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Генеральная прокуратура

Российской Федерации

Генпрокуратура

Нюрнбергский процесс

Александр Звягинцев

00:00:09

The Middle Ages were on the outskirts here, they love

00:00:12

this place, they

00:00:14

avoided the executioner’s house,

00:00:18

they say that it was here that

00:00:20

the saying was born, don’t complain about the life of the executioner,

00:00:26

several centuries later, in 1945, in

00:00:31

this city, other executioners were tried and much

00:00:34

more seasoned ones who tried to bring

00:00:37

the world to its knees

00:00:40

Nuremberg

00:00:42

spring 1946 nations number two Reichsmarshal

00:00:47

Hermann Goering was

00:00:48

killed right in the courtroom during a

00:00:50

meeting of the international tribunal

00:00:52

in front of the prosecutors, judges and

00:00:55

lawyers, the

00:00:56

Soviet prosecutor Roman

00:00:59

Rudenko, like an indignant one, killed him, grabbed a

00:01:01

pistol and shot Goering right here

00:01:05

in the dock,

00:01:06

this news was published on April 10,

00:01:10

1946 by the newspaper stars and stripes

00:01:12

the news of who was shot spread across

00:01:15

post-war Nuremberg, it was obvious, but

00:01:18

many believed it, they knew in the hall of us 600

00:01:21

where the leaders of the Third Reich were tried,

00:01:24

anything could happen

00:01:43

in this courtroom, the last

00:01:45

battle with Nazism was really unfolding, the

00:01:47

battle of documents, evidence, don’t worry,

00:01:54

Rudenko had no room for error from

00:01:57

Moscow, the process was closely watched by the

00:01:59

father, or success and well-deserved

00:02:03

recognition, and the second option, what

00:02:06

is called the head off your shoulders, get up and

00:02:09

the prosecutors and judges there was no complete

00:02:11

unity for the allies of France,

00:02:13

Great Britain and the USA, Soviet lawyers were

00:02:16

strangers,

00:02:17

but the Nazis almost always acted as a

00:02:19

united front,

00:02:20

furiously denying their guilt they hoped to

00:02:23

escape from the trial

00:02:24

those who killed without trial and investigation

00:02:26

now appealed to Themis the Nuremberg

00:02:29

trial lasted almost a year prosecutors

00:02:32

came from the USA

00:02:34

Jackson from the UK show cross from

00:02:38

France to Minton in the dock

00:02:41

21 accused three escaped this fate

00:02:45

clay committed suicide borman disappeared without a trace

00:02:48

and he was tried

00:02:50

in absentia, the circle was seriously ill, there was all sorts of

00:02:54

mistrust and misunderstanding, confrontation between

00:02:57

the special services and provocation, scandals and

00:03:00

revelations, how they still managed to

00:03:02

win, tip the scales to their

00:03:04

side, because this process

00:03:07

was impossible to predict, I’m taking off

00:03:17

the bell, drag it,

00:03:19

it looks like you’re at home. month a diplomat and a lawyer

00:03:23

what do they have in common besides a passion for fishing

00:03:28

Nuremberg we remembered your father

00:03:33

we opened a museum but without anyone the process

00:03:36

almost every year as you know I

00:03:38

visit them

00:03:40

they ask for copies of documents that

00:03:42

appear there it would be nice if you

00:03:45

took the time and drove up there typical the

00:03:57

beautiful Bavarian city, don’t cut it down

00:04:03

then, lay in ruins, but it was to it that the

00:04:06

attention of all the girls was riveted

00:04:18

November 1945, the beginning of

00:04:21

Hitler’s trial among the accused, no, he committed

00:04:24

suicide when the Red Army entered

00:04:26

Berlin, the successor figure was considered Nazi

00:04:28

number two,

00:04:29

Luftwaffe chief Hermann Goering, he was not considered

00:04:32

himself guilty and called on everyone

00:04:34

from 30 minutes to the end we carried out the order

00:04:38

obeyed Hitler for this act you

00:04:41

cannot blame me I did not

00:04:44

plead guilty I do not admit the charge

00:04:48

I do not plead guilty

00:04:50

no to Rudenko’s personal security guard Joseph

00:04:56

Hoffmann is almost 90

00:04:58

he lives in Poltava and heads the

00:05:01

anti-fascist organization the most impudent

00:05:03

was of course there was when they brought him in he

00:05:07

would have asked for an American blanket to overpower it would have

00:05:11

been hard to sit

00:05:15

when Protsenko began his opening

00:05:17

speech he or articles vdo took off his headphones

00:05:25

for the first time in my life I found myself in Nuremberg

00:05:28

for me these were paintings coming to life

00:05:31

it’s difficult to put into words these are all the

00:05:34

sensations, emotions that I experienced,

00:05:42

I will leave to decide, you will

00:05:47

have to

00:05:50

sit here and think about how it was here 70

00:05:53

years ago grand opel then, unfortunately, in a

00:05:56

very deplorable state, here

00:05:59

yesterday all the participants in the process

00:06:03

and investigators, prosecutors gathered here and

00:06:07

ported the people 3

00:06:09

Vyshinsky he came and Gradov clearly

00:06:11

leggings, however, the city of Berg, on

00:06:14

Stalin's instructions, was the main one

00:06:17

responsible for bringing the children's

00:06:19

process, directing from strokes, the former

00:06:22

USSR prosecutor Vyshinsky reluctantly accepted the

00:06:25

fact that the center of attention was the

00:06:27

young prosecutor Rudenko

00:06:29

in this role, he probably saw himself, after all, it was

00:06:32

Vyshinsky in May 45th increase in

00:06:34

Berlin the text of the act of unconditional

00:06:36

surrender of Germany father is he 38 years old

00:06:41

he is here the main prosecutor from

00:06:45

the Soviet Union Neringa

00:06:46

in Moscow on the instructions of Stalin a

00:06:48

special commission was created to monitor the

00:06:50

work of the Soviet delegation at the

00:06:53

Nuremberg trials

00:06:55

Vyshinsky personally monitored everything and kept the situation

00:06:58

under control special and constant control

00:07:00

when Vyshinsky arrived at the trial, the

00:07:03

Soviet delegation arranged a reception in

00:07:06

honor of his arrival, everyone was drinking, the translation

00:07:11

was delayed while this

00:07:13

Vyshinsky was getting up and everyone was drinking and the women

00:07:17

were put out to talk about what and what

00:07:20

everyone was waiting for from the courthouse in the year

00:07:23

straight to the grave and everyone had time to drink before

00:07:26

after this toast was translated to them and then they

00:07:30

were horrified that it would start in the press, that the

00:07:33

American and English and French

00:07:36

prosecutors before the start of the trial were actually

00:07:39

drinking to ensure that everyone was executed more and

00:07:42

when is anyone preparing for that, it’s

00:07:44

definitely you women, you should have

00:07:46

known from your lawyer the Nazis chose the

00:07:57

best specialists from all over Germany, their

00:08:00

services are paid for by the USSR and the allies, as well

00:08:03

as the search and delivery to Nuremberg of

00:08:05

documents and witnesses for the

00:08:08

defense from the very beginning, the Americans are trying to

00:08:11

dictate their own rules, witnesses must

00:08:14

swear on the Bible and all judges wear

00:08:17

monti, the Soviet delegation is of course against

00:08:19

us, we have different rules processes, but the main

00:08:23

discrepancy is how to judge in our system of

00:08:34

law, the trial is preceded by a

00:08:36

preliminary investigation,

00:08:38

then the accused is made acquainted with the

00:08:40

evidence collected against him by

00:08:42

the indictment, this allows one to

00:08:45

prepare well for the defense; the

00:08:47

main thing was seen in the USA. Jackson did something

00:08:51

like a shock when he learned that the Russians

00:08:55

insist on conducting a

00:08:58

preliminary investigation. quite sad and

00:09:00

despondent and didn’t even understand why this

00:09:03

was done why open the cards from

00:09:06

our allies it is customary to judge otherwise the

00:09:09

accused actually in court learns about

00:09:12

all the evidence collected against him the

00:09:13

Anglo-Saxon

00:09:15

legal system I don’t know the preliminary

00:09:18

investigation there the court meets

00:09:20

lawyers the prosecutor there is a battle where a judge

00:09:22

would only appreciate all this and the

00:09:33

Soviet criminal process is

00:09:35

more democratic than the American Stas and I

00:09:39

think that this was a very fair

00:09:42

interest and the prosecutors collected many thousands of

00:09:46

documents in the process the son was heard in

00:09:49

total more than 400 witnesses

00:09:51

when near

00:09:59

Nuremberg it is difficult to judge what

00:10:02

the father was going through while in the city

00:10:04

the situation was very tense, not

00:10:07

only in terms of the attitude of the prosecutors, the

00:10:10

allied powers of the German bar, but at that

00:10:13

time relations with Moscow were also

00:10:15

difficult. On

00:10:19

December 12, 1945, Rudenko received

00:10:22

a telegram from Vyshinsky

00:10:24

urgently Moscow is dissatisfied with what the

00:10:27

accused Goering allows you a

00:10:30

few days before the newspaper but the

00:10:32

zeitung also published an interview with Goering,

00:10:34

which he gave to American journalists

00:10:36

right in prison, a list of questions was

00:10:39

given to him by a lawyer, he also wrote down the answers

00:10:42

knight in captivity, an innocent martyr, this is

00:10:46

his image to replicate Goering Rudenko

00:10:49

demanded that the accused be prohibited from

00:10:51

giving interviews

00:10:52

tribunal protest Rudenko accepted Goering

00:10:56

no

00:11:04

without our vampire

00:11:07

when I entered the courtroom and I had

00:11:10

the impression that I had traveled back in time.

00:11:15

Moms

00:11:20

turned another million into the German state's

00:11:23

instruments of their speeches. The terms of the

00:11:26

trial were initially dictated by the Americans,

00:11:28

because Nuremberg was in their zone of

00:11:31

occupation.

00:11:32

Relations between the main prosecutors from the

00:11:34

USSR and the USA, Rudenko and Jackson, were

00:11:38

strained. Jackson believed Russians are

00:11:40

biased, he himself, unlike Rudenko,

00:11:43

did not travel gunpowder and did not see the war, he

00:11:45

judged it only by papers, here in

00:11:47

this place in December 1945, an

00:11:52

event occurred that almost promised the 2nd

00:11:54

delegation of the Soviet Union and the United

00:11:58

States of America

00:12:00

at about 12 o'clock at night the same thing in the dark, a

00:12:04

code that served the Soviet delegation drove up to the grand hotel; a

00:12:14

man suddenly ran up to the car and

00:12:16

shot the deceased ferre; a Soviet

00:12:19

soldier before his death, he managed to say that the

00:12:22

shooter was wearing an American uniform; he

00:12:25

ran away there; something happened at the stations; the crime

00:12:27

remained unsolved;

00:12:30

American journalists decided that the target of the

00:12:33

criminal was ruby. after all, a

00:12:35

Russian prosecutor must drive a luxurious captured car, they

00:12:38

drive Judge Jackson either in a

00:12:41

Fuhrer limousine or in

00:12:43

Ribbentrop's Mercedes, but who is the killer who wanted to

00:12:47

quarrel with the main prosecutors from the USSR and

00:12:49

the USA who want us,

00:12:51

for example, the surviving sfc they did not

00:12:54

unload to enter the courtroom and

00:12:56

take hostages prosecutors and judging by

00:12:59

this reason, the curtains in the hall were always

00:13:02

tightly drawn, of course, there we

00:13:04

were, the American intelligence services, this

00:13:06

English intelligence service, ours and the

00:13:08

French, everyone was acting there, everyone was

00:13:11

watching everyone, however, one of the main

00:13:14

secret operations of the USSR, the allied intelligence services

00:13:17

still missed

00:13:20

February 46, a car is rushing through Nuremberg

00:13:23

the man in the back seat is the

00:13:25

main trump card of the Soviet prosecution,

00:13:28

captured in 1943 near

00:13:30

Stalingrad, Field Marshal of the Third Reich

00:13:33

Friedrich Paulus, he is going to testify

00:13:36

against his own, as my father

00:13:40

Mirin Bernie told me, it had the effect of a

00:13:43

bomb exploding, if only everyone thought

00:13:47

that Paulus was dead on

00:13:52

February 3, 43 in the third the Reich was

00:13:55

declared national mourning

00:13:57

at the coffin, Hitler said a heartfelt

00:13:59

speech about the exploits of Paulus, who died at

00:14:01

Stalingrad, a

00:14:02

sad Goering sat next to the Fuhrer,

00:14:06

was buried along the street

00:14:08

as a hero and Hitler put a diamond in his personal coffin,

00:14:16

but the coffin was empty, Paulus was buried

00:14:20

in absentia, Hitler considered it better to die than being

00:14:24

captured by the Russians in front of a large crowd of

00:14:28

people, he was buried and thus,

00:14:31

knowing everything, the entire world community

00:14:33

learned that Pauls had killed

00:14:42

and Paulus lived in Russia, he was saved for the

00:14:46

trial of the main

00:14:48

Nazi criminals, on which

00:14:50

the USSR had insisted since 1942,

00:14:55

the idea of a secret delivery of the strip that was

00:15:01

being developed in Moscow also

00:15:04

belonged to

00:15:05

my father in Moscow, they were very surprised at

00:15:08

this proposal,

00:15:09

he didn’t tell me about it. tags novel but he was

00:15:13

supported, including Vyshinsky,

00:15:16

although they had a very difficult

00:15:17

relationship,

00:15:18

then Stalin said that the responsibility

00:15:21

will be on you, comrade mole,

00:15:24

and that’s how pauses appeared in Nuremberg,

00:15:29

only he could confirm that the plan for a

00:15:32

surprise attack on the Soviet Union

00:15:34

Barbarossa was developed long before

00:15:37

June 1941,

00:15:44

after all, the Nazis claimed that the threat

00:15:46

came from the USSR and they were just

00:15:49

waiting for a blow,

00:15:57

we weren’t born a fascist,

00:16:00

his sailors’ skin, he can’t hide his own,

00:16:04

leave, the

00:16:06

chairman of the tribunal asked you the dog,

00:16:09

how long will it take you

00:16:12

to deliver Paulus from Moscow,

00:16:14

Greenberg, my father’s answer was succinct, I

00:16:18

think that a few minutes

00:16:25

last, the moment of truth has come, it’s one thing

00:16:28

to give testimony on the street in Moscow and

00:16:31

another thing peace in bergen

00:16:33

in your homeland under what

00:16:36

circumstances the Beletsky sinus if

00:16:43

Paulus had declared that he did not recognize the

00:16:47

testimony that he gave in Moscow they

00:16:49

were because you were strong

00:16:50

then this is what is called head off shoulders

00:16:54

I didn’t understand the question he looked at Paulus

00:16:58

when he was asked the question do

00:17:01

you confirm these testimonies that were given in Moscow the

00:17:05

answer on the street was before confirms

00:17:10

ask this pig Goering squealed

00:17:13

for the whole hall after it was just Paulus did

00:17:15

he receive Russian citizenship, he

00:17:17

understands that he is a traitor

00:17:19

like you, I personally concluded when he was

00:17:21

that he cursed the faithful and the cartel

00:17:24

for the chief of staff and cursed them then

00:17:29

no year to all the peoples of the world Presley’s

00:17:47

father saw all this with his own eyes,

00:17:50

well, for a short time, but this is but he

00:17:54

himself asked to go to the front in

00:17:57

1941, of course, for him it was all

00:18:01

real,

00:18:02

he clearly imagined what

00:18:06

these criminals did,

00:18:16

Roman Rudenko grew up in a large family,

00:18:18

Arman Andreevich’s older brother

00:18:20

Ivan died during the liberation of Krakow,

00:18:23

the other Anton was seriously wounded when

00:18:26

he fought in a partisan detachment, the

00:18:27

third brother Nikolai ended up in concentration camp,

00:18:30

despite torture, survived although at the end of

00:18:33

the war weighed only 48 kilograms,

00:18:36

each of the Soviet delegation had

00:18:40

personal scores with the Nazis, my

00:18:43

grandparents and they dug alive into the ground, it

00:18:52

seemed to me that I couldn’t come up with

00:18:56

such teachings in hell

00:19:01

and shod with my mind that

00:19:06

the creation of the fascists in our language,

00:19:17

Sergeevich, I know that Ulin borders, your

00:19:20

parents drank this bitter cup of

00:19:22

war and blockade, and parents and parents of

00:19:25

parents were residents of besieged

00:19:28

Leningrad,

00:19:29

grandfather died right at the machine, died of hunger,

00:19:32

how many then died in besieged

00:19:35

Leningrad, what is happening today

00:19:37

today we see attempts reconsider the

00:19:41

history of the Second World War,

00:19:44

the role of our country, the Soviet Union, the

00:19:48

red army in the victory over fascism, the

00:19:51

Nazi collaborators, and some are trying to

00:19:54

recognize them as freedom fighters, then in

00:19:59

1945 in the forty-sixth year, in the euphoria of the

00:20:01

great victory, it seemed to the people of their

00:20:04

older generation that this brown

00:20:07

plague had sunk into oblivion forever

00:20:09

indeed, evil has not been destroyed,

00:20:11

it becomes even more sophisticated

00:20:17

after the Nuremberg Tribunal,

00:20:19

12 more small trials took place, they were no longer

00:20:22

international,

00:20:23

but they also convicted the Nazis, among

00:20:26

other lawyers and doctors,

00:20:29

Benjamin Terrence told me that

00:20:32

meetings were coming up when he was already over 90 years old, he

00:20:35

was the main state association what was most striking about

00:20:38

these processes was

00:20:39

during the process of the

00:20:42

absence of the defendants once to and

00:21:00

go optional and the entrance cut off wall

00:21:03

here was 4 and the

00:21:06

famous wing which held the main

00:21:09

war criminals of the

00:21:19

80s bloody prison was demolished

00:21:22

to make room and a new one fell to

00:21:24

build from itself not envies this wing

00:21:30

was closest to the eastern building

00:21:33

it was the shortest route in the courtrooms of

00:21:37

600 the

00:21:44

accused were brought one at a time on

00:21:47

this elevator

00:21:57

one of the reasons why the trial

00:22:00

took place in Nuremberg

00:22:01

was that the prison was located next to the

00:22:04

palace of justice

00:22:05

this made it possible for

00:22:07

the accused to be well guarded there like kupikupon

00:22:11

there was another reason, it was

00:22:22

in Nuremberg in 1933 that the

00:22:26

first congress of the Nazi party took place after its

00:22:28

arrival, the tail

00:22:30

city in which Nazism was born should

00:22:33

become the place where it will be condemned and

00:22:35

buried, here are the

00:22:41

collisions, the failed hopes of the

00:22:46

Third Reich

00:22:52

in 1935, the figure laid the first in the foundation of this

00:22:57

coliseum the stone, according to the plan,

00:23:01

was supposed to be twice as large as the Roman one,

00:23:05

it was here that they planned to hold

00:23:08

party congresses from all over Germany,

00:23:10

the best granite was delivered for the Colosseum, but the

00:23:13

cysts did not have time to complete the main symbol of the Rui, the Hamas, that’s how it

00:23:18

all ended, abandoned,

00:23:21

grown up, pitiful current, the inside out, Nazism, and it’s a

00:23:38

ceremonial façade.

00:23:46

and now here the German

00:23:48

men and women are on fire

00:23:55

and there they are holding dog shows the

00:24:06

attack of Germany after the appearance of

00:24:11

Paulus in the courtroom the triumph of Rudenko in

00:24:13

Nuremberg they discussed everything Vyshinsky also

00:24:16

did not stand aside decided to congratulate

00:24:18

Roman Andreevich and personally then the whole

00:24:22

delegation was sitting raised the fat one

00:24:24

I am raising this o for our allies in the

00:24:28

victory over Nazi Germany for the

00:24:30

United States of America for

00:24:32

Great Britain, thereby he hinted that the

00:24:36

French capitulated very quickly, did not

00:24:38

offer any resistance to help the

00:24:41

Soviet Union, the French got up and

00:24:44

left, but that’s how they left ns case and it seriously

00:24:47

flew in and flew away, the mole remained and that’s

00:24:51

all it was impossible to disentangle a quarrel with

00:24:53

Vyshinsky Rudenko was too

00:24:56

important person beetles the marshal of victory in

00:25:00

1945 was with Stalin 11 times and Vyshinsky

00:25:05

will try 55 to 55 times this suggests

00:25:11

that on the one hand the

00:25:13

delusional will become very important not to

00:25:15

gangster processes and literally

00:25:19

everyone chose step or was it big before

00:25:22

and above naturally Vyshinsky irritated

00:25:31

Rudenko a lot, especially contacts with the

00:25:33

Americans, because the relationship between Rudenko and

00:25:35

Jackson’s prosecutor had

00:25:37

noticeably warmed up for some time now,

00:25:38

everything changed in one incident in the winter of 46,

00:25:42

Rudenko reported that one day

00:25:44

American soldiers were warming themselves by the fire,

00:25:46

kindling the flame with the documents of the Soviet

00:25:49

delegation intended for the

00:25:51

Nuremberg tribunal, the team's speech,

00:25:53

of course, was very indignant,

00:25:55

informed Jackson, Jackson was shocked,

00:26:00

they expected a scandal, but the child acted

00:26:03

very masculine, the nose allowed that the

00:26:05

documents were insignificant, this scandal

00:26:08

was exhausted,

00:26:10

Jackson appreciated and it was very important

00:26:14

that they worked as prosecutors almost

00:26:19

will be carried away by

00:26:27

the sea sux Jackson's personal security guard later

00:26:30

recalled Jackson enjoyed

00:26:32

coming to visit Roman Andreevich

00:26:35

this DNA was at home they sat for a long time

00:26:38

discussing something

00:26:40

Jackson learned that for Rudenko this was not the

00:26:42

first trial of the Nazi

00:26:43

invaders

00:26:48

1st trial Roman Andreevich held in

00:26:51

October forty third year, immediately after

00:26:52

the liberation of Kharkov,

00:26:55

where, with the participation of the press,

00:26:58

openly and publicly announced both the

00:27:01

charges brought and the

00:27:03

perpetrators were convicted

00:27:11

in Nuremberg, Jackson received Rudenko in

00:27:13

his luxurious mansion

00:27:15

where the American prosecutor was accommodated

00:27:17

during the trial, showed the tennis

00:27:20

court, old piano park, car, once an

00:27:23

American, sympathetically I asked a

00:27:25

Soviet colleague how do you manage your

00:27:28

small delegation

00:27:29

completely in an American 600

00:27:33

translators we have work led by a

00:27:39

group of Soviet translators Evgeniy

00:27:42

Hoffman an interesting detail the heavenly

00:27:44

trial was attended by three people

00:27:46

named Hoffman in one room gathered

00:27:50

Hitler’s personal photographer the personal security guard of

00:27:54

the state prosecutor from the

00:27:55

Soviet Union Rudenko and the head of a

00:27:58

group of Soviet translators 7 or one

00:28:00

surname buff yes and the game runs Hoffman is

00:28:03

my uncle and again not any international

00:28:10

negotiations are difficult to imagine without

00:28:11

synchronous changes and for the first time it was

00:28:14

used in Nuremberg

00:28:16

not everything went smoothly 4 languages imperfect

00:28:20

technology lack of qualified

00:28:22

employees the Nazis used this

00:28:25

for At every opportunity, sitting in the

00:28:28

dock and Girin and Ribbentrop and

00:28:32

Kaltenbrunner they tried to confuse the

00:28:34

interpreters of the prosecutors, once

00:28:37

Hermann Goering’s lawyer used the word

00:28:39

without then speaking about the advance of the Red

00:28:42

Army to the west,

00:28:43

this word has two meanings: occupation and

00:28:46

occupation of territory, translator Evgeniy

00:28:50

Hoffman accurately defined what does

00:28:53

Inga mean while the door explained the ruby to the result, he

00:28:56

immediately protested and made up not

00:29:02

bad memories and Guinevere lights

00:29:04

Hoffmann, here is part of these memories and that

00:29:08

they are decaying

00:29:09

and asked them to pass on after the well-aimed elk

00:29:12

after 20 years they have such a story of the

00:29:16

Soviet night they are struggling to translate the speech of

00:29:20

Rudenko’s assistant from Russian into

00:29:21

English for the judge of the tribunal; time is

00:29:25

running out, too,

00:29:26

and so they don’t sleep for days, American

00:29:29

Colonel Duster, the head of the translation department, at

00:29:31

Rudenko’s request for help, throws up

00:29:34

his hands anyway; Princess Tatyana Vladimirovna Trubetskaya won’t make it in time by the morning;

00:29:41

she allowed a group of Russian

00:29:43

translators who worked under the auspices of the

00:29:46

Americans to the French and when

00:29:49

she heard this conversation she said access the

00:29:52

Russians will figure it out themselves for the first time since

00:29:56

1917 2 Russias united in the name of a

00:30:00

common goal the Soviet department

00:30:02

has significant documentary

00:30:05

materials that will be presented to

00:30:09

the courts On February 19, 1946, a

00:30:13

Soviet documentary was shown in the courtroom

00:30:16

la the deeds of the Nazis, these shots speak

00:30:18

for themselves

00:30:27

I am a soldier I did not look at death in the eyes

00:30:30

What I saw in the film was not terribly

00:30:37

scary it was for everyone, both the defendants and the judges, the

00:30:40

crackling of the cinema apparatus is drowned out only by the

00:30:43

sobs of those present

00:31:20

when it ended only the stratage then the hall of the

00:31:23

r-ra minutes five silently

00:31:29

the only one who was not speechless was

00:31:31

Goering this production the Germans

00:31:34

could not do this the

00:31:35

Russians dressed in our uniform and

00:31:37

killed their own

00:31:39

in this hall I remembered at the schools

00:31:42

OSAGO squeezed him with his beloved and this 57

00:31:48

kilometers Lublin was a cat glorifying the

00:31:51

Maidanik the scouts of the shaft burst into me

00:31:54

sperm in this then I am

00:31:57

6 carabs of concrete there is grass there is no place where

00:32:01

each box of 200 people was kept

00:32:05

undressed and then at the post they allowed

00:32:12

troubles there and pumped and cried at once

00:32:15

thousands of people were immediately destroyed, we found

00:32:19

barking Rick Castries burning human affairs

00:32:23

and the entire territory was covered the evil

00:32:27

man,

00:32:30

after the showing of the Soviet film, Rudenko

00:32:32

Jackson had a long conversation without

00:32:34

witnesses, the American prosecutor

00:32:37

could not come to his senses from what he had seen, not

00:32:40

only he, even his party comrades

00:32:42

declared a boycott of Goering, and former

00:32:46

Foreign Minister Ribbentrop asked the

00:32:48

court for permission not to wear a tie anymore

00:32:51

painfully reminiscent of a noose around

00:32:57

Sergei’s neck, the woman came up with the idea of starting

00:33:00

teaching about the interpretation of the London

00:33:02

trial not only in schools but also in universities

00:33:06

why did you have this idea

00:33:10

mainly because ignorance or oblivion

00:33:13

in the history of oblivion of our past is often

00:33:17

very expensive for humanity,

00:33:20

you need to carry and use everything possible

00:33:24

tools to

00:33:28

stop attempts to revive Nazism, I

00:33:31

would first of all like to thank you

00:33:33

for the fact that you, as a historian,

00:33:38

are doing a lot of work to

00:33:39

polarize this knowledge, we talked

00:33:42

about the fact that this is extremely important,

00:33:47

dear colleagues, being prosecutors and judges of

00:33:51

Blavatsky justice, having cleared 10 years ago

00:33:54

in this hall the main trial of humanity took place,

00:33:58

what does this mean for us

00:34:00

living today, that there

00:34:04

is no statute of limitations for crimes against humanity, that all

00:34:06

Nazi and fascist collaborators must

00:34:08

certainly be convicted,

00:34:10

but here is one interesting photograph, you

00:34:13

don’t recognize anyone in this woman, I recognize

00:34:15

mine Mom,

00:34:17

this is amazing because what I know is that,

00:34:20

on the contrary,

00:34:22

my mother was waiting for my father in the villa and that

00:34:26

he did not return until twelve at night. The

00:34:33

author of the film managed to find the villa in

00:34:36

which the

00:34:37

prosecutor Roman Rudenko lived during the trial. The author

00:34:41

found the address in the archives of the offender in Strasse

00:34:43

33.

00:34:50

the very place where

00:34:54

numerous guests of this house came here,

00:34:57

delegations from the United States of

00:35:01

America, Great Britain and France came here

00:35:04

when Alexander Yakovich Bikintsev

00:35:08

invited me to sit by the fireplace where my father was sitting,

00:35:11

I sat down and felt the homely environment of the

00:35:15

boy and his mother, sometimes they remembered how

00:35:18

she was waiting for him at the villa then that there

00:35:21

was a close person next to him throughout the

00:35:23

entire process,

00:35:24

this is a great thing, they lived for

00:35:27

almost 50 years together, the

00:35:35

spring of 1946, dozens of witnesses, hundreds of

00:35:40

evidence, thousands of printed pages of

00:35:42

translations, everything is behind ahead, the final

00:35:46

battle would seem to be the end for the Nazis, but

00:35:49

the unexpected happens

00:35:56

March 5, 46 in America futa not

00:35:59

Winston Churchill made a short speech

00:36:01

for only 15 minutes but they turned the world upside down

00:36:05

the main thesis

00:36:07

communism is a threat to the West we must

00:36:10

fight it it was a signal for the beginning of the

00:36:12

Cold War and when the

00:36:15

famous full Tang speech was made here at the same

00:36:17

time the children in the dock were not

00:36:20

very happy at last - then he

00:36:22

said directly with gel, well, now there and

00:36:25

we’ll break it up. For three days, a

00:36:31

painful silence reigned in the judges’ room, no one

00:36:33

understood what to do next, but common sense

00:36:38

prevailed, everyone temporarily forgot about

00:36:41

politics, they understood otherwise the Nazis could

00:36:43

escape punishment, the

00:36:45

decisive moment was approaching, the time for

00:36:47

cross-examinations I I was a witness

00:36:53

when he interrogated others, good

00:36:56

Jackson, the chief prosecutor, amelie, smart

00:37:00

people, full of it, everyone pestered him, but

00:37:05

he had little, otherwise the indicators

00:37:10

were not the only thing, Goering skillfully

00:37:13

used other people’s weaknesses more than once

00:37:15

told his comrades that the prosecutor

00:37:17

from the United States, Jackson, likes to show off and

00:37:20

gives in to the pressure of his opponent,

00:37:22

his members were hammered and he threw the folder on the

00:37:26

table, I refused to

00:37:29

further stitch it, I believe

00:37:35

Jackson was a fiasco, Jackson was very

00:37:38

worried, he was unable to defeat the

00:37:41

arguments of Geringer, but the hour was approaching

00:37:45

when

00:37:47

our state prosecutor was kind enough to speak, he

00:37:50

spoke after Jackson, my colleagues of the

00:37:53

prosecutors from The United States of

00:37:55

America,

00:37:56

Great Britain and France have already presented the

00:37:59

court with letters of sand and irrefutable

00:38:01

evidence. Rudenko got used to

00:38:04

Goering’s antics during the long months of the trial. Roman

00:38:07

Andreevich worked out the tactics of action

00:38:09

against him, he interrogated him for four days

00:38:14

and forced him to confess to those

00:38:19

atrocities that Sasha Mince from the

00:38:22

American Zetta 1 wrote that Ira

00:38:29

dna was outraged by the tactless behavior of

00:38:34

confidently leading him and shot him and when the

00:38:37

next day they asked this

00:38:39

American correspondent they asked but it’s a

00:38:41

lie and he’s a bastard cool and the meaning but

00:38:44

from the murderous machine-gun questions of

00:38:47

your state video that

00:38:48

it was easier for Goering

00:38:50

well and then they remembered the proverb useful

00:38:54

that be afraid of the horse behind bk

00:38:58

in front of the American journalist from all

00:39:02

sides as a criminal who

00:39:09

appeared before the court conveyed to

00:39:11

humanity the final speech Roman

00:39:22

Rudenko made on July 30, 1946 on

00:39:26

his birthday

00:39:27

one of the first to congratulate him was the prosecutor

00:39:29

Jackson the court retired to a meeting

00:39:33

it lasted a whole month the Nuremberg

00:39:37

tribunal and did not judge only the leaders of the

00:39:38

Third Reich, but also its political

00:39:41

system, ideology, criminal organizations, the

00:39:44

USSR, the Gestapo, Kan gave a harsh assessment of the

00:39:47

Nazi collaborator, abolished the statute of

00:39:50

limitations for crimes against

00:39:51

humanity,

00:39:52

determined responsibility not only for

00:39:55

those who carried out criminal orders,

00:39:57

but also for those who gave them, and the

00:40:01

principles of

00:40:03

international rights became decisive

00:40:05

in the work of the United Nations organization

00:40:08

and this was the merit of our lawyers who

00:40:11

participated in it. The Armenian tribunal on

00:40:15

October 1, 1946, the

00:40:19

announcement of the verdict of the international

00:40:22

military tribunal of

00:40:23

three Nazis was completed, Papa’s mine and Fritzsche were

00:40:27

acquitted, the Soviet side insisted

00:40:30

on a harsher sentence, and therefore

00:40:32

filed to the court a special document

00:40:34

dissenting opinion lawsuit about something else, the kika will steal

00:40:37

the palette the punishment was such justification

00:40:40

imprisonment for various terms the death

00:40:43

penalty 100 thousand this indicates

00:40:45

that the court made efforts to

00:40:47

make a

00:40:48

differentiated assessment the

00:40:54

acquitted refused to leave the prison an

00:40:56

angry crowd was raging in the street

00:40:59

agree with the lenient decision of the tribunal they

00:41:02

were placed on the third tier in cells with

00:41:05

open doors

00:41:06

seven sentenced to different terms of

00:41:08

imprisonment were transferred to the second tier

00:41:10

11 including Goering Ribbentrop and

00:41:13

Kaltenbrunner were left on the first floor

00:41:16

they were awaiting the death penalty

00:41:25

October 15, 46 the

00:41:28

sound of hammers echoes through the prison corridors of American

00:41:31

soldiers

00:41:32

They are completing the scaffold in the gym, they are knocking

00:41:35

clearly, as if measuring out the

00:41:38

last minutes of their lives for the condemned,

00:41:40

someone is praying, someone is demanding

00:41:42

a sedative, Goering is suspiciously

00:41:45

calm, a couple of days before the execution, he submitted a

00:41:48

request to replace hanging with execution,

00:41:53

hanging,

00:41:54

this shameful execution, we did not take execution,

00:41:57

but hanging Goering received a refusal,

00:42:02

and the result, as we know, was

00:42:06

his suicide a few hours before the

00:42:09

execution,

00:42:15

Liam, where the pipe

00:42:17

was located with a pond, it was in it early in the

00:42:20

morning of October 16, 1946, they were executed,

00:42:24

sentenced,

00:42:37

nah, I then the hall was used for a

00:42:41

variety of purposes, including making

00:42:44

picart and punishment there and In

00:42:50

1953, after the death of Stalin, Roman

00:42:53

Andrei is looking for Rudenko became the

00:42:55

Prosecutor General of the USSR,

00:42:56

water position he served longer than all

00:42:59

Soviet prosecutors for 27 years,

00:43:02

dear colleagues, I am fulfilling your

00:43:06

request, my

00:43:07

great desire and we are giving copies of

00:43:11

documents not in the vampire process, the

00:43:13

chief prosecutor from the USSR

00:43:16

is the folder Roman Andreevich and Alexander

00:43:19

Rudenko concepts.

00:43:21

thank you,

00:43:27

for a long time no one knew what happened to the

00:43:30

ashes of the Nazi criminals executed in 1946, they were

00:43:34

deliberately hidden, they were deliberately afraid that

00:43:37

the burial would become a place of pilgrimage for

00:43:39

neo-Nazis, the ashes were dispelled over the

00:43:43

river and beyond in this very place

00:43:49

and the water is calmer like Smith 27 million of

00:43:53

our citizens died during the great

00:43:57

of the Patriotic War,

00:43:58

this is many times more than died from

00:44:03

all the countries combined that

00:44:05

took part in the war against Nazi

00:44:08

Germany, and some advise us to

00:44:11

forget about this, the memory was cut off by the

00:44:14

sinners of our people such and such, under which

00:44:17

the memory of phrases was cut off

00:44:32

and

Description:

Сейчас Нюрнберг – типичный баварский город, красивый и веселый. В 45-м он лежал в руинах. Но именно к нему было приковано внимание всего мира. В зале суда № 600, где судили лидеров Третьего рейха, тогда разворачивалась последняя битва с нацизмом - битва документов, свидетельств, нервов. В стане обвинителей и судей не было полного единства. Для союзников русские - чужаки, коммунисты. Разный менталитет. Разные системы права. Зато нацисты выступали единым фронтом. Яростно отрицали свою вину – надеялись уйти от правосудия. Те, кто убивал без суда и следствия, теперь взывали к Фемиде. Главный обвинитель от СССР прокурор Роман Руденко не имел права на ошибку. Из Москвы за процессом пристально наблюдал Сталин. Нюрнбергский процесс длился почти год. Было всякое - недоверие и недопонимание, противостояние спецслужб и провокации, скандалы и разоблачения. Как все-таки удалось победить, склонить чашу весов на свою сторону? Ведь итог процесса предсказать было невозможно. В фильме принимают участие: Сергей Руденко, дипломат, сын главного обвинителя от Советского Союза Романа Руденко, он впервые посетит город, в котором состоялся триумф его отца; Иосиф Гофман, личный охранник Романа Руденко на Нюрнбергском трибунале, один из немногих живых свидетелей процесса; Сергей Нарышкин, председатель Госдумы РФ; Михаил Шмушкович, племянник руководителя группы советских переводчиков Евгения Гофмана, мемуары которого впервые будут озвучены в этом фильме.

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