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Subtitles
Russian
00:00:11
[Music]00:00:36
at the end of the 16th century a band of00:00:39
Cossacks led by a legendary leader00:00:41
Yermack pass the oral penetrates into00:00:43
Siberia and in less than a century under my00:00:45
feet local population this immense00:00:48
territory of 16 million00:00:50
square kilometers had only furs as its wealth00:00:56
since the 20th century its00:00:58
partly frozen lands have been explored are00:01:00
exploited under the snow immense00:01:02
reserves of fossil materials00:01:05
coal oil and gas00:01:08
it is the wealth of the federation of00:01:11
russia00:01:14
in a world plagued by00:01:16
growing uncertainty in00:01:18
energy supplies00:01:19
russia regains its influence lost00:01:21
following the collapse of the ussr00:01:25
leading producers of natural gas00:01:28
russia has held a third of the00:01:30
world's total reserves since 1992 a00:01:34
gazprom company is charged by the00:01:36
russian state with producing, distributing and selling00:01:38
this source of energy00:01:40
[Applause]00:01:42
gazprom is not a company like any00:01:45
other00:01:47
the men at gazprom are00:01:48
professionals in the gas markets but00:01:50
also in the policies of the ministers of00:01:52
deputies ambassadors00:01:57
and direct advisors to President00:01:59
Vladimir Putin00:02:05
all play a role in the new00:02:08
global energy game00:02:13
in Moscow this building is as well known00:02:17
as the Kremlin00:02:21
the headquarters of Gazprom is also00:02:23
a place of power00:02:27
in 2005 Vladimir Putin's Russia00:02:30
became majority shareholder of00:02:32
the company00:02:33
Gasprom today controls a quarter of00:02:36
all global gas reserves00:02:37
and 94% of Russian natural gas00:02:44
but Gazprom is not just about gas, the00:02:46
energy giant is extending its influence through00:02:48
subsidiaries on00:02:50
oil activities nuclear mechanical construction00:02:55
gazprom also owns media00:02:57
television channels radio press but also00:02:59
a bank an aviation company00:03:02
[Music]00:03:07
after months of negotiations and00:03:09
repeated requests the management of00:03:11
gazprom agreed to open its doors to us00:03:15
[ Music]00:03:17
we are in February 200700:03:21
it is Sergei Kouprianov the spokesperson00:03:23
the voice of Gazprom who welcomes us00:03:26
[Music]00:03:32
in his office in front of him a photo00:03:36
shows him alongside the number one of Gazprom00:03:38
Alexei Miller a close friend of Vladimir00:03:40
Putin whose he was a deputy to the00:03:43
town hall of saint petersburg00:03:46
alex müller does not speak in front of the00:03:48
cameras he leaves it to his spokesperson00:03:50
to explain to us why the00:03:52
doors of gazprom have actually been open to us00:04:01
since last year00:04:04
the interest in our company has00:04:06
suddenly increased00:04:09
I don't know if the situation in00:04:11
Ukraine was the cause or served00:04:13
as an excuse for us00:04:14
all but the fact that00:04:17
people are more interested in us and I00:04:19
think it's a good thing00:04:21
and a Once this first wave00:04:24
of agitation has passed we will be remembered for00:04:27
the00:04:31
basis of our business, it is of course00:04:33
the extraction, transport and sale of00:04:36
gas,00:04:38
it is from this base that00:04:41
the company and its two were founded. bags00:04:43
above all she is currently living00:04:46
we are one of the largest00:04:48
gas producers in the world00:04:50
we extract more than any other00:04:53
company and have done so for several00:04:55
decades00:04:57
nice some of the sit ins and for00:04:59
over 35 years we have been00:05:01
supplying gas gas to Europe00:05:05
since the crisis with Ukraine during00:05:07
the winter of 2005 2006 and the threat of00:05:10
stopping the supply of gas to00:05:11
Europe for a few days,00:05:12
media attention is focused00:05:14
daily on Gazprom's activities00:05:18
we have an appointment with a key man00:05:21
from the group specially responsible for00:05:23
gas exports, the one which brings00:05:25
a lot of money to gazprom and therefore to russia00:05:29
alexander medvedev the00:05:32
arm wrestling specialist the man of all the00:05:33
difficult commercial negotiations which00:05:36
have the reputation of gazprom00:05:39
it does not surprise us that00:05:42
more attention is paid to the leaders in its00:05:43
field00:05:44
they promise one of the largest00:05:46
gas companies in the world is already00:05:48
today the largest energy company00:05:51
one of the largest at the cup match00:05:54
and our market capitalization00:05:55
amounts to more than 250 billion00:05:58
dollars00:05:59
our shareholders are Russian and00:06:01
foreign yes naturally00:06:03
everyone is worried what is gazprom00:06:11
on the 6th floor of00:06:14
gazprom headquarters the nerve center of the entire00:06:17
gas distribution system for00:06:20
russia and europe00:06:26
30% of the gas consumed in europe is supplied00:06:29
by gazprom00:06:30
the green lines represent the00:06:32
gas pipelines and the yellow dots the00:06:35
compression stations which propel the00:06:36
gas into the pipes00:06:38
from this gazprom room controls more00:06:41
than one hundred and fifty thousand kilometers of00:06:43
gas pipeline on Russian territory00:06:45
it is here that everything can be at stake that00:06:48
the order can be given to close the00:06:50
tap as during the crisis with00:06:52
Ukraine in December 200500:06:55
[Music]00:06:57
we have reduced the year of gas in00:06:59
Ukraine on January 1st at 10 a.m.00:07:02
and the agreement was only finally signed00:07:04
on January 4th00:07:07
was enough for us to reduce the00:07:10
gas supply to the level that was requested of us by00:07:12
the management00:07:16
Ukraine now one of the countries in00:07:19
permanent gas conflict with Russia00:07:21
Ukraine a country through which00:07:24
80% of Russian gas exports to00:07:27
Europe transit00:07:31
Ukraine has long paid00:07:33
a friendly price for its Russian gas agreed in the name of00:07:36
friendship between Moscow and Little00:07:37
Russia but since the Orange Revolution00:07:39
in December 2004 Ukraine has leaned00:07:42
west towards the European Union and the00:07:44
United States Russia no longer sees any00:07:46
reason to continue to subsidize00:07:48
the Ukraine in June 2005 Gazprom announced00:07:51
its intention to raise its prices from 2.5000:07:53
to 230 dollars per thousand cubic meters six00:07:57
months later the standoff began00:08:00
why therefore decided to suspend its00:08:03
gas deliveries which could have00:08:04
repercussions on00:08:06
supplies in Europe, 15% of the00:08:08
gas passes through the Ukrainian gas pipeline00:08:10
kas prom had promised it he did it00:08:14
russia no longer supplies gas to00:08:15
ukraine00:08:17
hello the russian state company which00:08:19
supplies the gas has ceased its00:08:20
supplies to reduce its00:08:22
gas deliveries to Ukraine a00:08:23
retaliatory measure against the countries00:08:25
which refuse to pay more for their00:08:27
guards then Moscow begins another00:08:30
psychological war this one the representative00:08:32
of the Russian giant Gazprom accuses here00:08:35
Ukraine of not wanting to steal the gas00:08:37
intended for Europeans00:08:40
in any case no panic00:08:43
France in Germany in Italy the00:08:44
biggest customers but the European Union00:08:47
declares itself concerned00:08:49
after three days of gas cut-off from00:08:51
Ukraine the Russians obtain00:08:53
satisfaction the Ukrainians agree to00:08:55
pay their gas $95 instead of $50 since00:08:59
the rate continues to increase00:09:01
$130 in 2007 in Kiev there is00:09:05
always a man who watches over the00:09:06
interests of Gazprom00:09:08
Victor Chernomirdin he is00:09:11
Russian Ambassador to Ukraine former Prime00:09:13
Minister of Boris Yeltsin he was also00:09:15
the first president of the company00:09:17
gazprom formed in 198900:09:21
[Music]00:09:22
[Applause]00:09:24
appointed in kiev by vladimir putin victor00:09:28
chernomirdine is a master in00:09:29
the art of maintaining pressure on the00:09:31
former Ukrainian friends00:09:36
in October 2007 he did not had not hesitated to00:09:39
announce that the price of gas would depend00:09:41
on the result of the legislative elections00:09:43
and the composition of the new00:09:44
government00:09:48
two years previously he had managed00:09:52
the Ukrainian crisis in his own way00:09:57
how that what crisis in Ukraine00:10:01
what report there was no crisis00:10:02
in Ukraine00:10:04
to pay them you live or in00:10:08
England no in France and in France they00:10:10
give you gas without money or in a00:10:12
store can you take00:10:14
care that it is without money why00:10:16
here then we can take without paying00:10:18
then it's is always then to say pay00:10:20
and you will receive you do not pay00:10:22
part you will have nothing00:10:23
[Music]00:10:34
yushchenko his new government00:10:36
arrived they told us go ahead00:10:38
make the appeal said it first00:10:40
as soon as he arrived to the post of00:10:42
president but that's how it00:10:44
started and we warned but00:10:46
take into account the price will be that of the00:10:49
market so we warned the first00:10:51
time in00:10:52
July we warned of new wells00:10:55
in November we warned them said prepare yourself00:10:57
the price will change from00:11:00
January 1st the price will be completely different00:11:03
he did not react less ago even I00:11:05
told them in person to president00:11:07
victor andrier beach think about it from00:11:10
January 1st the price will change00:11:12
will- are we preparing that you are missing me00:11:14
what you are not discussing about it why is no00:11:16
one you say they00:11:18
dragged out the lime until December 3000:11:20
that's all00:11:22
and after December 30 what happened what00:11:25
happened happened we said it's over00:11:28
if you don't pay or don't provide you00:11:30
with gas then they started00:11:32
paying it's still a misunderstanding because all our00:11:35
European contracts were completely00:11:37
bare and00:11:38
what's more at the time when the Ukraine00:11:40
had without any authorization withdraw00:11:42
from the export gas pipelines a certain00:11:45
volume of gas which was intended for00:11:47
European consumers and not for00:11:49
them. We compensated for this withdrawal the00:11:52
next day.00:11:53
We did not supply gas to Ukraine00:11:56
for a single and simple reason there00:11:58
was no contract find me a00:12:00
single company in the world which will supply00:12:03
its product without a contract it does not exist00:12:06
in December 2006 Europe narrowly escaped00:12:09
the Belarusian crisis other countries where00:12:11
Russian gas transits to destination of00:12:13
Europe under the terms of the agreement00:12:15
Belarus pays 100 dollars per thousand00:12:17
cubic meters of gas and cedes half of00:12:19
its gas pipelines to Gazprom00:12:22
crisis after crisis Gazprom gradually becomes00:12:25
owners of gas pipeline networks00:12:28
outside Russian territory for00:12:30
officially ensure the security of00:12:32
supply to its European customers00:12:34
and by dictating its prices the company finds00:12:38
new financial resources to00:12:40
maintain and develop its immense00:12:42
network00:12:43
put end to end the gas pipelines of Gazprom00:12:46
could go around the earth four times00:12:48
each year more 15,00000:12:50
kilometers of gas pipelines are inspected and00:12:52
renovated to deliver the gas produced in00:12:55
the Siberian fields00:12:57
[Music]00:12:59
the main gas fields operated00:13:02
by Gazprom are located beyond the00:13:04
polar circle00:13:07
in winter when the thermometer drops00:13:10
to minus 50 degrees during the day lasts no00:13:13
more than four hours00:13:14
[Music]00:13:19
this region in northern Siberia00:13:21
supplies 85% of Russian gas00:13:24
[Music]00:13:28
experts estimate that 20% of the00:13:30
world's gas reserves are located00:13:33
in this region00:13:36
[Music]00:13:45
the Rangueil fields produce00:13:47
gas for the European market00:13:50
[Music]00:13:53
here more than 2500 wells have been drilled00:13:57
in the frozen subsoil in a00:13:59
permafrost armor 400 m thick00:14:07
[Music]00:14:26
we are on a unique site the00:14:28
durango deposit and source of oil,00:14:31
gas and of condensed gas we can see00:14:34
here the commissioning of00:14:36
product extraction wells which are00:14:38
located at a depth of more than 100000:14:39
meters in chalky deposits this00:14:42
deposit has been exploited for almost00:14:43
thirty years00:14:44
currently the postal volume00:14:46
of extraction and 100 billion00:14:48
cubic meters of gas per year00:14:53
I have this idea00:14:57
this site is the pride of Russia00:15:00
apart from gast we extract00:15:03
condensed gas and oil00:15:06
the production prospects for the00:15:08
future daly it opens for00:15:10
decades to come and in00:15:13
the whole region00:15:24
it is very cold here it's true it's00:15:27
the particularity00:15:29
obviously the working conditions00:15:31
are different from those in the rest of00:15:32
Russia not to mention Europe00:15:37
but be human gets used to everything and00:15:40
despite the difficulties some00:15:42
have worked here for almost thirty00:15:43
years00:15:44
the gas workers who work here have on00:15:46
average 20 years of seniority00:15:51
it is said that gas appeared by chance00:15:55
at the beginning of the 60s the first00:15:58
technicians were sent to the00:16:00
region to look for oil the00:16:02
boats having found themselves trapped in the00:16:04
ice of the alena the three rivers00:16:06
of the region the technicians who were00:16:08
on board began to do drilling00:16:09
to pass the time it is gas which00:16:12
is emerged from the earth00:16:14
geologist and komsomol engineers00:16:16
communist youth00:16:17
from all over the ussr took possession00:16:20
of these deserted regions where00:16:22
gigantic gas deposits had just been00:16:24
located00:16:26
at00:16:27
the time of the soviet union00:16:29
gazprom produced more than 600 billion00:16:31
of cubic meters of gas compared to 500 nowadays00:16:35
it was more precisely around00:16:38
630 billion but we have00:16:42
always been titanic never we put00:16:45
low00:16:46
[Music]00:17:03
[Music]00:17:05
we were aware of it we00:17:08
wanted and developed gazprom in00:17:11
this logic00:17:13
it is not by chance00:17:15
we consciously designed this system00:17:17
from the start or cheo for this purpose we00:17:21
used the best know-how in the00:17:22
world everything that was00:17:24
best at the time we implemented it00:17:27
in the body of gazprom the00:17:29
best technologies the best00:17:31
scientific discoveries00:17:33
we collaborated with all the00:17:35
European and American companies00:17:37
that is why gazprom became what00:17:40
it is today00:17:41
promogim it is in coir gr sport we00:17:44
had consciously organized it ourselves00:17:46
knew that we had always00:17:47
maintain the high level of production00:17:50
why because our reserves allow us00:17:54
our reserves allow us to set the00:17:56
bar very high and to do even00:17:59
more00:19:49
tichelen00:19:51
once the gas is cleaned to00:19:53
dry it then passes through a00:19:55
gas holder you must have already perceived it00:19:59
there we make00:20:01
gas exploitation calculations from the00:20:03
volumes extracted00:20:07
from these calculations we obtain00:20:09
results which amount to millions00:20:11
of cubic meters of gas and we00:20:14
forward this data to the00:20:16
transport department of gazprom00:20:17
is transgaz which takes care of00:20:20
the transportation of gas and its delivery00:20:22
to consumers00:20:26
[Music]00:20:28
more than 260 compressor stations00:20:32
throughout Russia are responsible for00:20:34
moving the gas through the gas pipelines at a00:20:36
speed of 40 km hour00:20:41
alone the00:20:43
compression stations consume almost 10% of00:20:45
production00:20:51
a temperature difference of 1 degree00:20:54
Celsius less can lead, for00:20:56
example, to an additional consumption00:20:58
of 40 million cubic meters of gas,00:21:00
the equivalent of the00:21:02
daily consumption of Russian gas in France00:21:18
[Music]00:21:21
Gazprom's production capacities00:21:24
are colossal yet00:21:26
European energy experts are worried the00:21:29
current deposits are gradually being exhausted00:21:31
production has fallen by 10% in ten years00:21:34
will Gazprom have it has the means to respond00:21:36
to the constantly growing European market00:21:39
four old deposits the00:21:42
essential deposits happen that currently at the00:21:44
stage of falling extraction00:21:46
among the new deposits we have00:21:49
the polar site which already gives 10000:21:50
billion cubic meters that of00:21:53
bollène covo which will produce 15000:21:55
billion that of shtokman with its 2200:21:58
billion cubic meters of gas00:22:00
just in its first phase00:22:02
and then there is the new deposit of00:22:04
southern Russia a project where00:22:06
moreover German companies will take part00:22:08
which will give an additional 25 billion00:22:11
with all these projects we have no00:22:14
doubt as to the execution of all our00:22:15
contracts whether on00:22:17
internal or external markets including on00:22:20
new markets00:22:21
particularly to the unemployed so that in the00:22:25
next 5 to 7 years we can00:22:27
start shipping the gas from a00:22:29
new field00:22:30
we must make the00:22:32
necessary investments today00:22:37
if we invest in the exploration00:22:39
of a field we must take into00:22:42
account the fact that it will be listed00:22:44
entirely throughout its00:22:46
existence and not just one or two00:22:48
years if00:22:51
just each deposit has its lifespan00:22:55
we explore it at the beginning00:22:58
they acquire the power of a project00:23:01
develops matured works at full capacity00:23:06
for a certain time00:23:07
and then00:23:09
inevitably it exhausts and closes00:23:14
[Music]00:23:16
to quickly find the deposits of the00:23:19
future and know how to exploit them00:23:21
gazprom has a research center00:23:25
more than 1,300 specialists researchers and00:23:28
scientists who work they are00:23:29
engaged in a race against time00:23:31
because by 2015 the main deposits will reach the00:23:34
end of life could lead to00:23:36
a drop of a quarter in00:23:38
Gazprom's gas production00:23:40
the time of blind drilling is over00:23:43
three-dimensional modeling00:23:45
now makes it possible to visualize00:23:47
accessible wires and geological difficulties00:23:50
[Music]00:23:54
what we see here it is a process00:23:56
to determine the type of rock degree00:23:59
of saturation etc. we thus have00:24:01
the parameters of the rock's capacity00:24:03
of the coefficients to resist it shows00:24:06
how much in reality there are two speeds in00:24:08
the rock and how much00:24:09
oil and gas it contains00:24:12
yes00:24:16
romane samso nov he directs the research center00:24:20
the future of gazprom depends00:24:21
largely on the discoveries of his institute00:24:24
we received this prize for00:24:25
the development of the geological model of the00:24:27
shtokman deposit00:24:30
as has often been said it is a00:24:32
unique site located at the bottom of the ocean at a00:24:36
depth of 350 meters and 650 km from the00:24:39
coast, this is where our scientists are00:24:41
studying this deposit and is therefore00:24:43
for the development of its model00:24:45
of extraction and the estimation of its00:24:47
reserves that we received the first00:24:49
corporate prize for the year 200600:24:51
this is the first edition of this00:24:54
prize we are honored and it00:24:56
motivates us to achieve new00:24:58
exploits00:25:01
let's say that First of all, everything begins with00:25:04
prospecting, research work on00:25:07
new sites,00:25:09
prospecting for deposits,00:25:12
geological research are exceptional professions,00:25:15
geologists are like magicians00:25:17
who are capable of finding00:25:19
usable resources deep in the earth,00:25:22
sources00:25:25
thanks to the work of our geologists our00:25:28
researchers00:25:29
thanks to modern technologies for00:25:31
designing three-dimensional models00:25:33
we were able to determine the reserves of the00:25:36
shtokman source deposit00:25:42
the capacity of the shtokman site was00:25:45
estimated at 3.7 trillion cubic meters00:25:48
6017 therefore practically at 4 trillion00:25:51
cubic meters of gas which will be00:25:52
accessible00:25:55
it heats little idiot nosca that google at the00:25:57
swing it is source then comes the00:25:59
prospecting of the james dyson bay00:26:04
thus the exploration of these large sites00:26:07
makes it possible to program the deliveries of00:26:08
gas in large quantities in the long term not00:26:11
only in the short term00:26:13
[Music]00:26:16
the gigantic shtokman deposit is00:26:18
not yet exploited due to the00:26:21
arctic extraction conditions and00:26:23
its depth while waiting to00:26:25
increase its production gazprom can00:26:27
sometimes count on new00:26:30
sakhalin coincidences in the end of siberia00:26:33
on the shores of the pacific ocean00:26:36
the island contains significant00:26:38
natural resources in hydrocarbons oil and00:26:40
gas in the 90s when boris00:26:43
elstine sold the wealth of a00:26:45
practically bankrupt country00:26:47
foreign companies obtained00:26:48
operating licenses on00:26:50
extremely favorable conditions but in 200600:26:52
the Dutch and Japanese foreign gas companies00:26:56
encountered a serious problem in Sakhalin00:26:58
when they began00:27:00
work00:27:03
oleg mitvol deputy director of the00:27:07
Russian natural resources monitoring services00:27:08
an ecologist in the soul but00:27:11
also a patriot who does not give any00:27:13
gifts to foreign companies00:27:14
established in Russia00:27:16
[Music]00:27:18
they have stopped work on the pipe00:27:20
since August 18th now it is no00:27:23
longer working they are doing00:27:24
political lobbying in order to have this00:27:27
work recognized as a good job and00:27:29
finally fill this pipe with oil and when00:27:32
this woman slides down with the00:27:34
pipe loaded with oil we will have a00:27:36
serious ecological disaster which will00:27:38
reach the sea00:27:39
see a snorkel00:27:43
and well it is a fiber optic cable00:27:44
which signals the damage to the oil pipeline00:27:47
it is of course already out of service00:27:52
full soft and it floats there on the surface00:27:55
like an element of decoration00:27:57
this is what work these people00:28:00
look at for yourself00:28:06
in 2006 for months the00:28:09
Dutch company shell and00:28:11
Japanese companies gather in an00:28:13
operating company called sakhalin-2 had to00:28:16
answer questions from00:28:17
officials of a state body00:28:19
their spirit road nador responsible for00:28:21
ecological surveys carried out by oleg00:28:23
mitvol00:28:28
during his trip to the island of00:28:31
sakhalin his services drew up more00:28:33
of 100 findings of violations of00:28:34
environmental regulations00:28:40
and to be sure that this is known its00:28:43
services filmed the entire mission00:28:50
first of all we are not00:28:53
sheriffs we are inspectors and00:28:56
we have the right to control whether the00:28:58
license contract is truly00:28:59
respect we have the right to check00:29:01
how companies respect00:29:03
ecological standards success this time00:29:05
to talent to status00:29:07
in the Russian constitution article00:29:10
42 and dictates the right of citizens to00:29:13
have a healthy environment00:29:15
everything we do we do it in00:29:17
consultation with environmental NGOs00:29:19
this communication battle with00:29:22
the shell company we won it00:29:24
only thanks to our way of00:29:25
proceeding in order to respond to all00:29:28
requests we invited everyone00:29:29
to come to sakhalin and everyone00:29:31
end like that00:29:33
curiously the context was this00:29:35
on the one hand there was a00:29:37
huge transnational company which money00:29:39
from the oil sold already exported from00:29:41
Russia the international experience00:29:43
influence it on the prime ministers00:29:46
of different countries hundreds of00:29:47
lawyers and on the other there were only a00:29:49
few00:29:51
Ezio officials in the standoff between Oleg00:29:55
Mitvol and foreign companies00:29:57
all the discussions did not focus00:29:59
only on environmental regulations00:30:01
allowed the situation is as follows00:30:04
all this money belongs to the00:30:06
russian federation its00:30:07
territorial waters belong to the00:30:09
russian federation unfortunately a00:30:11
foreign company arrives and explains to us what00:30:13
we must do and we open we were going00:30:15
in a few days oleg mitvol won00:30:19
the war of images against the00:30:21
dutch company shell and the Japanese companies00:30:25
[Music]00:30:28
let's see please it's for the00:30:30
camera00:30:32
here the starfish have become00:30:35
like that now if we can still00:30:37
call it a star00:30:39
[Music]00:30:40
look there are also shells00:30:44
like this one before they grew on00:30:46
large rocks it was multicolored and00:30:49
very beautiful now that's what we have00:30:51
but why is it like that00:30:54
I think that following the engineering work00:30:57
we threw00:31:01
large quantities of silt and earth00:31:04
[Music]00:31:06
a lot of land mud yes mud00:31:13
I tell you one thing unfortunately00:31:15
a number of Russian officials in an00:31:18
incomprehensible way for me take the00:31:20
side of the shell company I do00:31:23
n't know what to call it but I 'would like00:31:24
to know why shell has so many fans00:31:26
in the Russian administration he00:31:28
knew cable and it's a00:31:31
video reality it's because the media was at00:31:34
my side as well as00:31:36
international environmental organizations like00:31:37
greenpeace wwf alpha and it's that I00:31:42
managed to explain that00:31:43
ecological problems really exist and that it00:31:45
is high time to deal with them00:31:47
regardless of the current shareholder it00:31:50
must be understood that we have00:31:52
pointed out all the problems that exist00:31:53
gazprom will also address them to deal with in the00:31:56
first place it is obvious00:31:59
I know that a decision was taken at the00:32:01
board of directors of Gazprom which00:32:03
considered as a priority the00:32:05
question of restoring the00:32:07
ecological situation00:32:12
threatened with losing their00:32:14
operating license foreign companies00:32:16
have kindly preferred to cede the00:32:17
majority of Sakhalin 2 to Gazprom00:32:21
this sleight of hand allowed the00:32:22
Russian giant to recover licenses and00:32:25
increase its production volume at00:32:27
little cost00:32:29
the Sakhalin war was a00:32:31
revealer of both the power of00:32:33
gazprom but also of its weaknesses00:32:35
to maintain and increase its level00:32:37
of production in the coming years00:32:39
experts and foreign investors are00:32:42
worried the international00:32:44
energy agency autonomous agency of the oecd has00:32:46
its headquarters in paris00:32:48
its first mission is to ensuring00:32:50
the security of00:32:51
energy supplies to the 26 member countries with the00:32:55
supplier gazprom all doubts00:32:57
are not resolved00:32:58
claude mandil executive director of00:33:01
the international energy agency what00:33:04
concerns gazprom customers and00:33:07
what concerns an agency like00:33:09
mine, which is an agency as you00:33:11
recalled, made up of experts in the00:33:14
energy field,00:33:16
is that we have the impression that00:33:19
for the moment Gasprom is not investing00:33:22
enough in the development of new00:33:25
gas fields. understand00:33:28
the problem well because once it is not00:33:29
known if there is psylla gas00:33:32
still exists we are sure that it exists00:33:34
massively but00:33:38
for it to be available in the00:33:40
pipes it is necessary to make00:33:43
very significant investments which we call a00:33:45
development investment you have to00:33:46
drill wells you have to build00:33:51
processing plants you have to00:33:55
develop you have to do research00:33:59
to know exactly where the00:34:02
new deposits are and all that takes00:34:04
a lot of money and we don't have00:34:07
the impression that in recent00:34:09
years00:34:12
Gazprom and spend enough00:34:14
money in this area as a result00:34:17
the current deposits are running out and the00:34:20
new deposits are not ready in00:34:25
any case as much as necessary00:34:30
I had proposed to the directors of the00:34:32
agencies to dismiss their analysts00:34:34
due to00:34:35
insufficient qualifications but I do not know if my00:34:38
recommendations were heard our00:34:40
gas production plan is00:34:42
fully developed for the next 20 years00:34:43
must take into account the00:34:45
new markets00:34:47
we know how much we must invest00:34:49
to achieve our projects we00:34:51
have been involved in this business for a00:34:52
long time and know how to organize it00:34:58
during the Soviet era planned the00:35:00
production levels every year for00:35:02
each five-year period00:35:04
now the principle is time that the00:35:06
gas is not sold it will not be00:35:08
product00:35:09
being a commercial company we00:35:12
start from this basic principle we00:35:14
will always keep our commitments and00:35:16
produce as much gas as is provided for00:35:18
by this or that contract00:35:22
I would prefer that we could sit00:35:25
around a table to discuss each00:35:27
of our figures from theirs see who is00:35:30
right who is wrong for the moment it00:35:33
is not possible for us once00:35:36
again00:35:38
our criticisms are very00:35:40
focused we do not question00:35:43
the fact that until now gazprom has been a00:35:46
very high quality supplier and we do00:35:49
not question the fact that the00:35:51
reserves are extremely important,00:35:54
we question the insufficiency of00:35:57
the investment00:35:58
and in addition we say what is a00:36:00
shame is that there would be00:36:02
simple ways to massively increase the00:36:06
quantity gods of gas available00:36:08
for export00:36:11
our investments represent for00:36:13
this year 20 billion dollars for00:36:15
next year it will be 22 in00:36:17
another 2600:36:19
we have planned where we will put00:36:22
the money to be able to extract gas,00:36:24
oil and others resources to00:36:27
transport our products and sell them to00:36:29
our producer consumers00:36:32
we ensure that our consumers00:36:35
are happy because we do not produce00:36:37
to report completion of the00:36:39
production volume but rather00:36:41
to satisfy our customers00:36:45
gasprom answers me but no we00:36:47
let's invest a lot so it's true00:36:49
they invest a lot but00:36:50
invest a lot in electricity00:36:53
in00:36:55
the media in the construction of a00:36:58
new headquarters00:36:59
in the takeover of other companies but00:37:03
that doesn't make one cubic meter of gas00:37:07
more it was gas which was produced00:37:08
by others and which is produced by00:37:10
gazprom so all of this is not00:37:15
investments in the development of00:37:17
new fields, this is our00:37:18
concern00:37:20
according to European experts to00:37:23
satisfy Europe's growing demand00:37:24
Russian gas exports00:37:26
should increase by 100 billion00:37:28
cubic meters by 2015 but in the00:37:30
same period the production of the00:37:32
main fields at the end of their life00:37:33
could decline by 150 billion00:37:36
cubic meters in these conditions how will00:37:38
gazprom be able to fulfilling its00:37:40
commitments00:37:42
this question poisons00:37:44
commercial relations between Gazprom and its00:37:45
customers a crisis of confidence while00:37:48
70% of Gazprom's profits come from00:37:51
gas exports to the European Union00:37:54
much cooler than when we know00:37:58
precisely how many00:38:00
raw materials we must produce00:38:01
[Music]00:38:02
and as soon as we have guarantees on the00:38:05
fact that this gas will be purchased according to the00:38:08
pricing of the energy resources market00:38:10
at the given time00:38:12
we can then without problem invest00:38:15
in the exploration of new deposits,00:38:17
control them then extract and shipped00:38:21
the gas00:38:23
this is the principle according to which we00:38:26
work in gray everything in recent00:38:27
years00:38:28
the construction of the gas pipeline system00:38:31
connecting the fields of00:38:33
Western Siberia with consumers in00:38:36
Europe had also required00:38:38
colossal investments which were00:38:40
impossible to tackle without having00:38:43
guarantees on our gas sales00:38:47
you know the history of our relations00:38:49
with Europe has already been evolving for 40 years00:38:52
in a positive direction00:38:54
it is perhaps the quarantine crisis00:38:56
which is coming but I am sure00:38:58
that it will be overcome and00:39:00
collaboration in the field of gas00:39:02
between Russia and Europe will00:39:03
increase because these are relations00:39:05
of interdependence00:39:07
we depend on Europe as well00:39:10
as Europe depends on us00:39:12
we as well as our partners the00:39:15
companies with which we00:39:17
have been working for 35 to 40 years we00:39:19
are certain that this partnership will00:39:21
develop and that Europe will remain the00:39:24
main market for Russian gas00:39:28
regardless of the wishes of00:39:30
journalists the role of Russian gas in00:39:32
Europe will00:39:35
currently grow Russian gas represents 2600:39:37
% of the European market in 2010 2015 it00:39:41
will be at 33% it is an objective reality00:39:44
is you00:39:47
I believe that it is rather good for00:39:49
Europe because its competitiveness depends00:39:51
largely on Russian natural gas00:39:56
for the state Russian00:39:58
majority shareholder of Gazprom the company must00:40:01
therefore reassure its customers to maintain00:40:03
its influence is that of Russia on00:40:05
the global energy market00:40:07
the government has found a radical solution00:40:10
reduce Russian gas consumption00:40:13
to ensure the supply00:40:14
of Europeans00:40:16
currently both third of00:40:18
Russian gas production leaves for00:40:21
domestic consumption the00:40:23
power plants run on gas00:40:24
alone it consumes 37% of the gas produced00:40:27
in Russia and for Russians gas is00:40:30
five times cheaper than for00:40:31
Europeans00:40:33
resulting in low prices does00:40:35
not encourage individuals and businesses00:40:36
to reduce their consumption, on the00:40:38
contrary,00:40:40
in November 2006 the Russian government00:40:42
therefore decided to increase the price of gas by 15% per year00:40:44
on the domestic market,00:40:48
you know it is something that may00:40:51
seem surprising we do not decide00:40:54
the price of gas neither on the internal market00:40:56
nor on the external market00:41:00
on the internal market it is the00:41:02
government which sets the price of00:41:04
deliveries and this price is variable shame00:41:07
shame that this thing near there is no not00:41:09
long ago a small part of the market00:41:11
became free which gives us the00:41:13
possibility of selling gas on the stock exchange00:41:16
where the price is established according to00:41:18
supply and demand during00:41:20
stock market negotiations00:41:23
even on the European markets this00:41:27
n we are not the ones who set the price because00:41:30
we work on the basis of00:41:31
long-term contracts the price is regulated00:41:34
according to the petroleum product markets00:41:35
via the stock market mechanisms00:41:41
in 2012 the Russians will pay for their gas00:41:44
practically at the same price as the00:41:46
Europeans00:41:47
predictable consequence they will00:41:49
drastically reduce their00:41:50
gas consumption which will allow Gazprom to00:41:53
have new00:41:54
production volumes for export to00:41:57
Europe00:41:58
this restructuring of the00:42:00
Russian domestic gas market for the benefit of00:42:01
Gazprom and Russia on the00:42:02
international scene could lead to a00:42:04
serious economic and social crisis00:42:06
for some russia has fallen into00:42:10
a war economy00:42:12
sergey glazunov candidate for the00:42:14
presidential election in 2004 against vladimir00:42:16
putin renowned economist today an00:42:19
opposition deputy he presents himself00:42:21
as a left-wing patriot00:42:24
[Music]00:42:31
oh00:42:35
gazprom has taken the decision to00:42:37
increase the price of gas on the00:42:38
internal market and is forcing Russian companies00:42:41
to switch to the almost free price de facto00:42:43
coming from a monopoly of Russia is losing00:42:47
its strategic advantage,00:42:49
namely resources energy this00:42:51
expensive without this advantage we risk00:42:54
losing our economic model00:42:56
why because we must take into00:42:58
account the energy consumption00:43:00
inherent to the modes of production in00:43:01
our country more secure for whatever we00:43:04
do our production will always remain00:43:05
twice as consuming of energy00:43:07
that in Europe we are therefore going to lose a00:43:10
metallurgical industry the00:43:12
chemical industry the majority of00:43:13
mechanical constructions which on the scale00:43:15
of the prices of the international gas market00:43:16
will no longer be competitive00:43:19
currently all the politics of00:43:22
power is organized in favor of the00:43:24
commercial interests of00:43:26
well-known privileged structures is the one which00:43:28
played the most it is gazprom00:43:34
[Music]00:43:40
oh00:43:44
to00:43:48
oh00:43:50
oh00:43:52
[Applause]00:43:53
[Music]00:43:55
we must try to ensure that00:43:58
gazprom no longer abuses its status as00:44:00
monopoly on the market if it does00:44:02
not increase the price for gas they are00:44:04
responsible for fulfilling scruples00:44:06
behind their commitments00:44:08
currently we have a gap a gazprom00:44:10
strives to export as much breakage as00:44:12
possible because the export price when00:44:14
we break times more advantageous than the00:44:17
price on the internal market00:44:18
therefore it limits the consumption of00:44:21
gas on a national scale00:44:24
[Music]00:44:32
we benefit less from our00:44:34
energy wealth since the majority of00:44:37
oil is almost half of the gas00:44:39
goes abroad00:44:40
and the Russian people do not benefit because00:44:43
the profits from00:44:45
oil and gas exports are shared between00:44:47
the oligarchs who hold00:44:48
control and the reserve fund which00:44:50
does not operate bhl in inside the country00:44:54
[Music]00:45:03
more than ever the00:45:06
hydrocarbon sector takes a00:45:07
preponderant place in the00:45:09
Russian economy the production of gas and00:45:11
oil accounts for more than 25% of00:45:13
GDP and provides more than 40% of revenue00:45:16
state budget exports00:45:19
provide around two thirds of the00:45:20
country's foreign exchange earnings00:45:22
the Russian state with a majority stake of just over00:45:25
50% in gazprom has made its00:45:28
gas giant a key player in00:45:30
balancing public finances00:45:31
gazprom is therefore under close control of00:45:34
power in the duma the Russian parliament the00:45:37
chairman of the energy committee is00:45:39
a deputy of Vladimir Putin's United Russia party it is00:45:41
also said that Valerie Asaf is00:45:44
unofficially the chief lobbyist of00:45:46
Gazprom00:45:47
it is obvious to everyone that00:45:50
during perestroika and then in00:45:51
the very difficult 90s00:45:53
it was gazprom and he alone who kept00:45:56
the country afloat and that he literally00:45:58
saved from the cold00:46:01
valérie acef knows all the workings of00:46:04
gazprom and with him all the doors00:46:06
open00:46:09
he invites us to attend one of the00:46:11
meetings of the energy commission of the00:46:13
duma which is held in the large00:46:15
council room of the gazprom tower00:46:17
in russia valerie acef is described as00:46:20
one of the best informed people00:46:22
of the gas market00:46:23
he is also known for saying00:46:25
publicly and often brutally what00:46:28
neither gazprom nor the Russian state can00:46:30
announce directly to its customers or00:46:32
to European countries00:46:34
valérie is it is done therefore the00:46:36
unofficial spokesperson of the board00:46:38
of directors of gazprom a00:46:40
very political board of directors for a00:46:42
company often described as a state00:46:45
within a state00:46:50
the boards of directors of gazprom00:46:52
and renaissance are composed00:46:54
mainly of00:46:56
government ministers and staff of00:46:57
the president's administration who00:47:00
act according to the directives from the prime00:47:01
minister00:47:03
all major projects all00:47:05
important decisions are approved00:47:07
by the council of directors,00:47:10
i.e. by the government00:47:14
before the duma commission and00:47:16
our camera valeri goloubev director00:47:19
of the investment department00:47:20
presents an agreed and reassuring picture00:47:23
of the gastro activities00:47:28
over the last five years gazprom has00:47:31
undoubtedly increased the volume of00:47:33
production00:47:34
according to data for the year 200600:47:37
gazprom had produced 552 billion00:47:40
cubic meters which makes us the00:47:42
largest gas producer in the world00:47:46
the direct competitor exxon mobil00:47:49
extracts only 110 billion00:47:51
cubic meters which confirms the fact that00:47:53
gazprom is a powerful company00:47:58
some new markets have been00:48:00
approached in particular with countries like00:48:02
china korea great britain00:48:06
if we talk about the export of gas00:48:08
note that in In addition to the shipment of00:48:10
gas via gas pipelines, the first00:48:12
experimental attempts at00:48:14
gas liquefaction have taken place.00:48:18
We have the right to request00:48:20
additional information on the00:48:22
issues that particularly00:48:23
attracted our attention. The00:48:26
Accounts Chamber at Gazprom at the Ministry of00:48:28
energy industry at the ministry of00:48:30
finance and the tax services00:48:32
if gazprom is under tight control00:48:35
it is also because it is almost a00:48:36
weapon a deterrent force as much00:48:39
as a means of pressure that russia00:48:41
is the only one to possess00:48:42
the energy resources this is the00:48:45
main subject there will not be enough00:48:46
to ensure the development of all00:48:48
the countries these resources will always be00:48:50
at the center of the debates and for that00:48:52
matter the cause of a war like the one00:48:54
happening in Iraq or in iran00:48:57
behind all this I see the struggle00:48:58
for energy resources00:49:00
we absolutely must find00:49:02
international mechanisms to avoid00:49:03
war and leave room for a00:49:06
peaceful climate of talks00:49:18
believe me a struggle for00:49:20
energy resources is taking place00:49:23
in this often secret and00:49:25
diplomatic struggle russia still maintains00:49:27
a step forward00:49:28
for as much as the resistance has been organized in00:49:31
europe00:49:33
for three years the struggle of influence00:49:35
between the russians and the europeans is00:49:37
playing out in the caucasus00:49:38
around the caspian sea the ancients00:49:41
Soviet republics, now00:49:42
independent, are00:49:44
very important gas producers, it is estimated that they00:49:46
hold 10% of the world's gas reserves.00:49:50
These countries currently depend almost00:49:52
entirely on Gazprom's gas pipelines to00:49:54
sell their production to Russia00:49:56
and Europe to maintain this00:49:58
strategic advantage while avoiding having to00:50:00
pass gas from the Caucasus through00:50:02
Ukraine countries considered unreliable by the00:50:04
Russians gazprom has decided to embark00:50:06
on titanic work the00:50:08
construction of an underwater gas pipeline00:50:12
this gas pipeline would leave from Russia00:50:13
would pass under the Black Sea to00:50:15
reach Turkey before reaching00:50:17
Europe via land gas pipelines00:50:21
the project relies on Russian know-how00:50:22
in 2002 already an underwater gas pipeline00:50:25
transporting Russian gas to Turkey00:50:27
came into operation with a length of 120000:50:30
13km blue stream 1 passes under the00:50:33
black sea over a distance of 400 km at a00:50:36
depth reaching more than 210000:50:38
meters in places, making it the00:50:40
deepest gas pipeline in the world00:50:42
[Music]00:50:46
the blue stream-2 project is already00:50:49
underway study00:50:50
and discussions are underway with00:50:53
the countries that the gas pipeline will cross00:50:56
to counter this project which will increase00:50:58
the power of Gazprom Europeans are00:51:01
turning to Azerbaijan and00:51:02
Georgia00:51:04
in these countries at odds with the00:51:06
Russian neighbor a new section of gas pipeline00:51:08
is being built by a consortium supported by00:51:10
the united states has just entered into service00:51:12
the scp connects the oil and gas fields00:51:15
of badges ans to turkey00:51:19
georgia is the first beneficiary00:51:21
of the passage of the scp know that in kazan00:51:24
'pipeline' on its territory now00:51:27
it no longer depends on Russian gas and the00:51:29
prices set by Gazprom00:51:30
the construction of the scp on00:51:34
Georgian territory was felt as a00:51:35
provocation by the Russia of Vladimir00:51:37
Putin who now considers that00:51:40
Georgia, a former Soviet republic, has00:51:42
fallen into the camp of NATO00:51:46
officially it is the situation in00:51:48
Abkhazia separatist region of Georgia00:51:50
supported by Moscow since 1993 which is at00:51:54
the origin of the dispute between the two00:51:55
countries00:51:58
but for all observers the00:52:01
commissioning of the new gas pipeline at the end of 200600:52:03
would explain the renewed tension00:52:10
here one of the strips of the pipeline which00:52:12
indicates where they cross the00:52:14
road00:52:16
could see another marker on the other00:52:18
side of the road which indicates the00:52:20
direction that the pipeline takes at the jump00:52:23
it is quite obvious is visible that the00:52:26
'pipeline' goes from the top of the hill facing00:52:28
here just below the terminal and goes00:52:30
towards the river over there00:52:33
the s&p cost four and a half billion00:52:36
dollars it was financed largely by the00:52:39
world bank and the00:52:40
european bank and was built by a00:52:43
consortium dominated by the00:52:45
british company british petroleum00:52:48
we are the operators strait00:52:51
'pipeline' georgia the low cost this spa00:52:53
'pipeline' which extends from baku to the00:52:56
port of this this park on the coast of00:52:58
black sea baku tbilisi ceyhan which00:53:00
leads to the mediterranean in turkey00:53:02
and then the direction caucasian gas00:53:05
pipeline00:53:08
so there are three different consortiums00:53:11
in which there are different00:53:12
partners but of which we are00:53:14
the main operator00:53:17
with the soil storage yann 'pipeline'00:53:19
we let's bring gas to georgia what00:53:22
gives the state the possibility of00:53:24
diversifying its00:53:25
supply resources compared to00:53:27
russia for example00:53:29
any other supplier to00:53:31
individuals it is only an00:53:33
additional source which is add to00:53:35
the subject is very sensitive00:53:38
since the commissioning of the scp00:53:40
georgia has been on the verge of war with00:53:42
russia since november 2006 the00:53:44
borders are closed the blockade is00:53:46
complete regular incidents on august 6,00:53:49
2007 a russian missile was even fired00:53:51
on the georgian territory00:53:55
david bakradze minister of state responsible for00:53:58
conflict resolution00:54:00
[Music]00:54:02
the relations which already00:54:04
traditionally are not characterized00:54:05
by friendliness and well we can say that00:54:08
they have unfortunately deteriorated greatly00:54:11
I say unfortunately because00:54:13
georgia has no interest in maintaining00:54:15
distant relations is00:54:16
problematic with Russia what00:54:18
extinguishes is important an important neighbor00:54:20
our interest is to regularize its00:54:23
relations to reestablish normal relations00:54:26
but it is not possible to establish00:54:28
normal relations if we do not respect00:54:30
elementary principles such as00:54:32
good neighborliness, sovereignty and00:54:34
territorial continuity,00:54:35
these are principles which are essential for us.00:54:39
I repeat, we are a small country00:54:41
and we have no interest in seeing00:54:43
bad relations with russia00:54:46
david bakradze is former president of00:54:48
the commission of the georgian parliament for00:54:50
european integration00:54:51
for him the situation that00:54:53
his country is currently experiencing does not only have00:54:55
disadvantages regarding00:54:58
economic issues there is a00:55:00
total embargo which is still active an embargo00:55:03
imposed by Russia which00:55:05
completely closed its market to all00:55:07
products manufactured in Georgia Prado00:55:09
it was not our choice but I believe00:55:12
that when we consider the00:55:14
long term prospects we can thank00:55:16
Russia for this decision because it00:55:19
forced Georgian business to move00:55:21
more actively towards the European market00:55:22
and towards the European Union00:55:25
in the long term it is positive for00:55:27
us00:55:31
Georgia Azerbaijan new allies00:55:34
of Europe and with the Catalan00:55:37
Bahrain staff who joins Turkey a00:55:39
unique opportunity for Europeans00:55:40
to imagine a solution to counter00:55:42
Gazprom's blue stream project it is the00:55:45
nabucco project a gas pipeline in the00:55:48
extension of the scp would make it possible to00:55:49
reach Europe via Turkey by00:55:51
opening new roads00:55:52
supply for example to00:55:54
Turkmenistan by crossing the00:55:56
Caspian Sea nabucco from Europeans blue00:55:59
stream from Russians only one of the two00:56:01
projects should see the light of day because for00:56:03
gas market experts there is00:56:05
not enough money available to00:56:06
finance both projects which00:56:08
each cost around 5 billion euros00:56:12
designated in March 2007 at the European Council00:56:15
as a priority project00:56:17
the Nabucco project was relaunched in00:56:19
September 2007 in an emergency00:56:22
Meanwhile Russia and Gazprom had concluded00:56:23
agreements during the summer exclusivity00:56:25
of gas supply with00:56:27
Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan00:56:31
Ferran Tarradellas this spokesperson at the00:56:33
European Commission for00:56:34
energy issues he perfectly masters the00:56:37
diplomatic language we are very00:56:39
happy we believe that it is a00:56:41
privilege of the European Union to having00:56:43
at the door the main00:56:46
gas supplier of the world sas and misfortunes we00:56:48
want to work with Russia and I00:56:50
believe that there is also a lot of interest00:56:51
also working with us but that does00:56:54
not mean that we want to00:56:55
work on the world with russia00:56:56
nabucco will give the opportunity to00:56:59
gas producing countries to sell00:57:01
electron gas europe 1 test we believe00:57:03
that it is very important a lot can00:57:05
also be supplied with libyan gas00:57:07
egyptian waters through a new00:57:09
story doubt that will be built across00:57:11
the western00:57:13
Mediterranean coast team is provided at00:57:15
the end of two00:57:17
new courts we hope that the00:57:21
situations in iraq iran and pay improve00:57:23
the way that we have00:57:26
friendly relations with those countries that they have00:57:28
in the problems now which00:57:29
could certainly it has the00:57:31
second largest reserves of gas in the world if00:57:33
the geostrategic conditions allow it00:57:36
why not bring gas will say it is00:57:40
what we want to do is to increase the00:57:42
diversification of the00:57:43
market supply to allow it there is00:57:45
competition but it is not unfair00:57:47
against this plan it is unfair for the00:57:49
internal energy market in Europe00:57:52
gazprom is nevertheless in all00:57:54
lands00:57:55
September 19, 2007 on this day the00:57:57
European commission presents the00:57:59
liberalization project of the energy market00:58:01
among the proposals the separation of00:58:04
transport and energy production activities00:58:06
by European00:58:08
market players the market must open but00:58:11
not to Gazprom the commission therefore had to00:58:13
find the solution00:58:15
to protect the interest in the00:58:17
separation of transport and00:58:19
production activities we must put in00:58:21
place drastic conditions on the00:58:23
possibility for non-00:58:25
European companies to own00:58:27
transport infrastructure it is very00:58:29
important we must all have the00:58:31
same rules which we have proposed00:58:33
is to strengthen the European internal market00:58:35
so that it is open while being00:58:38
sure that we will maintain full00:58:40
control over this market to avoid, for00:58:43
example, that member states take00:58:45
particular measures which would ultimately00:58:46
cause the breakup of our00:58:48
market interior00:58:50
while we want to open the market00:58:52
we want an open market00:58:55
I'm going to be frank with you we00:58:58
must not be naive shores00:59:01
it's about sharpness it's about00:59:04
maintaining honest competition00:59:06
competition has nothing to do with it see with protectionism00:59:10
but if you want to be sure to have00:59:12
fair competition we must also00:59:14
protect our internal market from00:59:16
unfair behavior which could00:59:18
come from outside00:59:22
I have a question about gazprom efficient00:59:26
and gazprom it is through its activities of00:59:28
transport and production can they00:59:30
buy what they controlled with more00:59:33
than 51% of the shares one of the00:59:36
Malagasy transport companies of a state of00:59:38
the European Union or elsewhere of00:59:40
several states of the European Union00:59:42
it there is only one condition, it is that there00:59:45
is separation of activities in two00:59:47
distinct companies, it is a little00:59:48
difficult to imagine but in theory00:59:50
it is possible and still it is necessary to00:59:52
have a distribution network00:59:54
this company would need in addition to a00:59:57
specific agreement a bipartite agreement00:59:59
between the European Union and Russia01:00:01
which would authorize this type of cooperation01:00:03
the separation of activities is therefore01:00:05
necessary but not sufficient01:00:07
a few hours after this01:00:09
directly targeted announcement gazprom published a01:00:11
laconic press release its spokesperson01:00:13
sergueï kouprianov declared gazprom01:00:17
an important contribution to make in01:00:18
the debate on the regulation of the01:00:20
energy sector in europe and is certain that01:00:23
its voice will be heard01:00:25
in the face of the european union gazprom remains01:00:28
confident and for good reason01:00:29
since 2005 a gas pipeline project divides01:00:33
the member states in the north of europe01:00:37
saint petersburg the city of origin of01:00:39
vladimir putin is also the city where01:00:42
the future01:00:45
head office of gazprom01:00:47
called gazprom city will be built by 2016 a 30001:00:50
meter high tower will rise on01:00:51
the mouth of the neva very close to the01:00:53
historic center of01:00:55
saint petersburg the city of the tsars01:00:57
founded in 1703 sighs legrand will01:01:00
soon be the capital of gazprom and russian gas01:01:05
especially since a few hundred01:01:06
kilometers further north on the banks of01:01:09
the Baltic Sea begins work01:01:10
on one of the gas giant's flagship projects01:01:13
the construction of the North Stream gas pipeline01:01:22
[Music]01:01:25
an underwater gas pipeline of more than 1,200 km01:01:28
which will directly connect Russia to01:01:31
Germany passing under the Baltic Sea01:01:34
owned by 51% by Gazprom and 49% by01:01:38
German companies the North01:01:40
Stream project creates tensions between01:01:42
Germany and the eastern states of01:01:44
Europe01:01:46
for Gazprom the North Stream submarine gas pipeline01:01:49
only presents advantages01:01:52
unlike the land gas pipelines01:01:54
already in operation it avoids passing through01:01:56
territories deemed unreliable like01:01:58
Belarus then it avoids paying01:02:01
a right of passage to countries now01:02:03
anchored in the Western camp like01:02:05
Poland finally it avoids the Baltic countries01:02:08
very critical of -visit Moscow01:02:09
within the European Union01:02:11
for two years these same Baltic countries are01:02:13
doing everything to hinder the North Stream project01:02:16
[Music]01:02:17
within the northern countries of the01:02:19
European Union Germany is denounced for01:02:22
going it alone to berlin we prefer01:02:24
to talk about logic and01:02:26
economic partnership on the one hand germany makes01:02:29
to russia almost a third of total01:02:30
european exports01:02:32
on the other hand germany imports01:02:35
the majority of its energy from russia 40% of01:02:38
gas and 30% of oil01:02:40
joachim towards mailing and01:02:42
state secretary at the federal ministry of01:02:43
the economy of technology01:02:45
he holds the official speech despite01:02:48
appearances north stream is also a01:02:50
European project01:02:51
[Music]01:02:53
it is not only gas for01:02:54
the 'Germany it's gas for the01:02:56
Netherlands cause for perhaps01:02:58
Great Britain for the Czech Republic01:03:00
that's the reason why it's a01:03:02
European project in a European interest01:03:04
and that's what we still have to01:03:06
understand many of those who are01:03:08
opposed01:03:10
September 9, 2005 gerhard schröder01:03:14
welcome vladimir poutine for the01:03:15
signing of the north stream project said it01:03:18
mid-august in by the german one year screen01:03:20
gerhard schröder had adopted an01:03:22
orphan in saint petersburg the city01:03:24
of the president Russian without the friendship that binds01:03:26
the two men Nordstream would01:03:28
perhaps not have seen the light of day01:03:31
it is not directed against anyone feigned01:03:33
against the Baltic states nor against01:03:35
Poland01:03:36
but we must nevertheless understand that the01:03:39
German chancellor and the defender of01:03:41
German energy interests01:03:44
Germany ensures in direct partnership01:03:47
with Russia a large part of its01:03:50
energy supply for decades01:03:53
I still ensured through01:03:56
long interviews with the president who01:03:58
was fortunately open01:04:00
to having put in place sets the context for01:04:03
this form of cooperation to be01:04:05
possible01:04:07
a few months later gerhard schröder01:04:09
loses the elections but01:04:11
quickly finds a new job he is01:04:13
appointed president of the supervisory board01:04:14
of the russo01:04:16
german consortium responsible for the construction of01:04:18
north stream01:04:19
we talked about germano Soviet at01:04:22
the time01:04:23
it is exactly the misunderstanding which has01:04:26
persisted01:04:27
it is also a project between01:04:30
companies and not between states01:04:32
there is Gazprom on one side and a01:04:35
German gas importer on the other01:04:38
it has never there was a question that01:04:41
Poland or the Baltic states would be sidelined in01:04:48
the face of the hegemony of Gazprom the01:04:50
member states of the union fail to01:04:52
maintain a coherent discourse the01:04:55
north stream project divides europe today01:04:57
it also reveals its weaknesses01:04:58
it was to prove for the01:05:00
European Council the year 2005 including all01:05:03
the countries of the European Union including01:05:05
Poland including the01:05:07
Baltic republics he had no problem on01:05:10
this by recognizing this01:05:12
line as a priority aline obviously01:05:15
these private investors to put01:05:17
the money in the street that he considers01:05:19
best what the commission01:05:20
had identified were01:05:22
possible roads in duplication of the01:05:24
current gamal road for the construction of a01:05:26
gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea obviously01:05:29
where the commission will not compromise01:05:31
is in01:05:32
environmental issues if this information must01:05:35
be built it must be built01:05:37
year round in full respect of environmental rules01:05:40
but it is up to investors to be01:05:41
masters the money of the01:05:43
infrastructure firm there I believe01:05:45
that indeed there are01:05:46
national interests in the European Union it is01:05:48
a well-known thing but I believe that at the01:05:50
moment we are talking about the development of01:05:53
ruth security and professionally01:05:55
costs it enormously done in all01:05:58
member states in the European Council01:06:00
every six months to iron out01:06:03
difficulties and define a model of01:06:05
cooperation Russia and Europe01:06:07
meet for a summit is often01:06:09
the Europeans arrive in dispersed order01:06:13
May 18, 2007 in Samara in Russia on the01:06:16
banks of the volga this summit will01:06:18
quickly turn into a dialogue of the deaf01:06:20
between europe and russia the01:06:22
discussions are tense particularly on01:06:24
energy questions01:06:26
the european commission defends the idea01:06:29
of solidarity of the member states its01:06:31
principle if a cooperation agreement01:06:33
with russia puts a single01:06:35
member state in difficulty this in fact puts01:06:37
the entire european community in difficulty01:06:38
for vladimir putin this01:06:41
speech of solidarity has been inaudible01:06:43
since europe enlarged to 27 and01:06:46
poland is reviving01:06:48
historic tensions with the russia throughout the01:06:50
summit vladimir putin is01:06:52
accompanied by one of his closest01:06:53
advisors sergei yastrzemski01:06:56
former special spokesperson for01:06:59
the kremlin on chechnya he is today the01:07:01
special advisor to the president for01:07:02
europe01:07:03
[Music]01:07:05
the big office summits are01:07:10
having a stage01:07:14
to speak openly01:07:17
about our relations in general01:07:21
to analyze in common the confusions the01:07:25
problems the questions in Samara the01:07:28
presidency of the European Union was01:07:30
then German in principle it is an01:07:31
asset but Angela Merkel n01:07:34
failed to bring to fruition the negotiations01:07:35
for a new partnership agreement which01:07:38
was to come into force in September01:07:40
200701:07:41
it was Poland which vetoed to01:07:44
demonstrate against the Russian embargo on01:07:45
imports of Polish meat01:07:47
but also out of fear that a01:07:49
large-scale cooperation agreement is01:07:52
to the detriment of its energy security01:07:54
[Music]01:07:57
and Russia today I think01:08:03
sometimes for us it is very difficult to01:08:06
understand it is the lack of01:08:09
the lack of creativity the lack of01:08:14
freedom ii for compromises01:08:17
because the decision-making mechanism01:08:20
within the European Union01:08:22
is so difficult so01:08:24
bureaucratized that once the01:08:27
decision is made it becomes a dogma sometimes01:08:29
people say no01:08:31
we see our will being imposed on us. is the01:08:34
will of 20.7 and there are no other01:08:37
variants for you Russians than to01:08:40
accept01:08:42
our position01:08:44
with us it does not work this language01:08:47
this language but the are not not to01:08:51
name the countries with which we can01:08:53
talk about them01:08:55
in the following way with us it does01:08:58
n't work then we'll say you're not01:09:01
interested you're not flexible that's it01:09:02
then that's fine we'll drop that to01:09:05
see01:09:08
germany we01:09:10
mustn't forget france are two01:09:12
locomotives of European integration01:09:15
relations with these countries01:09:18
but not only with these two countries01:09:21
Italy or Austria have Greece or01:09:25
Spain are privileged it works01:09:28
very well and we have a lot of records01:09:32
and a lot of breakthrough in several01:09:33
areas of our cooperation01:09:36
Germany is our01:09:38
number one economic and financial partner in01:09:42
the world because of that I think that01:09:44
really Germany some of the countries01:09:46
which understand us better01:09:49
than certain01:09:52
German partners within the European Union01:09:56
some german neighbors especially to01:09:59
the east of gold the samara summit was01:10:04
a failure for the europe of 27 but also01:10:06
for russia it is to calm01:10:08
relations through a global01:10:09
economic and strategic agreement essential01:10:11
to stability of its economy,01:10:14
energy resources are the01:10:17
only assets that allow it to01:10:18
keep its rank and strengthen its01:10:20
position in the world in Europe as01:10:22
in Asia01:10:25
today for the Russians each generation01:10:28
seeks to find its answer to this01:10:31
question we are at the point where we01:10:36
we are the inhabitants01:10:38
with whom to go into the future so I01:10:43
think that01:10:46
for us the most important thing is to keep01:10:49
the balance balance of interests and in the01:10:52
east and west of Russia this01:10:54
premium in second to what is necessary have01:10:58
the belt around Russia the01:11:02
belt of countries01:11:05
friendly to Russia independently of01:11:08
their presence in Europe and Asia to01:11:11
achieve this delicate geostrategic balance01:11:14
the kz2 gravity of Russia is refocusing01:11:17
towards the east Vladimir Putin's Russia is01:11:19
gradually shifting little towards asia01:11:25
china whose economic growth has01:11:28
a crucial need for new01:11:29
energy resources gas and oil01:11:32
limping russia a natural supplier01:11:35
but distrust and rivalry have01:11:37
always existed between the largest country01:11:40
in the world russia is the country the01:11:42
most populous in the world china01:11:45
after the honeymoon of the 1950s01:11:47
relations between the two countries01:11:49
deteriorated following the abandonment of the01:11:51
soviet model by the leaders beijing the01:11:54
growing oppositions led to01:11:56
particularly serious crisis in the01:11:57
1960s almost a war a rupture01:12:00
in terms of the diplomatic visions01:12:02
of the two giants of the socialist bloc01:12:05
ten years after the fall of the Soviet Union01:12:08
the treaty of friendship and good neighborliness01:12:09
signed in 2001 made it possible to inaugurate01:12:13
new relations01:12:14
today the Russia and China01:12:16
work hand in hand in a01:12:17
structure created in 2001 the01:12:20
Shanghai OCS cooperation organization which01:12:23
brings together six Eurasian countries Russia01:12:26
China but also Kazakhstan01:12:28
Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan and01:12:31
Uzbekistan01:12:32
I kindly ask you come and01:12:34
meet the secretary general01:12:36
the shanghai cooperation organization01:12:39
mr bolat an organ in cork enters and01:12:41
please it is a senior diplomat01:12:43
from kazakhstan who is at the head of the01:12:45
general secretariat bolat nurgaliev has01:12:47
long been the ambassador of01:12:49
kazakhstan in the united states01:12:51
knowledge of this country will be of01:12:54
great benefit to it csa water with the01:12:56
implicit objective of reducing the influence01:12:58
of the united states in the region01:13:04
the shanghai cooperation organization01:13:06
was formed from the01:13:08
shanghai g5 which was founded in 1996 1997 I01:13:13
am on the one hand at the signing of the01:13:15
conventions that Kazakhstan,01:13:17
Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan01:13:19
and on the other hand of China01:13:24
this cooperation in fact concerns the01:13:26
strengthening of confidence in the01:13:28
field military and the reduction of01:13:30
armed forces along the01:13:33
water borders cs allows Russia to secure01:13:36
its borders with now friendly countries01:13:39
but also to stand together against NATO01:13:42
in August 2007 the cs shows its muscles by01:13:45
organizing major maneuvers of01:13:47
military exercises entitled broadcast01:13:49
for peace 2007 brings together six thousand01:13:52
five hundred soldiers from various01:13:53
member countries in the northwest of China01:13:55
a major event in Asia practically01:13:58
gone unnoticed in the West yet01:14:02
it was on the occasion of this meeting in01:14:03
summit of the six heads of state of water01:14:05
is01:14:06
that the Russian president will announce the01:14:08
resumption of flights of01:14:10
Russian strategic bombers interrupted since01:14:12
1992 a clear message directly01:14:16
addressed to NATO01:14:19
today August 17 at midnight01:14:23
6014 strategic bombers01:14:26
took off01:14:27
but also accompanying planes01:14:30
and tanker planes01:14:33
they left from this airfield from01:14:36
different regions of the01:14:37
Russian Federation iso practice01:14:52
it is thanks to the contribution of01:14:54
the organization in safeguarding01:14:56
stability in the area under its01:14:57
responsibility01:14:59
that its authority has become important01:15:07
the cs is a military alliance but01:15:10
not only01:15:12
since 2005 four countries in the region have01:15:15
joined the shanghai cooperation organization01:15:17
as an observer member01:15:19
the affluence of the ocr is now extends to01:15:21
Mongolia, India, Pakistan and01:15:25
Iran,01:15:27
almost a continent which brings together01:15:30
countries rich in energy resources01:15:32
and countries which are cruelly lacking in them01:15:33
to ensure their development.01:15:43
We consider that the potential role01:15:45
of the countries of the organization01:15:47
shanghai's cooperation in maintaining01:15:50
global energy security is01:15:52
considerable01:15:58
software ssrs cage on a global scale01:16:01
our energy reserves combined01:16:04
represent01:16:09
9 of the 20% of oil01:16:14
earns 38% of gas01:16:18
40% of coal01:16:21
and more than 50% of uranium01:16:32
yes01:16:35
within the framework of the osce and s01:16:38
we seek to establish an01:16:41
effective coordination mechanism01:16:43
and they01:16:48
have this goal will take place in the coming01:16:51
months in Moscow01:16:52
the first meeting of ministers01:16:56
and heads of departments from the01:16:59
energy complex01:17:01
of representatives of each of the six member countries01:17:07
in Moscow will discuss the questions01:17:10
of energy strategies01:17:13
and in particular the creation of01:17:15
the water energy club these assets curve01:17:17
thing01:17:19
this new energy club in the heart of01:17:23
Asia will allow Russia and01:17:25
Gazprom to find new outlets01:17:27
for its gas and oil production01:17:29
to exploit new deposits to01:17:31
make new investments01:17:35
my not very good skiers that you01:17:39
meet need of China in gas are01:17:41
obvious01:17:44
the economy of this country is in constant growth01:17:47
the demand of energy resources01:17:50
grown01:17:52
the deliveries of Russian gas to China01:17:56
are as obvious as the01:17:59
rising and setting of the sun01:18:08
however this is absolutely not a01:18:11
reason why01:18:13
European consumers should worry01:18:18
it is impossible to divert the01:18:21
currents of gas01:18:23
as it is sometimes written in the01:18:25
newspapers no basis01:18:28
we learn we cannot01:18:29
turn the valve here in Moscow and01:18:32
direct the gas not to Vienna or01:18:34
Paris but to Beijing or Shanghai01:18:39
[Music]01:18:41
gas and oil which will be supplied to01:18:43
China will come from eastern01:18:45
Russia and Kazakhstan01:18:47
at the time when Gazprom will have to make01:18:49
investments to increase its01:18:50
network it will have to arbitrate between its01:18:52
Asian market and the European market01:18:56
regulate the gas market know where01:18:58
to be concentrated01:19:00
investments it is one of01:19:02
gazprom's priorities01:19:03
each year the01:19:06
international forum of gas exporting countries is organized01:19:08
in 2007 it took place in april01:19:12
in qatar small gulf country01:19:14
member of opec is ranked third01:19:16
world rank for its natural gas reserves01:19:19
three countries russia iran and qatar01:19:22
control nearly 56% of01:19:24
world reserves and 27% of production due01:19:31
to its geographical position qatar01:19:34
has naturally turned to01:19:35
the exploitation of gas in01:19:37
liquefied form exportable by ship01:19:40
throughout the world01:19:44
the 2007 edition of the forum was observed01:19:47
very closely by the Americans and the01:19:49
Europeans01:19:51
because a new idea seems to be01:19:53
emerging in the speeches between the01:19:55
gas exporting countries01:19:57
an idea defended by the Russian present01:20:00
forum01:20:01
but which was launched two months earlier01:20:04
by Vladimir Putin01:20:07
on February 1 during his traditional01:20:09
annual press conference the01:20:11
President of the Russian Federation01:20:13
caused a sensation01:20:15
gazeau à clown creating a gas OPEC is01:20:19
a very interesting idea no01:20:21
we're going to think about01:20:24
it, we have to, but firstly01:20:26
we reach an agreement with the01:20:28
Iranian specialists in01:20:30
mid-October, our01:20:33
Iranian01:20:34
cantonal partners as well as with other countries which01:20:37
are major players in the01:20:39
production of hydrocarbons01:20:41
and especially gas01:20:45
we are already trying to coordinate our01:20:48
actions in the markets01:20:51
of developing countries and we01:20:54
will continue to do so in the future01:20:58
we are not planning to create a01:21:00
cartel01:21:02
but to coordinate our activities and but01:21:06
I think that is the right thing to be01:21:08
done to keep the01:21:09
main objective imad yole01:21:12
reliable and secure supply of our customers01:21:15
at the forum the Russians are pursued by01:21:18
the cameras starting with Alexei01:21:20
Miller the boss of Gazprom but true01:21:23
to his reputation he will not say anything in front of01:21:25
the cameras but at the forum the idea of a01:21:28
gas OPEC is gaining ground01:21:30
[Music]01:21:32
now the school and my joke01:21:34
these are the same principles as those of01:21:37
the windfall when we created we01:21:40
had discussions like this01:21:43
so no it's not does as best we01:21:45
can someone in particular against01:21:48
consumers and that is not that01:21:50
the gas market is a different market01:21:53
from that of oil it is a more mature market01:21:57
we think that we can01:21:59
develop a type of coordination for a01:22:02
common export policy but01:22:04
also for the price01:22:09
harassed by the press the01:22:11
Iranian minister the creation of a gas OPEC01:22:14
in which the Iranians would play an01:22:16
important role worries the West01:22:21
why should there be such a thing01:22:23
there there are needs on the01:22:26
consumers' side and also on the01:22:28
producers' side so the gas must circulate01:22:31
I don't see why there would be this01:22:33
kind of concern I01:22:34
really don't understand adlene from 501:22:38
but the one whose declaration we most expect is01:22:40
c is viktor khristenko01:22:42
russian minister of energy01:22:47
firstly all stakeholders01:22:50
actively support01:22:52
the importance of the organization and01:22:54
functioning of the forum of01:22:56
gas exporting countries01:23:01
secondly with regard to01:23:05
the further work of the forum the01:23:07
Participants agreed on01:23:10
a series of current issues having an01:23:12
impact on the expansion of this type01:23:15
of cooperation. These include01:23:16
topics such as01:23:19
pricing in01:23:20
the gas industry and gas01:23:22
infrastructure. gas industry01:23:24
consumer relations01:23:29
a decision was taken giving01:23:32
rise to the01:23:35
high-level coordination committee which will be responsible for carrying out01:23:37
the work necessary to resolve01:23:40
these issues throughout this01:23:42
year01:23:43
how do you explain the reaction01:23:45
somewhat exasperated with regard to this01:23:47
forum in Europe and the United States01:23:50
and well first of all we can explain it01:23:53
by occasional tensions which01:23:56
mark the energy dialogue in Torres01:23:58
launched by the G8 yesterday01:24:03
I thank you following this forum the01:24:07
room representatives of the United States01:24:08
adopted a bill aimed at01:24:11
thwarting the creation of a gas OPEC01:24:14
the introduction of the project specifies01:24:17
the efforts deployed in the01:24:18
creation of a cartel with a view to fixing01:24:21
prices arbitrarily and outside the market at01:24:23
purposes of political pressure are01:24:25
considered by the United States as an01:24:27
unfriendly step threatening the security01:24:29
of the United States and the entire world01:24:32
[Music]01:24:38
experience01:24:40
30 gazprom is one of the largest01:24:42
gas exporters and this forum01:24:45
offers us an audience where our interlocutors01:24:47
are not so much competitors as01:24:49
actors who have a precise idea of what01:24:51
we do, the nature of our01:24:53
business and with whom we have exchanged01:24:59
given that at present in01:25:01
the world which competes for access01:25:04
to energy resources increases01:25:05
the stakeholders concerned will have to coordinate01:25:08
our actions and our investment projects01:25:13
[Music]01:25:16
a high-level working group will be01:25:19
created which will take charge of the preparation01:25:21
of the agenda for the next01:25:23
meeting01:25:25
we hope that it will take place in Moscow01:25:27
and that we will be able to welcome the01:25:29
participants of the next meeting01:25:30
on the lands of origin of Russian gas01:25:34
at the forum we met several01:25:37
times the number one of Gazprom Alexei01:25:39
Miller going from a01:25:41
discreet meeting to another discreet meeting01:25:43
with gas producers from01:25:45
all over the world that day01:25:47
as always he refused to answer01:25:50
our questions01:25:55
only fifteen years have passed01:25:57
since the fall of the ussr and from a01:26:00
historical point of view it is a period of time01:26:01
very short time when we all know what01:26:03
happened during this period yes01:26:05
a powerful Russia does not01:26:07
necessarily please everyone but I think01:26:09
it is in the interest of the whole world01:26:11
to have a strong Russia rather that a01:26:13
weak russia just like a01:26:16
solid gazprom is an advantage for our clients01:26:18
as for the whole world milov comes out01:26:24
december 2007 three months before the elections01:26:26
president putin appoints his heir apparent01:26:30
dimitri medvedev vice prime minister01:26:33
but also the chairman of the board01:26:35
of directors of gazprom01:26:37
for 17 years is01:26:40
vladimir putin's trusted man for many his01:26:43
appointment to gazprom in 2005 and the01:26:45
insurance for the useful tithe to01:26:46
control the gas giant01:26:49
kremlin candidate the election of dimitri medvedev01:26:51
in march 2008 is assured for theDescription:
Première Diffusion le 05/02/2008 Premier producteur de gaz naturel, la Russie détient un tiers du total des réserves mondiales. Depuis 1992 une société, Gazprom est chargée par l'Etat russe de produire, distribuer et vendre cette source d'énergie. Les hommes de Gazprom sont des professionnels des marchés gaziers, mais aussi des politiques, des ministres, des députés, des ambassadeurs, des conseillers directs du Président Vladimir Poutine. Tous jouent un rôle dans le nouveau jeu énergétique mondial. Un film de Pierre-Alexandre Dolgorouky
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