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Previous video: 707. А.М. Дымшиц, Р.В. Веселовский: Магнитное поле Земли и других планет Next video: Лекция "Молекулярная экология" курса "Современная масс-спектрометрия: давайте взвесим" Сколтеха

0:03

Что такое фация?

0:10

Что такое микрофация?

0:14

Как регламентируется объем/масштаб фации?

0:16

Есть ли конечный список фаций? Для разных объектов (по географии, возрасту и пр.) фации одинаковы или различны?

0:20

С чего начинать и как проводить фациальный анализ ? На какие данные опираться?

0:31

Что такое секвенции и как они связаны с фациями ?

0:40

Чем отличаются фации от литотипов?

0:42

Ответы на вопросы и тест

Лекция "Молекулярная экология" курса "Современная масс-спектрометрия: давайте взвесим" Сколтеха

Лекция "Молекулярная экология" курса "Современная масс-спектрометрия: давайте взвесим" Сколтеха

Channel: Центр Архэ

707. А.М. Дымшиц, Р.В. Веселовский: Магнитное поле Земли и других планет

707. А.М. Дымшиц, Р.В. Веселовский: Магнитное поле Земли и других планет

Channel: Dmitry Konanykhin

Введение в Petrel: Импорт ГИС

Введение в Petrel: Импорт ГИС

Channel: PETROPORTAL

Введение в Petrel: Создание Шаблонов

Введение в Petrel: Создание Шаблонов

Channel: PETROPORTAL

Фация

Фациальное моделирование

Petrel

Геология

Геофизика

Седименталогия

Нефть

Скважина

Eclipse

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Let's start our webinar, the keys to a complete

00:00:03

analysis, if you can see everything clearly,

00:00:05

please put pluses in the chat, I

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'll keep one eye on it, yeah,

00:00:12

thank you, the pluses are flying,

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and so this is our first test webinar on

00:00:18

lithology of the logia segment, will

00:00:21

this direction be continued in

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this format of webinars on the platform

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Petra school depends on you, so we are

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waiting for your feedback. Are

00:00:31

you interested in the Logia segment, but if you are interested,

00:00:34

write what topics you would like to

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consider, what is interesting for you and

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will be useful, write to the Petra School group

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and on the slide my email address can

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write directly to me

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let's go to the course if you have any questions during the course

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at the end of the course I

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will try to answer them

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so our course is the key to the goal of Mona Lisa

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where this idea came from is that

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in oil companies many of you

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work for us there and you know a lot of

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specialists so or otherwise,

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even

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those specialists who, by the nature of their

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work, do not have a basic

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geological education are faced with functions with social analysis, and at some

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time I asked our specialists to

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sketch out for me the questions that

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cause them the greatest misunderstanding of

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social analysis and, surprisingly,

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the questions that were sent to me turned out to be

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quite a sheet of basic questions,

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this is the task of this course and try to give

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answers to these typical questions that

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arise for many people and here is the place of

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introduction such a question and do

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we always need

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social analysis when considering reservoirs, what do you think,

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try to give your answers in the chat

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is is this a mandatory necessary

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element of building geological

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models? your answer options don’t be

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shy here no one tests you

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for knowledge

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so openly no one wants to give it

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implying that there is some kind of trick

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well but imagine that you

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are dealing with carbonate reservoirs

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that are located on very large

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at depths of five six six and a half

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kilometers where all social characteristics have

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already been leveled,

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will facies work there and

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if you work with a reservoir, some

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confined to the weathering crust of the

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crystalline basement, will

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social analysis be a priority there, it’s

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unlikely that is, we will talk there in

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principle political science model, that is why

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in Peter or certain

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procedures are called the cube of lithology, but

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this is an interesting point,

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nevertheless, this is a question for reflection

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because when you knock on a door on

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which social analysis is written, it is not

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a fact that behind this door you will find

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what you need, what will be necessary and

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correct for constructing geological

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models, and so we move on to these

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simplest typical questions that are most

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often encountered by specialists, but at

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least at some basic

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level of consideration of facies, we are with you under

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all this question quietly in heaven, so

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we will start from the very first simple

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question, what is a patient,

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the term facies is one of the oldest

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geological topics of the seventh, then logically

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it is accurate for the first time it was used by Danish

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scientists

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Nicholas, but already in the middle of the 17th century, while

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studying geology in the

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Florence region,

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Steno called facies what is now accepted

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to call becoming a graphic horizon

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why this happened because in the 17th century

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before essentially the birth of the scientific discipline of

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geology and the creation of some

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theoretical foundations of stratigraphy was

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enough even in such an embryonic

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state, the terminology there was very

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different and very quickly

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and as the stratigraphic began to take shape

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terminology, the term

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facies has lost its meaning, but

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nevertheless, in the 30s of the 19th century,

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he recalled this term in his chair, he was engaged in the

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geology of the worldly mountains, he simply walked

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along the outcrop of the Parisian mountains, he noticed

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that the same horizon changes over

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some distance there and

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then he applied to the term facies a

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designation that is already close to the

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modern understanding of the term facies, that

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is, facies as part of a

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graphical horizon or some

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other stratigraphic unit that

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differs from neighboring rocks significantly

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structurally by a carryover feature,

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these two very respected

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naturalists of the 1st 17th century friend

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should we continue it in the nineteenth century, they already

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introduced a

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double understanding of the term facies, if you

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now look in a textbook or in

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some monographs that are devoted to

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social analysis,

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we can easily get confused there; from the

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last 11 textbooks that I came across,

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the author gave thirty-

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seven different definitions of terms

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facies this is how historically there have been

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three main directions in understanding

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facies

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the first is a purely descriptive concept

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to designate a couple for example

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sandstone facies here on Monday Nikita rising

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of held a wonderful webinar on the topic of

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social modeling in Peter or and

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if someone was present you will probably

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remember that he used facies

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It was in this concept that the facies of

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sandstones were assessed by trout razor

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sandstone and so a further second understanding

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that is sometimes used is

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genetic meaning, when we are

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dealing with some kind of tour bedet us thicknesses

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sometimes they say convince on and facies for

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some sediments trumpet them flows

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this is the second but

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we are not genetic and finally the third

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which is very often used

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is the substitution of terms ation with the environment

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they say personal facies eroding that there

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once was a river flowing and something

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sat there or shallow marine facies

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yes under if we walk through but with these three

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understandings terms of the hotel, the first is

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simply the material structural type of the

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rock, this is pure lithology 2 this is

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the genesis,

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moreover, the genesis which concerns

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primarily the processes and the third is the situation

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of segmentation, not facies 1 and 2 and not 3 as

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such is not in addition to this, as

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geology developed, all sorts of

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additional ones appeared specialized facies

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bio facies cut mutation geochemical phases

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and even to the point that lately

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we have been talking about isotopic fancy,

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that is, this is a certain specialization that

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shows the characteristics of rocks in

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comparison with some neighboring rocks,

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and so what we will still focus on is the

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simplest and most the most understandable and most

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adequate definition of a facies is a

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sedimentation environment

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embodied in sediment

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or a parody, this definition was given a

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long time ago quite a long time ago in the mid-

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twentieth century, but it is the most modern

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why it is important especially for oil workers

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when we talk about facies in this

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understanding we primarily mean

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that we are talking about a certain geological

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body when we are considering a reservoir we

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need to select some thickness of the landing

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section that will have

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the best reservoir properties we are

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not interested in the situation as such

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because the situation

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is just a surface we are

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not developing the surface we are

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developing geological bodies it

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must be said that Exactly the same

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similar understandings are present in

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Bangla language literature,

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that is, here is humus from hell,

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definitions of facies, that is, this is

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from you and is usually understood, the term facies is

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usually used to describe

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some fundamental properties of rocks

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that characterize seigneurial

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units of the unit level and below and

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is characterized defined by their

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characteristics, texture and structure,

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substance,

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texture, and so these two definitions,

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English and Russian, they are

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absolutely adequate and they are easy to

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remember, if briefly here before,

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but such is the image of a person’s face,

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that is, exactly the same way we recognize the

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sedimentary facies, that is, we

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specify what - characteristic

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features and facies that allow us

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to determine that it is this particular facies and not

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any other face of the

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sedimentary facies, this structure texture

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composition color set of fossil remains and

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some other additional

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features that we determine

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the morphology of the geological body is a

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reflection of the hematology of the basin

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landing from the formation in this way, the

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reasons for the formation of just such a

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face, the reasons for the formation of the facies,

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this environment and conditions of

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sedimentation, so the answer to the first

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question, the facies, this environment of

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sedimentation, the plantings carried out

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or a couple of them,

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that is, first of all, the biological body, the

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next question is what is micro facies,

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this term is also very often

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It is found,

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but it is not applied to all rocks.

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Primarily, this system of

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microfacies was developed for

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carbonate rocks. What is this connected with? If

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any of you have come across a carbonate

00:10:57

core, it is very monotonous;

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if you see a core of terrigenous rocks in front of you, you can

00:11:06

immediately see where it is

00:11:08

clay puffs somewhere some

00:11:10

printers with a certain

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urgency and so on the granulometric

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composition always tells us where what

00:11:19

rocks are,

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if we have carbonate rocks and their

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components have very small

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texture sizes and are poorly developed, we don’t know

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how to typify this kermi

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and in at one time quite a long time ago in the second

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half of the twentieth century, Wilson identified

00:11:37

24 micro facies before it was made on the basis of

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Peter's graphic data a little later

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the wing continued to identify carbonate micro

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facies according to the component composition of the rocks and

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connected it to the zapata with notes of

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sedimentation, this is a fairly well-

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known diagram of the wing at the top we see a

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certain sedimentation environments

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from the relatively deep shelf to the

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continental part in a column there is a

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listing of various rocks rocks are

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listed as we would call them

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if we were to determine them under a microscope, give a

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short designation, let's

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speculate on a tank stone or micro

00:12:26

bioplast scarlet pilot calcium sits, that

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is, the structural features

00:12:32

that are determined on micro-level and

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correlates with certain micro facies,

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let's say wax throne speculation, it

00:12:44

correlates with us in a fairly

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deep-sea setting my

00:12:47

sedimentation some of the micro facies

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are characteristic of fairly

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long

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sedimentation environments some for very

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narrow sedimentation environments this is

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actually this feature

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the use of micro facies predominantly

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carbonate rocks,

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micro facies are convenient to use if we

00:13:15

want to detail the structure of a

00:13:20

particular macro facies, let’s say here the

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reef structures are shown in yellow and we

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see what it looks like microscopically,

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what micro facies does

00:13:32

this macro facies consist of, how does this affect the

00:13:36

distribution of reservoir properties and

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characteristics reservoir as a whole, this is a

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great help and the transition

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to the assessment of the filtration bone

00:13:47

properties of rocks and perhaps the only

00:13:49

possible method for characterizing

00:13:51

carbonate reservoirs, that is, for

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carbonates, the petrographic method

00:13:56

is mandatory in our country, and so if we

00:14:01

briefly answer this question, then the

00:14:04

microfacies characterize the sum of

00:14:06

paleontological and the segment of logical

00:14:09

features that can be established

00:14:12

petrographic in thin sections, that is, micro

00:14:15

facies is a complete analogue of

00:14:17

Peter's graphic form, that is, it is the

00:14:20

same rock face, but at the microscopic

00:14:23

level the

00:14:26

following questions are how the

00:14:30

volume and scale of facies are regulated, let's say

00:14:33

a modeler is building some kind of super detailed

00:14:35

geological he wants to

00:14:38

write down the model in detail, where we

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will have the minimum to which we can

00:14:43

reduce the facies, we remember that facies is a

00:14:47

reflection of the bottom topography, a reflection in

00:14:51

some environment,

00:14:53

hence the criteria for identifying a facies, this is the

00:14:58

correlation, the minimum volume of fathers will be

00:15:01

correlated with the elementary landscape,

00:15:04

well, here the subject is two pictures 1 on the

00:15:07

right picture is a hummocky swamp and on the

00:15:10

other is an image of xone-chick.

00:15:13

is not an element of the landscape, so we

00:15:17

will not highlight the fascia of the hummocky bogs,

00:15:23

that is, this is our classification of

00:15:26

minimal facies, it is tied to the

00:15:28

elementary

00:15:29

units of the relief, and finally, we have

00:15:34

very clearly stated

00:15:36

regulatory documents for the stages of

00:15:39

estrogen, carrying out

00:15:42

prospecting and exploration work, here are the connections with

00:15:46

this According to the regulations, this is a temporary

00:15:48

position of the stages and stages of

00:15:49

geological exploration for oil and gas; it is

00:15:51

recommended to carry out a complete analysis

00:15:54

at the stage of

00:15:55

prospecting and evaluation of deposits, that is, the

00:15:59

optimal scale is 1 ten-thousandth,

00:16:06

so the answer to the question facies cannot be

00:16:10

less than the sedimentary body corresponding to the

00:16:13

elementary landscape; the fourth question is

00:16:22

the same or different facies finite

00:16:25

or infinite number of facies, but if

00:16:29

we start from the

00:16:31

sedimentation environment, what do you think,

00:16:33

please answer me in the chat the

00:16:36

sedimentation environment is

00:16:41

finite or the list is endless and so

00:16:50

answer yes if you think and why

00:16:56

conditionally of course look at the

00:16:59

sedimentation environment this is

00:17:01

the surface of the earth the surface of the earth

00:17:04

of course finite and accordingly we

00:17:09

can divide it into different pieces, what we

00:17:12

call these pieces is our business, but

00:17:15

still their number is not infinite, and

00:17:18

now let’s see what is happening with

00:17:20

the fascia, which means that in addition to these very conditions,

00:17:24

we must cut some sedimentary

00:17:27

deposits, imagine the sediments

00:17:30

that are formed in the seas and oceans

00:17:32

now and those that were

00:17:35

forgotten so straight Riphean, for example,

00:17:38

will they be the same, will they be different,

00:17:42

will they be different because in the reef not

00:17:44

only did life begin, the

00:17:47

first organisms appeared, if, for

00:17:50

example, there was an accumulation of

00:17:52

carbonate deposits, these were some

00:17:54

simple cyanobacteria mats

00:17:57

stromatolites, which are now

00:17:59

represented in modern sections in a very

00:18:02

limited way, are the builds tried

00:18:05

endless, which now predominates in

00:18:07

modern seas, oceans, it simply did not

00:18:09

exist, so the environment may have been

00:18:12

similar, but the substance was different, so

00:18:16

our facies are evolving and the

00:18:20

main factors of evolution are changes in the

00:18:24

atmosphere and hydrosphere changes in builds

00:18:28

There are perhaps only some rocks that have

00:18:32

not undergone such temporary

00:18:34

changes associated with the evolution of the earth.

00:18:37

These are terrigenous rocks. Their formation

00:18:40

is controlled primarily by the dynamics of the

00:18:43

sedimentation environment if we have a

00:18:46

fast flow now and there

00:18:49

was a fast flow one and a half billion years

00:18:51

ago in the presence of

00:18:53

this terrigenous material, we

00:18:55

form bodies with a very similar

00:18:58

material structural and textural

00:19:00

composition, so for terrigenous rocks

00:19:04

this revolution is not very

00:19:06

intense, but as for various

00:19:09

yam genic biogenic rocks, of course

00:19:12

evolution

00:19:13

leaves its mark on the evolution of

00:19:16

facies and the main factor of this evolution is

00:19:19

of course biosea now also to the diversity of

00:19:23

facies, here in two pictures on this

00:19:27

slide the same sedimentary conditions are shown,

00:19:30

in both one on the

00:19:34

right and in the left picture this is supra

00:19:36

littoral in the zone, but one is supra

00:19:39

littoral in and the zone is in our

00:19:42

climate and the other supra is a view of the oral zone

00:19:44

in copper climate,

00:19:46

therefore, the precipitation that will be there

00:19:49

will be different, we

00:19:51

will have microbial

00:19:53

affairs, then salt exchange will be

00:19:57

quite diverse, there

00:19:59

will be biogenic components present,

00:20:01

something that will be brought in by the sea,

00:20:03

worms and substance will be present, a

00:20:05

completely different type of

00:20:07

sediment will be present when the fact that the conditions are similar,

00:20:11

that is, the facies of different climatic zones

00:20:14

have their own specifics, the climate determines the

00:20:17

chemistry of the biota,

00:20:18

and as a result, in different

00:20:21

climatic zones,

00:20:22

sediments of different compositions are formed, and so

00:20:29

we got the answer to this

00:20:31

question and the facies are different, their list is

00:20:34

endless and at the same time the maximum

00:20:37

similarity is inherent in terrigenous fat and a

00:20:40

maximum differences for the faces

00:20:42

formed from ban genic and white

00:20:44

scheme genic rocks, this is primarily a

00:20:47

carbonate rock, simply because they are

00:20:49

represented to a greater extent in the

00:20:51

meeting sphere, let's move on to the interesting,

00:20:58

where to start with social analysis, they

00:21:01

often come to me young a

00:21:03

specialist with a stone in his hands and asks

00:21:06

for the facies to be determined for him,

00:21:08

try to give an answer to this question, is

00:21:10

it possible using a separate rock sample

00:21:14

or even a separate layer of rock,

00:21:17

excellent, well done, I

00:21:20

would like to ask the question why not,

00:21:23

but unfortunately we can’t, we can’t with

00:21:25

you within the framework of you even to talk and

00:21:27

so we will start from the beginning, firstly, a

00:21:30

special analysis is carried out for more

00:21:34

or less 1 age deposits, that is,

00:21:37

for more or less Russian

00:21:39

stratigraphic intervals, there in the

00:21:42

chat the question flashed what the

00:21:44

vertical scale of facies should be, it all

00:21:47

depends on the thickness of the

00:21:51

interval for which you are conducting

00:21:53

stratigraphic social analysis and from one

00:21:57

country

00:21:58

on the other hand the vertical scale

00:22:00

will be determined by the differentiation

00:22:03

you make by sections, but in general they say you can

00:22:06

return to the regulatory documents

00:22:08

then you will understand that the vertical

00:22:10

scale does not

00:22:11

generally depend on the scale of

00:22:13

constructing the map or models, that is, these are

00:22:17

two interconnected quantities, and

00:22:20

so we are approaching the update or

00:22:22

approaching the icterna and at home, why should we

00:22:25

start this very official analysis,

00:22:28

we are looking at some kind of continuous,

00:22:29

fairly monotonous carbonate

00:22:31

strata and it is difficult to understand where we from

00:22:34

the site how do we to determine these very facies

00:22:37

in order to begin social analysis it

00:22:40

is necessary to identify reference rocks

00:22:43

reference rocks what are they these are rocks

00:22:47

with unambiguous genetics

00:22:50

with unambiguous gente yourself,

00:22:52

imagine that you

00:22:55

have coal in the terrigenous section, but it is clear that

00:22:57

these are some kind of coastal continental

00:23:00

deposits we can to be

00:23:01

quite sure of this if in our section

00:23:05

there is al of this limestone which

00:23:07

characterizes the lead oral sauna tide

00:23:10

to active means this is the reference fascia, but

00:23:13

it can get caught and then go either

00:23:15

up the section and or down the section to

00:23:18

enlighten the sequential change of

00:23:20

material structural types password that

00:23:23

is, here this is the essence of social

00:23:25

analysis - to single out something more or less

00:23:28

unambiguously and then build on it

00:23:30

the rest of the section and so here is such a

00:23:35

very simple diagram that illustrates

00:23:37

what we do in the course of this very

00:23:40

social analysis, first we

00:23:43

determine the structure and morphology of

00:23:47

sedimentary bodies it is clear when

00:23:49

we are talking about ideological models we first

00:23:51

of all rely on the soloist moment he then

00:23:54

we move on to two levels we have the

00:23:57

level of rocks when we first describe

00:24:00

some analytical data we get

00:24:02

what these rocks are made of what

00:24:04

structures they have textures because layering

00:24:06

cyclicity, so on and so forth,

00:24:08

and the second is the level of rock weak

00:24:12

associations, that is, successive

00:24:15

changes in rocks from some reference

00:24:18

facies, and as a result, we actually

00:24:20

get this very reconstruction of the

00:24:22

situation or structure, that’s enough in general,

00:24:25

let’s look at a simple example of what

00:24:28

it looks like and so here we have a beach with

00:24:32

some very characteristic deposits,

00:24:35

then there is a shallow-water shelf and then there are

00:24:38

relatively deep-water ones,

00:24:40

is there a sea, a transgressive section is coming,

00:24:42

what kind of

00:24:46

vertical change of facies will we have, first

00:24:48

this very beach, then the shallow Michel,

00:24:52

then the deep-water shelf if we

00:24:57

also saw the same reference facies but

00:25:03

then for some reason we have a

00:25:05

stratigraphic unconformity here, but we can

00:25:07

see what awaits what

00:25:09

was preceded by this facies and this facies

00:25:13

was preceded by the deposition of the

00:25:15

aquatic shelf and deep-sea, that is,

00:25:19

knowing that here we are all experiencing a

00:25:21

gradual change in the material

00:25:23

composition we interpret this section

00:25:26

as a slate one, that is, starting from a

00:25:30

specific facies that we

00:25:32

understand, we can complete the

00:25:35

rest of the section, and

00:25:37

social analysis is based on this,

00:25:39

here is another example from one of the

00:25:42

photographs, regression type sections from bottom to top in

00:25:46

this section we have first there are

00:25:48

relatively deep facies, then

00:25:52

smaller and smaller and ends with facies

00:25:56

for living sands, that is, a repressive

00:25:59

type of section that is associated with a decrease in

00:26:02

sea level, this is how

00:26:06

sequences of layers are restored based on

00:26:08

changes in material structural

00:26:10

characteristics, and this is how

00:26:12

social analysis is actually carried out if we go through the cores

00:26:17

all that we describe the same thing from the

00:26:19

rock core, textures, structures,

00:26:21

composition, fauna, determine the genesis of the

00:26:25

rocks that we can determine,

00:26:28

select the same reference facies

00:26:31

that we can cling to, but it’s

00:26:34

not some of them, the ugly soils are listed,

00:26:37

interlayers with organic gasoline

00:26:40

characteristic of certain

00:26:42

sedimentation environments, and then we build hey, the

00:26:45

section in relation to these facies,

00:26:49

here is an example of a specific

00:26:52

object, this is one of the fields of the

00:26:55

Gazprom Neft company,

00:26:57

the carbonate section of the Precambrian is

00:27:00

quite complex, it corresponds to

00:27:03

this model, the

00:27:05

transition from the supra littoral heart to more

00:27:10

or less deep sediments of the sea, this is

00:27:16

the reference facies, dolomite prices,

00:27:19

bacterial mode which is typical

00:27:21

exclusively for the grid zone,

00:27:24

the following rocks are politicized

00:27:27

limestones and then there are pellets

00:27:30

you creed its limestones which are

00:27:32

characteristic of a calm sea environment

00:27:35

and in this way, according to the core,

00:27:37

we have these facies 1 replacing another and

00:27:40

we arrange a social profile for the

00:27:44

results of social analysis usually

00:27:48

is the correlation construction of

00:27:50

social sections that are made in

00:27:52

different joints on this that geologists this is

00:27:55

well known this means here

00:27:59

again on this slide an algorithm for

00:28:01

social analysis is given in detail and an

00:28:04

ecological study of the threshold as a complex

00:28:06

in excavation microscopic any

00:28:08

other methods for identifying the main summer

00:28:12

types and their paragenesis

00:28:14

that is, the sequence of layers, the

00:28:16

identification of reference facies, that is, those

00:28:19

deposits whose social interpretation is

00:28:23

unambiguous and diagnostics

00:28:26

starting from these reference 20

00:28:28

diagnostics of the remaining so-called non-

00:28:30

reference facies based on the mutual

00:28:33

relationship of one layer rock to another

00:28:36

depending on their successive

00:28:38

changes in the section is

00:28:40

another important point on which I

00:28:43

will not dwell much on in

00:28:45

today’s webinar is

00:28:47

to establish the surface of unconformities,

00:28:50

it is clear that in your section there are

00:28:53

surfaces of unconformity, that is, some

00:28:55

breaks in sedimentation, especially

00:28:57

stratigraphic breaks, it is

00:28:59

clear that at these breaks all

00:29:01

social ranks are interrupted and if there are

00:29:05

the opportunity, let’s say, to

00:29:07

immediately diagnose these surfaces,

00:29:10

disagreement intermediaries logis

00:29:13

otter, well, of course, this precedes this

00:29:16

procedure of cial analysis

00:29:18

after we have done these

00:29:20

simple constructions to test working

00:29:23

hypotheses, it is convenient to use standard

00:29:26

models in the company Gazprom Neft and moan

00:29:30

such an atlas of typical facies

00:29:33

sequences of bedding that

00:29:35

help to do this, well, let’s take a

00:29:37

specific model that I already showed

00:29:39

the model to my father, spilled relatives for will remove

00:29:42

the oral to the bottom with carbon or

00:29:45

this is a super super littoral grid in this

00:29:49

case is characterized and for each of

00:29:51

the environments that are presented here on this

00:29:53

model is not given simply

00:29:55

the name of this situation is given by the main

00:29:59

material structural types of rocks and

00:30:02

all the characteristics of rocks by which we

00:30:06

can restore this very situation.

00:30:09

These classes are convenient to use,

00:30:12

at least when you don’t

00:30:14

feel very confident in this version of

00:30:16

the analysis,

00:30:17

it helps a lot because with the

00:30:20

help of these simple techniques, you

00:30:22

can easily choose the model that

00:30:25

most adequately reflects your object,

00:30:30

but once again the same scheme

00:30:32

regarding the algorithm for conducting a

00:30:35

special analysis,

00:30:37

it is clear that at each stage we do not

00:30:40

make do with 1 lithology, we add a

00:30:42

peer or stratum graphical

00:30:44

correlation of the section

00:30:45

and core study data GIS data

00:30:50

is that we usually get a concert not

00:30:53

just a facet but a very facies that has recovered,

00:30:55

this is the ideal option when you have

00:30:57

a combination of all meters

00:30:59

and all methods converge on

00:31:02

your specific result of work in the

00:31:05

final geological model, and on

00:31:08

this slide we will once again present this

00:31:10

algorithm and social analysis, let me

00:31:13

remind you once again that the essence of social

00:31:16

analysis comes down to the genetic

00:31:18

interpretation of the material structural

00:31:20

features of the sequence of

00:31:23

sedimentary rocks, the next section is what

00:31:30

a sequence is and how they are related to the

00:31:35

pats, well, the secret of stratigraphy is a separate

00:31:38

large section, sometimes they say that these are

00:31:42

some of the latest constructions, not a

00:31:44

circus on stratigraphy has existed for a

00:31:46

very long time in the mid-twentieth century, but

00:31:49

in the context of today’s webinar, I

00:31:54

read the question, excuse me, in the chat before the

00:31:56

atlas includes these genes and carbonate

00:31:59

rocks, and so in the context of today’s

00:32:05

webinar, we can see how we

00:32:07

relate rich stratigraphy and

00:32:10

social analysis, so I think that here

00:32:11

in this diagram, everything is quite clear,

00:32:15

anyway, the basis for carrying out any

00:32:17

analysis in one way or another related to

00:32:19

sedimentary strata is the material

00:32:22

structural typification of sedimentary rocks on

00:32:26

the basis of which, first of all, social analysis is carried out.

00:32:28

Social analysis

00:32:30

is part or is desirable as part of the

00:32:34

section of stratigraphy.

00:32:35

then, first of

00:32:37

all, event stratigraphy and

00:32:42

this is the alignment of lateral rows north

00:32:46

to say facies that relate to one

00:32:49

or another event tied to the

00:32:52

relative sea level, so

00:32:56

I’ll try to

00:32:59

show you what it looks like in simple pictures and so

00:33:03

these pictures are taken from the video by Louis and

00:33:05

Po Mara, they relate to a very

00:33:08

specific carbonate platform look

00:33:11

more in Mallorca and using these slides as an example,

00:33:14

we will see how our

00:33:16

facies correlate with sequences and how

00:33:19

below you can see the graph of

00:33:23

sea level changes here. which

00:33:27

corresponds to the diagram is located I will be

00:33:29

here this is the depth of the sea means here

00:33:33

our depth is approximately 25 meters 25

00:33:37

meters is the maximum depth and so

00:33:40

what happens at this depth

00:33:42

in the middle

00:33:43

we have some kind of supra littoral

00:33:46

in the Jason

00:33:48

small coastal sea zone and

00:33:51

then there is the actual a basin with a

00:33:54

maximum depth of 25 meters is the

00:33:57

so-called

00:33:59

low-standing tract,

00:34:02

low-standing we are filling

00:34:05

this marine part of the Assad basin,

00:34:08

filling these poles here is shown,

00:34:10

that is, demolition is underway

00:34:11

from high-standing land, so

00:34:14

we have the dominant shelf facies here and

00:34:19

zones of facies which are located in the

00:34:22

litoral zone and supra summer role in the zone are

00:34:24

quite limited and so a

00:34:27

certain tract systemic tract in the

00:34:30

terminology of the church of stratigraphy is

00:34:33

confined to a certain lateral

00:34:36

row of facies. The

00:34:42

next picture the

00:34:44

next picture illustrates a

00:34:47

transgressive tract by another system, that

00:34:49

is, the sea is advancing. which

00:34:53

corresponds to this picture

00:34:54

is located here, that is, this is the depth of

00:34:56

the sea, somewhere around 70 meters, which we

00:35:00

had to ask, we had a

00:35:03

flooding of this lowland and this lowland

00:35:07

filled

00:35:08

us with some kind of marine sediments

00:35:10

supra the littoral on the Jason moved towards the

00:35:14

land this is what is shown here in

00:35:18

red this is the red body these are the reef

00:35:22

gene structures I have one more

00:35:25

question please tell me here is the tariff of the

00:35:27

gene and the body that is now dedicated

00:35:29

to this part what kind of edge is this

00:35:32

edge what am I waiting for your answers in the chat I

00:35:37

really want with talk to you

00:35:40

ahaha that's what I was counting on

00:35:44

no bar this is a cumulative body this is

00:35:46

of course not a bar this edge of course you

00:35:49

see some kind of inflection here but

00:35:52

look at the depths we have the

00:35:53

maximum depth is 70 75

00:35:57

meters and the maximum depth of the shelf is 140

00:36:01

200 in modern seas in the oceans, the edge of the

00:36:05

shelf is located on average at a depth of

00:36:07

140 meters, but for the ancients, Maria seems to be

00:36:10

a little deeper in love there, but there is an inflection point,

00:36:12

this inflection point is located on the

00:36:16

border of the

00:36:17

upper littoral soup of this zone and

00:36:20

the lower supply the rally, which is sometimes

00:36:24

called the deep-sea shelf and so that

00:36:28

means it’s not here Please confuse these

00:36:30

concepts because the edge, which we

00:36:32

have within the shelf, and the brother

00:36:35

edge, which is actually the

00:36:37

upper part of the continental slope, are

00:36:40

completely different things, and so that means we

00:36:42

are returning to the facies, and here we have a number of

00:36:46

social ones that have already changed in place with those that

00:36:49

control the oral facies, we

00:36:50

have already formed marine facies of the lagoon and

00:36:53

then everything ends again with

00:36:55

relatively deep-sea sediment

00:36:57

ciphers. The third version of the picture

00:37:01

is another social read through the

00:37:05

high sea level. which

00:37:09

corresponds to these conditions is located

00:37:14

here, that is, this is as

00:37:17

deep as possible in comparison with what you and I

00:37:19

already have,

00:37:20

or you see that this zone has become

00:37:23

very wide, this is all shallow water, the target

00:37:25

is the upper littoral soup

00:37:28

where marine sediments are deposited, the

00:37:30

edge of which is located on the border

00:37:32

upper and lower supply the rally it

00:37:35

has shifted from the zone of accumulation

00:37:37

of deep-sea sediments has decreased,

00:37:41

pay attention now to the innovations that we

00:37:44

will highlight here as facies in the section,

00:37:46

of course we want to highlight prev, but

00:37:49

here it’s not like the rift algae bio

00:37:51

germanu, however, this is a certain

00:37:54

facies of frame teenage limestones

00:37:57

look at how it changes in the section,

00:38:00

it is subject to those events

00:38:04

that are associated with changes in sea level,

00:38:07

and this must be understood when we want to

00:38:10

make a correlation, if we include the radio

00:38:13

in the section,

00:38:14

that is, we can not perform color

00:38:16

stratigraphic analysis, but understand that

00:38:19

facies shift in time and even on a

00:38:22

fairly short geological

00:38:24

time scale, that means each

00:38:27

sequence, each tract that

00:38:30

corresponds to a certain level of

00:38:32

development of the basin, this is a certain

00:38:35

lateral order of facies, you can

00:38:43

depict them in different ways, you just need to understand that

00:38:46

the main role of the formation of systemic

00:38:48

tracts is that each of these tracts

00:38:51

is characterized by a set of some pair of rock

00:38:54

gynases. belongs to some

00:38:59

zone, the sea is

00:39:01

larger or smaller and which is subject to

00:39:05

changes in the relative sea level,

00:39:08

during the trap of the aggressive tract we

00:39:11

looked at this was the average picture with an

00:39:13

increase in the relative sea level, the

00:39:15

area increases and the commutation

00:39:18

space begins to grow,

00:39:21

there are different reef genetic structures and all this

00:39:24

reaches of its maximum during the tract of

00:39:27

high standing [ __ ] states

00:39:30

are characterized by low sea level, that

00:39:33

is, this is the time of formation of a thicker

00:39:35

filling of the pool, you can

00:39:37

use these designations,

00:39:41

these are the arrows that are used to

00:39:43

leave everyone playing and exactly the same

00:39:46

similar

00:39:47

image is used in cyclic

00:39:51

analysis, which can also be used they

00:39:53

sometimes they are used together with this

00:39:55

stratigraphy for us 21 analysis changes

00:39:57

another

00:40:00

one more version of the image like this,

00:40:03

we may have models in which

00:40:05

in the construction of which we use

00:40:08

elements of sex stratigraphy or at

00:40:10

least understand how our

00:40:13

collaterals can change social

00:40:15

ranks

00:40:18

so the answer to this is a brief summary of

00:40:22

the information in the sequence compartment sequence

00:40:27

this is a relatively consistent

00:40:29

sequence of genetically related

00:40:32

layers bounded by

00:40:34

unconformity surfaces or with correlated

00:40:37

conformable surfaces and these same

00:40:40

genetically related layers this is the

00:40:43

facies genesis pair the seventh question this is my

00:40:51

favorite simple question how

00:40:53

fats differ from summer types of summer type

00:40:56

this term of

00:40:57

free use is loved more and more

00:41:00

often, of course, it is used by Peter

00:41:03

physicists because they distinguish certain

00:41:07

intervals of layers, some layers

00:41:10

based on the own physical parameters of

00:41:12

these layers or on the basis there of

00:41:14

integration with data on

00:41:16

filtration properties, and

00:41:19

so they see where you are, but they

00:41:21

allocate you, I think that everyone is familiar with this

00:41:23

procedure, the

00:41:24

most ideal term that is

00:41:27

suitable for this is to fly or

00:41:28

whether debts also sometimes use this

00:41:31

term, I honestly admit to you, as a

00:41:33

rule, in those cases when they do not know

00:41:35

what they have allocated or they identified a

00:41:37

specific breed, or whether this

00:41:39

breed is a

00:41:40

facies, we just see some

00:41:42

characteristic features and call it the leta

00:41:45

type, then we give a more thoughtful,

00:41:48

more understandable genetic

00:41:50

interpretation, that is, if briefly, the driga

00:41:52

type is a term of free use

00:41:54

that is not tied to how about

00:41:57

definitions again, this very

00:42:03

designation of summer type as a term of

00:42:05

free use, but in conclusion

00:42:09

I give a small list of recommended

00:42:11

literature and here not everything is new, but this is a

00:42:15

classic, that is, if you want to

00:42:17

delve deeper into the origins of social analysis,

00:42:19

you can turn to this literature and

00:42:22

so colleagues I I finished, I lay down for 40

00:42:26

minutes and we still have a test left,

00:42:29

which you and I will all answer

00:42:31

together, if you have any questions,

00:42:35

you can ask them now in the chat, I’ll try to

00:42:38

answer

00:42:44

colleagues, no questions, let’s move on to the test,

00:42:48

so now we will have

00:42:50

questions for everyone’s answer numbered in the

00:42:55

chat micro facies for terrigenous rocks

00:43:00

no not used simply because it is

00:43:03

not necessary if for

00:43:06

carbonate rocks the main method is

00:43:10

this mass method and in typing

00:43:12

this is petrography then for terrigenous rocks the

00:43:15

main method is this gram lametri I

00:43:19

grain size ski in sorted sti and so on,

00:43:21

these characteristics provide much

00:43:23

more for the genetic interpretation of

00:43:26

terrigenous rocks, delicate petrography,

00:43:28

therefore, for terrigenous rocks,

00:43:30

gravimetric statistics are usually used

00:43:32

no it was not b1 it was b5 is it

00:43:44

possible to determine satiety only by

00:43:46

gis no it is impossible

00:43:49

how recovery occurs you

00:43:52

mean restoration

00:43:54

interpretation different tracts

00:43:58

interpretation of various system

00:44:00

tracts it first,

00:44:01

well, actually, even how we build a model,

00:44:04

first we make some kind of structural

00:44:05

framework from we try to understand where we have

00:44:07

some unconformity surfaces, first of

00:44:10

all within formational ones, and then

00:44:13

we fix what sedimentary bodies

00:44:15

we have within these boundaries,

00:44:17

let's say inside inside inside shaped

00:44:21

breaks, sometimes such information is given by the

00:44:23

media and then using this disk

00:44:26

again depends on what

00:44:29

rocks we use the data for.

00:44:36

here, Alexander,

00:44:40

yes, I briefly answered your question, that

00:44:44

is, first there is a selection

00:44:46

within some boundaries of the separation of

00:44:49

sedimentary bodies,

00:44:50

then, depending on the meters

00:44:52

that Hillel works there,

00:44:54

core data and we detail what

00:44:57

these sedimentary discharges consist of

00:45:00

Victoria level of rocks into layered

00:45:02

associations this there may be a cyclicity or there

00:45:05

may not be a cyclicity,

00:45:07

maybe we just have one rock being replaced by

00:45:11

another, but for example, you see that there

00:45:14

is coal in your section, you saw coal, the

00:45:17

ruble is replaced by nearby limestones, and

00:45:21

this nearby limestone contains

00:45:24

marine fauna, and after that this appearance is

00:45:28

limestone with marine fauna is replaced by

00:45:32

pure limestone in which there are no

00:45:35

close likes and also not a cycle because

00:45:38

it may not be repeated further,

00:45:40

we will just have some kind of more or less

00:45:42

homogeneous carbonate section, but this is a

00:45:45

sequence of layers,

00:45:46

coal, these are coastal continental

00:45:50

formations, maybe some formations

00:45:52

swamps after that, the sea stepped

00:45:56

on this swamp and

00:45:58

a sign of this is the marine fauna,

00:46:01

and then the murid established itself in this

00:46:04

territory and then the development began

00:46:05

exclusively of carbonate

00:46:06

deposition, that is, cyclicity

00:46:09

may or may not exist, but in short, colleagues,

00:46:13

then just like that, well, let's get started to the test

00:46:17

and so on in cards and questions, or rather, each

00:46:20

answer we have by number, you put your options

00:46:23

in the chat and so what are

00:46:26

facies, choose from three options

00:46:28

excellent Tatyana excellent everything

00:46:32

today was not in vain everyone remembered that the

00:46:34

facet sedimentation environment lucis

00:46:36

Lena in the rock thank you colleagues

00:46:40

question next 1 author of the term facies

00:46:43

heads kinski spinogryz did

00:46:49

they fly to

00:46:51

Nicholas but the middle of the 17th century, ever since then

00:46:55

we have been tormented with these facies my

00:47:00

factors controlling the nature and

00:47:03

distribution of facies changes in

00:47:05

sea level hydrodynamics tectonics climate all

00:47:07

of the above excellent super thank you

00:47:17

all of the above tectonics climate

00:47:20

sea level changes hydrodynamics the

00:47:23

next question is

00:47:25

the stage of geological study of the subsoil at

00:47:27

which it is recommended to conduct a

00:47:29

social analysis regional exploration

00:47:33

trial operation exploratory evaluation

00:47:40

colleague very nice yes we

00:47:42

did everything absolutely right this

00:47:44

exploratory evaluation stage is there a

00:47:48

final list of facies yes no for

00:47:51

some rocks

00:48:04

yes

00:48:05

right those who still give a two to the

00:48:08

final list will appreciate the work, the

00:48:17

final list of conditions, is there a

00:48:21

difference in the fascia of different ages,

00:48:24

only two possible answers: yes or no,

00:48:27

excellent colleagues, thank you very much,

00:48:30

absolutely true, of course, the facies of

00:48:31

different ages will be different for us,

00:48:34

especially if this rock is not

00:48:37

terrigenous, which does not apply to the

00:48:43

pioneer facies quartz sandstones littoral

00:48:46

microbial dolomite grids does not apply

00:48:53

excellent cool all well done of course

00:48:55

a pioneer it’s just some kind of body rather

00:48:59

this is the mood of the rock rather than the

00:49:01

pioneer being confined to any

00:49:03

environment now the opposite question

00:49:06

choose the name corresponding to the

00:49:08

concept facies wave breaking sea

00:49:11

rhyme zone limestone politova limestone

00:49:14

littoral put your numbers

00:49:22

variety went well, but the first question

00:49:28

competes, we will still meet, I still want to

00:49:29

put the situation of sedimentation,

00:49:31

we told you that the environment is not a

00:49:34

facies, the third answer option in which

00:49:39

we combine prayers limestone and the

00:49:42

littoral environment is the correct answer

00:49:47

summer type is a synonym for facies analog

00:49:51

sequence term of free use

00:49:54

super excellent term of free

00:49:58

use

00:50:00

and the final question that I

00:50:03

actually didn’t discuss with you during

00:50:05

today’s webinar:

00:50:06

does a special analysis always make it possible to

00:50:09

isolate a reservoir to always only

00:50:11

rocks with preserved primary substances based on

00:50:14

structural features only for rocks that

00:50:16

are in a passive

00:50:18

tectonic regime?

00:50:20

you guys are absolutely right,

00:50:23

of course social analysis makes sense

00:50:25

to carry out

00:50:26

when the primary

00:50:29

material structural features are preserved by

00:50:31

which we ourselves can

00:50:34

restore the

00:50:37

sedimentation environment colleagues,

00:50:40

we are friendly and fun, I hope we passed

00:50:43

this test and the keys to social analysis

00:50:47

I assure you are already in your pocket,

00:50:49

so with all my heart I wish you success in

00:50:52

creating social models, think about

00:50:55

whether you need a binary, sit down mittology

00:50:57

lithology,

00:50:58

if you need it, on what topic write 5 1

00:51:01

cube write to me, we will always be glad to

00:51:04

hear your opinion, thank you all very much

Description:

PETROSCHOOL- образовательная платформа, предоставляющая вебинары и полезные материалы, которые помогут освоить нефтегазовый инжиниринг и совершенствоваться в данной отрасли. На вебинаре рассматривались вопросы: 3:40 - Что такое фация? 10:37 - Что такое микрофация? 14:27 - Как регламентируется объем/масштаб фации? 16:20 - Есть ли конечный список фаций? Для разных объектов (по географии, возрасту и пр.) фации одинаковы или различны? 20:56 - С чего начинать и как проводить фациальный анализ ? На какие данные опираться? 31:29 - Что такое секвенции и как они связаны с фациями ? 40:49 - Чем отличаются фации от литотипов? 42:28 - Ответы на вопросы и тест Следите за расписанием вебинаров и регистрируйтесь на нашем сайте: https://petroschool.ru Подписывайтесь на нашу группу VK, где выкладываются самые полезные материалы и анонсы о предстоящих мероприятиях: https://vk.com/petroschool2020

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