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00:00:03

[music]

00:00:05

in the south of Russia between Europe and Asia

00:00:09

rises the majestic mountain range of the

00:00:11

Great Caucasus, the

00:00:14

influence of these mountains extends far

00:00:17

into the valleys

00:00:18

[music]

00:00:26

from the glaciers of the main range to the canyon in the

00:00:29

Caspian Sea, a

00:00:32

wilderness with incredible biological

00:00:35

diversity spreads out

00:00:38

[music]

00:00:40

these rocks shrouded in legends to still

00:00:43

remain largely unexplored

00:00:50

Greater Caucasus

00:00:51

[music] the

00:00:58

mountainous world of Europe is full of legends

00:01:01

Pyrenees Albs the vast Carpathian arc

00:01:05

crosses the continent from west to east

00:01:09

however on the eastern wing behind the Crimea and the

00:01:12

Black Sea there is a thousand-

00:01:14

kilometer mountain range that

00:01:17

dwarfs all others Greater Caucasus at

00:01:21

least a dozen of it peaks higher than the peaks of the

00:01:23

Alps, the

00:01:28

mountains begin immediately near the city of

00:01:31

Sochi

00:01:34

[music]

00:01:41

proximity to the Black Sea makes the Western

00:01:44

Caucasus one of the snowiest regions of

00:01:47

Europe

00:01:48

[music]

00:01:53

in the immediate vicinity of the

00:01:55

seaside city lie magical

00:01:57

virgin forests that in late autumn are

00:01:59

covered with a thick layer of snow

00:02:02

[music ]

00:02:11

these forests are the habitat of the last

00:02:14

Caucasian bison, the icy cold is not scary for them,

00:02:20

however, it is very difficult for them to get

00:02:23

food for themselves under the snow cover and the branches are a

00:02:26

poor substitute

00:02:34

[music]

00:02:38

the herd moves on, guided by both hunger

00:02:40

and instincts,

00:02:42

the animals feel that soon the ground

00:02:44

will be covered with a 3-4 meter layer of snow

00:02:48

too a lot even for the largest

00:02:51

land mammals in Europe

00:02:53

at some point the leader gives a signal and a

00:02:56

long difficult hike begins

00:03:04

[music]

00:03:10

migrating animals go up the

00:03:13

slope away from the clouds hanging over the forest belt

00:03:19

[music] there is

00:03:25

less snow here but much colder and

00:03:28

the window and

00:03:30

mountain the icy wasteland is inhospitable and the

00:03:33

barren

00:03:38

herd rises higher and higher, which

00:03:41

carries them upward; many high mountain

00:03:44

valleys are covered with snow and dangerous; one

00:03:47

wrong move and the bulky animal

00:03:49

can fall or fall into a crevice; the

00:03:53

hike overcomes the endless snowy

00:03:56

expanse; another herd joins

00:03:59

[music]

00:04:10

[music]

00:04:16

[music ]

00:04:18

at the end of the climb, the bison reach

00:04:20

the territory of the chamois

00:04:21

[music]

00:04:29

among this white silence, even such

00:04:32

huge animals look tiny

00:04:35

and lost but they remain

00:04:38

what are they waiting for

00:04:39

[music] the

00:04:52

answer comes with the south wind

00:05:05

towers figurative clouds collide with the

00:05:07

mountains and immediately seem to get stuck

00:05:14

steep the mountain slopes are not an obstacle to the

00:05:17

wind,

00:05:21

almost at the same moment a

00:05:23

storm hits the board, accelerated by icy

00:05:26

downdrafts

00:05:42

[music]

00:05:43

it ends as quickly as

00:05:46

it began

00:05:47

[music]

00:05:51

the sky above the plateau becomes surprisingly

00:05:53

clear, an

00:05:55

area of high pressure drives away

00:05:58

the clouds

00:05:59

[music]

00:06:13

now the winter sun is warming up the board has

00:06:16

just been cleared of snow, the

00:06:23

grass is well preserved under the ice blanket, quite nutritious

00:06:31

for a short moment in the middle of the Caucasian

00:06:34

winter, summer has come,

00:06:47

now it is clear why it was so important for the bison to

00:06:50

withstand the snowstorm

00:06:51

in winter, only at such a height can they

00:06:54

find pasture to survive the cold

00:06:57

season

00:07:02

amazingly the meadows of the Western Caucasus on at

00:07:05

an altitude of 3000 meters are an ideal

00:07:08

winter feeding ground for huge

00:07:10

vegetarians

00:07:12

[music]

00:07:20

and the Devil's Gate creates a breathtaking

00:07:23

backdrop

00:07:24

[music]

00:07:31

north of the Caucasus lie vast valleys

00:07:33

with high levels of precipitation

00:07:36

here begin the Kalmyk steppes with their

00:07:39

special inhabitants

00:07:41

[music]

00:07:47

steppe inhabitants saiga antelope

00:07:52

[music ]

00:07:59

they prefer open areas,

00:08:02

it seems as if they are constantly running,

00:08:05

regardless of what gave them the start. In

00:08:21

winter, living in the steppe is difficult, although it lies

00:08:24

three kilometers below the bison pasture. The

00:08:37

trunks of us and saigas have

00:08:40

long remained a mystery to scientists;

00:08:42

today it is known what they provide

00:08:45

unique conditioning for animals,

00:08:48

such noticeable nasal cavities moisturize

00:08:51

and warm the icy air of the steppes,

00:08:53

protecting the lungs of these stayers;

00:09:06

if you approach the Caucasus of the north, you

00:09:08

cannot help but notice the double peak of Elbrus,

00:09:11

more than 5 thousand 600 meters high, the

00:09:16

highest mountain peak in Europe

00:09:19

rises majestically among the

00:09:21

foothills away from the main ridge

00:09:25

[music ] a

00:09:26

dormant volcano a full 800 meters above

00:09:29

Mont Blanc

00:09:34

[music]

00:09:36

and behind another double peak, in

00:09:39

Georgia, Europe, it gradually turns into

00:09:41

Asia

00:09:42

[music]

00:09:49

it’s hard to imagine that life could glimmer among this and the

00:09:51

boulder-covered terrain,

00:09:53

but at the end of April loud

00:09:56

sounds echo across to the mountains and

00:10:06

in the helmet and mountain turkeys at Lara

00:10:13

they live among the rocky cliffs right up

00:10:16

to the line of vegetation

00:10:18

the first travelers nicknamed these

00:10:21

shy birds in the mountain turkeys

00:10:35

ibex are nervous spring avalanche season

00:11:01

thousands of tons of snow rush with a roar into the

00:11:04

valleys turning the mountain slopes into death zones

00:11:08

it is not clear whether there is Animals have an internal

00:11:11

avalanche warning system, a

00:11:13

kind of sixth sense. If there is one, it

00:11:16

seems that it does not always help animals

00:11:18

in the Caucasus, since many of them

00:11:20

become victims of an avalanche.

00:11:23

Laras clearly do not survive, but capricorns

00:11:27

doubt

00:11:28

whether the snow will be able to withstand

00:11:34

much faster descent on the soft

00:11:36

surface of the melted snow cover.

00:11:38

than on a rocky slope

00:11:59

ibex in the Caucasus are called turs

00:12:09

kids roll head over heels down the slope

00:12:12

good training in case of danger we

00:12:14

always do it under the supervision of

00:12:17

vigilant mothers

00:12:25

but it’s so joyful from how they do

00:12:27

n’t last long in the

00:12:31

spring periods of good weather last a

00:12:33

short time

00:12:35

here the seasons they trust me within

00:12:39

24 hours beautiful hot summer can

00:12:41

give way to autumn and then deep winter;

00:12:48

however, the combination of the rich

00:12:50

landscape of the region and its harsh climate has

00:12:52

given rise to an incredible diversity of life forms

00:12:57

[music]

00:13:00

[applause]

00:13:05

at the

00:13:07

eastern Dagestan foothills lies the

00:13:10

huge sand dune of the Sary [ __ ]

00:13:17

with a height of 260 meters and a length of 1 kilometer

00:13:21

it a dune on the edge of Europe a miniature

00:13:24

version of the vast deserts of central Asia

00:13:28

[music] the

00:13:35

long-eared hedgehog

00:13:41

disappears in a moment of danger

00:13:44

[music]

00:13:49

like lizards, large populations of long-eared

00:13:53

hedgehogs are more common in central Asia,

00:13:55

but here in the eastern Caucasus is

00:13:58

their outpost

00:14:00

their pointed ears not only help

00:14:03

hear but also regulate body temperature,

00:14:10

however, the new females have one goal,

00:14:23

as the name implies, wandering dunes

00:14:25

constantly move under the control of

00:14:28

the wind, without which none of them would grow,

00:14:34

not a single plant can take root in

00:14:37

this endless sandstorm,

00:14:41

but the lizards have adapted

00:14:45

special flaps that cover them eyes

00:14:47

and nasal openings,

00:14:59

and

00:15:02

far from the sandstorm in the depths of the dune, the hedgehog

00:15:05

is fed by the young;

00:15:12

long-eared hedgehogs are incredibly fertile; in

00:15:15

good years, the brood can number

00:15:18

up to 10 individuals;

00:15:23

in this case, the mother takes care of only

00:15:26

two gates, but even here she needs

00:15:29

breaks;

00:15:38

in a few days the hedgehogs will make their

00:15:41

first excursion but for now they are just

00:15:43

trying not to bump into each other’s sharp needles

00:15:48

and

00:15:49

[music]

00:16:08

the morning after a storm is calm,

00:16:10

it foreshadows a hot day in the desert

00:16:13

[music]

00:16:19

hedgehogs put off going upstairs until the last minute, just

00:16:22

like their short-eared relatives,

00:16:25

they don’t like the hot sun

00:16:28

[music]

00:16:32

lizards on the contrary, they hunt during the day,

00:16:36

unsuccessful choice of prey, the bug protects

00:16:40

itself with a caustic secretion that kills,

00:16:42

if not the predator itself, then at

00:16:44

least its appetite

00:16:48

and [music]

00:16:52

this time

00:16:54

[music]

00:17:06

portions of this size will be enough for the whole

00:17:09

day

00:17:16

lunch or danger

00:17:22

neither this nor that just a small lizard I'm

00:17:26

a snake looking for shade

00:17:35

in the dry Northern Caucasus spring is short

00:17:37

and busy

00:17:39

we need to use this time for good

00:17:42

[music]

00:17:50

centipede hunt these aggressive

00:17:53

arthropods eat everything that comes

00:17:56

along the way neutralizing even the largest

00:17:58

prey with their strong poison a

00:18:05

young hedgehog has no immunity against the

00:18:08

effects of centipede poison everything

00:18:10

speed and confidence in biting the

00:18:13

right end decide the dune of

00:18:18

Sarah Kum is small and

00:18:21

isolated nevertheless it is

00:18:23

the only sandy desert in Russia

00:18:26

the origin of the dune lies nearby the valley of the

00:18:29

eastern foothills stretch along

00:18:31

powerful sandy cliffs

00:18:44

in the western Caucasus limestone

00:18:46

canyons meet the high-mountain summer

00:18:49

[music]

00:19:02

in at the beginning of July, many mountain meadows are in

00:19:05

full bloom and in the media that botany is

00:19:09

the homeland of more than six and a half thousand

00:19:11

plants and a quarter of them can

00:19:14

only be found here

00:19:20

not

00:19:23

[music]

00:19:26

in the shadow of glaciers the tours butt with each

00:19:30

other

00:19:31

they kneel down to get

00:19:34

to the salty

00:19:36

there is little salt on the ground at high altitudes, which

00:19:39

explains the strenuous efforts of the aurochs,

00:19:57

although their hooves are not adapted for

00:20:00

such tasks, the animals are carried away

00:20:02

trying to scratch the ground, the

00:20:07

guy nearby found a better place,

00:20:11

which means now he will get

00:20:16

heads colliding everywhere, a good

00:20:19

opportunity to test their strength, even if in a

00:20:22

playful form,

00:20:32

their activity does not remain without attention on the

00:20:36

floor above, someone is also scratching and

00:20:39

scratching, however, the chamois, having warmed up under

00:20:42

the sun, are looking not for salt, but for cool snow; the

00:20:45

calves are having fun on the slope;

00:20:57

adult chamois, however,

00:21:00

the snow is still fluctuating; it is not yet dense enough;

00:21:04

who is the first to dare to enter the arena;

00:21:07

each is trying to egg on the other

00:21:10

[music]

00:21:18

result

00:21:21

[music]

00:21:23

finally someone comes out and the snowy slope

00:21:26

becomes a dance floor

00:21:28

[music]

00:21:34

[music] the

00:21:44

indecisive have to join whether

00:21:46

they want it or not, in the end

00:21:49

everyone dances

00:21:52

[music] with

00:22:03

incredibly wild movements chamois

00:22:06

gallop along the snowy slope

00:22:07

[music]

00:22:16

theirs are clearly limitless the energy is explained

00:22:19

by the fact that animals that have adapted to life at

00:22:21

high altitude have incredibly

00:22:22

large lungs

00:22:24

[music]

00:22:40

pirouettes count only if you manage to

00:22:42

land successfully on four legs

00:22:50

the second attempt

00:22:51

[music]

00:22:58

without problems,

00:23:02

the behavior of chamois does not carry any special

00:23:05

meaning, it’s just how they express their

00:23:08

joy of life [music]

00:23:18

confident, agile they show their

00:23:21

abilities

00:23:23

and the

00:23:25

cumbersome tour only gets the role of

00:23:28

spectators

00:23:38

another weather change is brewing

00:23:41

[music]

00:23:44

heavy clouds from the Black Sea swirl

00:23:47

over the ridge

00:23:54

the animals are nervous, it is likely that

00:23:58

they are beginning to feel the increasing

00:24:00

electrification of the air

00:24:02

[music]

00:24:06

Western Caucasus one of the rainiest

00:24:08

regions of Europe, a

00:24:13

storm begins,

00:24:15

first rain, then hail and now it’s

00:24:19

snowing

00:24:22

[music]

00:24:25

winter made itself known again at the end of summer,

00:24:28

now the landscape cannot be called summer, but for the

00:24:31

hardened Caucasian species this is nonsense

00:24:43

[music]

00:25:00

internal fog in the steppes of Kalmykia

00:25:03

[music ] the

00:25:09

shadows of the highest peaks of the Caucasus

00:25:13

originate never before, the gigantic steppe

00:25:15

belt stretching from Mongolia to

00:25:17

Eastern Europe,

00:25:20

however,

00:25:22

it is not easy to see anything in the sea of grass

00:25:25

[music]

00:25:35

for saigas this is the beginning of an exciting

00:25:39

period, so usually the herd

00:25:42

runs tirelessly across the steppe but the sleds gradually

00:25:45

move away from the others

00:25:55

they are in the last month of pregnancy and are

00:25:58

not as active as usual

00:26:06

one after another they quietly move

00:26:09

aside the

00:26:13

white stork stops in the steppe on the

00:26:16

way to the north they are busy hunting they do not

00:26:20

pay attention to the grunting saigas miss

00:26:38

caught the fast lizard has no chance

00:26:44

or there is a

00:26:48

stork instinctively grabs onto everything that

00:26:50

moves but the lizard simply dropped its

00:26:53

tail the

00:26:55

stork must make a quick decision

00:26:58

appetizer or main course and

00:27:04

where the rest dinner has long since disappeared

00:27:16

life continues

00:27:20

or is born

00:27:24

[music]

00:27:29

[applause]

00:27:32

not the

00:27:34

first youngsters appeared last night

00:27:36

well hidden and the babies no

00:27:39

larger than a hare are left to their own devices

00:27:44

mothers come only in the morning and evening

00:27:46

to feed them, how they manage to

00:27:49

find their babies in the endless

00:27:51

steppe remains a mystery

00:27:53

[music]

00:28:01

[applause]

00:28:03

and [music]

00:28:06

not all babies stand firmly on their

00:28:09

legs, it seems this one is wounded and forget his

00:28:14

plaintive bleating is heard by every female

00:28:16

nose players accept only their

00:28:19

babies

00:28:22

even if the female has lost her cub she will not

00:28:26

adopt an orphan

00:28:27

[music]

00:28:43

young saiga jong ok remains hungry and

00:28:45

alone

00:28:46

[music]

00:28:57

now he can only hide since the

00:29:00

danger in the steppe is especially great in the

00:29:02

period immediately after birth,

00:29:08

it seems his fate is sealed

00:29:10

if the herd he will leave he will disappear

00:29:19

again the lonely mother is approaching

00:29:37

this voice the baby has been waiting for

00:30:00

saiga chonko has only one day to

00:30:02

gain strength and learn to walk

00:30:05

[music] the

00:30:31

antelopes are worried about something

00:30:41

again the leader pushes everyone away

00:30:55

nothing can hold back the saigas

00:30:58

our little fighter must not miss

00:31:02

his chance the

00:31:04

last saigas in Europe are on the

00:31:07

verge of extinction because their horns are

00:31:09

sold in China as a means of

00:31:11

enhancing potency

00:31:12

since it is

00:31:15

almost impossible to prevent poaching the number of males

00:31:18

has dropped to 5 percent of the entire population

00:31:20

[music]

00:31:24

[applause]

00:31:31

autumn comes to the western Caucasus already in

00:31:34

August the entire area is shrouded fog

00:31:37

only after some time the sun

00:31:40

manages to dissipate the dense wet veil the

00:31:43

mountain bison again leave the forest and

00:31:46

move to the open forest

00:31:56

at this time of year the bison are not brought here by the

00:31:58

feeling of hunger they are attracted by the

00:32:01

mating period because the underbrush and

00:32:04

tree branches only interfere with the

00:32:08

males they need a good view and a lot of

00:32:11

space

00:32:12

[ music]

00:32:21

although the sun managed to break through

00:32:23

the clouds, it will take a lot of time to

00:32:26

drive the fog out of the valley,

00:32:37

finally the herd is preparing for a decisive

00:32:39

step,

00:32:50

young males are trying to herd the females into

00:32:53

small harems, which inevitably leads

00:32:56

to clashes when they begin to argue with

00:32:58

each other over each female in the

00:33:00

group,

00:33:03

old males are less active, they

00:33:05

prefer to watch and wait

00:33:14

when the females are gathered, the deer are on the lookout for

00:33:18

those who want to argue, and

00:33:20

tired young males are driven away;

00:33:32

brown bears will not be able to cope with

00:33:34

adult bison, which is why the

00:33:37

she-bear keeps her distance;

00:33:46

bison at this time are extremely aggressive and it

00:33:48

is unlikely to escape in open areas. will

00:33:51

it be possible

00:34:09

on the slope, the matter has taken a serious turn

00:34:12

for the hill they are fighting as for an advantageous observation point,

00:34:31

but while the young males are butting

00:34:33

heads, the leader of the bison takes a decisive step,

00:34:44

this trio clearly decided to linger and

00:34:47

began to eat grass, and the helmeted and brown

00:34:51

bears are mostly vegetarians

00:34:54

[music]

00:35:02

[music]

00:35:13

a shrub here and there the size of a person is a

00:35:16

paradise for insects at the end of summer

00:35:26

small birds are magically

00:35:28

drawn to these gardens

00:35:31

which develop amazing

00:35:34

hunting and strategies a

00:35:39

warbler jumps through the umbrella of a flower

00:35:42

like a diver from the water attacked by flies from below

00:35:46

there is no chance

00:35:55

many do not even wait for the prey

00:35:57

to land

00:36:04

maybe the

00:36:07

end of summer is the best time of the year in the mountains,

00:36:10

periods of good weather are quite

00:36:13

long and not every rain

00:36:15

cloud means a thunderstorm,

00:36:27

as if nature is gaining strength before the

00:36:29

onset of a merciless winter

00:36:32

[music]

00:36:37

in the summer you can clearly see how the

00:36:39

large Caucasian glaciers are shrinking, at the same time

00:36:42

new ones are forming, although they less than

00:36:45

before

00:36:47

[music] a

00:36:49

protective layer of dust and debris covers

00:36:52

the snow, slowing down the melting process

00:36:57

[music]

00:37:03

even today, the power of more than a thousand glaciers

00:37:07

forms the Caucasus and the mountains next to it as

00:37:09

borders

00:37:10

[music]

00:37:22

melt water and heavy rains form

00:37:25

vast valleys on the plains of the

00:37:27

Caspian lowland

00:37:29

in the middle of the semi-desert grow lush

00:37:31

coastal so-called tugai forests

00:37:35

[music]

00:37:46

burial eagles build their nests on tall lonely trees from here they see the

00:37:49

entire surrounding territory but at the same time they

00:37:52

themselves find themselves in sight of

00:37:54

their nest the eagles are open to attack

00:37:58

this black-fronted and shrike

00:38:01

got on your nerves to such an extent old

00:38:03

eagle that he was forced to fly away

00:38:15

[music]

00:38:19

thousands of years of erosion and floods have sculpted a

00:38:22

unique landscape in soft sandstones

00:38:28

and [music]

00:38:33

oh

00:38:35

[music]

00:38:38

canyons rich in snakes the territory of

00:38:40

ordinary poisonous snakes

00:38:49

here the female killed a very poisonous one I hold

00:38:53

snakes poisons are well versed in

00:38:56

poisonous and non-venomous venomous snakes

00:38:58

[music]

00:39:02

venomous snakes they always bite off their

00:39:05

heads before bringing them home for dinner

00:39:11

the male was a little in a hurry and now he will

00:39:14

have to circle around in anticipation

00:39:21

snakes venoms eat the prey whole

00:39:24

the longer the snake the longer it

00:39:27

takes the

00:39:35

last jerk

00:39:39

[music]

00:39:49

autumn in the mountains is short

00:39:52

any moment it may give way to winter

00:39:55

[music] it’s

00:40:05

time for the bison to leave the plateau and move into the

00:40:08

still snowless forests

00:40:12

[music] you can

00:40:17

also feel autumn here the

00:40:20

tall bushes have dried up, giving the bison a

00:40:23

rich choice of food

00:40:25

shaggy giants make their way through the

00:40:27

jungle of withering vegetation

00:40:49

[music]

00:40:52

giant hogweed can hide even

00:40:54

large animals of the Caucasus and in the helmet, the

00:40:57

deer become more restless every day

00:40:59

and leave the protection of the forest, the females

00:41:03

try to go down to the valley, but the males

00:41:05

drive them higher into the mountains

00:41:08

[music]

00:41:14

their path lies through the fields of rhododendrons

00:41:17

to the snow line

00:41:20

[music]

00:41:22

the deer also need open space

00:41:24

for mating each day at an altitude of

00:41:27

3000 meters they are joined by new

00:41:30

arrivals

00:41:37

in the fall, it is risky to expend so much

00:41:39

energy

00:41:41

suddenly, out of nowhere, a

00:41:43

change in weather came,

00:41:50

snow covered the board,

00:41:58

just an hour later winter came, it

00:42:00

unexpectedly overtook the chamois who were busy

00:42:04

searching for salt, but they were not surprised,

00:42:10

their mating season also takes place at the end of

00:42:13

autumn, but sulfur are created for high-mountain

00:42:16

life; the

00:42:19

Caucasian deer feels uncomfortable

00:42:22

at such a height; the difficulty of

00:42:25

climbing takes its toll

00:42:29

[music] the

00:42:33

rarefied air of the deer has to

00:42:36

strain all its muscles and there is no strength left for a duel

00:42:39

[music] the

00:42:41

old deer leaves without a fight

00:42:46

[music] the

00:42:51

highest mountains of Europe are the last

00:42:54

refuge for Caucasian bison,

00:43:04

the region is unique in its diversity

00:43:07

[music] the

00:43:19

influence of these mountains is felt far beyond their

00:43:21

borders and leaves a mark on the lands

00:43:24

between the Black and Caspian seas

00:43:28

[music] the

00:43:42

mysterious mountain world of southern Russia

00:43:50

Greater Caucasus

00:44:02

program for the show prepared by the

00:44:03

company with dea media in 2015

00:44:07

translation by Gennady Maksimov text read by

00:44:09

Roman Antonovich

00:44:11

[music]

Description:

Большой Кавказ – Россия от края до края / Der große Kaukasus - Russlands Dach der Welt (2014) Режиссер: Henry M. Mix Студия: Altayfilm, 1 Канал, NDR Naturfilm, Studio Hamburg DocLights, Terra Mater Factual Studios, Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) Перевод: SDI-Media © All copyrights reserved to their respective owners Горные пейзажи Кавказа являются магической границей между Европой и Азией. Этот документальный фильм покажет впечатляющие природные чудеса между Черным и Каспийским морем. Дикий горный пейзаж с экстремальным климатом сформировал уникальную флору и фауну. Фильм иллюстрирует Кавказ как один из 25 самых важных мировых центров биоразнообразия. Из-за климата и природных условий, географического ландшафта, растительность на Кавказе самая разнообразная: мелколистные равнины, хвойные и лиственные леса, субтропические растения, кустарники и папоротники. Только здесь можно встретить кавказского зубра, улара и тура. см. также: Малый Кавказ – между Араратом и Каспийским морем https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ic5U7MgkJZc

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