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Russian
00:00:00
[Music]00:00:04
Cibola is one of the most widely00:00:07
practiced forms of mysticism followers00:00:10
believe that decoding its ancient texts00:00:14
we'll reveal the answers to the greatest00:00:16
mysteries of life in the 21st century00:00:20
celebrities including Madonna and00:00:23
Britney Spears have taken up a modern00:00:25
interpretation of the practice yet the00:00:28
spread of Kabbalah has sparked00:00:30
controversy strict adherents warned that00:00:33
this mystical practice holds hidden00:00:36
perils throughout history followers have00:00:40
coated their writings to protect00:00:41
Kabbalah secrets how many levels of00:00:46
understanding are there may be infinite00:00:49
[Music]00:00:51
so the more you have to decode the past00:00:55
to decode the text the more mystical it00:00:58
is the harder it is to decode00:01:01
[Music]00:01:10
[Music]00:01:26
[Music]00:01:33
[Music] [Applause]00:01:36
in Babylon at the beginning of the sixth00:01:39
century BCE a young Israelite named00:01:42
Ezekiel has a vision00:01:45
as I looked behold a stormy wind came00:01:49
out of the north and fire flashing forth00:01:51
continually and in the midst of the fire00:01:54
there was a throne sitting on the throne00:01:57
was a figure that looked like a man00:02:00
Ezekiel believes he has peered into00:02:02
heaven and seen God00:02:04
seated on his throne00:02:09
this vision captivates a group of Jewish00:02:11
mystics they hope that by studying this00:02:14
image they will one day see God for00:02:17
themselves and become one with a divine00:02:20
spirit Jews who are seeking a mystical00:02:23
experience will try to reimagine what is00:02:26
he kill experienced so it becomes the00:02:29
model for Jewish mystical ascent really00:02:32
until the emergence of Kabbalah in the00:02:35
2nd century CE II the Roman Empire00:02:38
controls what is now Israel Jews who00:02:42
practice their faith openly are either00:02:44
killed or forced into exile it is during00:02:48
this time that many Jews turn to00:02:50
mysticism to help them understand God's00:02:53
will00:02:58
rabbi Shimon bar Yohai is one of the00:03:01
men's searching for answers rava Shimon00:03:04
was a great advocate of the people of00:03:06
Israel and taught that Israel has a00:03:10
special intimacy with God and he fled00:03:15
from the Romans who sought to execute00:03:17
him because of anti-roman statements he00:03:20
had made according to Jewish texts bar00:03:24
Yohai hides from the Romans for 13 years00:03:27
in this cave in Pecha in Israel here bar00:03:32
Yohai meditates on God and the universe00:03:34
using the Torah or Hebrew Scriptures as00:03:38
his guide his unique methods and devout00:03:41
practice make him one of the first key00:03:43
figures in Kabbalah history like bar00:03:47
Yohai other small groups of Jewish00:03:49
mystics begin trying to achieve a00:03:52
greater understanding of God since God00:03:55
wasn't coming to them they were going to00:03:58
her to where God was so they wanted some00:04:00
kind of experience of the divine they00:04:03
used certain meditative techniques that00:04:05
work them up into an auto suggestive00:04:07
hypnotic trance their activities are00:04:11
kept hidden the Mystics warn that this practice is00:04:13
too dangerous for average people to00:04:16
attempt ancient legends tell of novices00:04:19
being driven mad or even dying because00:04:22
they were unprepared for the powerful00:04:24
spiritual forces they had unleashed if00:04:27
you're not pure enough if you're not00:04:30
modest enough then God might not accept00:04:33
you then God might not let you go00:04:35
through that journey00:04:37
[Applause]00:04:39
through meditation the Mystics believe00:04:41
they have achieved a vision of God like00:04:43
the one experienced by the prophet00:04:45
Ezekiel00:04:46
[Music]00:04:48
in this vision the entrance to heaven is00:04:51
blocked by a series of gates00:04:53
the Mystics must pass through them00:04:56
before reaching God00:04:59
[Music]00:05:00
the entrances are also guarded by00:05:02
menacing angels who keep the unworthy00:05:05
from heaven before the Mystics can00:05:08
advance they have to learn the00:05:09
complicated names of the angels each00:05:12
name must then be repeated an exact00:05:14
number of times the Mystics would wear00:05:18
amulets that would shield them from the00:05:20
power of the Angels and if they went00:05:23
through all the gates and they got into00:05:27
the throne room then they would have00:05:30
this vision they would learn the secrets00:05:34
the Mystics claim those secrets help00:05:37
them understand God's thoughts at00:05:44
roughly the same time unknown mystics00:05:47
recorded a startling concept into an00:05:49
influential book the text is called The00:05:53
Book of creation or the Sepher Yetzirah00:05:56
it describes how God made the world by00:06:00
using the 22 letters of the Hebrew00:06:02
alphabet God spoke and said let there be00:06:05
light00:06:06
so obviously God's speech was the00:06:09
creating agent but what language did God00:06:11
speak God spoke Hebrew of course00:06:13
so the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet00:06:15
were the alphabet of creation what00:06:19
separates Arad does is to try to00:06:21
describe how God created the world in00:06:23
more detail than we find in Genesis it00:06:27
builds on the notion that God created00:06:29
the world through language but now it's00:06:31
not words so much as individual letters00:06:34
and this is probably meant rather00:06:36
literally God took the three letters00:06:38
Olive bet none which spelled the word00:06:42
Evan stone by combining those letters a00:06:45
stone was created and similarly with00:06:48
every object in the universe God created00:06:50
by combining the letters with the00:06:53
numbers [Music]00:07:00
rabbis believe the teaching of the00:07:02
Sepher Yetzirah are too powerful for00:07:05
ordinary people to experience and the00:07:08
details of the book are kept hidden00:07:09
these mystical revelations remain00:07:12
underground for hundreds of years00:07:15
[Music]00:07:18
in the 11th century the Crusades begin a00:07:21
new wave of anti-jewish persecution as00:07:24
Christian armies try to reclaim the Holy00:07:26
Land from the Arabs fleeing from torture00:07:32
and execution Jews scatter across Europe00:07:35
and the Middle East taking their secret00:07:37
traditions into new territories by the00:07:40
13th century the mystical teachings have00:07:43
spread to Jewish communities in what are00:07:45
now Germany France and Spain the term00:07:48
Kabbalah meaning receiving in Hebrew now00:07:51
becomes widely used to describe the00:07:53
practice we're really talking about a00:07:55
small group of Jewish teachers rabbis00:08:00
spiritual people who were gathering the00:08:04
earlier traditions developing techniques00:08:07
of meditation and reimagining God and00:08:10
some very startling wings00:08:15
[Music]00:08:21
one of the most significant events in00:08:24
Cabela's history occurs around 1280 when00:08:27
a Spanish rabbi claims to discover yet00:08:30
another mysterious text this will soon00:08:35
become the single most important book in00:08:37
Kabbalah it is called the Zohar meaning00:08:40
radiance or splendour in Hebrew it's00:08:44
really the masterpiece of Kabbalah the00:08:46
ideas of the ZOA are very radical and00:08:48
very startling written mainly in aramaic00:08:52
its pages are filled with arcane00:08:54
symbolism and erotic language by arousal00:09:01
below there is similarly arousal above00:09:03
male and female unite desire prevails00:09:07
worlds are blessed and above and below00:09:10
are enjoy00:09:14
to this day the author of the Zohar00:09:17
remains a mystery many Kabbalists00:09:21
believe that rabbi Shimon bar Yohai00:09:24
received divine inspiration to write the00:09:26
Zohar while living in a cave during the00:09:29
second century00:09:34
others suspect that the manuscript was00:09:36
written a thousand years later possibly00:09:39
by a Spanish catalyst or even by a group00:09:41
of Rabbis it's in a way written by00:09:45
someone in Aramaic who didn't really00:09:47
know IRA make that well and you also00:09:50
strangely find words in medieval00:09:52
Portuguese and Spanish in the Tzar so00:09:56
the question scholars have been00:09:58
wrestling with for a couple of hundred00:10:00
years now is who wrote it and had it00:10:04
come to be00:10:06
but the greatest mystery of the Zohar00:10:09
lies within its mystical texts you have00:10:13
to work so hard to decipher it and this00:10:15
is why it's so attractive because of00:10:17
this beautiful game it plays with you of00:10:21
revealing and hiding decoding these00:10:26
complicated passages promises a greater00:10:28
understanding of God and his00:10:30
relationship with humans00:10:32
the Zohar really sees the Bible as a00:10:35
secret code every event in a Zohar every00:10:38
bit of narrative every biblical law is00:10:41
telling something not only about what00:10:42
happens on earth but about God's inner00:10:45
being catalyst believe that if they can00:10:48
successfully decode the Zohar they will00:10:51
unlock the mysteries of both heaven and00:10:53
earth00:10:55
one of these secrets is a startling00:10:57
revelation about God's body and00:10:59
sexuality by the 13th century Kabbalah00:11:09
had spread throughout Europe and the00:11:11
Middle East00:11:13
yet even as the number of Jews studying00:11:16
kabbalah grew their secrets remained00:11:19
closely guarded00:11:20
ever since scholars have been searching00:11:23
for ways to unravel these secrets in00:11:30
Berkeley California00:11:32
Daniel Matt works surrounded by these00:11:34
copies of the Zohar00:11:35
the most revered and mysterious00:11:38
manuscript in Kabbalah his bookcase is00:11:41
filled with versions and commentaries in00:11:43
Aramaic Hebrew English and French00:11:46
they come from libraries around the00:11:48
world he hopes to complete the first00:11:52
English translation of the Zohar based00:11:54
on original Aramaic texts this ambitious00:11:57
work is the latest attempt to understand00:12:00
a book that has perplexed scholars for00:12:02
over 700 years I don't want to ruin the00:12:06
mystery or the strange cryptic quality00:12:09
of the Zohar but I'm trying to make it00:12:12
accessible to a contemporary reader00:12:15
the Zohar is perhaps the most difficult00:12:18
Jewish text to translate most of its00:12:22
roughly 2,000 pages are in Aramaic and00:12:25
arcane language that may have been used00:12:27
to further complicate the decoding00:12:29
process on the surface the Zohar is a00:12:34
novel which follows rabbi Shimon bar00:12:37
Yohai and a group of Rabbis on a journey00:12:40
through what is now Israel00:12:44
[Music]00:12:45
they wander through the hills of Galilee00:12:49
sharing their secret teachings sometimes00:12:52
running into strange characters on the00:12:54
road catalysts believe that the00:12:56
narrative holds clues that can explain00:12:59
hidden meanings in the Torah or Hebrew00:13:01
Scriptures several examples can be found00:13:05
by reexamining the book of Genesis here00:13:10
the Zohar overturns the traditional00:13:13
account that God expelled Adam and Eve00:13:15
from the Garden of Eden the Zohar's00:13:18
interpretation illustrates a00:13:20
revolutionary belief that humans can00:13:22
direct God but the ZOA asks a very00:13:27
radical question it says who kicked him00:13:30
out of the garden and the sower actually00:13:32
teaches Adam expelled God from the00:13:35
garden it's as if we're still in the00:13:38
garden but we don't realize it because00:13:41
we we've expelled God we've lost touch00:13:44
with a spiritual dimension and the00:13:47
challenge is to regain some awareness00:13:50
some intimacy with the divine00:13:55
the further Kabbalist delve into the00:13:57
Zohar the more cryptic the words become00:14:01
it has a very rich symbolic system this00:14:07
is a deliberated means to keep the Zohar00:14:14
for the elite only the writers probably00:14:18
thought that only those were spiritual00:14:20
enough will be able to decipher it00:14:26
the major symbolic code found in the00:14:30
Zohar is the ten aspects of God's00:14:32
personality the ten Sephirot one popular00:14:36
interpretation shows these00:14:38
characteristics as a map of God's body00:14:41
Kabbalist believed that if they can00:14:43
understand God's Anatomy they can learn00:14:46
how his powers work00:14:49
these ancient drawings reveal that God's00:14:52
body is similar to humans the top00:14:59
symbolizes God's head which is the00:15:02
source of will wisdom and understanding00:15:06
below that are symmetrically arranged00:15:09
organs and limbs representing love power00:15:14
beauty eternity and splendor the most00:15:21
unusual part of the diagram contains00:15:24
sensual imagery the ninth part of God00:15:27
called the foundation is the phallus or00:15:30
procreative life force of the universe00:15:32
but according to the cipa wrote God also00:15:36
has female components the final element00:15:39
often called Shekinah was depicted as00:15:42
the feminine half of God00:15:45
this image challenged the age-old view00:15:48
of a strictly masculine God what we find00:15:54
for the first time is that this feminine00:15:56
aspect the feminine consort of God is00:15:58
divine and is part of the divinity so to00:16:01
unite the male and female halves of God00:16:04
this becomes the goal of the whole00:16:06
system of the Saffir oath and the zora00:16:10
describes that union in very graphic00:16:12
terms it really is a romance within God00:16:15
and a sexual union and that's a striking00:16:19
element of bizarre probably led to its00:16:21
to its wide appeal in some ways this00:16:27
complicated system supported the00:16:29
Kabbalist teaching that humans affect00:16:31
God students of the Zohar believed that00:16:36
human actions unite these masculine and00:16:39
feminine parts of God how are the two00:16:43
halves of God United through human00:16:46
virtue through loving one's neighbor00:16:49
through helping the poor through00:16:51
observing the Sabbath through various00:16:53
interpersonal and ritual Commandments00:16:56
one brings together these two halves of00:16:59
God you might say that this is how we00:17:02
actualize the divine potential in the00:17:05
world00:17:06
the idea that god is dependent on human00:17:10
beings clashed with traditional beliefs00:17:12
that saw God as an omnipotent ruler we00:17:17
and this is I think an extraordinary00:17:19
idea of the catalyst we have the ability00:17:22
through the performance of sacred deeds00:17:25
to nurture God to influence God to00:17:31
affect God to be able to affect the00:17:35
divine disposition which then will00:17:38
affect the flow down of divine grace to00:17:43
our world but in this relationship human00:17:48
sins create imbalance in this case human00:17:55
misdeeds human unethical conduct human00:18:01
evil empowers the cosmic evil or somehow00:18:06
ruins the harmony within God and00:18:10
stimulates evil in the universe another00:18:15
revolutionary idea encrypted in the00:18:17
Zohar is that even a seemingly00:18:19
insignificant verse in the Hebrew00:18:21
Scriptures can reveal how God feels and00:18:24
acts in the Zohar00:18:27
they read the Bible not only as a story00:18:32
about human beings what's going on in00:18:35
human affairs but they also read it on a00:18:38
mystical level as a story about what's00:18:41
going on within the inner life of God00:18:45
according to the Zohar biblical00:18:48
characters are often metaphors for God's00:18:50
thoughts and actions the quality of00:18:53
loving-kindness for instance came to be00:18:55
associated with Abraham in the Bible so00:18:59
every reference to Abraham doing00:19:02
something was actually viewed as a00:19:03
reference to the role of loving-kindness00:19:06
in the world the Zohar00:19:10
also examines biblical events for hidden00:19:12
meanings the flood according to Kabbalah00:19:15
is happening now if you don't know that00:19:18
the flood is still going on then you're00:19:20
drowning and you don't even know it so00:19:23
various symbols of chaos and destruction00:19:25
from the Bible we're also viewed not in00:19:28
the past tense but as still unfolding00:19:37
[Music]00:19:40
while Mystics continued to explore the00:19:43
mysteries of the Zohar another 13th00:19:46
century Spanish Kabbalist00:19:48
was devising a new method for uniting00:19:50
with God Abraham Abulafia00:19:55
technique involved intense meditation00:19:58
and yoga like movements his followers00:20:04
would use certain hand and head00:20:06
movements to concentrate on the Bible's00:20:08
Hebrew letters the most ancient idea is00:20:15
that God has multiple names and these00:20:18
names have power of Alafia wanted to00:20:21
have the reading of the Bible according00:20:25
to which the entire Bible speaks only00:20:27
above God by transforming the normal00:20:30
Hebrew nouns and verbs into divine names00:20:37
one of the divine names are Bellavia00:20:40
used was the 72 letter name taken from00:20:43
three verses in Exodus00:20:49
when the letters in the verses were00:20:51
combined according to Avila fia's00:20:53
instructions they spelled one of God's00:20:55
secret names through intense meditation00:20:59
on these letters Abulafia believed the00:21:02
human mind and god's mind would then00:21:04
unite some catalysts claimed that moses00:21:11
meditated on this name in order to part00:21:14
the Red Sea at the height of the Spanish00:21:22
Inquisition King Ferdinand and Queen00:21:25
Isabella declared that all Jews must00:21:27
either convert to Christianity or be00:21:30
expelled during 1492 over 100,000 Jews00:21:39
fled Spain once again religious00:21:42
persecution influenced the spread of00:21:44
Kabbalah teachings a century later many00:21:48
catalysts would use their techniques to00:21:50
call forth the promised Messiah00:21:58
[Music]00:22:06
[Music]00:22:11
in 1492 the Spanish Inquisition cast00:22:15
tens of thousands of Jews into exile00:22:18
many fled to the Holy Land 90 miles00:22:25
north of Jerusalem in the Galilee region00:22:27
Jewish mystics known as capitalists00:22:30
settled in the town of Safed a number of00:22:34
publiced were attracted to Galilee00:22:36
partly because rabbi Shimon bar Yohai00:22:39
the hero of the Zohar00:22:41
had wandered around the Galilee today00:22:45
the dusty winding roads of Safed are00:22:47
peopled by artists and lined with00:22:50
galleries five centuries ago however00:22:55
Kabbalist believed that the Messiah00:22:57
would one day walk these same streets00:23:02
one of these scriptures it is being said00:23:05
that the Messiah when the Messiah will00:23:07
come to Jerusalem he will first appear00:23:10
in the Galilee so the sort of want to be00:23:14
the first ones to catch him the mystical00:23:18
texts known as the Zohar taught the good00:23:21
behavior increased God's powers on earth00:23:26
based on this philosophy catalyst hoped00:23:29
that a life of holiness would bring00:23:31
forth the Messiah catalyst in Safed00:23:35
strove to become a perfect religious00:23:38
society the feeling was that people have00:23:44
to help God bring the Messiah they have00:23:48
to be pure enough they would be up at00:23:52
midnight to say the prayers and then up00:23:56
again at dawn to pray with the rising of00:23:59
the Sun Kabbalah masters in Safed00:24:05
instructed their followers to engage in00:24:08
meticulous meditation fasts and00:24:10
adherence to the Torah the most famous00:24:16
leader was rabbi Isaac Luria00:24:18
from Jerusalem by the time Lauria began00:24:22
teaching in Safed in 1570 he was00:24:25
regarded as one of the most important00:24:27
holy men of the century as a young man00:24:31
Lauria had spent several years in00:24:33
seclusion near Cairo Egypt00:24:37
they're catalysts a Luria studied the00:24:40
Zohar and had visions of angels and00:24:42
biblical prophets there's some evidence00:24:46
that he used the Zohar sort of a mantra00:24:51
that he would take passages of the Zohar00:24:53
and repeat it over and over again until00:24:57
he got deep inside in this trance-like00:25:03
State Lauria acquired extraordinary00:25:06
abilities by Isaac Luria he could look00:25:10
at a person's forehead and read00:25:12
everything about about that person00:25:16
somewhat like reading the the palm he00:25:20
was a healer he could tell people's past00:25:24
lives and what has did it to be fixed00:25:28
Lauria believed that understanding a00:25:31
person's prior life would provide00:25:33
insight into their current problems00:25:38
he taught a theory of reincarnation in00:25:41
which he claimed that every individual00:25:43
is descended from a certain soul root00:25:45
after Adam and Eve you descended from00:25:50
either cane or Abel where you're00:25:54
descended from the three sons of Noah00:25:57
Shem ham and japhet so you have at least00:26:03
five options if not more of a basic soul00:26:06
root and that soul root determines your00:26:09
essential nature with Luria's help many00:26:13
Kabbalist searched for links to their00:26:15
past these burial sites around suffit00:26:22
took on an important role as Kabbalists00:26:24
tried to find the graves of their00:26:26
previous incarnations they would take on00:26:29
the soul of the deceased who was lying00:26:31
there and speak with that person's voice00:26:35
[Music]00:26:37
to this day rave site rituals and00:26:40
pilgrimages continue around suffered00:26:43
[Music]00:26:49
here followers gather at the tomb of00:26:52
rabbi Shimon bar Yohai some are00:26:56
practicing Luria's teachings one of00:26:59
Luria's main contributions to Kabbalah00:27:02
was a new concept of creation the world00:27:07
only exists because God needed somebody00:27:10
to relate to implying that God has some00:27:14
need for love for relationship00:27:18
Lauria taught that the first act was not00:27:21
creation but actually a withdrawal God00:27:25
withdrew you might say in all directions00:27:28
from one central point creating a kind00:27:31
of vacuum an empty spot within God00:27:35
according to Lauria the emptiness gave00:27:38
God room to create the world God placed00:27:41
vessels in the void and began filling00:27:44
them with divine light shattering00:27:46
several of the vessels00:27:50
and this tastes the creation of the00:27:52
world and catastrophe are tied together00:27:59
you can't have creativity without00:28:03
destruction at the same time00:28:08
Luria explained that sparks from the00:28:11
shattered vessels fell to earth00:28:13
everything God created contained one of00:28:16
these divine sparks according to Lauria00:28:19
humans can reunite these fragments of00:28:21
divine spirit with God through good00:28:23
works our deeds can repair the upper00:28:28
world and when all of those sparks are00:28:31
restored then you have messianic00:28:33
Redemption00:28:35
[Music]00:28:36
in 1572 when Isaac Luria died of the00:28:40
plague many Kabbalist feared his death00:28:43
was a punishment for revealing forbidden00:28:46
secrets it's a blow to the expectations00:28:50
of redemption after suffered sort of00:28:54
fades away gradually until the end of00:28:57
the century00:29:00
[Music]00:29:08
you [Music]00:29:13
the invention of the printing press00:29:15
which soon spread Kabbalah's teachings00:29:17
like never before00:29:21
[Music]00:29:24
by the time of Luria's death bound00:29:26
copies of the Zohar00:29:28
as well as manuscripts written in Safed00:29:30
were available to the public00:29:35
Cibola seemed to have finally come out00:29:38
of hiding by the 16th century Kabbalah's00:29:43
mystical ideas had reached much of the00:29:45
Jewish world followers practiced00:29:48
throughout Europe North Africa and the00:29:52
Middle East00:29:55
in the coming century Kabbalah would00:29:58
spread like religious wildfire but in00:30:01
the wrong hands its teachings would have00:30:03
disastrous repercussions00:30:11
the sixteenth century was marked by the00:30:14
unprecedented spread of the Jewish00:30:16
mysticism known as Kabbalah it began00:30:23
when the Zohar and other mystical works00:30:26
were translated into Latin Christian00:30:31
philosophers were eager to study00:30:32
Kabbalah and believed it could help00:30:35
solve the mysteries of their own faith00:30:37
they're very much interested in Kabbalah00:30:39
especially as disolve is perceived as a00:30:43
tetes it was written more or less in00:30:45
that period of a of Jesus Christ hence00:30:49
they assumed that there is an00:30:51
uncontaminated pure Judaism of the time00:30:56
of Christ which entails the truths of00:30:59
Christianity this belief was the00:31:03
foundation of what is often called00:31:05
Christian Kabbalah Renaissance thinkers00:31:08
also used Kabbalah to understand the00:31:11
works of Pythagoras and Plato whose00:31:14
philosophies mirrored aspects of Jewish00:31:16
mysticism some scholars claim00:31:19
philosopher Gottfried Leibniz who00:31:21
invented calculus and even Isaac Newton00:31:24
studied Kabbalistic ideas I wouldn't00:31:27
assume that modern science is based on a00:31:31
on Kabbalah but certainly the people who00:31:34
created modern science and modern00:31:37
philosophy there was an interest in00:31:39
Kabbalah meanwhile Kabbalah was also00:31:42
being studied by two men who would00:31:44
unknowingly spark one of the greatest00:31:46
catastrophes in cabela's history00:31:49
[Music]00:31:51
Chava ties B was born in what is now00:31:54
Izmir Turkey in 1626 as a young man's V00:32:00
suffered from recurring nightmares about00:32:02
demonic attacks and turned to the Zohar00:32:08
for answers00:32:09
Shabbat sites fee was apparently a very00:32:12
gifted but very troubled young man who00:32:15
had reached a crisis by the age of 4000:32:19
scholars now believes be experienced00:32:22
alternating states of deep depression00:32:24
and manic euphoria the climax came when00:32:28
he staged a mock marriage between00:32:31
himself and a Torah scroll it was the00:32:36
nature of his affliction to periodically00:32:39
violate the commandments publicly and be00:32:42
thrown out of a community on a wave of00:32:44
scandal banished by several Jewish00:32:48
communities in the Ottoman Empire V fled00:32:51
to Jerusalem where he wandered through00:32:53
the streets reciting Kabbalistic chants00:32:55
in 1665 v met Nathan of Gaza a young man00:33:01
studying kabbalah00:33:04
the two spent several weeks together00:33:06
traveling through what is now Israel00:33:12
in time Nathan became convinced that's V00:33:15
was the Messiah00:33:17
Nathan proclaimed that the Messiah had00:33:20
appeared00:33:21
[Music]00:33:22
the good news travelled from synagogue00:33:25
to synagogue in the Ottoman Empire and00:33:27
then in Europe by 166600:33:31
the entire Jewish world was captivated00:33:33
by the coming of the Messiah sometimes00:33:37
he was a manic-depressive and but a very00:33:40
charismatic manic-depressive and and a00:33:43
lot of people gathered around him you00:33:45
know other people felt that you know the00:33:47
time is ripe in fact this might be in00:33:49
court we've been waiting for00:33:51
[Music]00:34:01
in early 1666 Ottoman soldiers arrested00:34:05
V and brought him to the Sultan's palace00:34:07
in what is now Turkey00:34:10
the Sultan sentenced me to death for00:34:13
creating a public frenzy the Turkish00:34:17
sultan gave him as an offer you can't00:34:20
refuse00:34:21
namely convert to Islam or I'll cut your00:34:24
head off because if you are the Messiah00:34:25
and I cut your head off you'll be able00:34:27
to put it back00:34:29
if Shep debts fee had been willing to00:34:32
have been martyred this might have00:34:35
created another phenomenon such as Jesus00:34:39
here's the Messiah dying for his faith00:34:41
but Chuck debts he took the easy way out00:34:44
and converted to Islam00:34:46
when's V emerge from the palace a Muslim00:34:50
a handful of supporters followed his00:34:52
example and converted to Islam but the00:34:57
vast majority of Jews were outraged Jews00:35:02
accused kabbalists of heresy and blame00:35:05
Kabbalah for leading them astray I would00:35:09
say that one of the major effects he had00:35:11
was convincing people that mysticism was00:35:15
bad stuff that mysticism was dangerous00:35:18
that mysticism led to all kinds of00:35:21
terrible things it's at that point that00:35:24
you have the restrictions really put00:35:27
into place more more severely about who00:35:30
should study Kabbalah and how widely it00:35:33
could be spread a few Kabbalistic00:35:37
circles continued to thrive in Eastern00:35:40
Europe including a group whose practice00:35:42
became known as Hasidism00:35:45
a rabbi in mystic called the Baal Shem00:35:48
Tov or master of the good name became the00:35:51
leader of the Hasidic movement at the00:35:53
beginning of the 18th century the Baal00:35:57
Shem Tov unified other mystical circles00:36:00
who were operating under the radar as it00:36:03
were while early Kabbalah had been00:36:08
reserved for a select few a seed ism two00:36:11
elements of Kabbalah and made them00:36:13
accessible to ordinary people contrary00:36:17
to the strict meditation and study of00:36:19
early Kabbalah the seed ISM emphasised00:36:22
celebrating God in everyday life00:36:25
the seed is amol so encouraged a more00:36:27
open exchange of capitalistic ideas00:36:30
there's a Democratic impulse and how00:36:33
citizen anyone can serve God anyone is00:36:37
beloved of God if one discovers the00:36:41
spark so this idea of the hidden sparks00:36:44
which had appeared in Kabbalah now it00:36:47
becomes a technique of finding God in00:36:50
the world00:36:52
while the larger Jewish population00:36:55
continued to shun mysticism Hasidic Jews00:36:58
preserved Kabbalah's traditions00:37:00
throughout the 1800s00:37:02
today Kabbalah has taken on an entirely00:37:05
new appearance in the City of Angels00:37:08
some scholars believe this trend is00:37:10
precisely what early practitioners had00:37:13
feared most that Kabbalah would fall00:37:16
into the hands of the spiritually00:37:18
unprepared Kabbalah achieved widespread00:37:26
popularity for the first time in the00:37:29
late 1600s but when the mystical00:37:32
practice became linked to a false00:37:34
messiah catalysts across Europe and the00:37:37
Middle East were shunned for the next00:37:41
250 years Kabbalah remained in the00:37:43
shadows of Jewish life in the 1930s a00:37:49
German historian named Gershom Scholem00:37:51
began to rediscover the teachings of00:37:54
Jewish mysticism he spent many many00:37:59
years travelling through the libraries00:38:03
of Europe and cataloguing and reading00:38:07
these manuscripts some of which had00:38:09
simply not been opened for decades or in00:38:14
some cases centuries you could say that00:38:17
he made this material accessible to the00:38:20
Western world as Hitler's Third Reich00:38:24
spread terror throughout Europe Jews00:38:27
found themselves struggling to00:38:29
understand the persecution torture and00:38:32
murder faced by their people00:38:35
Kabbalah's believes that evil deeds00:38:37
could throw the universe out of balance00:38:39
was tragically underscored by the00:38:42
Holocaust with over six million Jews00:38:47
killed the world had reached one of its00:38:49
darkest hours00:38:51
[Music]00:38:55
yet Jews and catalysts were also hopeful00:38:59
that the world could be repaired at00:39:05
times of crisis at times of suffering00:39:07
when people are trying to satisfy their00:39:10
own need for order and meaning and00:39:13
fulfillment mysticism can provide some00:39:16
of the answer to that in the 1960s the00:39:25
American counterculture explored new00:39:27
approaches to religion00:39:29
[Music]00:39:36
one of those spiritual seekers was00:39:39
Philip Berg a rabbi from New York in the00:39:46
late 1960s Berg traveled to Israel where00:39:49
he delved into Kabbalah's teachings Berg00:39:53
soon devoted himself to studying the00:39:55
ancient practice his goal was to share00:39:58
kabbalah with the masses he reshapes it00:40:02
by presenting in it a way that someone00:40:05
was not versed in Kabbalistic external00:40:08
and doesn't know much even about Judaism00:40:10
can understand these ideas and apply00:40:13
them for his way of life Berg simplified00:40:17
interpretation of Kabbalah spread00:40:19
quickly at the beginning of the 1970s00:40:22
Berg opened his first Kabbalah Center in00:40:24
tel-aviv during the 1980s00:40:27
Philip Berg and his family constructed a00:40:30
Kabbalah Empire based here in Los00:40:32
Angeles00:40:35
today what is known as the kabbalah00:40:38
center has several million followers and00:40:41
operates branches in nearly 100 cities00:40:43
making it the largest cabbalistic00:40:46
organization in the world here at the LA00:40:51
headquarters Kabbalah has caught the00:40:53
attention of celebrities seeking a00:40:55
spiritual dimension to their lives00:40:59
berg's two sons help promote the concept00:41:02
that unlike the restricted kabbalah of00:41:04
the past this practice is open to all00:41:10
we offer COBOL for everyone without any00:41:14
barriers race sex religion anything so00:41:19
we're very excited about the opportunity00:41:22
of bringing this wisdom which has been00:41:24
hidden to to the masses but making it00:41:26
accessible understandable and practical00:41:29
by opening the doors to everyone the00:41:32
kabbalah centre has opened itself to00:41:34
harsh criticism you have all of these00:41:37
Hollywood people jumping on the kabbalah00:41:41
bandwagon but many of them are not00:41:44
choose and they're not observing jewish00:41:45
law whether studying a real kabbalah00:41:48
doubt it00:41:50
they tend to say here's a sacred name00:41:53
here's a sacred practice that will00:41:56
bequeath to you some cabbalistic power00:42:00
the kabbalah center emphasizes ancient00:42:03
practices such as meditating on the 7200:42:05
names of god00:42:07
[Music]00:42:09
and making pilgrimages to catalyst sites00:42:11
in Israel like Madonna did in 2004 a pop00:42:17
star called Madonna adopting Kabbalah I00:42:20
think this is in a nutshell this is00:42:23
postmodern called spirituality for you00:42:25
it's really a match made in heaven00:42:28
between Kabbalah Centre in Madonna00:42:31
wearing religious objects is also00:42:34
popular such as tying a red string00:42:36
around the wrists to ward off evil00:42:38
forces the practical Kabbalah the world00:42:43
of amulets as it is today is an aspect00:42:47
that they can touch that they can read00:42:50
that they can feel that's physical and00:42:53
these are all things for which00:42:56
theoretical Kabbalah doesn't touch them00:42:58
doesn't reach them new Kabbalah is study00:43:03
Kabbalah not in order to understand the00:43:05
universe the secrets of the universe but00:43:08
in order to find a practical way of Mike00:43:11
making your life better00:43:15
decoding Kabbalah has been a complex00:43:18
mystical journey for thousands of years00:43:21
and the quest to control its secrets00:43:23
continues to this day I think there is a00:43:27
struggle of possession of Kabbalistic00:43:29
knowledge who's in the possession of00:43:31
interpreting it and explaining its Worth00:43:34
and significance to the water'll00:43:36
[Music]00:43:38
you can have a fourth and back and00:43:40
connect to God then that's what positive00:43:43
this true serious deep study of Kabbalah00:43:46
is going on and will continue I'm sure00:43:50
that a lot of them who are not said the00:43:51
not sincere ones will simply drop out00:43:54
sOooo many followers say that even with00:43:58
absolute dedication it is impossible to00:44:01
discover all the hidden meanings within00:44:03
Kabbalah there's so many layers and00:44:09
levels of cabal that you could take your00:44:11
whole life and still not going to finish00:44:13
learning the universal law this ancient00:44:18
mystical wisdom will no doubt continue00:44:20
to reveal new mysteries to the modern00:44:23
world people search for new techniques00:44:28
and means and paths to make their lives00:44:32
spiritual so I think as long as there00:44:36
will be humanity there will be mysticism00:44:39
it's something very ancient and00:44:41
something very immediate and00:44:43
contemporary at the same time and I00:44:46
think that's what makes kabbalah so00:44:47
intriguing is that it it's both new and00:44:50
ancient00:44:53
this questioning why are we here in the00:44:55
world00:44:56
there's questioning about the nature of00:44:58
God and Kabbalah does promote and try to00:45:02
answer those questions00:45:03
[Music]00:45:18
you00:45:25
you00:45:26
[Music]Description:
Секреты Каббалы. Зохар - священный текст который был впервые обнаружен в Испании в 13-м веке.Последователи считают что изучая Каббалу, можно понять Бога, душу, структуру Вселенной, и даже смысл человеческого существования. Древние учения с точки зрения современной жизни. Считается, что Каббала — это мистическо-философское учение. Целью Каббалы является духовное совершенствование личности, которое позволит человеку понять свое предназначение в материальном и духовных мирах. Согласно Каббале, душа воплощается в материальном мире до тех пор пока не «выучит свой урок» и не выполнит той функции, для которой она была создана. (Считается, что каждая душа имеет какую-то свою, только ей присущую особенность, которую она и должна осознать). Когда — посредством обучения Каббале — эта цель достигается, душа перестаёт воплощаться. Такое состояние называется «Гмар Тикун» (иврит) — конечное исправление. Достижение этого состояния и есть цель Каббалы. С точки зрения Каббалы причиной всех проблем человечества в целом и каждого индивидуума в частности является несоответствие законам мироздания.
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