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Next video: 377. В. Н. Решетов: Протон против электрона: водородные ячейки и батареи транспорта будущего

377. В. Н. Решетов: Протон против электрона: водородные ячейки и батареи транспорта будущего

377. В. Н. Решетов: Протон против электрона: водородные ячейки и батареи транспорта будущего

Channel: Dmitry Konanykhin

Конаныхин

Радио России

Российский Радиоуниверситет

Зайцева

МГИМ им. Шнитке

Музыка народного календаря

Культурология

Этнография

Народная музыка

Обжинки

Зажинки

Ильин день

Илья-пророк

Дмитрий Конаныхин

Елена Александровна Зайцева

00:00:03

Dear viewers, you are seeing a technical

00:00:05

recording of the Russian University,

00:00:08

today we have an unusual program, as

00:00:11

always at the end of the month, we are doing a special

00:00:15

music program, music of the folk

00:00:17

calendar, our guest is a

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candidate of art history, professor of the

00:00:21

Moscow State Institute of Music

00:00:23

named after Shni Nitki or Anna Aleksandrovna

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Zaitseva Elena Aleksandrovna my now

00:00:28

we will let's start and tell everyone what

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summer music is and Ilya's music of a new

00:00:34

day ahead the second of August we begin

00:00:39

hello dear radio listeners

00:00:41

this is a Russian university for

00:00:43

students 3-channel hyung today we have an

00:00:46

unusual release today as always at the

00:00:49

end of the month we hear folk music

00:00:53

folk calendar music ahead

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Ilyin’s day and today

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our good friend of

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the candidate of art history, professor of the

00:01:02

Moscow State Institute of Music

00:01:06

named after Schnittke

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Elena Alexandrovna, will tell us about this

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Hello Elena Alexandrovna

00:01:11

Hello Dmitry Hello

00:01:13

dear radio listeners Elena

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Alexandrovna When I was little and

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I was taught to press a sickle to a network of rye, this is to

00:01:22

thresh with a hand flail I never thought

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that 40 years later I would be

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talking about how and correctly to

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sing songs, what customs people came up with, how it

00:01:34

all is woven into the cycle of work,

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the cycle, the worldview, the solstice,

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what we are talking about during our entire

00:01:44

large cycle, music of the folk

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calendar, please tell us what is

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the end of July for you, what is the beginning of

00:01:52

August for you, what is Ilya’s day for you, when the

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prophet Elijah thunders across the sky in his chariot

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and throws lightning,

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I want to say that for me, as a person of the

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21st century, this is an immersion in the atmosphere of the

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folk calendar of the folk village of

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ancient Russia and this a very, very important

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event I want to show to those who see, they only

00:02:17

hear our broadcasts, this

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icon of this procession or prophet on a

00:02:23

fiery chariot to heaven, as is known, on

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July 20 of the old style and on August 2 of the new

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style, Elijah’s Day is celebrated and they

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say a lot about it they say

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that a deer threw a piece of ice into the river before

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swimming, you can’t start August August

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was called the diary, it was also called thick

00:02:51

food, that is, this is a month of abundance and

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the sun would have already passed through the top of the head, summer

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and the top of the top of the head, as we understood

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last time, this is the day of Peter and Paul,

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this is July 12 and among the people they used to say that Peter and

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Paul lowered the hour

00:03:09

and Elijah the prophet 2 dragged away that is, after the

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summer solstice

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by the twelfth of July we already have an hour of

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daylight time. Elijah the prophet

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already used to say that until the middle of the day it is summer

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from the middle of the day it is autumn, but I want to say that

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this is the implementation the Old Testament

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saint

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found life in our understanding,

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it happened quite early and

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not only summer holidays are associated with his name,

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but they also addressed him in winter during

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bullfights, in particular, they sang and Elijah the prophet

00:03:51

walks on him and

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spoke to him in winter so that all this would

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happen next, but I want to say right away

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that Elijah the prophet

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very actively replaced Perun as the supreme

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god of the Slavs, the supreme god of the Russians and

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Ilyin himself the day August 2 is the day of Perun

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and on this day it would

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definitely rain and thunder,

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but let me remind you that Perron was also the god of the

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princely squad name Many archaeologists tell us their very

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interesting symbolism

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about this,

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in particular after a

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place of feasting was found under the soot there

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where stood the idol of Perun surrounded by eight

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figures and then its image

00:04:45

appeared as indicated by various scientists and

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Czech scientists Lubar Niederle and our

00:04:51

academy speak of fishermen in books

00:04:53

paganism of ancient Russia

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paganism of the ancient Slavs here is the appearance of

00:04:58

Perun on spinning wheels

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appearance on various details of houses

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in particular on the reasons and these are some 6 or

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in a dream ray rosettes this is such an

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interesting sign of the platform it existed in

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wooden architecture I want to say right away

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that the wheel is a fiery chariot or

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rising to the sky also consists

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of eight parts from 8

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sectors, and here is such an interesting

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symbolism: digital even, I draw your

00:05:35

attention to even, it was connected as

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raw materials, and so from Peru we

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considered Thursday to be a new day, although August 2

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can naturally fall on any day,

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but this is the presence thunderclouds she

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remains amazingly preserved in childhood

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I have repeatedly told our

00:05:55

radio listeners who I hope

00:05:57

listen to us throughout our

00:05:59

wonderful country. My place was in the

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village of Chernichenko not far from such and on

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August 2 his hands Lena kept saying all the time

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take a raincoat come rain and a shirt

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well you look, the sky is blue,

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there is not a cloud, but there will be a nail and it will

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certainly be raining from where the

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right knock is coming from,

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yes, but I continue my thoughts, I want to

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say that pyrrole, he really was

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one of the very important top of

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other gods of the Slavs, along with Svarog,

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Svarozhich, and Lada Mocha I sew, although I could

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what was she responsible for moisture? She was also

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responsible for the wolf for spinning, but this

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masculine principle in Peru was very

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significant for me, and as we learn, he had children,

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they were brother and sister, and taro, and

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Tartaria or grant tr3 was the

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name of our country for

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quite a long time and on the maps in the museums of

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Simferopol in the museums of Samara there are such

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names

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that I was especially struck by visiting one

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of the largest libraries in the world in Isku

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Real in Spain,

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the guide showed us a map, this map

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is hidden behind the door of the

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second floor of this unique

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habitat of the kings of this unique

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repository

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not only books, manuscripts, but also

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geographical maps, they showed us a map of the

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sixteenth century where Tartary was written

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like this, please

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tell me this is our side,

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this is our village, this is our people, all this

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weaves all this knowledge into the cycle,

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but it’s hell and yet this is the crown of summer,

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this is the offensive a special period in the life of

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any peasant, this is ahead of the strada,

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this is the stubble, this is generally all that is connected

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here, we worked here, and now there will be even more

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work, that is, this is a very

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special period, I remember how I was taught to

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knit the oars and the first sheaf and the last

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sheaf of it, we will talk about this today to speak

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because everything revolves around this

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special ritual of a special introduction of going out

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into the field, because this is all that fills

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this is the basis of everything in later life, how

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you trample and how in

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reality all these peasants came out and

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approached this special

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period of theirs ahead strada

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yes Dmitry, and at the beginning of our

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conversation you mentioned these interesting

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sounds of the chains of the

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sickle of the scythe of the hammer,

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that is, the sound was filled and the sound filled with a

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variety of overtones the whole

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space, the whole space of

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a person’s life, the whole of it, I’ll say this, the landscape and

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from horizon to horizon there really

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were just continuous works of what work,

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weeding, this was very often done by

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children, it was the collection of herbs, the collection of mushrooms and

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berries, but the most important period of this time

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was the harvest,

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and I want to say right away that even the

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word harvest itself is associated with such

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very important concepts as the stomach of Geneva,

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summer, and life,

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that is, for of our ancestors, this is the agricultural

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component, it was the most important, and

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since they idealized many things

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and believed that like attracts

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like, this is what we call a field, they

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used to call it a

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feminine name, it is a field that is

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neuter, they are feminine, and this

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girl who gave birth, she very often

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compared with the image of a girl with a scythe,

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which if she had already given birth to this rye,

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rye, then the word freedom of speech to give birth and

00:10:14

the words of women in labor, and then this is it, she was

00:10:18

surprisingly completely activated

00:10:19

in songs and not at the beginning of our communication,

00:10:22

I would like you to sing one Smolensk

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song that I recorded a long time ago, a spruce tree in the

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Nevsky district in the village of Novospasskoye

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at the Linka mine and such a song in the field

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to get hurt by birch bark stood in my mind

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and yu stop the flock

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alla and stop stood in

00:10:54

the voice of ah.

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I break

00:11:00

the voices

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and to the hair the swallowtail voices can to

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Allah May uma

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and yu with the voice of guca

00:11:21

and or marry me or Scott let emai

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umaya

00:11:36

let go of the light brown braid

00:11:40

[music]

00:11:52

[music]

00:11:55

the image of him is the image of the field that bears

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these ears of which he grew which

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stood he sang everything in the songs and imagine the

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presence or absence of rain

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.

00:12:08

ascended ascended ascended suddenly the rain and

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this voice would fall, that is, naturally a

00:12:13

farmer, a peasant, he was worried

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especially during that period when

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he did many things by hand, but our ancestors

00:12:21

undertook a lot of different, as they would

00:12:25

say now, actions of

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rites and rituals in order for the ear to

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withstand so that no diseases, drought crop

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failures, insects did not strike him, and now

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let’s mentally transfer now from the

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Smolensk region to the Vladimir

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Odessa region there was a very beautiful

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ritual, it was called driving a spikelet for

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one’s own, which means that people from

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different villages of

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middle-aged, elderly people gathered

00:12:57

and everyone stood up in pairs and joined their hands

00:13:02

as follows if we

00:13:04

take hold of the wrist of our left hand with our right hand and

00:13:08

connect that also with the hands of

00:13:10

another person, we will get such a

00:13:13

small chair unit and on these

00:13:17

connected hands there

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should be 100 a

00:13:20

small child should stand up and this little

00:13:22

child should, holding his head, leaning on

00:13:27

his head step with your feet on

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this, let’s say, choral do,

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otherwise you usually had to move

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clockwise around this very thing, not you,

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that is, well, we would say that this is very

00:13:41

similar to a religious procession,

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but it is much older than the rituals

00:13:45

associated with Christianity and there

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was a special song like this a voice at him and in

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this way they walked around

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the field, they protected it, just like a fox

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digs out from fires, they dig such

00:14:47

special ditches, so consider

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that this is not how they protect,

00:14:52

but you can’t just approach a bullet,

00:14:55

so I remember very well that for example, I

00:14:58

was born in Ukraine there is such a custom

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to check the field so that you never know, either an evil

00:15:05

person,

00:15:06

God forbid, or a witch or sorcerer, an

00:15:10

evil spirit may come and create a twist in the field, a

00:15:13

twist is when you imagine

00:15:16

what kind of a whirlwind braids the

00:15:19

ears of wheat into such a rope,

00:15:23

it was impossible to touch it, they were sent slept by a

00:15:25

special person so that the healer could

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come up and pull out that twist, they were

00:15:33

left behind especially for the priest,

00:15:35

they poured wine for the priest and he couldn’t do

00:15:37

it himself, just

00:15:40

take the screw with his bare hands and tell me about the bull

00:15:42

somewhere in the forties of the fifties of the

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19th century

00:15:46

and it was necessary to take it in wrap your hands

00:15:50

in the stole

00:15:51

and pull out that twist and many

00:15:54

priests refused to cry, God forbid

00:15:55

people above the robot, I’m

00:15:58

going to get sick because of this and I’m going to die, and this

00:16:01

twist still had to be

00:16:03

removed somehow in a special way and I

00:16:07

remember the poison for sure that even at 70 ’s of the

00:16:12

last century, everyone was looking to see if there were any

00:16:14

twists in the field, how many years had passed and what was it like

00:16:17

in Russia, this happened, I know

00:16:19

what I want to say, he himself periodically

00:16:22

goes into some interesting such

00:16:24

layers of memory, in our village we didn’t have

00:16:27

such to believe associated with the spinning of the

00:16:29

ears of corn in the field,

00:16:31

but I willingly believe that this could have happened

00:16:33

here, it was usually associated with such a

00:16:36

bomb, or it was also believed that it was

00:16:39

kind of twisting, it came from evil spirits

00:16:41

from witches from negative energy, as they would

00:16:43

say now, but and I want to say that the

00:16:48

very connection of these worlds,

00:16:51

actually different and negative

00:16:56

positive energies

00:16:57

of rituals, was of very great importance

00:17:00

and each of the rituals

00:17:03

he always strived for good, he always

00:17:06

strives for light and turning to the harvest itself,

00:17:10

I want to first of all explain

00:17:12

They have such a general meaning that

00:17:15

if each ritual that we

00:17:17

considered before you will be left with

00:17:20

specifically the wedding and specifically the summer

00:17:23

solstice, it has a specific date, then in the case of

00:17:28

the harvest, Ilyin’s day, August 2, is a

00:17:32

soot soup only an excuse because the harvest

00:17:35

was associated with a certain in the

00:17:37

summer, but in each region,

00:17:39

depending on climatic conditions

00:17:41

and the characteristics of this particular summer,

00:17:43

this happened at different times, but the harvest

00:17:47

had its own boundaries, we would say that

00:17:49

time and space were marked,

00:17:52

and this marking of time and

00:17:54

space was that amazing

00:17:56

protection.

00:17:58

from those bad deeds that sometimes,

00:18:01

with the help of the stole

00:18:03

and with the help of the sign of the cross,

00:18:05

tried to fight these phenomena, so

00:18:09

what kind of peelings of the compressed were they?

00:18:11

Now let’s try to imagine this

00:18:12

long,

00:18:14

very important working period,

00:18:18

labor suffering associated with the field and

00:18:20

harvesting

00:18:21

this first of all, for the zhinka, squeeze the

00:18:26

dozhinka and help and

00:18:30

or sense, look, it means everywhere there is

00:18:33

this

00:18:34

gin, yes yes, but for about before oh the

00:18:39

great mighty Russian language, so this is

00:18:42

how it happened for the zhinka, basically it

00:18:48

was the lot of women and if the men were in the

00:18:52

haymaking,

00:18:53

they passed you had to

00:18:56

drag the hay, but it was precisely this

00:19:01

that was processed by women, but we

00:19:05

can learn about this from Venetsianov’s paintings about

00:19:09

who did what work, actually gravel 7

00:19:12

usually in the way it was for a woman, if we clamp a

00:19:14

certain number of

00:19:17

ears of grain with a sickle and it will fit in ours approximately

00:19:21

inside the elbow, yes, that is, this armful of

00:19:24

ears of ears was

00:19:26

once a snob and the first sheaf,

00:19:28

this and not the ritual of the first

00:19:32

sheaf, it was very important, naturally

00:19:34

it was entrusted to a

00:19:35

beautiful young stately woman, this

00:19:39

sheaf was very often tied with either other

00:19:42

ears of corn or red with a ribbon, and we

00:19:45

remember that this is the most important ob-rek, this is how a

00:19:47

small child twists a

00:19:49

twisted thread around his navel;

00:19:54

no one went to get married if he had bandages on his

00:19:57

stomach in the wrong place; you understand

00:20:00

the sash is exactly the same and could have

00:20:03

gone and then with him along the edge you don’t

00:20:07

necessarily need

00:20:08

to go around, and then we didn’t get this snood home, we

00:20:14

carry it to the red corner, we have

00:20:17

everything we don’t have there, and there are faithful branches

00:20:20

lying and the Trinity Easter wreath, and

00:20:25

this snood, these are the grains, the first

00:20:27

grains they possessed, as ours believed

00:20:31

ancestors with healing power,

00:20:33

if the child gets sick, it means you need to

00:20:36

grind

00:20:37

this flour into millstones to bake the baby, let it

00:20:40

tempt you, if the cow is sick, then you

00:20:42

need to add grains of this

00:20:46

first sheaf to the cow’s food,

00:20:48

I read you every minute graphically, here are

00:20:52

the notes of Vasily Petrovich Miloradovich, an

00:20:55

ethnographer from Poltava, he was 46

00:20:59

years old, Rashid 1846 in 1911 he died,

00:21:02

I have a book like this, a

00:21:05

folk belief on the faith and demonology of

00:21:08

Ukrainians, and here he describes

00:21:11

everything, really, in Russian, sandy, no, and then it was

00:21:13

still difficult with Ukrainian, he says

00:21:15

that he rolled the first handful of compressed rye to get

00:21:19

married three times around her hand

00:21:22

she tucks it

00:21:23

into her belt and presses like that all day long and this

00:21:26

first press that she

00:21:28

collected does not help her so that

00:21:30

her lower back does not hurt, and if someone’s hands

00:21:33

hurt, Vasily Petrovich

00:21:35

Miloradovich writes, then this one

00:21:37

could be rolled off with this grain of the first sheaf

00:21:41

and with this decoction for a person give the

00:21:43

Thai people believed the

00:21:44

enormous power of this, these wives of

00:21:47

this power, it is written here that people

00:21:49

ran around this dream and jumped and

00:21:52

rolled around it, that is, it’s amazing

00:21:55

that each locality has its own

00:21:57

customs and it’s just amazing, we’ll

00:22:00

get to the last snap that in general it’s a

00:22:02

fantastic story,

00:22:03

so here it begins with

00:22:06

quite a lot of hard work to I remember I

00:22:10

went out with a sickle

00:22:11

this is the wallpaper so you work works to

00:22:13

roll up there even before the end of the field

00:22:17

far away the grandmother is nearby and now you work

00:22:19

you work just have time to transport it

00:22:21

knitting well, who knows how to paint that is,

00:22:24

this is so separate, but I want to say

00:22:26

that someone is working

00:22:27

[laughter]

00:22:29

that in ancient Russian songs

00:22:32

all this was reflected

00:22:34

because

00:22:37

they naturally squeezed the hardworking with a golden sickle,

00:22:40

but the lazy ones worked with a deep

00:22:44

sickle, that is, a wooden one on this topic

00:22:47

I want to wash down now a prosperous song of the

00:22:50

Smolensk region, which at one time

00:22:51

was recorded by a collector of the results of

00:22:54

Kharkov and Smolensk song song I

00:23:29

[music]

00:23:31

a lot of sickle and licked Pierrot and

00:23:48

kvass at sunset

00:23:53

[music]

00:23:55

field this field

00:24:03

dozed off standing

00:24:06

and Petrova field and Petrova dozed off standing

00:24:20

lights old and not from Korea sickles and meadows and

00:24:34

and they reap is not a pity and they lived a pity

00:24:50

you will laugh but here I am.

00:24:54

this is a song only in the Little Russian

00:24:57

way, I see it in the notes of

00:25:00

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Markevich, who

00:25:03

wrote it down exactly in 1845, and

00:25:08

golden sickles and steel sickles

00:25:10

and here you are and how they live. perhaps

00:25:15

he tied the sheaves and laid them at the cops and

00:25:17

we chopped up our master slow this is the

00:25:20

forties of the century before last and everything is the

00:25:23

same, the same song

00:25:25

is amazing where is Smolensk

00:25:27

and this is with us this is closer to the Kiev region it’s

00:25:32

important you touched on because in

00:25:35

fact here Smolensk

00:25:37

Bryansk region is the western region of

00:25:39

our Russia, yes, they were connected from

00:25:42

Belarus

00:25:43

from Ukraine because once we were a

00:25:46

single community,

00:25:47

once we were a single people, moreover,

00:25:50

in these regions, sometimes you can ask

00:25:51

the relict they are we Palekh, that is, this is the

00:25:56

unity that it was expressed primarily by

00:25:59

folklore in traditions; moreover,

00:26:02

my colleague and I will start an hour in Poland, this is

00:26:04

golik 3 I want pain during the conservatory

00:26:07

years, we went to Belarus on expeditions and

00:26:10

Gali was engaged in Geneva,

00:26:12

she recorded Belarusian daily

00:26:14

songs, very interesting, and my

00:26:17

friend and I are ok, although we are not knew the

00:26:18

Belarusian languages, we just wrote down

00:26:20

the phonemes, here the grandmother sings, and after it you need to have

00:26:22

time to write down this text, that is,

00:26:24

these same daily rituals are very

00:26:26

beautiful and almost every

00:26:28

nation has them, and remember, I

00:26:31

remembered a picture of a painting by Bruegel,

00:26:33

who is in in prague the knot costs

00:26:36

the harvest exactly the same people sell it, it just

00:26:40

seemed to me that the sheaves are much more

00:26:43

serious, and it seems that they are the same

00:26:46

yellow color, they are the same,

00:26:48

well, joyful color, I don’t know how, like a

00:26:53

tree, like a tree, also on which icons of

00:26:57

raw materials are depicted, that is, this here is the

00:26:59

sunlight that is expressed in grain in

00:27:03

wood in the gold of a sickle, it united, it

00:27:08

united the most different cultures, the most

00:27:11

different peoples and our Slavic and

00:27:13

Germanic and other peoples of Europe, it

00:27:16

was a kind of single symbol of abundance and

00:27:19

joy, but how our customs differed,

00:27:22

we definitely had protective

00:27:25

rites and specifically such rituals,

00:27:29

but they were at the same time protective and

00:27:31

productive; for example, they were preserved in the

00:27:34

Bryansk region in the village of expensive;

00:27:36

there women made such an instrument,

00:27:39

it was called cubicle and

00:27:41

or the ancient pan flute, and

00:27:46

they made these instruments when the

00:27:50

rye itself began to spike, and then they were

00:27:52

simply thrown away as unnecessary

00:27:54

when the colossi were already poured and it was

00:27:57

not necessary, but as they say, sit down in

00:27:59

those bushes to catch the fool,

00:28:01

but there were losses of 100 that these

00:28:04

little ones managed to catch, this is, first of all,

00:28:06

Kulak’s,

00:28:07

I’m holding in my hands a pipe already

00:28:09

made, well, actually in modern

00:28:12

conditions, but now we’ll try and

00:28:14

reproduce the protective ritual when,

00:28:16

during the harvest, thousand during the

00:28:20

marriage of the wives, the second stage, the women

00:28:25

walked in a circle, we have already talked about this

00:28:27

in our previous programs, I invite

00:28:29

radio listeners to listen, and when they

00:28:32

walked clockwise, they stomped, clapped their

00:28:36

hands, or geckos

00:28:38

whistled, but I there are not so many

00:28:41

body parts, so now I’m using these

00:28:43

interesting

00:28:44

instruments, purely female, unlike the

00:28:48

male colleagues on which we

00:28:51

drove horses last time, I’ll try to do this now,

00:28:54

we cleaned our space of our

00:28:57

airwaves in Russia and took care of our niva

00:29:00

and took care of our beloved Moscow, our

00:29:02

country and our dear new land, even if

00:29:05

you want it, you want coronavirus, you want it from evil

00:29:08

thoughts, but the most important thing is the sound

00:29:11

that, and as a result of this, it turns out

00:29:32

fantastic, you know, it’s like such a

00:29:35

rhythmic sound before the wind instrument,

00:29:37

again, a column of air, an appeal to

00:29:42

the universe to higher powers with these

00:29:44

interesting sounds that is, not only

00:29:47

vocal music, not only songs sounded

00:29:49

during the harvest, not only was it very

00:29:51

interesting and the accompaniment of sickles and

00:29:56

chains if they brought this

00:29:59

grain to the threshing floor, but also such

00:30:02

instruments that called for something

00:30:05

bright and good that must necessarily

00:30:07

be our region and svarga,

00:30:09

tell me, after all, if we

00:30:12

imagine that the work is going on all

00:30:14

day long already or in the evenings or ducks in

00:30:19

the news in the late afternoon or during the day, I

00:30:21

imagine this field

00:30:22

is hard labor, it goes down the back under

00:30:27

the flow anyway people hear around them and

00:30:30

life is going on, the sun is going down, the

00:30:34

cuckoo is cuckooing, the whole world around us

00:30:38

lives and sings with its own life, and all the same, they

00:30:41

sang songs not only like that, and in

00:30:44

general they just filled in rituals when

00:30:47

hard work makes you sing because otherwise

00:30:49

you’ll fall, no, you won’t, how

00:30:52

it develops the whole this process

00:30:55

this whole process of the parties here I want to say

00:30:57

the following look you used the words

00:30:59

convict the thing is that a convict and he

00:31:03

very often works under captivity they work for

00:31:04

themselves here a person works for himself and the

00:31:09

sun gives him this power and the

00:31:11

earth gives him and you remembered one

00:31:15

amazing bird cuckoo thank you

00:31:17

for this reminder the fact is that the

00:31:19

cuckoo was considered a bird the prophet it

00:31:22

was a bird Kant the actor who first of

00:31:25

all connects us with the world navi and if

00:31:29

Elijah the Prophet Perun all the gods they

00:31:33

help us with the level of rule and glory we

00:31:36

are with you in in the real

00:31:39

world, from navi, especially with the help of

00:31:42

special genres, which I’ll

00:31:44

tell you right now, the ancestors were called upon, the

00:31:46

ancestors were called upon to

00:31:49

help the farmer preserve that very powerhouse

00:31:52

until late in the evening and until

00:31:54

the early morning, because during the harvest of

00:31:57

roads, indeed, not only every

00:31:59

day, but a fool every hour because if

00:32:02

the weather changes, it starts to rain, you won’t

00:32:04

have time to

00:32:05

collect everything you’ve been saving, so you’ve

00:32:09

grown it, it’s not dispersal and these are very

00:32:11

serious losses, so there were

00:32:14

special earings for cuckoos and if

00:32:18

the funeral of the cuckoo, the ritual funeral of the

00:32:21

cat was held during Trinity, it’s being

00:32:24

built family rituals of

00:32:27

spring and summer, then this is the earing on the

00:32:29

cannon, it was performed by calling on the help of

00:32:33

the ancestors and voiced it something like this, and I’m

00:32:38

not a doll, repent, yes, Nikolai, a penny, a

00:32:40

cat,

00:32:44

and in the field, the field is clean, delivery

00:32:51

to me, wretched k, yes, help me,

00:33:02

you are my dear mother

00:33:06

these are such strange strange accessible

00:33:10

quirks caused by the fact it is addressed it is

00:33:14

not for the recruit from it it is not for the girl’s

00:33:17

cash register it is not for the deceased

00:33:20

it is addressed to the souls of the ancestors who

00:33:23

were called upon as an invisible

00:33:26

force carried felt for these

00:33:30

field works and I think that if I

00:33:33

apologize, because usually this is how we said the

00:33:35

first sheaf, the youngest beautiful

00:33:37

girl comes out young women

00:33:41

anyway, at the same age there was, God forbid, cheese,

00:33:43

but mother and mother are nearby, but if a

00:33:47

song addresses mom, then this is apparently an appeal

00:33:50

to someone maternal, female, at

00:33:53

first there is no just to his mother and

00:33:56

somewhere there as you say to the image of

00:33:59

some distant

00:34:01

or ancestor or even a maternal

00:34:03

deity, it’s better this is something very ancient of

00:34:05

Dmitry I absolutely agree with you I did

00:34:07

n’t connect before it connected

00:34:09

right now if we have this

00:34:12

creation female who is capable of giving birth,

00:34:14

and this is mainly a

00:34:17

female genre, to be honest, I don’t know any of the

00:34:19

quirks of

00:34:20

the name known to have been recorded by reading

00:34:23

which you were performed by men, this is a

00:34:26

purely female path, a purely female share,

00:34:29

and this is the feminine principle about helping in the

00:34:32

works of the throne, both in the image

00:34:36

and in the word both in sound and in timbre

00:34:39

because this sound and, as it were, an echo from

00:34:44

space, it was of great importance in

00:34:46

traditional culture,

00:34:48

but let’s not forget about men,

00:34:51

because in the time before wives there was another

00:34:57

most interesting ritual, but we ourselves removed the

00:35:02

entire field without methodically having simply lost

00:35:07

not a single hour using daylight hours,

00:35:10

but in the western regions this is Pskov

00:35:14

Smolensk and also in the north of Russia

00:35:19

they left an

00:35:20

uncompressed piece about a meter by meter,

00:35:24

just imagine there are ears

00:35:26

of corn but no one touches them,

00:35:31

no one removes them,

00:35:32

another simple question arises: why did

00:35:36

they count what exactly there, in this uncompressed

00:35:39

meter of ears of grain,

00:35:41

throughout the whole rotation of the

00:35:45

entire annual cycle, the niva

00:35:49

field spirit will be stored in some cultures, among the

00:35:52

bolts, the Lithuanians

00:35:54

talk about a certain woman who needs to

00:35:57

braid her hair, but specifically

00:36:01

Gippius and Ewald they wrote down

00:36:05

actually plowed Chechurov my teacher they

00:36:07

recorded the

00:36:08

rituals that associated with beating the

00:36:10

beard of a field grandfather, they tell us about this

00:36:14

and the songs are recorded by another unique

00:36:16

collector, I managed to catch her at

00:36:18

the conservatory, this is Claudius

00:36:20

Georgievna of the Saint, this is the man who

00:36:22

collected a unique collection of Bryansk [ __ ],

00:36:24

it’s amazing and if we continue now, I

00:36:27

just remembered that the day before

00:36:30

leave the last

00:36:31

fathom of this bread everyone

00:36:34

said let's work we

00:36:36

drive out the bunny we chase the

00:36:39

bunny the edges of the field and when I was preparing for the

00:36:43

transfer it

00:36:44

turns out that the field god

00:36:46

everywhere from Russia

00:36:48

through Belarus to East Prussia in

00:36:51

France was depicted in the form of a hare in

00:36:54

France in the form dogs and this is all because of

00:36:57

this, then there in

00:36:59

Germany they even made the last sheaf in the form of a

00:37:02

hare, this is a Russian university for the sake of

00:37:04

Dmitry Konan and Hen our guests are

00:37:06

candidate of art history, professor of the

00:37:08

Moscow State Institute of

00:37:10

Music named after Schnittke Elena Aleksandrovna

00:37:12

Zaitseva and today we are talking about music, isn’t it

00:37:16

just this is not just the music of the folk

00:37:18

calendar, we are talking about the music of the harvest, don’t

00:37:22

switch further, it will only be

00:37:23

more interesting, let’s go, this is a Russian

00:37:28

university studio, Dmitry Konan Ahen,

00:37:30

our guest is a candidate of art history,

00:37:34

professor of the Moscow State

00:37:35

Institute of Music, or Anna Aleksandrovna

00:37:38

Zaitseva, we are talking about the music of the folk

00:37:41

calendar, let’s talk about that how peasants

00:37:45

chase a bunny during the harvest, this is that

00:37:48

special custom when the

00:37:51

bride leaves somewhere about one

00:37:54

square meter on the edge or soot on a sasha tree,

00:37:57

this is a little more

00:37:58

ears of corn that will go into the next

00:38:00

year, it will live there, as Elena Alexandrovna said,

00:38:03

the god is not you or he was often

00:38:06

depicted as a hare, or in France in the

00:38:09

form of a dog, the

00:38:12

ancient Greeks depicted him as a horse,

00:38:14

even then the sheaves were fresh in the form of these

00:38:18

animals, how

00:38:19

they went back to the first gods

00:38:21

long ago forgotten, the hare we drive the last

00:38:25

sheaf or the last communities it is necessary for the

00:38:28

beard who curled the beard Elena

00:38:31

Alexandra, I’ll try to

00:38:33

understand these animals a little and

00:38:35

differentiate them a little, as

00:38:37

for the bunny, the bunny or the rabbit is

00:38:41

different, they talked about Europe and I immediately

00:38:43

remembered Nuremberg, respectively, the city

00:38:48

in which

00:38:53

Albrecht Durer created his masterpieces, man atom, there is a

00:38:56

monument to the rabbit and the rabbit was a symbol

00:38:58

abundance of fertility and Dürer absolutely

00:39:02

brilliantly drew a rabbit where you can

00:39:04

literally see every

00:39:06

lint with a glass, but the rabbit and the bunny are, as I

00:39:11

already said,

00:39:13

reproduction is abundance,

00:39:15

however, the same grandfather who sat in the

00:39:19

meter and on the meter and not a compressed strip,

00:39:21

he rather looked like because this

00:39:25

grandfather, as our ancestors said, this

00:39:27

head had crumbs and had goat legs

00:39:33

because a goat, along with a hare, is another

00:39:37

very erotic and animal that is why

00:39:40

we are

00:39:41

born into a goat on carols, we turn out the fur coat, we

00:39:45

introduce the goat and ask to give her lard,

00:39:48

look how everything is mixed up, how everything is

00:39:51

interconnected, in this evil, powerful and

00:39:54

anthropologically powerful world, returning to

00:39:58

this grandfather, I would like to move on to songs to

00:40:02

songs, and because they did for this

00:40:04

grandfather, for this grandfather, they made that

00:40:06

kind of sacrifice for him, they brought him a jar of kvass,

00:40:10

espically protection, they baked a crust On the edge of the bread to

00:40:13

give birth to a new one, they again put the ears there to come out,

00:40:16

but the ears themselves were taken and

00:40:19

braided in the form of a beard or in the form of obliques and

00:40:22

sprinkled with earth,

00:40:24

just as when we want to evaluate a

00:40:27

currant bush, we bend a twig with earth and

00:40:30

sprinkle it with earth, so we

00:40:31

also did the same thing with the saints into a paste with

00:40:34

these ears,

00:40:35

but what do Bryansk and northern songs tell us about?

00:41:18

about life because it’s all the

00:41:25

same when you were burning from I beg your

00:41:27

pardon 2 I’ll return a little to this

00:41:28

anthropomorphic in the last snap, it turns

00:41:32

out that the ethnographer is a certain Nikolai

00:41:35

Fedorovich Suntsov and so throughout the 19th century he

00:41:37

brings dozhinki in the Penza and

00:41:39

Siberian provinces in which the last

00:41:42

sheaf

00:41:43

was called the birthday people they gave birth in a sundress

00:41:46

and a kokoshnik, no more no less, it’s still a

00:41:48

female image,

00:41:49

look, it’s still female about the group,

00:41:51

look at both male and female, it is very

00:41:53

intricately intertwined, both zoomorphic and

00:41:56

anthropomorphic, and by and large,

00:41:58

many things come together, but we’ve

00:42:02

gone through an hour through the main stages

00:42:05

to get one more harvest,

00:42:08

because if a person is elderly,

00:42:12

if he no longer has

00:42:15

relatives to help him, then the community will definitely help them

00:42:19

collect the harvest; this was the case with my grandmother

00:42:21

when we already lived in Moscow and we could not always

00:42:23

get into a car and quickly get them to

00:42:26

help her.

00:42:27

only later I realized that they were

00:42:29

helping and that is, the village helped the

00:42:31

elderly man and then the elderly

00:42:33

man always thanked the village,

00:42:35

but there were also special songs for this, above,

00:42:40

above, clear months until all the clouds are better

00:42:46

and better and our owner,

00:42:48

before all the men,

00:42:51

he knows how, he died in the field

00:42:58

he knows how to water he knows how to

00:43:01

honor books and then all the stages of

00:43:07

the beginning of the harvest with its first snap

00:43:10

round the end are clamped with you beating the

00:43:14

beard of the field grandfather with this

00:43:18

race of this bunny across the field by a

00:43:23

Lithuanian Lithuanian woman who

00:43:26

is placed on the field by

00:43:27

our as you say and Siberian and

00:43:31

Bryansk field grandfather who will

00:43:34

keep her this niva

00:43:35

because a man really has to

00:43:38

run after a woman, I’m looking at

00:43:42

what customs there were specifically for

00:43:44

stuffing the beard, it’s amazing this

00:43:48

beard is left here, this twisted beard

00:43:53

is saved for the beard, this is in the Kharkov

00:43:55

province of Peter Prokop with Gavrila

00:43:58

and Ilya and pantilimon also

00:44:01

leaves barley for the beard Maccabeus

00:44:03

at this time the magician collects poppy liber

00:44:06

cakes and also makes them for the beard and the most

00:44:09

pure for clothes and buckwheat in a circle for

00:44:13

clothes and oats for the royal

00:44:16

horse’s mane and this custom is recorded

00:44:19

in the Kharkov province of Volhynia, Podol

00:44:22

Kiev, Kherson,

00:44:23

Belarus and in Western Europe it’s the same thing,

00:44:27

you see how close we are,

00:44:29

you see how much is familiar, but it’s also

00:44:32

very important I don’t want to get ahead of myself and

00:44:35

I want to intrigue and attract our

00:44:36

radio listeners,

00:44:38

because I saved ah to them in August 3 and about the

00:44:43

Most Pure Mother of God,

00:44:46

which also means very what is important is the

00:44:51

veneration of the Mother of God and the Dormition

00:44:53

of the Mother of God and the Dormition fast, this will also all

00:44:55

happen in August, that is, we are united in our

00:44:59

culture, the

00:45:01

pre-Christian Christian culture is very interestingly intertwined,

00:45:03

but the most important thing I would like to

00:45:05

say is that on this holiday in these

00:45:08

works

00:45:09

and joys they are amazingly

00:45:11

intertwined

00:45:12

three hypostases of svarga, namely about his

00:45:17

life,

00:45:18

I am ours, they were all connected in order to

00:45:22

help a person, his family and people,

00:45:27

and tell Elena Alexander, after all, such a

00:45:30

labor feat is long and hard

00:45:34

work, I no longer take the words hard labor, you explained to me

00:45:38

taken to this work for in their own field, but

00:45:41

still how it was reflected in culture and

00:45:45

art, our artists, our poets,

00:45:48

our composers, they could simply pass by

00:45:52

such colossal

00:45:55

energy that at this moment

00:45:57

is splashed out by the people of the survey, it’s

00:46:00

huge and you understand, now you’ve

00:46:03

started talking about I just don’t know my

00:46:07

body, I felt this energy

00:46:09

because if you imagine, well, at least the

00:46:11

first sounds of Tchaikovsky’s harvest from the

00:46:15

seasons, this feeling of

00:46:17

really sickles of an amazing rhythm,

00:46:20

or if you remember the lines from Lev

00:46:24

Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina where

00:46:27

Leuven admires the work of the peasants and

00:46:30

believes that the whole future lies in working

00:46:34

in the field, not to mention

00:46:37

Venetsianov, whom I adore, who has a huge

00:46:40

number of paintings dedicated to this topic, including the

00:46:42

famous painting of a threshing floor when he

00:46:46

painted, when he created this painting, he

00:46:49

gave it specifically so that

00:46:51

sunlight could penetrate, he took out the wall in order

00:46:54

to really depict ears of grain really

00:46:59

depict people and how many

00:47:01

amazing karts he has connected seedlings and

00:47:05

and reapers at the reaper with a sickle

00:47:09

she definitely resembles the queen because

00:47:13

her headdress and a woman she not only

00:47:16

wore a headdress because it’s

00:47:18

hot but she

00:47:19

needs a woman from her wedding to

00:47:24

her death there were to be closed heads

00:47:26

there were such rituals and ritual and order and

00:47:29

what amazing music the Serb creates with the

00:47:33

bending of ears of grain and grass, an absolutely

00:47:36

amazing picture Venetsianov has,

00:47:38

it’s called the reapers, we are always with my

00:47:41

students and with friends,

00:47:43

guess who it is, this is a young man and a girl, brother

00:47:48

and sister

00:47:49

and remember the twins, the myth in our conversation

00:47:53

in our program about the summer itself,

00:47:56

who are they, look how tender they are to each

00:47:58

other, their ears of corn, dear

00:48:01

radio listeners, be sure to find these

00:48:04

stunning paintings by Venetsianov marry

00:48:06

marry Gounod and of course the

00:48:10

painting called at the harvest

00:48:12

because here we already see part

00:48:16

it’s not selected in green, but part of

00:48:20

it is yellow, it’s still standing, it’s showing off,

00:48:23

and in the middle, putting aside the Serb, a woman is sitting,

00:48:28

she’s sitting with her

00:48:29

legs folded, absolutely straight with a straight

00:48:33

back, her back doesn’t get tired because

00:48:37

Mother Nature gives her strength and such

00:48:41

amazing works and on deck

00:48:46

hands artists and, of course, in the poems of our

00:48:49

great poets, including Sergei

00:48:51

Yesenin, in the music of a variety of

00:48:54

composers, for Haydn also has this, I

00:48:58

already mentioned it, and Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky,

00:49:00

that is, this theme of harvesting is personal

00:49:04

and it is general, it is joyful and you

00:49:07

will agree, it is beautiful and magnificent I

00:49:11

think that when we do the broadcast

00:49:13

in August and save for later even later

00:49:16

when we come to if you are talking about

00:49:19

how the music of sickles is reflected in

00:49:23

the music created by composers in I remember how

00:49:25

my two grandmothers taught me with a

00:49:28

hand flail milk the same thing and oats

00:49:32

oh I filled myself with bumps, dear

00:49:34

radio listeners, strictly 3 bumps

00:49:36

sat on that right eye on the left

00:49:39

eye and strictly in the center the assistant professor flew

00:49:42

into the forehead, but I remembered for the rest of my life

00:49:45

this rhythm of 2 flails when tah tah tah tah

00:49:48

tah then this one is so it turns you on, it captivates you,

00:49:52

we will talk about this music

00:49:53

separately because the

00:49:55

rhythm and rhythms

00:49:57

thresh the bread, everything connected with the

00:50:01

appearance of bread is then, first, the harvesting,

00:50:03

and now we need to save

00:50:09

this harvest in drops in the cops, and all this will

00:50:12

then fill our lives joyful

00:50:15

energies for the rest of the year

00:50:18

joyful rhythms

00:50:26

we will definitely definitely talk about it

00:50:28

this is Russian for the sake of the university dmitry

00:50:31

Konan and Khin Elena Aleksandrovna Zaitseva

00:50:33

Professor of the Moscow State

00:50:35

Institute of Music named after Schnittke we

00:50:38

tried, we talked about how both

00:50:41

Elijah’s Day and music are expressed in the music of the folk calendar

00:50:45

stubble and the music of the harvest

00:50:50

happiness to our bread Rob don’t get sick and

00:50:53

be happy take care of the bread

00:50:54

you buy in stores it comes from

00:50:57

labor and the enormous energy of our people

00:51:01

be happy all the best

00:51:03

goodbye I think it

00:51:07

turned out Elena Alexandrovna

00:51:10

I’m very interested in what you

00:51:12

found there I will definitely destroy it, read

00:51:15

this book, it’s hard to find it was what

00:51:19

you told about France, this is this

00:51:21

note,

00:51:22

this book was published in 90, the second year by

00:51:25

Ukrainian nationalists as a collection of

00:51:30

ethnographic

00:51:31

sketches of the life of the Ukrainian people, but

00:51:34

only two-thirds of the book is in pure

00:51:37

Russian because The ethnographers

00:51:40

were all Little Russians and they didn’t

00:51:42

know Ukrainian, and these reservations of theirs and these

00:51:45

folk ones simply show real

00:51:48

Little Russian speech, which is natural for me

00:51:50

and which of course

00:51:52

has nothing in common with Ukraine, but these

00:51:56

ethnographers’ sketches, they are very

00:51:58

interesting at home, will be of interest to you

00:52:00

because that the devil will break his leg here, spend it

00:52:03

in the form of Minsk and customs and about werewolves and

00:52:07

everything that just pleases,

00:52:09

but this is very relevant and it’s very

00:52:12

cool that we talk about Ukraine about

00:52:16

Little Russia, of course, because

00:52:18

we are one people, the directorate wishes all Ukrainians

00:52:21

who watch our program happiness, I’m

00:52:25

ending the broadcast, thank you very much,

00:52:27

Irina Alexandrovna, be happy,

00:52:30

all the best, our dear

00:52:33

viewers, goodbye mutually, see

00:52:35

you later, I stopped

Description:

Выпуск 376. 31.07.2020. "Ильин день. Песни жатвы". Как кричит кукушка, как звенит серп, как стучат цепы, как шелестят колосья в снопах, что значит "гнать зайчика", где живёт дух нивы, почему божество урожая у славян заяц, а у французов собака, как ведьмы делают "закрутку" и почему в старину даже священники вырывали закрутку, покрывая руки епитрахилью - о всём многоголосье и многозвучье самого удивительного месяца, когда не то, что каждый день, каждый час на счету - ведь речь идёт о хлебе - смотрите и слушайте удивительный рассказ кандидата искусствоведения профессора Московского государственного института музыки им. Шнитке Елены Александровны Зайцевой. Премьера выпуска состоялась 31.07.2020.

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