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школа

хром

свойства хром

видеоурок по химии

видеоурок

химические свойства хрома

11 класс

егэ

подготовка к ЕГЭ по химии

химикус

намёткина

00:00:01

good afternoon, today we will analyze the

00:00:05

properties of chromium chrome belongs to the

00:00:08

elements of the

00:00:09

secondary subgroup, that is, the kd element, the

00:00:14

features of the d-elements are

00:00:17

primarily due to the

00:00:19

electronic structure of their atoms, in

00:00:22

contrast to the s and n elements, and there their

00:00:25

transition elements are filled with the

00:00:27

d-orbital and pride of the external level and

00:00:32

from the external orbital,

00:00:39

only d electrons in front of the

00:00:41

external and from the external orbital can participate in the formation of chemical bonds,

00:00:45

look at the radii of atoms in one

00:00:49

period vary slightly from among the

00:00:53

secondary elements, this is due to the

00:00:55

structure

00:00:56

because look at the structure of the external

00:00:58

level practically in them all have

00:01:01

the same except for chromium and copper, in which

00:01:05

there is a leakage of electrons, as well as the

00:01:08

electronegativity values

00:01:11

change very slightly and not

00:01:14

rendering means that’s how the program didn’t find me

00:01:17

the note, however, Bush doesn’t

00:01:20

reflect it, in general, then first of all,

00:01:22

in chrome, what in chrome can to name

00:01:28

chameleons among all other

00:01:30

elements, how it forms blue

00:01:33

purple orange yellow white salts

00:01:37

and even red green and black oxide in

00:01:41

addition, but today we will get acquainted

00:01:43

first of all with the properties of chromium itself

00:01:46

and in the next lesson with the properties of

00:01:49

its compounds and so chrome exhibits

00:01:53

it has six valence electrons 5

00:01:56

electrons in the pre-eternal level and one

00:02:00

electron in the outer s-sublevel so

00:02:04

it can exhibit oxidation states from

00:02:07

+ 1 to plus 6 but the most stable

00:02:11

oxidation states plus 3 plus

00:02:13

6 less stable compounds in the

00:02:16

oxidation state plus two in complex

00:02:19

compounds chrome will manifest itself as the

00:02:21

coordination number 6 in

00:02:26

nature shows, it is found most often in the form of

00:02:29

chrome fervently housing and iron ore

00:02:32

and the second most popular crack id

00:02:35

is to obtain chromium

00:02:41

from these compounds uses the

00:02:44

Carpathian army method when

00:02:46

carbon and

00:02:49

aluminum from the army are used as a reducing agent as aluminum is

00:02:52

reduced chrome from its oxide

00:02:57

itself, chrome is a heavy

00:03:00

silver-white refractory metal that

00:03:02

has a very high hardness; it

00:03:05

can even be used in pure glass king

00:03:08

ceramics;

00:03:09

therefore, small amounts of

00:03:12

various alloys are added to improve

00:03:15

their mechanical, primarily

00:03:18

characteristics;

00:03:21

well, let's move on to the chemical

00:03:24

properties of chromium with this point of view,

00:03:27

chrome is very similar to iron, but it follows

00:03:30

that in the activity series it is also

00:03:33

next to iron when interacting with

00:03:36

oxygen and non-metals chrome usually

00:03:40

to an oxidation state of plus 3

00:03:47

oxidizes

00:03:49

with water, also see to an

00:03:53

oxidation state of plus 3, well, it is clear that the reaction

00:03:55

occurs only with high heating if

00:03:58

you remove the oxide film from it with

00:04:01

solutions of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids,

00:04:04

most often to an oxidation state of plus 2,

00:04:08

but with solutions of concentrated

00:04:11

acids under normal conditions, we remember

00:04:14

that concentrated sulfuric and nitric

00:04:16

acid passively root in the cold the

00:04:19

three metals aluminum

00:04:21

chromium iron but at upon heating,

00:04:25

the reaction still occurs and, just like with iron,

00:04:28

chrome, when interacting with

00:04:30

concentrated acids,

00:04:32

oxidizing agents will oxidize to an

00:04:35

oxidation state of plus 3

00:04:38

with solutions of salts, chrome can

00:04:41

displace less active metals from

00:04:44

salts, an oxidation state of plus 2 will be obtained,

00:04:49

it will not dissolve with alkalis maybe,

00:04:53

but it can react with alkaline

00:04:56

melts, oxidizing agents in this case,

00:05:00

its oxidation state will be equal to plus

00:05:03

6

00:05:05

at room temperature,

00:05:08

I repeat once again, chrome is chemically little active

00:05:11

since there is an oxide film on its surface,

00:05:13

if it is destroyed, then

00:05:18

reactions of chromium with oxygen, halogens,

00:05:21

nitrogen and sulfur are possible and it will form a

00:05:26

compound with an oxidation state of plus 3

00:05:32

in the presence of oxygen chrome can

00:05:36

react with acids with solutions of

00:05:39

acids and form compounds in an

00:05:42

oxidation state of plus 3

00:05:44

look at the example with a solution of hydrochloric

00:05:47

acid,

00:05:48

although before we said that in the

00:05:50

absence of oxygen, that is, simply with an

00:05:52

acid solution the oxidation state

00:05:54

will be plus 2, and here the

00:05:57

oxidation degree is plus 3

00:06:01

chromium is used as an alloying

00:06:04

component in the production of special

00:06:07

grades of steel and alloys; steel

00:06:10

containing more than 10 percent

00:06:12

chromium almost does not corrode;

00:06:16

submarine hulls are made from it;

00:06:19

chrome is widely used to

00:06:22

create protective and decorative

00:06:24

chrome plating coatings the

00:06:28

thin film of chromium obtained on the surface of the product

00:06:31

increases its

00:06:33

wear resistance;

00:06:36

chromium compounds are widely used; they are used

00:06:39

for the production of paints in the leather

00:06:43

industry, for example, lead chromate 2;

00:06:47

this yellow crown is used for the preparation of

00:06:50

yellow oil paint; chromium oxide 3;

00:06:52

green crown is used for the preparation of adhesive and

00:06:56

oil paints; chrome paints

00:06:59

differ resistance to light and

00:07:01

air,

00:07:04

thank you all for your attention. In the next

00:07:07

lesson we will look at the properties of chromium compounds

Description:

Свойства хрома. Электронное строение хрома. Видеоурок для 11 класса. Шпаргалки по химии - окисление органических веществ дихроматом по ссылке: https://www.himikus.com/shpargalki?pgid=k06xl8m6-fd2840fe-ca69-4b88-903d-ec60c126abf3

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