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1:07

Basic principles;

1:30

Basic Radar's formula;

2:10

Distance of Radar;

2:10

Distance of Radar;

2:34

Vertical and Horizontal beam width (диагарамма направленности);

5:05

Pulse (Зондирующий импульс);

5:29

Wave parameters.

6:54

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) (Частота повторения импульса);

7:49

Wave length (X-band, S-band);

10:30

IMO requirements for Radar/ARPA;

11:01

Bearing and Range discrimination (Разрешающая способность);

12:32

Blind sectors of Radar (Мертвая зона РЛС);

12:58

Radar settings with practical example (Настройки РЛС с примерами).

Take over the second hand vessel, Part 2. Navigation Officer's work

Take over the second hand vessel, Part 2. Navigation Officer's work

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Расхождение с судном которое задрейфовало внезапно

Расхождение с судном которое задрейфовало внезапно

Channel: Sergey Kozlovskiy

Mariners

Radar

RADAR

РЛС

Радиолокация

Радиолокационная станция

САРП

ARPA

Моряк

судоводитель

Navigator

Bridge

Мостик

Судно

Танкер

Collision

COLREG

МППСС

РНП

Radio

Radio navigation

CPA

TCPA

Pulse

Импульс

радионавигация

JRC

Furuno

Радар

Столкновение судов

restricted visibility

watch

OOW

Вахта

Навигация

Navigation

Watchkeeping

Как работает РЛС

как работает радар

морской радар

захват цели

Target

acquire

Bridge equipment

Расхожденние судов

Safety Navigation

Штурман

Рейс

Курсант

00:00:03

[music]

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[music]

00:00:27

[music]

00:00:33

a

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[music]

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hello friends, I present the basic

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principles of working with a ship's radio station,

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radar accuracy, its adjustment radar

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in English radio detection and range

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for the purpose of detecting and determining

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distance in Russian radar is a technical

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tool that is capable of detecting

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using electromagnetic oscillations of

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various target objects and determination of

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coordinates and parameters of their movement;

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simplified principle of operation: the following

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transmitter generates and forms

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high-frequency pulses of

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electromagnetic energy, supplied

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half-wave by water path vf guide to the

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antenna which sends a direct signal at the

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speed of light into space; it

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hits the object and echoes are reflected from it

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the signal is received by the antenna, the receiver

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records the parameters of the reflected signal,

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determining the distance to the object, so

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the pulse travels the distance to the object and

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back, but we are only interested in from our

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antenna to the object itself, then the time of its

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passage must be divided in half

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since the ship's antenna performs

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circular movements at a speed of approximately

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20-30

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revolutions per minute, then all

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objects around the ship are determined; the azimuth sensor

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allows you to determine the direction to

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the object; the data is displayed on the

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radar console display; operational unit display,

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where radar

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information is displayed inside the all-round

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indicator or plain position indicator;

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lesson; the range of the ship's radar

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is determined by the formula

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or by the diagram we We observe a

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pattern: the greater the height of the object

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and the higher the height of our antenna, the

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greater the distance of its detection, which

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means the better the ability of our era

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to detect objects, respectively,

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when a ship in ballast the radar hits further

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and when approaching objects, a

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taller object will appear on the radar earlier.

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important characteristics of the radar are the

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directionality of its antenna

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radar min graphical representation

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is called a radiation pattern

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separates vertical bim dick and

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horizontal bim waits so let's talk about the

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vertical angle relative to the horizon

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under which the radiation passes, the

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maximum radiation power will be on the

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center line and at the upper and lower

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boundaries it will be 2 times less if the angle

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The radiation pattern will be too

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small, then when the ship rocks, the targets will

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periodically disappear and reappear,

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and with an increased angle of the radiation pattern,

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the concentration of radiation

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will be less, which will lead to the loss of the

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echo signal and a decrease in the

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target detection range; it’s like a flashlight; we

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see reflected light radiation

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with magnification its radiation

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pattern brightness weakens so

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what should be the angle this is

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taken care of

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from the floodplain according to the resolution targets on the

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radar must remain visible at

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rolling angles of up to 10 degrees and

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radar manufacturers set this

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angle in the range from 15 to 30 degrees the

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horizontal angle of the

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antenna radiation pattern is between

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the leading and trailing edges of the

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radar radiation and demonstrates radar

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distortion of the target the

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echo signal begins when the leading

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edge b touches the target the

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radar trail aligned with the

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center of the beam is in the direction of the echo signal

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continues to stretch until it reaches the

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trailing edge a at position a stroke and at this

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moment the radar the trail will be in the

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direction c stroke it turns out that the

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actual size of the target will be within

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bh3

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and the radar

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will display an enlarged

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image of the echo signal of the target cc stroke the

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same thing happens with small

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targets that will appear larger on the radar

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about

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[music]

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at long distances large there

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on the vessel is displayed on the radar as a

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large arc-shaped spot and when

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approaching it, the echo signal becomes

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smaller. Lesson Radar manufacturers

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set the horizontal

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angle value within the range from 0 6 degrees to 2

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degrees and in accordance with the floodplain

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requirements, the accuracy of peeling on the target

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must be equal to or less than

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one degree It is important to note that the

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ship's pulse radar, based on

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the name, creates a probing pulse and

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that is, to probe,

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find out using the device, that is,

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pulses with the help of which eras you

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receive information about the presence or

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absence of an object, after studying the

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probing pulse, a

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temporary pause is necessary during which the

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signals

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reflected from the target are received and it is these

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reflected pulses

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of what length that will be the

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target identifiers and only then the

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next pulse is emitted; pulse length

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pulse lance is the time during which the

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pulse leaves the antenna, that is, the

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interval between the moment the leading

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edge of the pulse leaves the antenna and the moment the

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trailing edge exits,

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respectively, the longer the length.

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pulse, the thicker the brighter the

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echo signal from the object will be, there are three

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main types of pulse length:

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short pulse medium pulse and lamps

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pulse is expressed in microseconds depends

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on the selected scale and range of the radar

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ring skills, that is, the selected distance

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at which the radar operates is capable of

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detecting objects

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about what the smaller the scale, the shorter the pulse length;

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however, increasing the pulse length helps

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to better display a battle or a small

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fishing boat in rain or snow; it is better

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to reduce the length of the pulse along them in

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accordance with the recommendations of the

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manufacturers;

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optimal for navigation is a small

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or medium pulse length; lesson;

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pulse repetition rate; pulse rehearsals.

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frequency is the number of pulses

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sent by the radar antenna

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in one second, for a clearer and more

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detailed presentation of the

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radar image, a

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high feather value is necessary;

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however, when working on large scales, a

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larger interval between pulses is necessary so

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that each pulse travels

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longer distances and returns,

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which requires a low break,

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otherwise the system will accept the reflected signal is

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out of turn, which will lead to an erroneous

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determination of the distance to the object when

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working at sea, you probably noticed

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short-term jumps in the target along the

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peeling line, this is especially true when the

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scale changes the range and pulse length,

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garden radar manufacturers set this

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value in the range from 500 to 4000

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the following parameter which determines the

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type of antenna

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is the wavelength in the fns, there are two

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types, the first is expand, that is, x spot.

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wavelength 3 centimeters purity from 9200

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to 9 thousand 500 megahertz and the second option

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is s band

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short wavelength 10 centimeters frequency

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2900 to 3 100 megahertz

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larger antenna the wavelength of the radar

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directly depends on its

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performance after the pulse

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has left the antenna

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its path and energy depends on the following

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main factors: attenuation in the

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atmosphere and diffraction in the first,

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short waves are subject to greater attenuation,

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so the expand echo signal

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emanating from distant targets is

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significantly weakened before

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the container returns,

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at which time the echo signal from the band will be

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strong enough, which means it is

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preferable to

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use it on over long distances,

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also during rain and snowfall, it

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behaves better with a band, in contrast to the shorter

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wavelength of the

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expand, which is commensurate with large

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drops of water that create a shadow and a

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wave of 3 centimeters does not pass an

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oval of 10 centimeters beyond it, with a band it will

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go around the obstacles of the rain and

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close again that is, the wavelength is greater than the

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obstacles and therefore the waves will

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behave as if there were no obstacles at all due

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to diffraction when radar waves

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pass too close to the

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earth's surface they deform down

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towards the curvature of the earth's surface

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and can go beyond the horizon,

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unlike expand another plus in favor of

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range s.b.

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So what are the advantages of expand then? It

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displays small objects more accurately at

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short distances. It allows for

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greater measurement accuracy. As a result, it

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has good resolution,

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which we will talk about later. It also

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needs to be used to receive a

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signal from the radar Mike

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transponder in English dragon radar

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backup

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[music ]

00:10:10

in the process of rescue operations when

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searching for a signal from the radar

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rescue transponder sart search and

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rescue transponder

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which operates in the same

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frequency range as the radar

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expand due to which a different

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radar image is created from all

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other objects

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regarding the requirements on which ships

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should have one or two radars in the sauce it

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is written that on ships over 300 g

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you groan should be x band radar over three

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thousand thunderstorms then our second radar with band and

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over 10 thousand thunderstorms then we must have

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means of automatic radar

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laying sarp or in English and arpa

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here is a list of resolutions and

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to him in relation to the operational

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requirements of radars and arpa,

00:11:01

radar resolution

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is a characteristic of the ability of a

00:11:07

radar station to separate 2

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radar targets located

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next to each other. RFS has

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two types of resolution, the

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first is bearing

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resolution UAH

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discrimination is the ability of a radar

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to display echo targets as separate targets.

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signals from two targets located at the

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same distance from the radar near each

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other, bearing resolution

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depends on the width of the beam in the horizontal

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plane horizon there bim departure the

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smaller the beam width of the horizontal

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plane, the better the

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bearing resolution distance resolution

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range discrimination is the ability of the radar

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display as separate targets

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echoes from two targets located on the

00:12:01

same peel

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close to each other; the main factor on

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which distance resolution depends is the

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pulse length; a

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short pulse provides higher

00:12:15

distance resolution than a long pulse; in

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general, it is recommended to use

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short pulses when short

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range scales for higher

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distance resolution and long

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pulses at large range schools

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to improve radar

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detection, the dead zone rs or

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otherwise shadow sectors,

00:12:36

blind sectors depends on the technical

00:12:39

parameters of the radar and the radiation pattern of the

00:12:43

installation height and the design of the vessel itself

00:12:46

is calculated as follows it is

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also necessary

00:12:52

in particular the design of the vessel due to the

00:12:55

bow and pipe of the

00:12:57

radar settings, perhaps one of the most

00:13:00

important points in this module there

00:13:02

are no ideal settings that can be

00:13:05

set once for all occasions,

00:13:07

it all depends on various conditions,

00:13:09

understanding them correctly and using

00:13:11

the settings will make your life much easier

00:13:14

and will increase the safety of navigation as a

00:13:18

rule on most cruise ships the following

00:13:20

adjustment parameters

00:13:23

tuning is adjusting the sensitivity of

00:13:25

the receiver has 2 modes

00:13:28

automatic and manual the correct

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level of adjustment

00:13:31

ensures a clear display of the target

00:13:34

automatic is recommended when the operating hours

00:13:36

and magnetron are normal

00:13:38

switch to manual when the operating hours of the

00:13:40

magnetron are above the norm sensitive control

00:13:43

gain increasing sensitivity as

00:13:46

the value increases increases

00:13:49

target detection range

00:13:51

improves detection of small objects

00:13:53

at long distances

00:13:55

cons increases noise and false signals

00:13:58

reduces the ability to detect

00:14:00

crowded small targets separately from each

00:14:02

other at short distances equator the

00:14:05

larger the wave the higher the values for

00:14:08

better performance but at the same time it worsens

00:14:10

the ability to display small objects

00:14:13

is logical if they are commensurate with the wave height

00:14:17

rain quater reduces interference from rain and

00:14:20

snow useful when passing near

00:14:22

individual clouds in this example rain

00:14:27

quater is turned off then we raise the rain

00:14:30

quater by 20 percent now by 40

00:14:34

this value is enough to remove the

00:14:37

cloud from the radar but the minus is also that this

00:14:39

setting will worsen the

00:14:41

detection of small objects radar

00:14:44

interference rejection

00:14:46

with a larger congestion of ships remove

00:14:49

interference from the operation of other people's radars operating in the

00:14:53

same range, but if it is necessary to

00:14:56

detect a dragon or sart, this

00:14:59

parameter must be turned off pulse lance

00:15:04

pulse gene we have already found out how it works

00:15:06

from practical recommendations according to

00:15:08

the instructions, the following

00:15:10

short pulse is effective when it is necessary to

00:15:13

separate two targets on the same peeling line,

00:15:16

but small targets will be dim;

00:15:19

oolong pulse, on the contrary, it will connect two

00:15:22

small targets on the peeling line into one,

00:15:24

but the echo signal from small targets

00:15:26

will be more golden the middle here is

00:15:29

the medium pulse enhance the increase

00:15:31

in the video image of echo signals not to be confused

00:15:34

with the pulse length

00:15:36

we are talking only about displaying the

00:15:39

image itself on the radar display

00:15:41

where the target pixels will simply increase and a

00:15:43

small target will be seen better but at the

00:15:47

same time the noise will also become larger

00:15:49

display process videos in modern radars

00:15:52

there is a function called “perc”, this is an

00:15:54

additional software processing

00:15:56

of video, the image on the radar display is

00:15:58

better to turn off the function if you need to

00:16:01

receive a signal from a dragon sart or a

00:16:04

fast-moving object, the van process,

00:16:07

this allows you to perceive

00:16:09

fast-moving objects well, but

00:16:12

objects at low speed will be

00:16:14

dim, recommended at distances of

00:16:16

one and a half miles or less simple average

00:16:19

level simple, on the contrary, works well

00:16:22

with targets that have a low speed epochs

00:16:25

processes targets at high speed it is

00:16:27

recommended to use on scales of three

00:16:30

miles or more, as you have already noticed, all the

00:16:32

radar settings improve something but at the

00:16:35

same time worsen something and vice versa

00:16:38

I have given the settings radar from a

00:16:40

jersey manufacturer as an example, you need to

00:16:43

study the settings of a specific model,

00:16:45

or even better, sketch out a simple

00:16:47

diagram of how to use them for yourself and for

00:16:49

others. More about the radar interface of

00:16:51

automatic radar

00:16:54

padding tools Sark or in English I already

00:16:56

said arpa automatic radio padding eggs

00:16:59

I plan tell in the next part

00:17:01

if anyone is interested, please subscribe to the

00:17:04

channel, like and leave your

00:17:06

anger, thank you all for your attention

00:17:21

[music]

Description:

Basic principles of marine radar 🟢, accuracy, settings. Основные принципы работы судовой РЛС, точность и ее настройки. ⏱ Time codes of chapters: 01:07 ► Basic principles; 02:10 ► Distance of Radar; 02:34 ► Vertical and Horizontal beam width (диагарамма направленности); 05:05 ► Pulse (Зондирующий импульс); 06:54 ► Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) (Частота повторения импульса); 07:49 ► Wave length (X-band, S-band); 10:30 ► IMO requirements for Radar/ARPA; 11:01 ► Bearing and Range discrimination (Разрешающая способность); 12:32 ► Blind sectors of Radar (Мертвая зона РЛС); 12:58 ► Radar settings with practical example (Настройки РЛС с примерами). ⏱ Time codes of formulas: 01:30 🎓 Basic Radar's formula; 02:10 🎓 Distance of Radar; 05:29 🎓 Wave parameters. Если вам нравится контент 👍 и вам он реально пригодился, поддержи проект 💰: ЮMoney https://yoomoney.ru/to/410012494261874 Сбербанк 💳 4276 3000 6319 9908 Music used from Epidemic Sound.

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