but the other two, for example, everything

00:49:32

can turn into each other. This is also

00:49:34

a method used, that is, as the number of particles increases,

00:49:38

the types of entanglement occur. increasing,

00:49:42

more than one type.

00:49:44

We can think of these as three rings.

00:49:46

These are two types, they can be intertwined,

00:49:49

all of them

00:49:51

can be connected to each other in the same way, when we cut one of them, all three are

00:49:53

separated, this is GHz. And these two are two. So,

00:49:56

with this ring,

00:49:58

I cannot make this ring and then the third face. Unfortunately, I

00:50:00

have two hands that can enter these two.

00:50:02

Think of another ring, if you cut one of them, the other

00:50:04

two remain. This is the one that is green and the other two are

00:50:07

red. This is the second kind.

00:50:10

This is the reason for Ekin Bircan's pen joke. Well,

00:50:16

you may have seen it somewhere in the Nobel text. That GHz is 3

00:50:19

up and three down.

00:50:21

Actually, there is something related to this.

00:50:29

Now, this thing, you know, the

00:50:33

strange thing about the state of entanglement is this. If we want to explain this

00:50:37

thing in a slightly different direction, is it a

00:50:43

natural thing or an artificial thing? Should I

00:50:47

intervene from the outside? It circulates on its

00:50:49

own, they can get entangled and stay,

00:50:52

after all, you know, it is within nature itself. It's

00:50:59

a very natural thing for the particles that emerge as a result of certain processes to be entangled with each other, but

00:51:01

aren't we electrons? Yes, it's this thing. In fact, we just

00:51:04

started like

00:51:08

this in 1926. Well, maybe it's balance like this, and

00:51:12

these guys

00:51:14

noticed it in the helium atom, for example. That's why

00:51:16

entanglement

00:51:19

is inherent in nature. Yes, but of course. The

00:51:22

special situations we are talking about here are

00:51:25

the most practical and most applicable to us as humans. The

00:51:28

interesting thing is that they are also the situations where we push nature into the

00:51:30

corner and try to

00:51:33

find out what interesting properties it has.

00:51:35

So,

00:51:37

well, again, it is within the laws of physics.

00:51:41

Apart from what is natural,

00:51:45

we also poke it and see if you

00:51:47

can do something like that.

00:51:49

Of course, in this way, we

00:51:52

have created a lot of technology.

00:51:54

There is a situation like this, even if it exists in nature, let's

00:51:56

use it. What about the current one? What

00:51:58

I know. There is no such experiment,

00:52:00

we cannot use it. I mean, we

00:52:05

have been trying for weeks.

00:52:12

[Music]

00:52:14

You use entanglements to entangle photons or, I don't know, different particles, but there

00:52:16

are already circulatory systems in nature.

00:52:18

Actually, maybe we can touch something, since

00:52:21

our topic today is Nobel, we can invite

00:52:24

you, for example, Kadir. What the teacher is

00:52:26

talking about is that we have created our

00:52:29

own for our own use,

00:52:31

for example,

00:52:37

in the violation of free unemployment, first the photo is special for the disguise and

00:52:40

his friend does it and then he continues. What

00:52:44

Aspen did is

00:52:48

one of the 3 problems talked about here.

00:52:52

We took out a couple from here,

00:52:54

you know, this is a pair of photons. It's going to go here, it's going to go here, it's

00:52:57

going to make some measurements. Wait a minute, there's

00:52:59

a detector here, there's a detector

00:53:01

here, the detector, this detector here,

00:53:04

how do we know when one photon measures something,

00:53:06

the other one measures the other photon?

00:53:09

Maybe it's

00:53:12

measuring part of another pair, or this

00:53:14

one is going here, while the other one is measuring something. It disappeared on the way, something

00:53:17

happened. This problem is in nature. These

00:53:23

can be used if we know the source, but there are other things

00:53:25

in nature,

00:53:29

the absorption of entangled pairs by two different sources

00:53:32

leads to very interesting results. Maybe there

00:53:38

are things you will discover in the future, but

00:53:41

you may have heard of an idea,

00:53:43

here is the one used for Einstein There

00:53:46

is an abbreviation and there is

00:53:49

also er, Einstein's, they are both the same name, here is

00:53:51

ours who came to Istanbul and Einstein

00:53:55

Roden

00:53:58

Einstein equations in general Relatively

00:54:01

When we solve Corona,

00:54:04

they find the first solutions that we call wormhole today, they are

00:54:07

bridges. These are er

00:54:09

00:54:10

These are in space time. So,

00:54:14

I have to apologize a lot, worm. The

00:54:19

professional name of the hole in our physics literature is Ee Bridge, Einstein

00:54:22

Bridge. If there is an equation called equal to e p r,

00:54:26

this is not an equation, it

00:54:27

is not an equation like Kara, it is

00:54:29

a symbolic equation. The

00:54:34

names of two physicists are mentioned here a lot, this is the thing,

00:54:36

well, it is travel and I am trying

00:54:40

to explain the thing here. They are working. Well,

00:54:42

the relationship between these two distant points

00:54:48

might actually be a bridge wing and a bridge in space time.

00:54:50

What brought them here?

00:54:55

A question about the entangled conductors

00:54:58

in nature that our teacher mentioned earlier. We have an entangled pair that

00:55:00

was formed in nature or in Kadir Hodja's

00:55:02

laboratory. There

00:55:04

's a black hole here, there's

00:55:06

a black hole here, this one eats this one, this one

00:55:08

eats this one, and they keep going, 'lap,

00:55:10

chug, chug,' they both go on, 'What are they going on, they swell,'

00:55:12

but at the

00:55:14

end of the day, what we say at the end of the day,

00:55:16

maybe at the end of the century, they're both

00:55:19

going around a lot and sharing a couple.

00:55:21

It begins And finally, the black hole has very few

00:55:24

degrees of freedom. One of them is

00:55:25

Speed, in the

00:55:27

sense we understand. When we say Spin,

00:55:30

do not think of it as rotation, it is something a little more complicated. There

00:55:35

is a relationship between these. In other words, there is an idea called entanglement between black holes. A

00:55:38

group of scientists even say Well,

00:55:43

they think that we can go from here in the quantum theory of universal gravitation. He

00:55:48

said that he calculated something measurable. Of course, every way is possible.

00:55:50

Therefore, entangled couples in nature are

00:55:52

important. Well, friends, the

00:55:57

reason why Einstein found this so scary is that he

00:55:58

said it was scary,

00:56:01

after all, Einstein was a realist. So,

00:56:04

as a philosophy, even if we don't look,

00:56:08

things are happening. Now, a person who has the philosophy that even if we do not measure that it is there, its

00:56:11

objective reality is its reality, but

00:56:20

there are interesting situations that quantum mechanics says, that is, there is a system.

00:56:22

Especially the Bor side,

00:56:25

if we take it to the extreme, it says; It takes a

00:56:28

piece to the point that any system

00:56:31

has no properties until it is measured, it

00:56:33

doesn't even exist itself.

00:56:37

Isn't this scary in a sense?

00:56:41

Well, we all know that when

00:56:44

Einstein doesn't look at the moon, does the moon

00:56:46

disappear? After that, you know? I

00:56:48

wonder if Quantum mechanics says this, but I

00:56:51

wonder if it says this, I'm not saying this, It's like this, it's a caricatured version of it,

00:56:57

but after all, you know,

00:57:11

Einstein, who has a philosophical position that thinks that those properties are there even if we don't look at the smallest particle at a very fundamental level. Therefore, you

00:57:14

say that it is not like that. At this point, this is

00:57:17

scary in a sense, and another

00:57:23

scary thing is that for Einstein, whom we talked about before, that locality is a very important thing. He based his entire fiction

00:57:30

on the fact that data or the information of any system cannot travel faster than the speed of light.

00:57:31

Thanks to this, you know, a huge change in basic 20th century

00:57:36

physics.

00:57:42

Well, the fact that such a basic principle

00:57:48

can be circumvented by such a method

00:57:56

shows that information can travel at a speed beyond the speed of light. The

00:58:00

Universe is such an interesting thing that

00:58:04

it can slap a person several times. You

00:58:08

look at it like this. It's an amazing thing.

00:58:12

Have you found a method to give information faster than light? You know, you

00:58:14

sit down for that and say, here's the waist inequality,

00:58:17

you do a lot of calculations,

00:58:18

and then it's the same again. The Universe is such

00:58:21

a great player that

00:58:25

we have no way to get information faster than light with this method. I

00:58:31

didn't see that it locks and reveals that it cannot transmit, it is

00:58:40

true that the distance from the distance can also affect the measurement result when we make the measurement here, but the notification to the other party from here was

00:58:44

compared. Nothing happened, or rather,

00:58:46

yes, but

00:58:48

now, for example, if I

00:58:49

want to send information, there must be a Communication Eee

00:58:52

algorithm or a combination

00:58:54

Protocol between us. We

00:58:56

must be speaking the same language. I don't know, we

00:58:58

must do the same purple water thing.

00:59:05

Even if we can see the result of the measurement ourselves when we make a measurement from this side,

00:59:09

let's say we did it here. We decided the coin toss. We got

00:59:11

heads. Now I can be sure of this,

00:59:14

when you make the measurement on the opposite side, I am here.

00:59:16

If I see Turgay, you will see text, I'm sure of that.

00:59:17

But when you try it and

00:59:20

see text, unlike me, you

00:59:23

know I saw Tura, but

00:59:24

we cannot convey information through this, I need my videos,

00:59:26

so I can

00:59:28

explain,

00:59:30

in the second image,

00:59:33

you can actually try it, I

00:59:39

will interrupt you, but

00:59:41

I will say something small, in a simpler language. We

00:59:44

want to send an idea to the other party,

00:59:47

right? Heads or tails, it

00:59:51

knows one thing, Heads it knows something else.

00:59:53

And let's have a situation where these contradict each other.

00:59:55

00:59:58

cannot influence what the result of our own measurement will be.

01:00:00

That's the whole point. We cannot

01:00:03

say that we can see when we make a measurement ourselves. That's

01:00:06

why it appears

01:00:09

on the screens sometimes Unfortunately,

01:00:11

I hear wrong things, that is, quantum space,

01:00:12

show that we can influence this. If

01:00:14

you say this,

01:00:16

you will make one of the biggest mistakes. The result of the experiment is

01:00:19

perfectly random. There is the

01:00:22

most perfect dice in the universe there or there is a

01:00:25

coin flip. It

01:00:28

may be a tour, but

01:00:31

01:00:33

cannot determine what will happen here. Yes, sir. He

01:00:34

said it very well. Actually, there are stories in Morse and

01:00:36

Morse code. There

01:00:38

are also Longs. Now, if I

01:00:40

want to send you information, I want to be able to press long or short.

01:00:44

When I press one of them, you can do it. If you are taking it,

01:00:46

I can teach you the information, but I cannot

01:00:48

press the short or long button myself.

01:00:50

When I make the measurement, short or long

01:00:52

randomness appears. Therefore, it is

01:00:54

not possible to transmit information through this. Let me

01:00:57

connect it and then move on to the experiment.

01:01:01

One of the technologies used is the quantum random

01:01:04

number generator, that random perfect dice. That's what

01:01:07

it was said, that's why there is such a

01:01:10

technology. It has different applications.

01:01:12

Just now, it

01:01:16

looks like a quantum computer. There

01:01:24

is a completely different application in the quantum computer.

01:01:29

Well,

01:01:33

when you think about what it looks like, it's like this. There

01:01:35

is a laser here. There is light coming out of it.

01:01:39

Photons in the light, there are 6 crystals

01:01:42

there, interacting with them and

01:01:44

creating photons. Of course,

01:01:46

we actually use two of them to entangle and create photons, and the

01:01:47

rest of them to

01:01:49

entangle those photos. As I

01:01:51

said, it exists in nature but we

01:01:52

cannot use it. So we have to work

01:01:54

on it because it is very easy.

01:01:56

This is actually a quantum interference experiment. This is actually

01:01:58

entanglement. After that,

01:02:01

after wandering around and receiving the photons, the

01:02:03

source is in the middle. The source is seen here. There

01:02:14

is a source in the middle. The 4 detectors on the left side. Please show me this device. The 4 detectors on the left side make the measurement. I am the detector in the middle. The

01:02:22

side that makes the measurement is the side that makes the 4 effectors on the other side.

01:02:24

Now

01:02:25

we do it here in the same place, but

01:02:27

we do the experiment with the free worker in the future. When you take one of them and take it to the

01:02:29

other end of the universe,

01:02:33

you measure one of them immediately, you will measure the other very difficult, you

01:02:36

can still see the entanglement properties, you

01:02:37

can violate the free labor, that is, locally.

01:02:42

You can show that there is no local reality. In fact, someone who understands this experiment very

01:02:45

well finds the

01:02:53

key distribution protocol in the entanglement plate when we add one classical communication channel in 91.

01:02:55

Eker 91 Protocol Actually, it

01:02:57

works like this.

01:03:01

Classical communication with just one step in between.

01:03:03

In the job my teacher mentioned, they measured it but neither of them know what it is, they need to have a

01:03:05

conversation, they

01:03:06

need to communicate. That's right, without that communication, you

01:03:11

can't

01:03:12

do anything like this, nor can you do anything with key distribution. What does that news

01:03:14

distribution mean? There

01:03:17

were measurement results there, zeros and ones. For

01:03:19

example, let's say My teacher Zafer and my teacher Can

01:03:22

made measurements. If it is zero, the other

01:03:27

side is one and vice versa. Whatever was measured here, the opposite side is the exact opposite or the

01:03:29

same, that is, the correlation is one-to-one.

01:03:31

Therefore,

01:03:34

you can distribute the key without sharing the measurement results.

01:03:36

Because one of the most important problems in cryptography is

01:03:40

to deliver the key safely. This is cold.

01:03:43

Agents were used during the war. For example, it is

01:03:44

not possible now because the need has

01:03:46

increased. A certain part of the world's population

01:03:48

cannot become dry or agents. Therefore, we

01:03:51

need to do this with a different technology, so that the quantum computer

01:03:53

becomes safe against attacks,

01:03:55

and that is quantum communication.

01:03:57

This is actually done with the free unemployment experiment. For example,

01:03:58

it provides us with the test. Other than

01:04:01

that, it

01:04:05

will not enable communication to reach an extraordinary speed. No,

01:04:07

only cryptography provides security here.

01:04:09

Nothing in quantum is fast. In

01:04:11

fact, nothing has been written. I mean, the

01:04:13

quantum computer is

01:04:14

faster than the normal computer. No, the quantum

01:04:16

computer already

01:04:17

works with many dozens of computers. It

01:04:18

can't do any work. But it's

01:04:21

obvious. It's just obvious. Its calculation is like this.

01:04:25

Is it faster with a Ferrari? I don't know if you

01:04:27

plant the field with a tractor. Of course, the quantum computer is

01:04:28

exactly the tractor here, so it only

01:04:30

solves some specific problems quickly.

01:04:32

What is that? Factorization.

01:04:35

What are the factors of 21? 3 to 7 is a very simple

01:04:37

thing, but when it is a 2000-digit number, it

01:04:41

takes hundreds of years to find its factors. Even with very good computers,

01:04:43

quantum computers can do it very fast.

01:04:45

Therefore, in terms of security, there

01:04:50

are 3-5 Algorithms, one of which is

01:04:52

our teacher Zafer's algorithm,

01:04:56

this is something in the algorithms. Actually, the goal was

01:05:02

to find the simplest quantum algorithm in the world. Now, I

01:05:05

would like to go back to it first.

01:05:07

What you did an injustice to yourself is, "Doesn't that

01:05:11

computer do random calculations?" You said it was a

01:05:13

ridiculous question. The question you called that ridiculous question

01:05:17

was asked by the greatest well-known physicists.

01:05:20

The person who discovered the first quantum algorithm was

01:05:24

also a member of the company. He was having a meeting, they

01:05:28

were in front of the board, he was saying something, he found it

01:05:30

in his algorithm, ca

01:05:33

n't it be used in quantum space to solve a problem,

01:05:36

the company says, Well, quantum space

01:05:37

gives random results, so how

01:05:39

will it happen, he says, then he talks about his problem, he doesn't let him talk, and he

01:05:44

also found the Eastern Age algorithm on the board, he

01:05:47

says at birth, he says, that's me. Anyway, the

01:05:49

problem I have been dealing with for about 6 months is there now.

01:05:52

Unfortunately, this Algorithm has found its usefulness and

01:05:55

found its benefit again. The algor is

01:05:57

not a quantum algorithm. Because it can work in a two-dimensional

01:05:59

system, the

01:06:01

Cohenshop Theorem is not valid there, or there

01:06:03

is no free rider, but this starts at 3,

01:06:06

it started from the KCBS inequality in motivation,

01:06:09

Turkey. Such a study

01:06:11

has been done, people get excited. Well, this Context

01:06:13

shows health properties.

01:06:16

It changes with a b or a c. Why

01:06:19

then is there no quantum algorithm here? Then there

01:06:23

was a problem that came to my mind. Actually, all

01:06:25

three of us can do this without using any visuals.

01:06:28

I think the three of us are

01:06:31

six in these chairs. We can sit in this way,

01:06:33

I may forget one of the three.

01:06:35

After I sit down, our teacher Kadir says to one

01:06:36

of the remaining two. There is

01:06:38

one left in each row. Three times

01:06:40

two six is what we call permutation, but

01:06:42

we can do it in two ways.

01:06:45

We get up and get bored. Everyone can turn in this direction and

01:06:48

sit again. We

01:06:50

can also sit by turning in the opposite direction.

01:06:52

We can make 3 of these. We

01:06:55

call these odd and even permutations. I wonder if

01:06:58

someone comes to this question and asks if we can answer which way

01:07:02

we sit, odd or even. If they come and

01:07:06

look at where I am sitting and if I am

01:07:07

in this seat,

01:07:09

they do not see your other friends, I will answer this question both odd and even.

01:07:12

There is a situation where I am sitting here twice,

01:07:14

we cannot do it, we have to look at the second one, that is, we have to look at

01:07:16

which chair at least two people are

01:07:18

sitting on, but

01:07:20

in the quantum space, you can find

01:07:23

this at a single time using a 3-level system like in KCBS,

01:07:29

I think it was 2014 or 15. Algorithm

01:07:32

Well Later, an

01:07:36

experiment was conducted that was close to ten, maybe even surpassed it.

01:07:38

In fact, it was motivated by the simplest quantum algorithm,

01:07:41

but

01:07:44

over the years, of course, it

01:07:47

is not easy to prove these. It came to my mind that you can show that this

01:07:50

can be imitated classically.

01:07:58

I am writing, again,

01:08:02

it may be a very empty question, but it comes to mind.

01:08:04

Well, even if it's idle, we always start from binary,

01:08:06

so like that.

01:08:10

Quantum binary is a marriage, the

01:08:13

simplest one is two, so we used it, just

01:08:16

like we use zero in classical computers,

01:08:17

quantum

01:08:19

computers naturally

01:08:21

use it, but it has a powerful system, it

01:08:26

went wrong, etc. You can do them all like this. The

01:08:29

company is currently on the

01:08:32

way to use ternary systems

01:08:34

in quantum computers. But if your question is

01:08:38

different, let's put it here, the

01:08:41

number of alternatives. We call it dimension. In other words, systems with

01:08:43

two alternatives are 2-

01:08:46

dimensional in 3 months, but in a system with two alternatives,

01:08:50

you can ask many questions

01:08:52

in quantum mechanics, you can ask a question in classical,

01:08:55

writing theory. Here's

01:08:56

scanning my writing in quantum. Is it minted in an even year or an odd

01:09:00

year? My mint in Ankara, the

01:09:02

Mint in Istanbul,

01:09:04

hot or cold, scented, dirty or

01:09:06

clean, a lot. Yes, it's infinite. Let me just

01:09:10

say one thing. The answer to all of these last questions

01:09:14

will be exactly the opposite of the one here, but yes. But there is one thing, if

01:09:18

the number of questions you ask is the

01:09:23

square of the number of alternatives of the system,

01:09:25

that is enough. You

01:09:28

can answer the infinite questions here. So

01:09:30

yes, the number of questions may be infinite, but all

01:09:32

other questions can only be answered. For example,

01:09:35

for the binary system,

01:09:39

what will happen to two times two? Here is 4. The answer to all these questions

01:09:42

If you know the other thing,

01:09:43

you can give all the others in terms of these,

01:09:46

maybe you can answer your question from a different perspective.

01:09:49

In fact, the answer

01:09:50

has already been given, but it is different. You know, creating an alphabet, the

01:09:53

alphabet here is 01. Binali

01:09:55

is being studied, but 6 different types of experimental

01:09:58

entanglement have been observed. So, there

01:09:59

are different studies, here is time-energy

01:10:01

entanglement, here is Momentum correlations.

01:10:04

Polarization is the most widely

01:10:06

used subject. I also worked on it.

01:10:08

4 of them were observed at the same time in a

01:10:11

device.

01:10:14

At most, 4 different

01:10:17

weights of two particles were entangled in 4 different ways. There

01:10:19

is such an experience. Well, Mr.

01:10:23

Öykü,

01:10:25

you have brought graphs.

01:10:30

Can you explain them? What is it? What

01:10:32

is not?

01:10:34

Well, this is

01:10:38

some of the visuals I brought. I don't know if those who got married

01:10:46

can see this on the screen,

01:10:48

but that's what you

01:10:54

see. This is Einstein podolski rousen, that is what I

01:10:58

wrote, the article, and of course, the

01:11:11

discussions on this subject, I

01:11:14

do it in science magazines, they

01:11:17

also complain about not doing it in the newspapers. But on the other

01:11:20

hand, of course,

01:11:22

there is a nice side, I mean, the press

01:11:24

was showing interest in this issue at that time. Yes,

01:11:27

sir, it was

01:11:32

all the newspapers today,

01:11:36

why did you give the physics award?

01:11:46

Yes, but this is it, maybe like this Maybe the

01:11:49

part that is different is not after an award, you know, at

01:11:51

that time, the

01:11:56

next thing on the page is this waist,

01:12:00

what kind of person is it, there was a photo of it etc.,

01:12:06

it was taken in the 1980s in his office, number 0-3, there is

01:12:10

no accelerator as we know, it

01:12:14

will form a part of it. By the way, there

01:12:18

was the right side, this, this, this, this, this, this,

01:12:38

I this, It could be directly from their website. It was taken in the

01:12:46

1980s. On the back side, you see this thing. From

01:12:48

somewhere on the board,

01:12:51

a circle in the middle, we call it a source. From that

01:12:52

source, it goes in two different directions. Those

01:12:55

entangled particles come out, here are

01:12:57

the measurements. By the way, Bel is

01:13:03

a very solid nuclear and particle physicist who has not only studied this subject.

01:13:06

Moreover, he is an interesting person. He

01:13:09

first received his bachelor's degree in experimental physics

01:13:12

and his wife is

01:13:15

also an accelerator physicist. He also has a lot of work related to accelerator physics that he has done together with her. You know,

01:13:19

this guy,

01:13:21

you know, every aspect of physics. We

01:13:27

talked about something that got into his branch from one side, we talked about those socks, there

01:13:34

is an article he wrote about it in 1982 or around 80-82. In the

01:13:36

next image, this thing was drawn by his own hand

01:13:42

when he went to the seminar, his friend

01:13:48

wrote that one of the socks is pink on the left one and the other one is pink. It wasn't rosy, he wrote

01:13:51

like that,

01:13:54

this is the thing,

01:13:58

I didn't focus on these too much because they were the same things we talked about.

01:14:00

Then there is a graph about how

01:14:05

fast or not the article Bell wrote exploded,

01:14:07

this article from 1964 is in the

01:14:09

upper right corner, and

01:14:12

how much he put into this article. It shows that it came

01:14:15

in the 1960s. Yes, that is. Yes,

01:14:18

one by one, in the first 15 years. Well, there is almost nothing, like once every

01:14:22

two years. In fact, there are

01:14:24

some years where it only

01:14:27

has a self-reference. I mean,

01:14:29

I wrote an article like that.

01:14:31

An article similar to this was written

01:14:34

in 1935. Of course,

01:14:42

it says Yes. I mean, we are waiting for a very good and beautiful one.

01:14:45

Then at some point

01:14:47

we realize that it is beautiful.

01:14:48

But of course, now it

01:14:52

has exploded, I think it has the

01:14:56

most horses in the world, at the level of one in 10 thousand. I mean,

01:15:04

one of the most successful works is the one

01:15:10

we talked about in that article.

01:15:12

All of them, for example, the

01:15:15

3 physicists who later received this award.

01:15:19

They say that Einstein was right, right? Of

01:15:29

course, it is really quite a lot to confirm. He believed that Einstein

01:15:33

was right. He believed in

01:15:36

such a thing even more than the waist.

01:15:41

When he wanted to do the first experiment on this, 3 One of them is writing to the person.

01:15:44

Maybe one of them is boom. This is

01:15:47

the one that Zafer Hodja just mentioned.

01:16:53

If you look at this topic, the other one. For example,

01:16:56

here is Zaylin Garan, or this is this,

01:17:01

or this is Aspen's work,

01:17:04

so the University of Vienna will look after the affairs of these people.

01:17:05

I don't know what your

01:17:06

guides are like, University etc. Here are the

01:17:10

guides, here are your own company called Joint Stock Company etc.

01:17:16

Yes, for

01:17:20

a while, he really couldn't touch anything,

01:17:26

he had difficulty finding a job as an academic. And at that time, this was from the

01:17:30

1960s in 61 465, Berlin's first university.

01:17:41

Most of the people who were interested in this subject in a period of 10-15 years, from the time he wrote until the late 1970s, are

01:17:44

such frivolous people of the world of physics.

01:17:51

This thing is number 11.

01:18:01

Well, it is in the image. Friends, they call themselves the basic physics group, they call themselves the physics group with the parliament. And

01:18:09

they teach physics with the letter f, the name of which starts with pH in English. Then one of them

01:18:16

writes a book called "This is the Tao of Physics". It becomes very famous.

01:18:20

You can see this book in the upper right corner. You can see

01:18:22

from their faces how

01:18:27

different they see life

01:18:29

now. Therefore, the person who is in this group

01:18:32

and breathes the crazy air in that quotation,

01:18:36

but in the end still

01:18:45

says that no matter how crazy the ideas are, it is necessary to test them with experiments, becomes a guide. Therefore,

01:18:47

within this team,

01:18:50

science actually allows such crazy ideas,

01:18:55

but that crazy idea He brought it and the

01:18:58

State

01:19:01

took what he tested from him. In other words, he

01:19:03

took it because he refuted his own idea, he took his own

01:19:05

belief, because he produced it, he set

01:19:07

out to say yes, Einstein was

01:19:09

right, and then he did an

01:19:11

experiment to show that Einstein was right, and Einstein

01:19:13

showed that he was wrong, and that's why his

01:19:15

life is in trouble academically, but

01:19:17

now he is here. All my professors,

01:19:20

etc., there are all kinds of technologies in their work,

01:19:26

these may have happened in 65, but think about it, this is

01:19:31

an anecdote from the 90s, I think the

01:19:34

first one was in 92, a student of mine was teaching Quantum mechanics, he

01:19:38

talked about these, maybe

01:19:43

things about his theorems should be like friends

01:19:45

in class, he said, "Why don't we talk about these things?"

01:19:48

Now, there are things to be done in class,

01:19:50

these, these, etc., they were treated as some kind of other,

01:19:52

01:19:58

we couldn't discuss these issues, we were talking about them if there was time or in private. I'm

01:20:00

doing the math,

01:20:03

30 years have passed, this student Alper Dizdar

01:20:09

organized the sciences village in Foça with his friends and that's why we are this

01:20:11

year.

01:20:13

We reserved a place called quantum within the other quotes for

01:20:15

such topics and it was not enough. For example, look, there

01:20:22

is a study that many science historians call the most important theorem after the Bel theorem. The only one is the unheard of PB

01:20:25

Theorem.

01:20:30

These three people show that, let's say,

01:20:34

there is a kind of hidden variable,

01:20:37

that is, the Wave function. Or let's

01:20:40

say it also took the probability that shows the physics of the thing, there

01:20:42

is a hidden variable,

01:20:46

you make a prediction using it, you calculate two different situations, and

01:20:53

you find and compare the prediction of quantum mechanics without this.

01:20:55

If the wave function

01:20:59

is a technical term that is not physical, ancient and epistemic, there

01:21:04

is a

01:21:07

wave there in the past weeks. They show that the function must be physical, it is

01:21:12

a very interesting study, but there is a necessary condition and a

01:21:15

sufficient condition here, that is, if

01:21:17

there is a hidden variable, then these wave functions should

01:21:23

show the physical reality, as Einstein said. He pays

01:21:31

attention to something. I'm sure he's

01:21:33

more concerned

01:21:34

about the quantum issue than you. He

01:21:36

works on the quantum issue. I mean, he

01:21:43

works on mechanics and fields related to daily use.

01:21:55

Actually, there is, but it is

01:21:58

important that this can be brought to the agenda, Nobel is

01:22:00

also included in this, it is

01:22:02

a kind of Capital system. Actually,

01:22:05

I don't want to say Capital system, but it is something that the

01:22:07

system brings,

01:22:09

thanks to quantum technologies. Also, this Nobel

01:22:12

came and thanks to the applications, thanks to the

01:22:14

world-wide applications like our teacher Kadir,

01:22:16

this is a workable

01:22:20

situation. You know, from the other side. Well, now. It can be entered into programs and can be

01:22:23

mentioned in classes.

01:22:26

Well, I had some anecdotes that I experienced as a student,

01:22:28

some of my professors

01:22:32

tapped me on the shoulder and made

01:22:35

statements that could mean "You know, leave these things alone".

01:22:37

Now, I guess there

01:22:40

were people who said "Maybe it's wrong for me to study."

01:22:48

If you ask,

01:22:50

it is difficult to define it in one sentence. But we talked

01:22:52

about many of its features. For example, it is

01:22:55

a theory of probability, but the most important thing is that

01:22:57

when we are not looking at the moon, we said, is there something?

01:23:03

It is necessary to think together about measuring with the system, that is, measuring with the object.

01:23:05

In physics, in classical physics,

01:23:08

we think of this separately. There is an absolute reality, there

01:23:10

is an object here. and

01:23:13

we look at the position and speed of that object. Anyway,

01:23:15

it is necessary to say this. Well, different measurements,

01:23:18

you measure something, then you measure something else,

01:23:21

if you look at your measurement again, its value may be different. These are

01:23:23

things that do not exist in classical physics. These are all

01:23:25

features of quantum mechanics. But

01:23:27

among these, there is a third item that we talked about at the beginning, which is Its

01:23:30

feature

01:23:34

changes depending on what else it is measured with. This determines all of these.

01:23:36

In standard education,

01:23:38

only

01:23:40

this mathematical system and its time

01:23:43

evolution are talked about. Measurement is close to none, you

01:23:46

know, we don't say okay, it's okay, but you measure it, ultimately it comes out.

01:23:52

I would like to make an addition at this point.

01:23:58

It is thought that there is a system in the standard quantum space, that is,

01:24:00

you are measuring and this

01:24:03

system has possible results. One of them

01:24:05

will come out for sure. This is

01:24:08

an idea that was actually put forward in the 60s, again it

01:24:09

belongs to Ahanda and his friends, and it was later

01:24:12

determined in the 80s. There

01:24:14

is something we call weak measurement.

01:24:17

For example, you will see whether something coming from the opposite direction is vertical

01:24:19

or horizontal. Well, if

01:24:22

you can't look exactly, think of a bar

01:24:25

magnet like this. There are a lot of

01:24:27

tiny, tiny, atom-sized

01:24:28

magnets in it. We

01:24:30

observe that magnet on the magnet, everyone

01:24:32

has played with the magnet, but that magnet does not deteriorate, what we

01:24:34

call the eye. However, each atom is an

01:24:36

atom quantum system, but it does not break down.

01:24:39

Because there is a magnet. Why is there a magnet? The

01:24:41

answer to this is actually

01:24:43

this method, which we call weak measurement. This is also

01:24:45

New. It has just been put into practice. Apparently,

01:24:51

I guess it is a subject that has not yet been included in our books.

01:24:53

[Music] is a matter of

01:24:57

understanding what it means. What

01:24:59

you mean is important,

01:25:01

but let me tell you something, no matter

01:25:03

what book you open about the double stripe experiment,

01:25:05

it says something like this:

01:25:08

What we sent here is either a

01:25:11

particle or a wave. Whatever it is, it is a particle or a wave if we look at which hole it

01:25:13

passes through. If

01:25:16

we look at the interference pattern, it is a

01:25:19

wave. Let

01:25:22

me ask another question. So I'm checking

01:25:24

these types of systems for all III things.

01:25:28

There's a double slit here. There's a screen in front of it. Let's

01:25:31

ask a third question. Does

01:25:33

it fall on that screen?

01:25:37

This is a third alternative and it's neither a

01:25:40

particle nor a wave. For example,

01:25:43

when you look at it passing through this hole, it's

01:25:46

black. or white, they have the same probability of falling on the ground

01:25:48

or if

01:25:49

you look at any of the black and white, they have the

01:25:53

same probability if you look at which hole it goes through. This is the third

01:25:55

question that is not asked, a third

01:25:58

alternative and the probability of this is 1/2

01:26:00

1/2 So something that goes through a hole is

01:26:02

1/1 through the slit. What I mean is that 2 goes up, 1/2 goes down, if

01:26:06

you take this third alternative,

01:26:13

it is possible to understand the double slit experiment in a simple way, because the classical equivalent

01:26:15

of this

01:26:18

gives a relationship with the differences of these probabilities, a sphere, it

01:26:22

is related to polarization in the classical system, the same is often true in the quantum.

01:26:25

We see such things in pictures,

01:26:26

quantum bits are not 01 anymore, they are spheres,

01:26:29

this is actually

01:26:31

a feature that we see in classical waves, even in electromatic waves. Well,

01:26:34

it boiled down there, but it got stuck.

01:26:38

I took a note. You said Selena

01:26:40

transport. What is the train? What

01:26:46

we see is matter

01:26:49

moving from one place to another, but in practice

01:26:52

something equivalent to it is

01:26:53

a quantum state here, for example,

01:26:56

on that sphere, mathematically,

01:26:59

where is the North Pole, it is not limited to the South Pole, it

01:27:01

can be anywhere, it can be

01:27:04

taken and taken to another place, but

01:27:06

as Kadir Hodja just mentioned, you know, in the

01:27:08

Second World War. I guess it's over,

01:27:10

it's not physically transported, but it is

01:27:13

sent through the quantum channel.

01:27:16

Imagine something like this. There is a complex

01:27:18

toy here. I think there is no Lego deming teacher. We

01:27:20

disassemble it, we transmit every

01:27:22

particle we disassemble to the other party

01:27:24

by phone.

01:27:26

Our friend there

01:27:29

puts all of these from the newly opened box and does the same thing.

01:27:31

At the end of the day, he is in his hands. There is one here

01:27:34

but ours is ruined, we have returned now, we

01:27:36

can't rebuild it, the parts are still there,

01:27:38

but we forgot that information, we didn't

01:27:41

write it down anywhere. You know, the

01:27:43

standard story is that when you open the toilet, you can't

01:27:51

usually turn it off.

01:27:59

There is a lot of talk about the electrode about this. The

01:28:00

oppressor comes and does this experiment.

01:28:07

There is a physicist called Asherpes in the team that makes the theoretical suggestion like the one you have. It appears in the newspapers,

01:28:10

like the one before, a journalist like Einstein comes right away and

01:28:14

asks. You send it from here to there. He

01:28:18

says, "With this method, does the soul also go?" In other words, he says matter goes there,

01:28:23

only the soul goes there.

01:28:26

Because in a sense, the

01:28:28

physical matter here does not go to the other side, the

01:28:30

information here, in a sense.

01:28:39

Maybe we transfer the data to a CD, isn't it the same with classical information? In

01:28:45

this sense, the information on the ground can be transferred from one physical environment to another environment.

01:28:46

Now, maybe only if

01:28:48

a small addition

01:28:51

is made, I left out the

01:28:55

basic particles. They are all the

01:28:57

same, that is, there is no feature that distinguishes an electron

01:28:59

here from an electron here.

01:29:06

All electrons are the

01:29:07

same. Therefore, when you measure the

01:29:10

quantum properties of the electron here and

01:29:16

transfer those properties to a distant electron, you effectively

01:29:18

send that electron to the other side.

01:29:19

Because there

01:29:24

is no distinguishing feature of knowing them as particles, the

01:29:26

only difference between them is in which

01:29:29

quantum state they are. When you

01:29:31

read the information from one place and

01:29:32

put it in another, effectively

01:29:35

saying "I teleported it" is not a faulty thing,

01:29:42

that is what the teacher humorously explained by saying "I sent it with spirit", that is, there is something else that makes it interesting that that electron

01:29:45

is that electron.

01:29:49

After that, I took it and brought it here,

01:29:51

teacher, it is what you said. It's

01:29:55

not a photo taken to examine his hernia.

01:29:57

A physicist who looks like him is sitting there with a pro in his hand. He

01:30:11

looks like Belin from a different era. Belgaha is young. His old photo is probably there before the photo. So it could be that

01:30:16

the person who looks like him is another physicist.

01:30:19

Yes, but when you look at it, it definitely looks

01:30:21

like his radio. a little more

01:30:23

tidy su jaco a little less bandit-

01:30:26

like type Well, we will pause a short commercial and

01:30:28

continue

01:30:31

[Music]

01:30:39

Yes sir, we have an interesting audience, he

01:30:41

asks scientific questions, but he starts every

01:30:43

scientific question

01:30:44

with Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

01:30:45

again,

01:30:46

bismillahirrahim is

01:30:49

the difference between measurement and mathematics. what does

01:30:53

mathematics measure?

01:31:26

Belin himself does not expect that experiment to be possible

01:31:29

in his article or when he does his calculations. Therefore, we

01:31:37

actually

01:31:41

have something that mathematics gives us. What can I prove? mathematics.

01:31:42

If you have a physical system, if

01:31:49

you have created internally consistent mathematics about that system, that

01:31:51

mathematics It turns inside and allows you to make predictions about

01:31:54

what other features that system might have,

01:31:55

but

01:31:57

so far, that is, mathematics only

01:32:00

brings you here. In order for this to be science, that is, for it

01:32:05

to go further, that prediction

01:32:07

needs to be tested by someone.

01:32:15

I couldn't explain how I asked the question, maybe there was

01:32:17

an error there.

01:32:20

I've been thinking about something like this lately,

01:32:21

especially regarding theoretical Physics.

01:32:26

Can you prove anything in mathematics from theoretical physics? I

01:32:29

mean, after all, mathematics has a certain

01:32:32

number of basic assumptions, I say action,

01:32:34

then we create a structure to see what we can deduce from their harmony with each other and

01:32:39

what we can do using our logic.

01:32:40

Therefore,

01:32:43

You

01:32:46

If you start with different starting points, you can get other results,

01:32:49

but this is a strong point. By

01:32:53

the way, if you want to do science right now, you

01:32:54

need exact mathematics

01:32:56

because those are the main electrons that can express this complex structure of the universe. It

01:33:10

means that it will be true, for example, we got it from here,

01:33:12

mathematics happened like this, therefore we cannot

01:33:14

say that the Universe should be like this, we have been saying this for ages. By the way, well, well, there

01:33:24

is a point that modern science has now clarified. Well, no matter how intelligent you

01:33:26

think you are as a human being, the Universe will

01:33:33

slap you like this somewhere. Yes, that's why we have the foresight

01:33:35

for something to be science.

01:33:51

Can you please tell us how to make something come to life for the depressed?

01:35:10

Of course, this measurement is

01:35:14

related to how we can put the magnets. Now, if we

01:35:16

put the magnets like this while the particle is coming, it

01:35:18

goes up and down like this. But

01:35:20

I can put these magnets like this, and when I

01:35:23

put them like this, this time it

01:35:24

goes left and right. Or I put it at a 45 degree angle, it can

01:35:27

go like this or that. Well, the

01:35:29

interesting thing is, no matter what we do. When we make

01:35:33

the measurement at certain angles on one side and at the

01:35:35

same angle on the other side,

01:35:38

if we change the gap very

01:35:41

quickly. All these things

01:35:46

are included in the different tests of epre. Well, it will change very quickly.

01:35:49

How can it be? Here, we put one at a certain

01:35:51

angle. Oh, I don't know,

01:35:53

we put one at 10 degrees, the other at 30 degrees.

01:35:55

Well, when we take the measurement of the ones that go with 10 degrees,

01:35:57

how will the 30 degree one be

01:35:58

affected,

01:36:00

all of these have mathematics in EPR

01:36:02

and that already makes it interesting, I mean

01:36:05

we only put two like this. This means down and this

01:36:08

means up. It is not interesting that we can calculate

01:36:10

how the other side will be affected when we change the angles,

01:36:13

I don't know. As my teacher,

01:36:16

there is an algorithm of those angles,

01:36:22

you can violate the maximum free unemployment in certain configurations.

01:36:24

By the way, I defended inequality because it is

01:36:27

a theory that tries to show what Einstein actually said. Actually,

01:36:32

therefore, it is talking about violating what he wants for free.

01:36:34

Actually, it

01:36:36

is not a Nobel thing, it is

01:36:37

freebies. Yes, maybe it is because of where it is used.

01:36:40

If we think about it,

01:36:43

isn't something actually quantum? That's at least what the

01:36:45

experimenters do. Is it quantum or

01:36:47

not?

01:36:49

Are there quantum correlations between two particles?

01:36:52

Yes, we use it to test.

01:36:54

This is what we do in cryptography and imaging. It

01:36:58

can be used in many different places in different calculations, but the essence of the matter is. Is

01:37:00

n't it quantum or not, you know,

01:37:02

we use it to filter it. There

01:37:04

is a separate discussion about it too,

01:37:06

I can't remember the name of it right now, instead of quantum, that is,

01:37:12

entanglement. He was using another expression right now, that is, there

01:37:15

was harmony other than entanglement. discord discord. Yes, there

01:37:21

is such a philosophical discussion there too, but there is a Sailors very We don't get into the philosophy,

01:37:24

we use it as a filter, is it quantum

01:37:26

or not? It's quantum. Ok, the main

01:37:27

cryptography was done well. I

01:37:34

don't know, it did imaging. The photons coming from the other side are real. Our entangled photons are entangled photons. It's not a thing. You know,

01:37:36

fake photons come to us from the other side

01:37:39

and they don't try to deceive us. We

01:37:40

use them as support. Well,

01:37:44

as far as I see, one of the main issues is actually

01:37:46

Engineering, from this point of view, there

01:37:51

is a need for very intense engineering knowledge to determine all these, that is, physics says something,

01:37:54

but to prove what it says is right or

01:37:56

wrong, to measure it, to measure it and turn it into data, turn

01:38:00

it into healthy data and

01:38:02

see you again and again.

01:38:04

Applied Physics and Engineering

01:38:07

Yes, yes, these experiments are being carried out, it

01:38:08

is being shown, the story is still not over.

01:38:11

After that, this is Einstein's ten. You know, those

01:38:13

who have a realistic stance, those who

01:38:17

defend reality, there is still a difference.

01:38:19

Smokes say, for example, our thing

01:38:22

would be something in the presentations, it is said that we have

01:38:25

violated you there, but here there is a

01:38:28

I mean, did you turn off the measurement dupon? I turned off the

01:38:30

locality dupon.

01:38:32

There were 3 basic loopols, that is, the looper

01:38:34

means an open door. I mean,

01:38:37

you are talking about something here. But there

01:38:39

is an open door there too. So, look,

01:38:40

it came from there. I do

01:38:46

n't know if we can call it a loop or an open door.

01:38:47

I translated the Turkish as open door. Maybe there

01:38:49

is a better expression right now. The

01:38:56

issue is open to debate, that is, loopol

01:38:58

was also closed on the same experiment. The

01:39:01

Nobel Prize was not awarded to you for free until this happened.

01:39:03

Maybe it could have happened before. Because

01:39:04

Discussions were still going on. Therefore, at the

01:39:06

end of the day, it depends on everything. Well,

01:39:12

when there are no technological limits, what can we do, it is

01:39:14

not impossible to do science, I mean theoretical

01:39:16

physical. It actually shows us the way.

01:39:24

Now

01:39:26

it's like a song lyric, but there was something like that, if

01:39:30

you look at it, can

01:39:33

we show it to the full screen if you want, you

01:39:39

know, since there is a banned tobacco

01:39:43

substance, let's say it is the type used by Che Guevara, it

01:39:48

was covered up.

01:39:50

Only the lack of freebies, these are the

01:39:53

gaps we talked about. These are different when they are captured in the experiment.

01:40:00

Someone, this thing is what we

01:40:03

call Lagrange, well, it's

01:40:06

a physical size

01:40:08

system related to the vector field, it calculates how the electromagnetic field

01:40:11

will go, I guess what happened here over time, something

01:40:15

like a magnetic monopole, I see something

01:40:17

like a magnetic big thing there,

01:40:22

these are the gaps here, the reason why I say the discussion does not end here is

01:40:25

because There is one that says it is not possible to eliminate it.

01:40:34

Maybe there is no such thing as free will, that is,

01:40:36

we made a choice and

01:40:38

we cannot do it, but

01:40:41

I will say something about thought experiments.

01:40:46

You have been creating many theoretical studies and thought experiments in this field in

01:40:49

these years, right before and after a while.

01:40:51

It could be realized, one of them is

01:40:56

a crazy

01:40:57

thing that seems to be a Paradox type, this thing we just talked about is

01:41:00

the theory of Ahano and his friends, Quantum mechanics in two times.

01:41:02

So, you make a preliminary selection, there

01:41:04

is your state vector, and

01:41:06

after a while, in the final state, let's

01:41:08

measure on this cluster? What do you do? Do

01:41:10

you know what the result is? First

01:41:12

they put it forward theoretically. Then the experiment

01:41:14

was done. 3 box parody. Think of 3 small

01:41:16

boxes.

01:41:19

You put a particle in them. You know, take this money, take

01:41:20

this money, you put the money in the game.

01:41:23

Normally, what happens is, one of them

01:41:25

comes out and that's why. You take the money, there

01:41:27

is a quantum version of this,

01:41:30

you show it in the experiment,

01:41:34

you open the first of the 3 boxes in the same way, it

01:41:39

comes out from there. When then, but until when does the second one always come out from there,

01:41:42

that is, just as one comes out from here every time you open it,

01:41:44

both of your tools

01:41:46

come out from there. This is possible. All of them

01:41:48

have it, but the third one doesn't. No, there

01:41:51

is definitely one, but it comes from a piece of knowledge. It

01:41:53

doesn't work. Yes, when you look at the ground, it comes from one to

01:41:55

two. When you look at it, it turns out to be two.

01:41:57

But these three boxes coming from the top are

01:42:00

not paradoxes.

01:42:02

Let's pay attention to the word Paradox. What is meant

01:42:04

here is paradox, unless it is

01:42:08

something that surprises us when we look at it from a classical point

01:42:11

of view. It's

01:42:13

like a paradox, it's a real paradox, it's not real. There's a

01:42:16

paradox,

01:42:19

sir. This is for the waist test. Optical mechanisms. What is it? In the

01:42:26

example we just talked about, there were particles like electrons that we sent to the magnets.

01:42:33

When we say optical mechanism, maybe it's something that my teacher can explain more easily.

01:42:40

The option where we do the same thing with electronics.

01:42:44

Number 7, 777 ah ah,

01:42:51

actually the mechanism you see here

01:42:54

was a complex experimental setup.

01:42:55

This simplified version is actually

01:42:58

something like that. It is the simplest version of your machine, it

01:43:22

does not have similar features, it was already made 40 years

01:43:24

ago,

01:43:30

but I mean, of course, the detector efficiencies are

01:43:33

very low, so there is a world of problems.

01:43:37

There is also something like this in physics

01:43:39

when we try to do it today.

01:43:43

For example, you are watching a video right now, right

01:43:46

? A transfer is happening.

01:43:48

You plan to transfer this cryptographically,

01:43:50

so you have to send a lot of photons and

01:43:52

communicate with them, or, I don't know, you

01:43:56

have to measure you for free. But on the other side, It's a

01:43:58

proof of principle, that is, it's free. You

01:44:00

can say, "We did it once, okay, we saw it." Yes,

01:44:02

so it is done on a much simpler scale, the

01:44:04

version there, that is, what is

01:44:06

wanted to be done now and what was intended to be done then is

01:44:07

a little different.

01:44:08

Of course, in fact, this is what you just said and what

01:44:11

I, Mr. Zafer, slightly

01:44:14

objects to. It seemed to do so, but I would like to

01:44:16

underline one more thing that I would like to object to. You

01:44:17

mentioned the engineering side of this.

01:44:19

Now, there is something like this, the physicist does not just

01:44:21

do the calculations and then go on.

01:44:25

Yes, physics is an experimental science.

01:44:28

Therefore, there are also experimenters in it.

01:44:30

Now, at the first stage, we have an idea in theory.

01:44:34

Then, physicists come to test it.

01:44:36

They use devices that didn't exist at that time,

01:44:39

or the cutting edge of the existing technology, to

01:44:49

see how genius it is. So, let me use it in some way so that I can start testing it from the edge. They do that. After a while, when they try it on that subject,

01:44:51

after they progress well, they slowly move on from there to

01:44:54

something else. It moves from Applied Physics to the

01:44:57

Engineering side.

01:44:59

Therefore, the guide

01:45:01

is an experimental physicist. Well,

01:45:49

you all can go and

01:45:56

work in the laboratories of a science institute with the best technology institute in the world. You are already

01:45:58

very close to many of these guys.

01:46:02

But still, we are left with a pessimism, wondering why these things are

01:46:04

not happening in Turkey.

01:46:05

What happens is, I take your question

01:46:08

as follows: experimental study. Of course,

01:46:11

now we have just mentioned the example in the theoretical field.

01:46:13

In fact, in a sense, the brain

01:46:15

can solve problems that it cannot solve.

01:46:17

Many things can be done in mathematics, but well, it is the experimental

01:46:28

field. Let's be because this is

01:46:34

not actually a Nobel that was given with technological perception. For example, could experimental

01:46:36

studies or similar experiments be done?

01:46:39

And it could have been done then,

01:46:41

we need to look at it. The answer to your question is

01:46:46

where we are today in the application of experimental physics, for example,

01:46:48

where are we in quantum technologies?

01:46:53

Can we, as Turkey, make three systems of evil at two levels?

01:46:55

Can we intertwine these in quantum

01:46:57

communication or

01:47:00

simulators? There are four main topics like

01:47:02

this, we need to look at where we are in these. There

01:47:06

are very few examples, one of those examples

01:47:09

is here, but what I

01:47:14

mean is that we need to work in parallel on different physical systems.

01:47:17

For example, there are systems based on light photons,

01:47:20

superconducting systems. We

01:47:25

have a friend who works patiently on this issue, but this

01:47:27

does not happen with one person or a small team.

01:47:30

Maybe we need to make programs for a certain purpose,

01:47:31

maybe

01:47:33

follow national strategies. For example, I am the representative of Turkey in this

01:47:36

European Union quantum committee Network

01:47:39

period quantum moment

01:47:40

there every month.

01:47:45

We come together with representatives of European countries and other countries,

01:47:47

you see something, for example,

01:47:49

the system that Europe is trying to create in the world, the

01:47:51

superconducting system. While there

01:47:54

are other things like optics, they focus on cold atoms for example, there

01:47:58

are alternatives to do such things, it is not just one country,

01:48:02

maybe countries in these areas. Interdisciplinary

01:48:04

collaboration is also included in this, but

01:48:06

most importantly, experimental

01:48:09

work, applied physics and engineering, and

01:48:13

these are now side by side.

01:48:17

There can be such interdisciplinary walls between them. This

01:48:20

is not something I have seen only in one institution. In my

01:48:22

academic life of nearly 30-40 years, it has been

01:48:26

in all our universities. Unfortunately, this is

01:48:28

something that can happen. There

01:48:31

are engineers and physicists across the doors. You

01:48:33

see, they are not aware of each other. Well, in

01:48:36

some places, for example,

01:48:39

we are a mixed faculty,

01:48:40

these walls can be demolished a little, but this is

01:48:44

something that will take time. Cooperation is

01:48:46

in our culture. Well, my most difficult teacher is

01:48:49

here. Now, we

01:49:37

have done the study. The progress of basic sciences in Turkey is

01:49:41

around 10 people from different branches.

01:49:44

One of our teachers said something very clear about

01:49:47

Aziz Sancar,

01:49:50

about Aziz Sancar, so much time has passed, he

01:49:52

told him a number, I do

01:49:54

n't remember now, it's that many millions of dollars

01:49:56

or maybe it's in the seal with them, I can't remember. He

01:50:01

looks at it from that perspective because it was spent, he says;

01:50:03

In order for him to get there, he

01:50:06

was given so much support from the state, private and other sources. He

01:50:08

worked for so many years. All these come together,

01:50:10

experience, laboratories, etc.,

01:50:13

and then such a product comes out. It

01:50:15

might or

01:50:16

might not have happened, but it comes out,

01:50:18

after a certain investment, at least commercial

01:50:20

products come out. Therefore, the other job

01:50:23

is that we, as scientists, are on this

01:50:25

cultural path of working together a little more,

01:50:28

but the other Of course, the

01:50:30

main thing is the support given for the application is

01:50:34

a basic support, so now it is always a product, a

01:50:38

commercial thing, often patent

01:50:40

traces, this is

01:50:43

in terms of application and Engineering. Yes, but this is very important in basic science.

01:50:47

Look, when Zayninger came, I

01:50:52

think it was at the very beginning of his speech in Istanbul, he said, "I did all these

01:50:54

things out of curiosity, that is,

01:50:57

I will find this, I will make such a device from here, he

01:50:59

will market it like this, the

01:51:00

technological level will not be like this, it

01:51:03

will happen, it will be done by a team, but

01:51:05

Curiosity and seriousness like that, airman, it's

01:51:09

not about curiosity, it's about actually understanding a prayer.

01:51:14

01:51:19

have a lot of proverbs about the disasters that can happen to people who are curious. But

01:51:20

they don't care about us, do they come up with inventions? Is it

01:51:22

available in another language? Is there

01:51:26

something you want to interject about this? Who does science, for example,

01:51:29

who

01:51:33

discovered the one that broke science? Did we, the ones working in the experiment,

01:51:36

find it? Or are the

01:51:39

physicists who did that experiment and the engineers who built the accelerator together, it is

01:51:51

very easy to create heroes, it is

01:51:56

very easy to say that Einstein did this, it is actually

01:52:00

societies that do science, we are the ones who do this, you know.

01:52:02

For example,

01:52:04

when I hold this glass, I say my fingers are holding it,

01:52:06

but actually there

01:52:07

is a hand behind those fingers. Therefore,

01:52:11

II You know, when society embraces science, let's

01:52:15

wonder, let's

01:52:17

tamper with things II, when it says that the tax I give to them

01:52:20

is valuable, then

01:52:23

the doors start to open in a different way.

01:52:26

Kemal, the society

01:52:28

does not worry about its products, its products, it is an

01:52:33

ecosystem, I mean, you have to keep people there, the

01:52:37

part that Zafer said before. I do not agree,

01:52:45

investment. I think a center, a laboratory, Central Institute, they already exist in Turkey, they are not used, they are used efficiently. I think investment people should be made to invest certain

01:52:48

people. I don't know,

01:52:50

think about whatever is necessary, work here, that is, if he

01:53:00

leaves that job and goes somewhere else due to certain restrictions, those

01:53:02

who leave constantly

01:53:04

provide opportunities, that is,

01:53:06

people need to hold together. For example, let me

01:53:08

give an example, recently, 5 professors

01:53:12

founded a quantum computer company in Silicon Valley, 478 million

01:53:14

dollars. An investment has been made.

01:53:16

It is not even clear whether a quantum computer can be made.

01:53:18

These men also know money, they say

01:53:20

why did they invest this money in Silicon Valley?

01:53:37

I won't go into things, osuroscopes, crazy things like that. It's

01:53:45

a very true statement. The thing is, the

01:53:48

printout of this photo is very

01:53:51

important. The output of this photo is important.

01:53:53

In terms of victory issues in the World War,

01:54:00

the Germans made the rocket. For example, they

01:54:03

did the first thing. They did it to the jet engine.

01:54:05

Maybe they couldn't do it at home. They did it. The other one

01:54:08

makes the atomic bomb, so they all have a

01:54:10

printout. As a result, when you look at it, there

01:54:11

were other outputs from there, then

01:54:13

deep into science, that science

01:54:15

was a government thing, I

01:54:19

guess this is an important thing.

01:54:21

Now, for example, we understand that it's like saying "Oh, we're doing it", but

01:54:26

we're not doing it. Actually, we're doing it, I mean, we're doing some of it.

01:54:28

But, we can't make the camera,

01:54:32

so Germany. They don't make phones in India, but it's not

01:54:34

like that at all, but in

01:54:37

certain things, for example, in India,

01:54:40

in the field of software, for example,

01:54:43

in Turkey, for example, there are 6 good software programs,

01:54:44

unicorns, if I remember correctly,

01:54:46

good things are being done. Yes, good

01:54:48

things can be done,

01:54:50

creating a group of people on certain subjects and these people. It

01:54:53

produces something,

01:54:55

when you can keep the right group of people together and

01:54:57

invest in those people, those

01:54:58

people teach something.

01:55:00

We are not just saying different things here. So this is, if

01:55:03

someone buys the osiroscopes and

01:55:06

does nothing, that is, it is the wrong investment. What

01:55:08

we mean here, I think, is for

01:55:12

both of us, and maybe for all of us. I think that

01:55:15

something should be approached to certain themes,

01:55:22

something should be done and of course there should be some realism here, well, if you

01:55:26

say that we will build a highway from here to the moon, this

01:55:29

should not be supported, but there may be other things, there are people who

01:55:31

believe in this, they are the ones who believe that it can happen,

01:55:37

everything is possible,

01:55:40

politicians, you are here,

01:55:42

sir. Should we

01:55:45

build a quantum computer? Something like this

01:55:47

is happening. I am

01:57:05

worried about that. Quantum computer is a team work. By the way, we just said something, but actually it is a parallel thing, I think it is a different type of issue. I mean, since I am a teacher, he

01:57:08

does not respect me anyway. I don't know what Professor,

01:57:09

these are not important, don't respect your title. It

01:57:12

exists in Turkey, I don't

01:57:13

mean that,

01:57:16

you are just someone who does something interesting and for them, for

01:57:18

the Americans, you say that you must

01:57:21

be doing something important,

01:57:23

I don't know what will happen, but he is doing something important.

01:57:24

Why? Because he says you are a physicist, that

01:57:26

is. A way of looking. How did this happen? Of course,

01:57:30

all of these are

01:57:33

research topics in Sociology. Well, in a sense,

01:57:38

even if it is not science, the

01:57:41

scientist is shaped by the society. The

01:57:43

rest is shaped by the collection of things that the scientist does. It is

01:57:51

necessary to ensure that the wheels of this mechanism are actively turning. That is why, for example, even this is

01:57:53

useful. I mean, Even the program you are doing right now

01:57:55

clearly shows that these are interesting

01:57:58

things. You know, when you

01:58:00

leave here this evening, or when you

01:58:02

go to bed, you feel sleepy. If you

01:58:08

can leave this place thinking that I didn't understand anything this teacher said, but it means it is an important thing, then it is an interesting thing.

01:58:12

If people can be divided because the technology can be released, it is

01:58:15

actually an indication that we are moving in the right direction.

01:58:16

So,

01:58:22

when you do something important, we are trying to

01:58:24

show people that something important is being done. Have

01:58:25

patience, sir.

01:58:28

Thank you very much. You are the

01:58:32

second person to say this.

01:58:39

They told me this before in India, at the last conference before the pandemic, about

01:58:41

the experience of this algorithm. The group that did it first

01:58:43

invited me. Right now,

01:58:45

I said, I wish it had been CHP. After you mentioned it, I

01:58:48

will say it now.

01:58:52

[Music]

01:58:53

[Laughter] It has had

01:58:59

around 500 billion dollars for years, it is

01:59:03

not bright, it cannot go to space,

01:59:06

you know, your luck fell on the rocket, it

01:59:09

would have been better,

01:59:18

even if you could spare time for us. We

01:59:20

also thank you for this. We

01:59:23

talked about quantum this evening. Those who understood it understood it, and those who did not

01:59:27

understand it did not understand. I am this evening by those who do not understand. But as

01:59:30

I said, they definitely

01:59:36

did something important. The father of our guests must have done something important in the fields. They took it like this. They

01:59:42

made the world more livable.

01:59:46

By the way, they will eat this now or later. Shall

01:59:49

I tell the young people too? You

01:59:51

can't be serious about choosing a school like this. We can

01:59:57

go there. You

01:59:59

have to worry about being a clergyman, but it's really

02:00:01

hard to be a scientist. If you really want to do something useful for the world,

02:00:06

you'll cook meals that will be remembered for a long time. Please study, go to

02:00:09

our schools, go to science high schools, it's

02:00:11

important, go to well-established schools.

02:00:14

Go to universities and try to go to universities. The

02:00:16

effort of going will help your eyes a lot,

02:00:18

but please don't

02:00:22

think about it just because it's fashionable today,

02:00:25

things are not like that at all. Life doesn't go like that.

02:00:27

Goodbye, see you tomorrow.

02:00:30

[Music]

Description:

2022 Nobel Fizik Ödülü alan çalışma ne ortaya koydu? Einstein neden yanıldı? Bell eşitsizliği nedir? Einstein neden "Tanrı zar atmaz" dedi? Yazı tura atmayı fizik nasıl açıklar? Kuantum fiziği ne işe yarar? Kuantum internetin farkı ne? Parçacıklar nasıl iletişim kuruyor? Fizik şans kavramını nasıl açıklar? Parçacıklar nasıl iletişim kuruyor? Kuantum fizikte ne durumdayız? Fatih Altaylı soruyor, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi - TENMAK NÜKEN Ens. Başkanı Prof. Dr. Erkan Özcan, Özyeğin Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Öğretim Üyesi Dr. Kadir Durak, Sabancı Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Zafer Gedik Teke Tek Bilim’de yanıtlıyor. Tarih: 10 Ekim 2022 "Gücü Özgürlüğünde" Doğru Haber, Dinamik Sunum, Kaliteli Program, Güçlü Yorum Haberturk TV YouTube Kanalına Abone Ol ➤ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn6dNfiRE_Xunu7iMyvD7AA?sub_confirmation=1 ➤ http://twitter.com/HaberturkTV ➤ https://tv.haberturk.com/ ➤ https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser ➤ https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser ➤ https://www.youtube.com/HaberturkTV

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