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0:00

Introduction

0:10

What is a clause?

0:19

What is a phrase?

0:50

What is an infinitive clause?

2:07

Infinitive clause examples

6:22

What is an infinitive phrase?

8:07

Using an infinitive phrase as a subject

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Subject (grammar)

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about something called an "infinitive clause" and "infinitive phrase". Okay?

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Now, just to review our... before we get into it, I want to review. What is a

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"clause"? A "clause" is a group of words that has a subject and a verb. A

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"phrase" is something that doesn't have a subject or a verb, or one of the

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others. Now, for those of you who have seen my other videos about clauses,

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especially dependent clauses — this will be a lot easier to understand. It is

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very important to know how to use a noun clause, and: What is the function of a

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noun clause? If you haven't seen that video, the link is in the description

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box. Please watch that video, so you understand noun clauses; and then come

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back so you can more easily understand: What is an "infinitive clause"? Now, the

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first thing that you have to understand about infinitive clauses — they're kind

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of not really clauses, because we don't have a conjunction to begin the clause.

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We begin the clause with an infinitive verb, and then we follow that with a

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noun clause. Okay? So, some people will not call this a "clause"; they will just

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call it an "infinitive phrase with a noun clause object". But it's much

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easier just to think of it as a "noun clause", because the complete thing;

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the... the infinitive plus the noun clause have a function together; you

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can't really split them up. Okay? And you'll understand what I mean when we

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look at the examples. Okay? So, the clause begins with an infinitive verb;

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followed by a noun clause, the phrase. Infinitive verb followed by a noun; not

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a clause. Okay? Or a noun phrase. So, that's why it's a phrase. There's no

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subject and verb involved. So, let's look at the examples.

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So, remember: What did we...? For those of you who have seen the noun clause

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lesson, what do we use noun clauses for? Subject, objects, or complements. So,

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with the infinitive, we're going to use them... we're going to use the

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infinitive clauses as complements or as objects. Okay? We can use them as

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subjects, but we'll look at that separately. "The principal was happy to

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learn that his budget would increase next year." So, first thing you want to

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identify is the independent clause; like: What is the actual sentence? So,

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"The principal was happy". Okay? That... that is your actual independent clause.

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But would this be... sentence be complete: "The principal was happy"?

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Well, it can be, but it doesn't really give the listener or the reader the

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information they need to understand the full context. Okay? Was he happy because

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he got a birthday cake? Was he happy because his child finally started to

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walk? Was he happy because he won the lottery? I don't know. So, I need to

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complete this idea of happy by adding a complement. Okay? A "complement" is

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something that completes the idea. So, he was happy. Why? To learn. Now, "to

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learn" is also not enough, because this is a transitive verb. This must have an

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object. To learn what? "that his budget would increase next year". "that his

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budget" — subject, verb — "would increase next year". "that" I put in

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bracket because I can take it out. It is not the subject; I can remove it. I can

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leave it in; take it out — both okay. So, now, the whole thing: "to learn that

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his budget would increase next year". The whole clause works as a complement

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to "happy"; explains why he was happy. Okay?

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Let's look at another example. "The manager gave his staff an extended

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vacation to test whether they would actually take it; not because he was

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generous." So, again: What's the independent clause? "The manager gave

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his staff an extended vacation". Complete sentence; complete idea. I can

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put a period, and that's your whole sentence. But, again, I want to have

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more information. I want to have a more complete idea with context, so I'm going

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to add in an infinitive clause. But, again, remember: I'm not adding... it's

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not really an infinitive clause. I'm just adding the infinitive, but the

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infinitive must be complete because we're using a transitive verb that needs

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an object. So, "The manager gave us... gave them an extended vacation". Why?

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"to test". To test what? "whether they would actually take it; not because he

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was generous". He didn't give it to them because he was generous; he gave it to

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them to test whether they would take it. So, here's your infinitive clause. I'm

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going to sort of break it up, like this. That works, again, as a complement to

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why he gave them this. So, that... you can have the complement to the entire

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independent clause; you can have a complement to one specific word. Why was

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he happy? And why did he give them an extended vacation? And, again, we can

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also use it as an object. "Ask him to find out what she wanted". "Ask him" —

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so, this is who. So, this is your... also a direct object, but you can have

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two. Ask what? What should you ask him? "to find out". To find out what? "what

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she wanted". And, again, noun clause — "what she wanted" as an object "to find

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out". "to find out what she wanted" as an object to the verb: "ask". And,

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again, the subject: "you" because it's a command..., command verb. Okay? So, I'm

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using these infinite... infinitive clauses as one complete unit. This is

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why I call them: "clauses". I don't call it a "noun clause", because the noun

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clause by itself doesn't do anything. The noun clause is part of the

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infinitive; to complete the infinitive. And the infinitive, complete with the

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clause... with a noun clause, works as a complement or an object. Again, "to find

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out what she wanted, ask her". I can use it as a... again, I can ask her... I can

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use it as a subject, but not very commonly used. That's why I didn't give

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you an example. Try to avoid beginning sentences with infinitive clauses as

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subjects; they're not very common. Okay? So, now, we're going to look at phrases

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so... to make sure you understand the difference.

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Okay. So, now, we're going to look at infinitive phrases. Okay? And I have to

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make a little correction about what I said before, but I'll get to that. So,

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here: "I'm happy". This is a... this is an independent clause. This is a

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complete sentence. "I'm happy". I'm happy that it's sunny outside. I'm happy

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that it's warm outside and not cold. I'm happy that the ice cream truck is

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waiting for me to buy... I could be happy about anything, right? So, it's

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not a complete idea until I complete it. And I complete it... I can complete it

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with an infinitive phrase. Why am I happy? To see you. And, again, "to see",

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and then I still have an object "to see" to complete the whole infinitive phrase,

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and I'm using a noun. But before I said: You're going to use a noun. You don't

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have to use a noun; you can use another infinitive phrase, although it's not as

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common. "Be sure". Again, be sure about what? You have to be sure about

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something. "Be sure to remember to turn off the oven." So, "be sure"... So, "to

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remember" is a complement to be sure about what? Remember what? "to turn off

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the oven". So, infinitive phrases can also act as objects. So, when your

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verb... when you have a transitive verb in the infinitive, you can use another

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infinitive as the object. Although, I highly... I don't recommend it. I

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recommend you somehow stick to a noun because they're much easier, especially

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in reading and writing to use a noun. Just: "Be sure to turn off the oven".

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Just go straight to the actual point. This is just a little bit extra. "to to"

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can be a little bit confusing, but correct. Okay? So, make sure you use it

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as a complement. You can use it as a... as an object as well. Okay? Infinitive

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Now, I told you about the infinitive phrase as a subject. I just wanted to

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give you a quick example. "To feel that you're special". So, "that you are

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phrase as an object.

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special" — this is the noun clause as object to "feel". The entire infinitive

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clause is the subject of "is crucial". And then "crucial" needs a complement,

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because you want it crucial in what sense? "to develop a sense of security".

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And then you have a noun phrase as an object to "develop". So, here, you have

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a little bit of everything. Okay? But, generally speaking, people don't like to

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begin sentences with infinitives. They might say: "It is crucial to develop a

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sense of security to feel that you're special." And we use a dummy subject:

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"it", and we put the subject at the end of the clause. Or the end of the

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sentence, I should say. But, again, just so you see it — there it is. And then

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you can use it with a dummy subject as well. So, I hope this was a little bit

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clear. I know clauses are a little bit confusing. Remember: It's not

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technically a clause in terms of having a conjunction — a subordinating

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conjunction — but it's an infinitive with a noun clause that works as one

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piece, as a complement object or sometimes subject. Okay? If you have any

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questions about this, please ask me in the comment section at www.engvid.com.

00:09:31

There's also a quiz you can take to make sure you understand how this all works.

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And please subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come back for more great

00:09:41

grammar lessons, and vocabulary lessons, and all that. And I'll see you then.

00:09:45

Bye.

Description:

What is an infinitive clause? What is an infinitive phrase? You might be interested to learn that this sentence includes an infinitive clause (“to learn that...”). It’s a clause that includes an infinitive followed by a noun clause used together as a complement to what preceded it. Well, that sounds complicated, but if you watch the lesson with me, we’ll go through it step-by-step. You’ll learn the construction, usage, and have plenty of examples and practice. Let’s start. Take the quiz on this lesson here: https://www.engvid.com/advanced-english-grammar-infinitive-clause-infinitive-phrase/ More of my advanced English grammar lessons on clauses: Noun clauses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SrEEPt4MQA Adjective clauses with prepositions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsFtVU7f_yc In this video: 0:00 Introduction 0:10 What is a clause? 0:19 What is a phrase? 0:50 What is an infinitive clause? 2:07 Infinitive clause examples 6:22 What is an infinitive phrase? 8:07 Using an infinitive phrase as a subject

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