Download "EEVblog 1340 - New Tesla 4680 Battery Cell EXPLAINED"
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Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
hi yes i'm back at the whiteboard but00:00:03
more importantly i'm back at the00:00:04
whiteboard in the old00:00:05
lab beauty let's talk about tesla00:00:08
battery day which just happened and of00:00:10
course everyone loses their mind every00:00:12
year about battery day and all00:00:14
the innovations announced and things00:00:16
like that and there were tons of things00:00:18
announced in this a lot of people said00:00:20
oh it wasn't that exciting but there was00:00:22
actually lots of cool00:00:23
stuff in here and we're going to talk00:00:24
about one aspect of it but there were00:00:26
many other innovations in battery00:00:29
chemistry00:00:30
and manufacturing techniques and you00:00:32
know they reckon they undo a 2500:00:34
000 ev and like like a ton of stuff but00:00:38
the one that i wanted to talk about and00:00:40
the one people ask me most about00:00:43
is the new 468000:00:46
cell that they're going to actually00:00:48
produce themselves00:00:49
in their tesla gigafactories so i'm00:00:52
going to try and break down why they00:00:53
actually went00:00:55
and designed this new 4680 cell and how00:00:58
it compares to the previous00:00:59
2170 and the 1865 or 18650 cell00:01:03
that they've used previously now tesla00:01:06
of course started out00:01:07
famously choosing to use cylindrical00:01:10
cells and the standard00:01:12
18 650 cell or 1865 as they're calling00:01:16
it now because elon doesn't like00:01:17
the extra zero it's just in there as a00:01:19
decimal point anyway00:01:21
um they started out using these and then00:01:23
with the model around about the model00:01:25
three ish something like that they move00:01:27
to the 2170 cell00:01:29
and now they're going to move to the00:01:30
4680 cell which they've designed00:01:32
themselves they actually got the pattern00:01:34
back in late november i'll link it in down00:01:36
below if you want to check it out but00:01:37
there's not00:01:38
really a huge amount of detail in here00:01:40
might put up a couple of graphics from00:01:42
it but anyway they've designed this in-house00:01:44
and they're going to manufacture it00:01:45
themselves00:01:46
now the big three claims that they had00:01:49
for this new cell00:01:50
was it's going to have six times the00:01:52
power and i've circled that one because00:01:54
that's the one that we're going to talk00:01:56
about today00:01:57
and why it's got six times the power00:01:59
over the previous 2170 that they used00:02:02
it's got five times the energy and it's00:02:04
uh00:02:05
has an extra 16 percent range in the00:02:08
battery and00:02:09
quite a few people ask me this why if00:02:12
it's got five times the energy of the previous00:02:15
217000:02:16
and you won't why do they only get 1600:02:18
extra range00:02:21
it's all in the market in linguistics00:02:23
they say00:02:24
energy not energy density00:02:28
my density has popped me to you00:02:32
what i'm your density so there's a bit00:02:36
of marketing wankology going on there by00:02:38
having yeah five times the energy00:02:40
everyone sees that everyone reports it00:02:42
everyone loses their collective minds00:02:44
and well it's only 1600:02:46
extra range so why does it have five00:02:48
times the energy but only 1600:02:50
of the range well it comes down to the00:02:52
size of the cells the 18650 or the 186500:02:55
is actually00:02:56
18 millimeters diameter by 6500:02:59
millimeters long that's where the00:03:00
numbers come from ignore the zero on the00:03:02
end the 2170 they move to is you get to00:03:04
21 millimeters by 70 millimeters00:03:07
so a bit wider bit longer and 4600:03:10
80 is 46 millimeters by 80 millimeters00:03:14
it's just a00:03:15
longer cell and thicker longer and thick00:03:18
is better00:03:19
obviously so if you take those00:03:21
dimensions there and you pi00:03:22
r squared h that you get about five and00:03:25
a half00:03:26
times the volume hence why five times00:03:29
the energy00:03:30
it actually should be a bit more than00:03:31
that because they've announced like some00:03:33
new electro uh chemistry and new00:03:35
material uh science and stuff like that they've00:03:37
been working on which sounds really cool00:03:39
so i'd actually expect a bit more than00:03:41
five times the energy but00:03:43
aha there's a trick because it's six00:03:46
times00:03:47
the power so there's actually a big00:03:49
trade-off when tesla chose to use00:03:51
the cylindrical cells like this and00:03:54
they're still using cylindrical cells00:03:56
compared to what's called a large pouch00:03:59
design typically used on most other ev's00:04:02
i'm not i don't think any other evs use00:04:04
cylindrical cells do they00:04:05
not 100 sure please correct me down00:04:07
below but anyway00:04:08
most use large pouch00:04:12
cell designs like this which just have00:04:13
large flat elements in00:04:15
and we'll talk about all the physical00:04:17
construction in a minute because it's00:04:18
important00:04:19
but basically you're trading off00:04:22
power versus energy density cylindrical00:04:26
cells like this00:04:27
you're going to get a larger energy00:04:29
density not a huge amount more but it's00:04:31
larger but you don't get the same amount00:04:34
of current00:04:35
output capability i.e power capabilities00:04:37
so you're trading off energy density00:04:39
versus power between these so the large00:04:42
pouch cells00:04:43
you will get more power out of them but00:04:46
slightly less energy density so00:04:48
it's a trade-off but tesla now with this00:04:51
new00:04:52
4680 cell they want the best of both00:04:54
worlds they want the energy density00:04:56
plus they've got a new uh tab00:04:59
or tablets design which allows them to00:05:02
get six times the power out so with six00:05:05
times the power does that mean it's like00:05:07
five or six times better00:05:08
than the existing large pouch cells well00:05:12
no not really you have to actually get00:05:14
the both which have the same energy00:05:16
density and do proper apples to apples00:05:18
comparisons before you know that and00:05:20
really there's not going to be a huge00:05:21
amount00:05:22
and a difference in it but they have00:05:24
actually increased00:05:25
the power per capability per ie current00:05:29
think of the current capability00:05:30
per cell compared to the 217000:05:34
and this all has to do with the tab00:05:36
design so if you take one of these00:05:38
cylindrical cells here and you00:05:40
unroll it this is called the jelly roll00:05:42
then00:05:43
you end up with basically our three00:05:45
strips of00:05:46
material in here now the layer that i've00:05:48
drawn on the top here this is the00:05:50
conductive cathode that's the positive00:05:52
terminal00:05:53
and that actually is coded with the00:05:55
lithium00:05:56
whatever material whatever the latest00:05:58
whiz-bang00:05:59
material science technology they got in00:06:01
these different performance different00:06:03
energy density requirements and00:06:04
different00:06:05
thermal properties and all sorts of00:06:06
stuff like that choose all these00:06:08
different cavities choose your flavor anyway it's00:06:11
a lithium-coated00:06:13
conductive uh plate on there and00:06:16
in the case of the 2170 cell uh00:06:19
somebody's taken one of these apart and00:06:20
actually looked at it it's about 80000:06:22
millimeters long00:06:24
so you know it's fairly lengthy it's00:06:26
like the length of my arm00:06:27
and this sheet i've drawn on the bottom00:06:29
here uh this is the copper anode it's00:06:31
usually made00:06:32
out of copper it's usually quite thin00:06:34
like you know you won't get much smaller00:06:36
than 10 microns it can vary but00:06:38
that would be the sort of like minimum00:06:40
thickness that you get in there once00:06:42
again it's a trade-off of energy density00:06:46
versus power the thicker00:06:47
you make all of these layers in here00:06:50
then the less surface area you can get00:06:52
therefore the less energy density but00:06:55
the thinner you make them especially00:06:57
like the conductive00:06:58
layers the thinner they get just like on00:07:00
your pcb you get00:07:02
one half ounce copper one ounce copper00:07:04
two ounce or four ounce copper00:07:05
something like that it has a lower00:07:07
resistance and we're going to get into00:07:09
that and that all has to do with the ultimate00:07:12
power output or maximum00:07:14
current output capability so we don't00:07:16
actually know specific details of the00:07:18
4680 whether or not it actually uses00:07:20
thicker uh conductive and copper00:07:23
materials in here but the six times00:07:25
power output actually comes from a00:07:26
different tab00:07:27
construction i'll talk about that in a00:07:29
second but we've got the final layer in00:07:31
the middle which i've drawn in green00:07:32
here and that's the separator that00:07:34
actually is a00:07:35
porous material and it's usually some00:07:37
sort of poly put the kettle on00:07:39
uh material like that and it has to be00:07:41
porous uh00:07:42
to for the chemistry to actually happen00:07:45
and uh the neat thing about uh some of these00:07:48
poly materials used in these00:07:50
even though they're porous effectively00:07:51
you can think of them like they've got00:07:52
little holes in them00:07:54
uh then when they actually when these00:07:56
batteries00:07:57
overheat then this uh poly put the00:08:00
kettle on material can actually melt00:08:02
and it can actually seal those holes and00:08:05
that actually stops current flow and00:08:06
they can sort of like00:08:08
self-extinguish it's like a overheating00:08:10
protection mechanism it's kind of cool00:08:12
don't know if the 4680 you know has that00:08:15
or the existing 217000:08:17
not entirely sure but anyway that's just00:08:19
a cool feature of the separator00:08:21
and for those playing along at home the00:08:22
poorest percentage i.e00:08:24
how porous it is you know it's around00:08:27
about 40 to 60 percent00:08:28
sort of you know somewhere in that range00:08:30
now i said that the00:08:32
copper anode down the bottom the00:08:33
negative terminal that's always00:08:35
pretty much always copper and i believe00:08:37
it is the case00:08:38
in the tesla shells in fact that's what00:08:41
they show in the really00:08:42
sexy pornographic photo that they've00:08:45
shown for this thing00:08:46
it's just look at all that copper oh00:08:49
beautiful00:08:50
beautiful but i specifically said that00:08:53
the cathode00:08:54
at the top here is not going to be00:08:55
copper and i won't go into the reasons00:08:58
why it's to do with the electrochemistry of00:09:01
it and well so those battery cell chemistry00:09:03
experts can00:09:04
debate that down uh below but it's00:09:06
usually like a00:09:08
aluminium something like that and which00:09:10
is coated with the00:09:11
lithium uh type material and now this is00:09:14
where the magic in the new 4680 battery00:09:17
comes from it's called a00:09:18
tablet design and this is what they have00:09:21
the patent on00:09:22
and you can see that basically all exist00:09:25
in cylindrical cells they actually use00:09:28
these welded tabs they've got a tab00:09:30
on the top layer and a tab on the bottom00:09:32
layer and00:09:33
you see these little dots in here these00:09:34
are like the little however they want to00:09:36
weld those00:09:37
on so they've actually got to weld those00:09:39
onto the top and bottom and then the tab00:09:41
actually then that's got to be welded to00:09:43
the bottom uh battery to the negative00:09:45
battery terminal this one has to be then00:09:47
welded up to the00:09:48
positive battery terminal and well00:09:50
you've got all these little connection00:09:52
steps in there so tesla of course one of00:09:54
their big announcements is00:09:56
they want to be the world's best00:09:58
manufacturer00:09:59
just the world's best manufacturing00:10:01
company so they're optimizing their00:10:03
steps and they've got some you know00:10:04
really cool technology and this tablet's00:10:06
design is known not only to give00:10:08
increased power but it's also to reduce00:10:10
production manufacturing steps as well00:10:13
because if you've got to produce your00:10:14
jelly roll like this you know you've got00:10:16
to coach your aluminium00:10:18
cathode up here and then you've got to00:10:20
put your signal and manufacture your00:10:22
separator and then you've got to roll it00:10:24
with your copper anode and stuff like00:10:26
that and then you're going to stop or00:10:27
move to another part of your production00:10:29
line and then weld on these tabs and it's00:10:32
just like horrible wastage production steps00:10:35
so what they've come up with00:10:37
is a tablet design to do away with these00:10:40
tabs that not only improves manufacturing00:10:42
speed and streamlines the whole process00:10:44
and things like that allows for uh00:10:46
more automation you're less machines you00:10:48
can install more machines per square00:10:50
meter of00:10:51
uh factory space and all that sort of00:10:53
great stuff which they're working on00:10:55
which was one of the huge announcements00:10:57
by the way was that i can't remember the00:10:58
exact number like order of magnitude00:11:00
saving in battery manufacturing floor00:11:03
space or something ridiculous like that00:11:05
it was really quite amazing00:11:07
so as i said when all these layers are00:11:09
all rolled up together this is called00:11:11
the jelly roll00:11:12
well i got the dunny roll uh to give a00:11:15
demo so let's have a look just so just00:11:17
imagine that this00:11:19
is your cylindrical cell i've got little00:11:21
uh post-it00:11:22
notes on here for the tabs so if we00:11:24
unroll this sucker00:11:26
here we go you know roughly 800 meters00:11:29
good enough for australia00:11:30
right you've got the tab over here and00:11:33
you've got to tab it down here as well00:11:35
this will make an interesting thumbnail00:11:37
won't it um00:11:39
imagine that you've got your copper00:11:41
conductive surface like this00:11:43
your electrons you know they're being00:11:44
produced you know00:11:46
everywhere all the way along here and00:11:48
they have to travel00:11:49
the whole length like this they have to00:11:52
travel00:11:53
the whole 800 millimeters to get out00:11:56
that's a long way please excuse the crew00:11:59
to the model didn't have time to build00:12:00
it scale or to paint it00:12:02
i think i'm going to come a gutsy here i00:12:04
put some00:12:05
post-it notes but what if you had00:12:08
lots of tabs like covering the whole00:12:12
thing of this when you roll it up like00:12:15
this00:12:17
then i should have made should have00:12:19
ripped off more of the dunny roll00:12:21
but what if you did that and then00:12:25
you folded all of00:12:28
the tabs in00:12:32
like that is that looking something00:12:35
like the tesla photo not really00:12:39
but hopefully you get the idea that's00:12:41
what they're doing this is called a00:12:42
tablet design but dave00:12:46
you just said there's like all these00:12:48
multiple tabs00:12:49
what if on your copper anode like this00:12:51
you did away with the tab like this00:12:53
like that and you put all these little00:12:57
cuts along here like this so that then00:13:00
you could like fold them up and00:13:03
over like that every single one of these00:13:06
then the entire length when you roll it00:13:08
together00:13:09
and it rolls inside like this00:13:13
okay and then your tabs all like fold00:13:16
over00:13:17
into the middle like this and this is00:13:20
exactly00:13:21
what we're seeing on the tesla00:13:25
well design yeah i00:13:28
really didn't have time to build this to00:13:30
scale all the paint did i00:13:32
but does that look something like what00:13:34
tesla have shown00:13:35
yep that's exactly what they're doing00:13:37
with the bottom00:13:38
anode here they're actually cutting it00:13:41
in the one sheet of copper00:13:42
doing away with all of the tab worlds00:13:45
and this has some really cool advantages00:13:47
and00:13:48
this is how they're getting the six00:13:50
times00:13:51
power output so why are we getting six00:13:53
times the power output00:13:54
well in this particular case let's just00:13:56
extend that out let's imagine that's our00:13:58
battery00:13:59
like that all of these tabs are all00:14:01
folded over on top of each other00:14:03
so you're effectively shorting out this00:14:05
whole bottom so instead of your00:14:07
electrons having to go the full00:14:09
800 millimeters they only have to go the00:14:11
maximum00:14:12
of the 80 millimeters which is the00:14:15
height of the cell so at most the electrons00:14:18
just have to travel00:14:19
the 80 millimeters instead of the 800.00:14:22
you've just lowered your resistance00:14:23
everything else being the same lowers00:14:25
your resistance by an00:14:27
order of magnitude and when you lower00:14:29
the equivalent resistance of your cell00:14:30
you can get more power out of it because00:14:33
there's less power loss there's less i00:14:35
squared r losses00:14:36
so if we plug some typical numbers into00:14:38
a calculator here for as i said a00:14:40
10 micron copper sheet i don't know the00:14:43
exact value00:14:44
for the tesla one but let's just put 1000:14:46
microns on there you wouldn't go any00:14:48
thinner than that especially for a high00:14:50
power application like00:14:52
ev batteries then if you whack that into00:14:54
the calculator the number that pops out00:14:56
for the 2170 up here in the 1865000:14:58
they're roughly equivalent00:15:00
uh you know in the order of 20 milliohms00:15:03
cell resistance like maximum when if the00:15:07
electrons have to travel00:15:08
that whole 800 millimeter length but you00:15:11
plug the same numbers into the 4680 up00:15:13
here00:15:14
bingo because it's an order of magnitude00:15:16
shorter distance like this for the same00:15:18
thickness of copper00:15:20
and hence like to say assuming that the00:15:22
chemistry is the same everything's the00:15:24
same so the energy density of the battery is00:15:26
the same00:15:28
remember that word density the electrons00:15:31
now only have to travel the 8000:15:33
millimeters like this instead of 80000:15:35
so therefore it's an order magnitude00:15:37
less resistance it's going to be in the00:15:39
order of like two milliamps couple of00:15:41
milliohms and that00:15:43
is equivalent to the here's some actual00:15:46
uh data for research data that's equivalent00:15:49
to00:15:50
the large pouch designs which are used00:15:53
in other00:15:54
ev car batteries the big flat designs00:15:56
and the reason the large pouch designs00:15:58
have very low resistance in the order of00:16:00
a couple of milliamps is because they're00:16:01
physically00:16:02
large big flat sheets like this and the00:16:05
tabs come directly00:16:07
out um there's you know like there's00:16:09
none of this roll rubbish00:16:11
in here that you got in the 2170s and00:16:14
the 1865s and then if you really want to00:16:17
the pouch designs you can actually put00:16:19
more of them in here like this and then00:16:21
you can just fold00:16:22
the tabs over similar to what we do here00:16:24
and then you can or you can just you00:16:25
know like bust bar them like that up the top00:16:27
or whatever and00:16:28
you can get very low equivalent series00:16:31
resistance for the cell00:16:33
and that's what tesla are trying to do00:16:34
here because they've realized00:16:36
that their choice of the cylindrical00:16:38
cell00:16:39
limits them in power and of course tesla00:16:42
are like massively powerful cars right one00:16:45
of the most powerful on the market so00:16:46
why do they need to make00:16:47
six times more power up here well00:16:50
they've got the truck things coming00:16:51
but also to do with the thermals and the00:16:54
losses00:16:55
so if you look at their existing cells00:16:56
which we're getting in the order of tens00:16:58
of millions00:17:00
serious resistance let's say it's00:17:02
drawing00:17:03
10 amps here that is an internal power00:17:06
loss of 2 watts right 20 milliamps times 1000:17:10
amps that's 2 watt loss and for a typical you00:17:13
know lithium ion cell00:17:15
that might be the equivalent of say you00:17:18
know five percent loss00:17:19
in the cell so you have that internal00:17:21
heating in the cell and that can affect00:17:23
uh the performance of the cell but yeah00:17:25
so you've got to get all that heat00:17:27
out and really um you know that is quite00:17:30
a lot so the existing pouch cell designs large00:17:33
pouches00:17:34
are much better in that respect than the00:17:36
uh cylindrical cells which tesla00:17:39
chose to use why they chose to use that00:17:40
originally i don't know it was cool and00:17:42
they're off the shelf they wanted to00:17:43
sort of use like off the shelf 18650s00:17:46
and it's worked for them but their00:17:48
thermal management of the packs00:17:50
has been quite different because now we00:17:52
have to talk about the thermals a bit00:17:54
so when it comes to heating up and00:17:56
thermals of a cylindrical cell it's00:17:58
what's called anisotropy00:18:00
which means that the heat is basically00:18:03
in the axial direction00:18:04
like this if you look at a heat map of00:18:07
i'll put up a heat map over here of a00:18:09
typical00:18:10
prismatic cell and how they heat up00:18:12
inside you'll notice that it's in the00:18:13
axial direction00:18:14
like this and really the best way to00:18:17
extract heat00:18:18
from a cylindrical cell like this is00:18:21
from the top00:18:22
and the bottom it's going to have a00:18:24
higher thermal resistance if you try and00:18:26
get the heat00:18:27
out of the sides of the cell like this00:18:30
it's just got higher thermal resistance00:18:32
so this is what tesla have done in the00:18:35
past to cool down their battery packs00:18:36
they've relied on00:18:38
like actually you know heat conductive00:18:40
materials and things00:18:42
surrounding the you know the sides of00:18:45
the cell like this00:18:46
and it's not a very efficient way to00:18:48
cool down prismatic cells00:18:50
they want to basically get their heat00:18:54
out in an axial direction like that but00:18:57
the problem with the existing cell00:18:59
designs is that00:19:00
well look you've got this bottleneck00:19:02
you've got this tiny little piece ant00:19:04
tab down here little thin little tab00:19:06
coming out here and here that's a choke00:19:09
point that's massively high thermal00:19:11
resistance00:19:12
trying to get there sure you might have00:19:13
this big slab of copper in here right00:19:15
800 millimeters by 70 millimeters or00:19:18
whatever it is right00:19:19
and like huge amount of copper in there00:19:21
but then your bottleneck trying to get00:19:23
it out00:19:24
the bottom or even get it out the top ah00:19:26
coppers00:19:27
it's going to be better to get it out00:19:29
the bottom via the copper00:19:31
terminal by the way it has to go through00:19:33
that little tab00:19:34
not a very good design but with the new00:19:36
4680 they've solved that because they've00:19:39
folded all of the copper over to have one big00:19:42
huge00:19:43
chunk of copper coming out the bottom of00:19:45
this thing00:19:47
so that's how tesla is going to cool00:19:49
these new batteries they're going to get00:19:50
them00:19:51
all out the bottom like this it's going00:19:52
to have a massively low thermal00:19:54
resistance00:19:55
because it's in direct contact well it00:19:58
is direct contact they've actually their00:20:00
bottom plate if you have a look at the00:20:01
patent here it actually shows that the00:20:04
anode00:20:05
uh plate down here has like these little00:20:07
spikes on it00:20:08
that i don't know if they'll actually00:20:09
use that in production um00:20:11
but you know it's basically going to00:20:12
have contact stitch which then00:20:14
uh contact with this huge basically one00:20:17
big copper sheet like that and basically00:20:19
you're getting all of the heat out00:20:22
very efficiently via the negative00:20:25
terminal of the battery so that's00:20:26
how they're going to cool down these00:20:28
designs it's going to be a vast00:20:29
improvement in thermal efficiency00:20:32
compared to the existing00:20:34
uh prismatic cell the 2170s in the00:20:36
18650s00:20:38
so if we go back to our copper00:20:39
resistance calculator00:20:41
and we plug in the numbers for the 486000:20:44
you will find for the same 10 micron in fact it's 900:20:47
micron because that's what my calculator00:20:49
has got but you know good enough for australia 900:20:51
micron copper00:20:53
thickness so we're comparing apples to00:20:55
apples between the 2170 and the 468000:20:58
here it's an order of magnitude lower00:21:00
resistance as we said before and00:21:02
uh so our power loss our internal power00:21:04
loss00:21:05
at the same 10 air nominal 10 amps then00:21:08
we're talking 0.2 watts instead of 2 watts so not only00:21:12
have we drastically decreased our00:21:14
thermal resistance to extract00:21:16
the heat out of the battery the correct00:21:18
method how it should be for00:21:20
a uh cylindrical cell but we've also00:21:23
lowered the internal resistance of the00:21:25
cell by an order of magnitude as well00:21:28
double whammy it's great so this is how00:21:30
they're going to get the six00:21:32
times power output of this thing as i00:21:34
said the energy uh00:21:35
in there is just due to it being a00:21:37
larger cell they're going to get 1600:21:39
percent00:21:40
uh plus rain so i'm not hugely impressed00:21:42
with the extra uh 1600:21:44
here i i think they'll get uh better00:21:46
like longer battery life you know they00:21:48
didn't i don't think00:21:49
they didn't announce their million mile00:21:50
battery did they everyone was kind of00:21:52
expecting that00:21:53
i think but yet you potentially get uh00:21:56
with the better thermal management00:21:58
of these cells and simpler as well00:21:59
because you can just have one gigantic00:22:01
bottom00:22:02
plate on the bottom of the battery you00:22:04
don't have to run all the crap00:22:05
in between all the cells and get it out00:22:08
inefficiently that way00:22:09
just one big huge heatsink on the bottom00:22:11
that you know you've only got00:22:13
the contacts basically you're getting00:22:15
the heat directly transferred via the00:22:17
copper to this huge base pad here00:22:20
you will have of course some thermal00:22:21
contact resistance00:22:23
between the internal copper sheet in00:22:26
here of your jelly roll00:22:28
and your negative anode terminal00:22:31
down there so those little spikes or00:22:33
whatever they're going to use so there's00:22:34
some little contact resistance there but00:22:36
it's still vastly improved over the existing uh00:22:39
2170 design00:22:41
and then you'll have that negative anode00:22:43
terminal basically just you know00:22:45
pushed straight against the heatsink on00:22:48
the bottom and they'll use that as the00:22:49
conductive00:22:50
uh thing as well for the cells so and00:22:53
then you'll well you've got to like insulate it and00:22:56
stuff like that so they might have some00:22:57
like you know conductive thermal00:23:00
insulation and stuff like that but00:23:02
anyway it's going to be vastly improved00:23:04
over the existing 2170 design so almost00:23:07
certainly they're going to get better00:23:08
range better life00:23:10
all sorts of things out of their battery00:23:12
and simpler thermal management it's a00:23:14
win all round and you might be asking well00:23:16
it seems really obvious why didn't00:23:18
anyone just cut these00:23:20
uh you know instead of welding these00:23:22
tabs onto here00:23:23
why didn't they actually um just cut the00:23:25
copper before and then fold it over it00:23:27
seems like00:23:28
a really obvious thing to do i don't00:23:32
know comments down below so there you go i've00:23:34
waffled on enough about the 4680 cell00:23:37
but hopefully00:23:38
you learned something there about cell00:23:39
construction and thermal management00:23:41
and stuff like that and battery00:23:44
construction but the good news is that00:23:45
the new 4680 cell00:23:47
is basically in that has the same00:23:50
internal resistance as00:23:52
the uh large pouch designs used by other00:23:55
manufacturers so in theory like the00:23:58
power should be like very similar how it works00:24:01
on00:24:02
like energy density and stuff like that00:24:04
and versus weight00:24:05
and all the other stuff you can put into00:24:07
metrics for the00:24:08
for electric vehicles and uh performance00:24:10
and stuff like that but00:24:11
anyway yeah they're now on par with the00:24:14
large uh pouch designs and that's really cool00:24:17
and in terms of thermals00:24:18
probably equivalent as well although you00:24:20
know once again you got to do a proper00:24:22
apples to apples00:24:23
comparison it might be quite hard to00:24:25
compare them thermally and things like00:24:27
that but00:24:28
anyway fast improvement and just go00:24:31
to a bigger cell like this as they did00:24:33
for the 1865 to the 2170 just moving to00:24:37
a much bigger fatter cell like this you00:24:39
get just inherent advantages00:24:42
just by doing that regardless of any00:24:43
other technology changes at all00:24:46
you get uh increased packing density uh00:24:49
of course because you've got00:24:50
like a larger cell so you'll have like00:24:53
of00:24:54
the energy density per cell is going to00:24:55
be larger as they said like five00:24:57
times or five and a half times the uh00:25:00
energy just by going from this size cell to00:25:02
this size cell you can pack them all00:25:04
together and then you've got uh the steel casing00:25:07
as well because you've got to have the00:25:08
steel casing on the cell00:25:09
so potentially lower weight there00:25:11
because there's less steel00:25:13
in individual you've got fewer cells so00:25:15
for the same given kilowatt hour size00:25:17
pack uh you've got like just a lot less00:25:20
metal00:25:21
in there just so it's got a way less00:25:23
that's going to be an inherent00:25:25
advantages you've got manufacturing fewer cells on00:25:27
your production line so there's got to00:25:29
be inherent advantages there just00:25:31
just sheer like manufacturing handling00:25:34
and stuff like that alone00:25:36
would have advantages so lots of00:25:38
advantages in these cells just by moving00:25:40
from that to that00:25:41
so actually ignoring all the other uh00:25:43
you know the tablets design00:25:45
news and the other material science00:25:47
technologies and different00:25:48
uh stuff they're working on it's00:25:50
actually rather00:25:52
these numbers are actually rather00:25:53
disappointing because as i said i00:25:55
expected a 5.5 times00:25:57
just do the calculations going from this00:25:59
size to this size it's 5.5 times the00:26:02
energy anyway like whoopty do um00:26:05
you get that by going to a larger cell00:26:08
and 16 plus range i haven't run the00:26:11
numbers but here's an exercise for those00:26:13
playing along at home00:26:14
uh just you know calculate the extra00:26:16
like uh volume efficiency volumetric00:26:19
efficiency you'd get00:26:20
when you like stack all the cells uh00:26:23
together in a00:26:24
flat pack how much extra range you'd get00:26:27
just by00:26:28
actually increased efficiency of the00:26:30
packing density of a larger cell versus00:26:32
a smaller cell and you'd probably be00:26:35
surprised if it's not near00:26:37
16 anyway so really00:26:40
like the only exciting announcement here00:26:42
is the time 6 power due to the tablet's00:26:44
uh design but apart from this00:26:46
um it's it's rather disappointing00:26:49
actually because you get that anyway by going to00:26:51
a larger cell ah00:26:53
so there you go i hope you enjoyed that00:26:55
i hope you learned something useful and00:26:56
if you did please give it a big00:26:58
thumbs up as always comment down below00:27:00
and check out the eev blog forum where00:27:02
no doubt everyone's going to discuss00:27:04
this00:27:05
catch you next time00:27:08
[Music]00:27:28
youDescription:
Dave explains why Tesla have switched from a 2170 cell to a bigger 4680 cell announced at Battery Day. What is the new tabless technology and what are the thermal cell and battery pack implications? Discussion on Lithium Ion battery cell construction, chemistry, manufacture, thermal design, internal resistance, heat sinking, and how cylindrical cells compare to large pouch cell construction. Tesla Patent: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20200144676A1/en?oq=20200144676 PLEASE read the pinned comment before replying. Forum: https://www.eevblog.com/forum/blog/eevblog-1340-new-tesla-4680-battery-cell-explained/ Subscribe on Library: https://odysee.com/@eevblog:7?&sunset=lbrytv EEVblog Web Site: https://www.eevblog.com/ The 2nd EEVblog Channel: https://www.youtube.com/EEVblog2 EEVdiscover: https://www.youtube.com/eevdiscover Support the EEVblog through Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/eevblog AliExpress Affiliate: https://best.aliexpress.com/af/storeCode.html?OLP=1090100108_f&o_s_id=1090100108 Buy anything through that link and Dave gets a commission at no cost to you. Donate With Bitcoin & Other Crypto Currencies! https://www.eevblog.com/crypto-currency/ T-Shirts: https://eevblog.creator-spring.com/
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