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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:05
[music]00:00:37
The Grand Scheme required a lot of time00:00:42
with and the monk is alienated from the world and00:00:45
becomes a new person with a new00:00:47
name00:00:50
but there was no time for the full rank00:00:54
who was now being prepared to take monastic vows00:00:56
he was dying, he had to be born in time00:00:59
again00:01:01
Isn't everything God but in Truth00:01:06
he said this many years ago00:01:09
Was there Truth in his life?00:01:13
did he protect his people or hang them on00:01:16
him00:01:18
did he save his immortal soul or00:01:20
ruined00:01:22
only gentlemen know about this, and he00:01:26
former prince Alexander Yaroslavich now00:01:30
the humble schemer Alexey can only00:01:33
trust in his infinite mercy00:01:40
[music]00:02:14
[music]00:02:18
Alexander's rebellious childhood passed into00:02:21
Pereyaslavl-Zalessky where the slender cathedral00:02:24
competed with the whiteness of the clouds and00:02:27
the decoration of the princely chambers was not inferior00:02:29
gorgeous pictures of old books00:02:31
deeds of ancient kings and great heroes00:02:36
my father's huge library was kept00:02:38
and Russian chronicles and Byzantine00:02:40
Chronicles and Alexandria Greek novel about00:02:45
exploits of Alexander the Great00:02:47
Denizhich was fascinated by the history of his00:02:49
great namesake who conquered half the world00:02:53
and even as the legends said00:02:55
pushed back the end of the world00:03:01
[music]00:03:05
in childhood, Prince Alexander was always00:03:08
Prifather Yaroslav and after him00:03:12
moved to Novgorod00:03:13
learned from his father the art of management and00:03:17
science of war00:03:19
from him Alexander learned that they were coming00:03:21
Hard times00:03:23
the main threat was the onslaught on the northern00:03:26
Rus' Crusaders Western Christians00:03:30
The Christian Church was not united and00:03:33
its two parts are Western Catholic and00:03:36
Eastern Orthodox feuded between00:03:39
the Balkans were Orthodox00:03:41
states several regions in Malaya00:03:44
Asia and Rus' almost all the rest of Europe00:03:47
was under control at that time00:03:49
The Catholic Church was in full swing00:03:52
The Age of the Crusades and Religious Wars00:03:55
Western Christians vs Muslims00:03:57
Middle East And later than others00:04:00
Gentiles, including in Eastern Europe00:04:03
The Catholic Church was aggressive00:04:06
land grabbing policy and00:04:08
forced conversion of pagans00:04:10
Baltic people in the Catholic faith00:04:12
Crusaders of the Teutonic Order00:04:15
threaten Russian lands first00:04:18
Novgoro Du00:04:21
And then Prince Yaroslav taught his son00:04:24
my main lesson00:04:26
the Russian prince cannot allow00:04:28
conversion of one's people to another faith00:04:32
Therefore, he will fight with the crusaders00:04:34
whatever it takes00:04:37
Alexander went with his father to his00:04:40
the first military campaign near Derbt which00:04:44
was once a Russian city and now00:04:46
belonged to the Teutonic Order00:04:49
went out to meet the Novgorod army00:04:52
Knights clad in iron with one of their own00:04:55
by the look they were able to convert00:04:57
opponents escape00:04:59
Alexander had never had to00:05:02
to see an enemy so formidable seems00:05:04
invincible00:05:06
they didn’t drop on the Russian shelves00:05:13
[applause]00:05:24
having withstood the first onslaught, they themselves went to00:05:27
offensive and quickly crushed the knights00:05:31
burn Alexander suffocating from the boiling water00:05:33
breasts of delight together with the squad drove00:05:36
crusaders to the very city walls of those00:05:40
who did not have time to take refuge in the Russian fortress00:05:42
forced rivers onto ice00:05:58
dinner was full and spectacular prince00:06:02
Yaroslav managed to take away part of the order00:06:04
lands00:06:05
the crusaders were convinced that in Novgorod00:06:07
there is someone to hold the sword and Prince Alexander00:06:11
I learned that there are no invincible enemies00:06:22
the time came to get married and his father chose him00:06:26
bride, daughter of Prince Alexander of Polotsk00:06:30
Ubricheslav00:06:32
It was a political calculation to00:06:34
conclude a Union Treaty with Polotsk00:06:38
but a Marriage of convenience will turn into a life in00:06:40
love and harmony00:06:42
Alexandra will be a good wife00:06:46
will give birth to her prince five children and00:06:48
will later be glorified00:06:50
Vladimir as a locality00:06:55
married life of Alexandru Alexandra00:06:58
only a quarter of a century was released00:07:04
Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was called to00:07:07
Kyiv throne and he left00:07:10
governor of Novgorod son Alexander00:07:14
Youth is over00:07:16
the young Yaroslavich now needed00:07:19
to fight with the Teutonic knights00:07:21
order or yours to negotiate with00:07:25
to their equal Novgorodians00:07:28
by this time already at least a hundred years00:07:31
Mister Veliky Novgorod lived in his own way00:07:33
special truth to the Novgorod vault00:07:36
laws was dismissed as posadnik and00:07:39
the princes himself decided with whom to fight and how00:07:42
collect taxes and the prince agrees00:07:45
the agreement that he necessarily concluded00:07:47
with Novgorod I had to do what00:07:50
will decide the matter00:07:53
at the beginning of July 1240 to Alexander00:07:57
a messenger arrived and said they had entered00:08:00
Swedish Knights on many ships in00:08:02
the river fell into it and the Zhora stood up00:08:04
camp00:08:06
the Swedish nobility set out to do one thing00:08:08
conquer the Russian north with a powerful blow00:08:12
the crusaders took up their task again00:08:15
had to be thrown away quickly00:08:18
opportunities forever00:08:23
there was no time to hesitate to collect00:08:26
the militia needed a decision from the veche and00:08:29
a few days to get ready But Princely00:08:32
the squad was constantly in combat00:08:33
readiness and Alexander did not become anyone00:08:36
wait and ask no one anything00:08:39
the prince simply put Novgorod in front of00:08:42
in fact, he starts a war for the Orthodox00:08:46
faith00:08:47
before he carried out the will of his father00:08:50
Now it's time for Yaroslav to fulfill00:08:53
the will of the heavenly father and in this the prince00:08:57
Alexander had no doubt00:08:59
after prayers to Hagia Sophia, he went out to00:09:02
porch and turned00:09:06
brothers God is not in power but not in Truth00:09:11
We are afraid of many warriors, as if God is with us00:09:16
he set out on a campaign with a small squad and00:09:18
the most efficient of the Novgorod boyars00:09:21
Who was the first to grab the Swords and put them on00:09:23
helmets after him forever agreed00:09:26
on a hike and the militia rushed to catch up00:09:29
squad00:09:30
on the morning of July 15, 1240, the army of the prince00:09:35
Alexandra attacked the Swedish camp00:09:38
and by evening00:09:41
a few days later all of Novgorod is already00:09:44
knew the details of the battle on the Neva River00:09:46
winner who after a few00:09:48
centuries will receive the nickname Nevsky00:09:56
Novgorodians were simply bursting with pride00:09:58
This is the army, this is the prince they would00:10:03
they carried him in their arms until the squad00:10:04
allowed00:10:08
but when the intoxication of delight dissipated00:10:11
Novgorod became thoughtful00:10:14
the prince went to fight of his own free will, that is00:10:17
In violation of the treaty and the Novgorod00:10:19
Truth00:10:21
Of course, they don’t judge the winners a lot00:10:24
whether Prince Alexander takes over00:10:26
Yaroslavich00:10:31
However, the young prince had already managed well00:10:33
Explore Novgorodians and when Novgorod00:10:36
decided to show the prince who's boss00:10:39
Alexander took his family and left for00:10:42
Pereyaslavy As his father did more than once00:10:47
[music]00:10:48
Mister Veliky Novgorod00:10:50
too zealous for the prince00:10:53
[music]00:10:55
but at that time it was already rolling from the West00:10:58
avalanche of another war00:11:00
The crusaders stormed the fortress00:11:02
Izborsk and after it After a difficult00:11:05
Pskov surrendered to the siege00:11:07
and then the Novgorodians went to bow to00:11:10
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to ask that00:11:13
again gave them a son as a prince00:11:15
Yaroslav sent his youngest son Andrei to00:11:19
Novgorod did not suit them with this option00:11:22
what was needed was not just a prince, but a brave warrior00:11:25
in general they needed a winner00:11:27
Alexander Yaroslavich00:11:30
only then did Alexander agree00:11:32
return00:11:35
with a powerful blow he is higher than the Germans from Pskov00:11:38
and went further into the captured order00:11:41
Estonia or the land of miracles, as they called it00:11:43
her in Rus'00:11:45
Prince Alexander with the main forces00:11:47
approached Lake Peipus00:11:51
many years ago, as a teenager, Alexander00:11:54
Yaroslavovich saw the Teutons in battle under00:11:56
herpt and this sight stuck forever00:12:00
in memory00:12:05
and was now angry and the crack of breaking off00:12:09
the spears stood and the enemies showed their backs00:12:13
ride as if on air00:12:15
[music]00:12:18
and Prince Alexander returned with a glorious00:12:21
victory and led barefoot beside those horses00:12:25
who call themselves God's knights00:12:29
the battle on Lake Peipus has grown over the centuries00:12:32
many myths, most of which00:12:35
arose already in the Soviet period when00:12:37
historians proclaimed it the largest00:12:40
battle of the early Middle Ages present00:12:43
time has proven that there was no battle00:12:46
the middle of spring in the 12th century was icy00:12:49
much warmer than now even in the north00:12:52
Europe at the time of the battle on the lake was not00:12:55
could there be ice so strong that00:12:57
hundreds of heavily armed men could come out00:13:00
cavalrymen, the scale of the battle is also00:13:03
greatly exaggerated, it is established that with00:13:06
Teutonic side took part in it00:13:08
no more than 40 knights and 200 ordinary soldiers00:13:11
on the Russian side there are about 400 soldiers00:13:17
in this battle the Teutonic Order lost00:13:20
killed 20 and captured six of their best00:13:23
brothers a quarter of all knighthood00:13:25
I didn’t count the number of losses among the rank and file00:13:29
nobody00:13:30
The victory of Novgorod was complete and00:13:33
unconditional Master of the Order signed with00:13:36
Prince Alexander peace treaty00:13:38
to which the order refused all00:13:40
previously captured Russian lands are equal to00:13:43
as well as from continuing the war00:13:45
later northern Rus' will be attacked again00:13:48
one no less dangerous and numerous00:13:51
enemy army of Lithuanian princes00:13:54
but Mo Alexander will also deal heavy damage00:13:57
defeat00:13:59
Novgorod returned with great relief00:14:02
to a peaceful life00:14:04
the threat has passed00:14:09
but the real trouble was yet to come00:14:12
she had been walking nearby for a long time and was getting close00:14:16
getting closer00:14:17
the echo of a distant thunderstorm echoed alarmingly00:14:20
signs00:14:21
they said that suddenly there was shaking in Vladimir00:14:24
Earth So the stone churches shake00:14:27
walked and then in broad daylight in the sky00:14:30
the sun disappeared00:14:33
don't these signs mean that00:14:36
the end of the world is approaching00:14:41
For several years now the sky has been torn apart in the east00:14:44
and the earth's pillars of fire unheard of00:14:46
disasters00:14:48
it was similar to what was described00:14:50
biblical prophets00:14:52
Novgorod was almost not far away00:14:55
affected by this disaster but watered00:14:58
immensely terrified00:15:00
the prophecy spoke of terrible things00:15:03
people from the ends of the earth00:15:05
countless like the Locust who00:15:08
invasion will draw a line under the earthly00:15:11
stories00:15:12
and then these people came00:15:19
from the multitude of troops the Earth groaned and00:15:22
buzzed with the numbers and noise of the hordes00:15:26
wild animals of prey00:15:31
almost 20 years ago from the Great Steppe00:15:34
a huge army of unknown people came00:15:36
formerly nomadic Mongols00:15:39
20 Russian princes fought on the Kalka River00:15:42
against them were defeated head on00:15:45
they said that the bound prisoners were Mongols00:15:48
folded under the flooring boards sat on top00:15:51
feast and crushed them with the weight of their00:15:54
victorious celebration00:15:56
and then left leaving black behind them00:15:59
The horror is as suffocating as the smoke of a conflagration00:16:04
back then in Rus' they didn’t know what it was00:16:07
the army was just one of the detachments00:16:09
innumerable Mongol army detachment00:16:12
who was sent on reconnaissance by the conqueror00:16:15
Universe00:16:16
Genghis Khan00:16:18
the title Genghis Khan or Khan of the Ocean received in00:16:22
1206 tribal leader Temujin00:16:25
managed to unite many nomadic00:16:28
Mongol tribes into a single state00:16:30
during the struggle for power Temujin00:16:33
completely exterminated the Tatar tribe. But it was00:16:36
Tatars will not call Mongolians00:16:38
invaders in China, Rus' and Europe00:16:42
as a result of the conquest of Genghis Khan and his00:16:45
successors by mid-13th century00:16:48
the Mongol Empire occupied the largest00:16:51
big world history related00:16:53
territory with a total area of 38 million00:16:56
square kilometers in the 14th century Arab00:17:00
Travelers claimed that00:17:01
the length of this state reaches00:17:05
length 8 and width 6 months journey00:17:11
after the death of Genghis Khan his Heirs00:17:13
began to prepare a campaign to the west as it was00:17:17
stated in the will of the Great Khan before00:17:19
the last sea, that is, to the very edge00:17:22
land army that was supposed to00:17:25
conquer the western lands totaled00:17:27
more than 60 thousand people at its head00:17:31
stood in the nails of Genghis Khan batukhan or00:17:35
Batu00:17:37
December00:17:38
1237 Mongols approached Ryazan00:17:41
demanded to comply and pay in00:17:44
as tribute a tenth share of the property00:17:47
Ryazan residents answered when we will all be gone00:17:50
then everything will be yours00:17:53
after 6 days of desperate defense of the city00:17:55
And so it happened00:17:57
Ryazan was no more00:18:01
she will never be reborn00:18:03
modern Ryazan is located in 6000:18:06
kilometers from destroyed by the Mongols00:18:08
ancient city00:18:12
Batu fought in the Wolf Raid way until00:18:17
part of the Army besieged the rebellious city00:18:19
the rest walked through the surrounding lands00:18:21
burns out everything in its path00:18:24
On February 4, the Mongol besieged Vladimir through00:18:29
8 days the city was00:18:32
Princely family boyars and clergy00:18:35
the Mongols also locked themselves in the Assumption Cathedral00:18:38
burned them there alive along with the collected00:18:41
books from all over the city00:18:51
in less than a month, 17 cities fell into00:18:55
including Suzdal Rostov-Tver Kostroma00:18:58
Dmitrov Moscow00:18:59
countless villages perished00:19:03
mid-March before reaching the staver00:19:05
Zhdanov cities, the Mongols turned around and left00:19:07
to your degrees on the way back00:19:10
besieged the small town of Kozelsk00:19:13
resisted not 6 days like Ryazan and not00:19:16
8 as the capital Vladimir00:19:18
4900:19:19
Only in May, having combined all our forces00:19:23
The Mongols still took him, calling him evil00:19:26
city and slaughtered all the inhabitants00:19:31
then the wave of the Invasion subsided, leaving00:19:34
behind it is a conflagration and mountains of corpses, but this00:19:38
there was only the first wave in the next00:19:41
year the Mongols came again turned into00:19:44
Ruins of Murom Pereslavl Southern Chernigov00:19:47
a year later Batu took Kyiv00:19:51
ancient Russian capital rich00:19:53
a beautiful city with a population of 50 thousand00:19:56
Human00:19:57
the cemetery became burnt00:20:00
after 6 years there were barely 20000:20:04
yards00:20:07
passing through southwestern Rus' Khan Batu00:20:09
ravaged Poland, Hungary, Croatia and left00:20:12
to the Adriatic and reaching the last sea00:20:16
as Genghis Khan bequeathed, Batu turned around00:20:19
and went back to degree00:20:21
settled in the Lower Volga and soon00:20:24
a whole city arose around his headquarters00:20:26
Saray Batu Batu Palace00:20:30
the time for hiking was over, it was time00:20:33
establish on conquered lands00:20:35
Mongol order00:20:48
the few surviving princes00:20:51
were going to a congress to decide who will take00:20:54
The Great Throne, empty after death00:20:57
Prince of Vladimir00:20:59
Alexander traveled to Vladimir from00:21:02
Novgorod longest00:21:04
and every day of this terrible00:21:06
travel turned out to be00:21:11
on the site of the crowded noisy Torzhok00:21:17
Pereyaslavl is no longer familiar with00:21:19
childhood streets Stolny Vladimir00:21:22
robbed looks like a cemetery00:21:26
temples with hastily stripped domes00:21:29
tidied up, re-lit so it was00:21:32
Where to bury the countless dead on00:21:35
which lacked neither coffins nor shrouds00:21:40
but the congress of the Grand Duke of Vladimir00:21:43
Alexander's father Yaroslav Him was elected00:21:46
now it was necessary to gather the survivors and00:21:49
burying the dead to restore00:21:51
the capital and all of northeastern Rus'00:21:56
But first He had to admit his00:21:59
dependence on the Horde or lose it all00:22:04
the prince was no longer the master of his land00:22:07
now what belonged to him by right00:22:11
birth He must humbly ask how00:22:13
favor from the Mongol Khan00:22:18
the prince’s insertions were not warned00:22:22
for an ordinary person to look up00:22:24
Great Khan Great Hansen of the sun A on00:22:28
Is it possible to watch the sun?00:22:31
It's not about myself that I would rather go blind00:22:34
than to look00:22:40
Yaroslav fulfilled all the demands of the Mongols00:22:45
Father was pleased with his obedience and00:22:47
gave him a written certificate for00:22:51
great reign of Vladimir Kiev00:22:57
this is how the yoke began00:23:01
Mongol yoke political dependence00:23:04
Russian princes from the Horde the word yoke00:23:07
meant a yoke or collar part of the harness00:23:11
working livestock, confirming the rights to00:23:14
Russian princes own lands00:23:16
became not only vassals but also00:23:19
tributaries of the Khan's yoke will last more than 24000:23:22
years during this time through the Horde to Russian00:23:25
the language will include about 2000 words of Turkic00:23:28
origin00:23:32
1246 power over the Mongol00:23:34
the empire was taken over by Hanguyuk rulers of all00:23:38
lands conquered by the Mongols were to00:23:40
attend the enthronement of the Great00:23:42
Khan00:23:44
Prince Yaroslav of Vladimir went to00:23:46
Mongolian capital00:23:50
he did everything that was required of him00:23:52
confirmed his authority to Wu Khan Guyuk00:23:55
but he could not return to Vladimir00:23:58
destined00:23:59
in all likelihood the mother-guyuk brought it00:24:02
Yaroslav receives poisoned kumis from the prince00:24:06
Vladimirsky Yaroslav died on September 3000:24:10
124600:24:12
10 days before this insertion of Batu's barn00:24:16
Prince Mikhail of Chernigov was killed for this00:24:20
that he refused to perform a pagan ritual00:24:22
purification by fire during the life of Yaroslav and00:24:26
Mikhail were rivals, but death00:24:28
united them00:24:31
many years later they will be glorified00:24:34
Church in the Face of Holy Saints00:24:36
princes00:24:42
next spring the body of Yaroslav00:24:45
Vsevolodovich was brought to Vladimir after00:24:48
funeral announced the will00:24:51
Yaroslav left the Grand Duke00:24:53
the throne is not for the eldest son Alexander, but00:24:56
younger Andrey00:24:58
Alexander did not challenge his father’s will and00:25:01
returned to his place in Novgorod, but soon00:25:04
a letter arrived from the Horde00:25:07
wished that to confirm my00:25:09
both sons arrived to him00:25:12
Grand Duke00:25:19
from Novgorod to the barn is two months’ journey00:25:22
through devastated villages and destroyed00:25:26
cities on waterless steppes dotted00:25:29
bones of people and animals on the road00:25:32
the Russian convoy more than once had to00:25:34
give way to a wildly galloping horseman00:25:37
red horsetail on a pole00:25:40
meant that the messenger was from the Great Khan I00:25:43
carries extremely important mail00:25:46
Yamskaya postal service system was00:25:49
created reasonsgiskhane to provide00:25:52
fast and reliable communication between00:25:54
separate armies and territories00:25:56
the huge Mongol Empire is the first00:26:00
in the world the postal system allowed everything00:26:02
convey information at a distance in a day00:26:05
10 days of the usual journey for the messengers to rest00:26:09
and a change of horses on the road were located00:26:12
transhipment points dzyam or ya00:26:15
the extraordinary Khan's messenger had the right00:26:18
brothers of any horses and any supplies00:26:21
Whoever they belong to00:26:24
authority was confirmed by a safe conduct certificate00:26:27
balsa metal or wood00:26:30
plaque with the image of a Falcon00:26:34
The Russian princes also had the Khan's warrior00:26:37
Batu issued it as a safe conduct00:26:40
baidza protected travelers from00:26:43
murder and outright robbery00:26:46
Batu had heard a lot about the victories of the young00:26:49
He did not intend to become the Prince of Novgorod00:26:51
break the Russian political system He00:26:54
wanted to take control of her and00:26:57
because he needed Prince Alexander00:26:58
Yaroslavich is not dead and not a slave A00:27:02
an ally can even be a friend00:27:07
Andrei was shaking slightly00:27:10
Alexander was as impenetrable as a statue00:27:14
Fine00:27:15
Alexander nevertheless raised his eyes00:27:18
he was almost half the age of Khan Yi00:27:22
gained himself a thousand times weaker as00:27:25
equal to equal00:27:27
And this is also good for Batu Khan to appreciate00:27:31
courage00:27:32
the bowls were served, there was karakumys in the bowls00:27:36
The royal drink is clear and sweet00:27:39
which only a select few are worthy of drinking00:27:44
Did you know Khan asked that God conquered00:27:48
I have many languages00:27:50
will you submit to my strength00:27:53
I know Alexander answered firmly and00:27:58
I submit to the will of God00:28:01
Batu pondered Who beat whom now00:28:05
but he didn’t care about the Russian God, he00:28:09
Alexandra Khan has already decided everything himself00:28:12
wanted to see the Prince of Vladimir00:28:15
the brothers presented the khan with a spiritual letter00:28:18
his father who bequeathed Vladimirskoe00:28:21
reign of the youngest son Andrei00:28:24
The last will of the father is a powerful argument00:28:27
Batu With all his desire, he couldn’t00:28:29
neglect00:28:31
it seemed to Yaroslav that all the00:28:33
the terrible thing is already behind us, left with the outside00:28:36
humbly listen to the will of the Great Khan00:28:38
who will confirm the will of their father and00:28:41
finally return to Rus' on a batyr00:28:44
decided otherwise, since the brothers are like this00:28:47
rush around with this will00:28:50
go straight to resolve your issue00:28:52
To the Great Khan, the rulers of all the Mongols in00:28:56
capital of the Mongol Empire00:29:01
another four thousand kilometers00:29:06
Desert heat and sandstorms00:29:10
cruel winds blowing away the soul00:29:14
the steppe is flat like a plate00:29:17
drove me crazy00:29:21
all these vast expanses were00:29:23
Mongol possessions00:29:25
territories of their order00:29:28
simple logical and ruthless as00:29:31
the steppe itself00:29:34
after four months of painful road00:29:37
the princely convoy approached Karakorum00:29:41
There was a roar and bleating over the steppe00:29:44
countless stats surrounding the capital00:29:47
from a distance the hilly plains appeared00:29:50
like a gigantic funnel drawing into itself00:29:52
all around00:29:54
heavily laden caravans dissolved00:29:57
among the many or crowded houses and00:30:00
multi-colored yords00:30:02
built from scratch in less than00:30:05
30 years ago Karakorum turned into a city00:30:08
area of 375 hectares with a population00:30:11
about 30 thousand people water from the river00:30:15
the canals supplied ponds and00:30:17
numerous baths in houses for00:30:20
heating was carried out under the floors00:30:22
stove ducts over flat roofs00:30:25
towered 12 pagan idols two00:30:28
Muslim mosques and Catholic00:30:31
Church Khan's Palace was located on00:30:34
an artificial hill one and a half meters high00:30:37
the inside of the palace was golden00:30:40
cloth high thresholds and 72 supporting00:30:43
pillars are wrapped in gold leaf00:30:46
there was a giant silver fountain in the yard00:30:49
tree with lions and snakes from its mouth00:30:52
which during the Khan's Feathers00:30:54
kumiss and rice beer erupted00:30:58
a different chanting motley crowd flowed through00:31:01
the Khan's Palace towered in the distance00:31:04
called fog00:31:06
10 thousand blessings00:31:10
snippet of Russian speech00:31:15
There were a lot of Russians here00:31:17
men women children and they all were00:31:22
slaves00:31:24
Karakarun seemed not city A00:31:26
giant bazaars where they were brought00:31:29
unimaginable riches from all over the world and where00:31:32
thousands of Christian Muslim captives00:31:35
pagans without straightening their backs worked on00:31:39
their overlords00:31:43
Princes Alexander Andrey arrived in the capital00:31:46
learned that the Great Khan died in Karakorum00:31:50
now his widow Hatton Agu rules00:31:53
gaymysh00:31:55
Russian princes were given a separate tent00:31:58
not far from the palace. There they were supposed to00:32:01
wait for the Great Khatuna to hear the mouse00:32:04
will be able to accept them00:32:06
the ruler had no time to spare00:32:09
she spent time in fortune-telling by shamans00:32:12
there were rumors that she was not a person but a noise00:32:15
Steppe Witch00:32:18
the princes spent a year and a half in the steppe00:32:20
capital On seven winds under a foreign sky00:32:24
they were finally called to the palace00:32:27
[music]00:32:28
homeless mechanically doing everything00:32:31
the proper ceremonies Alexander glanced00:32:34
on the hatton and shuddered00:32:38
she had no face00:32:41
stationary thickly coated mask with00:32:44
empty gaps in her eyes looking into nowhere00:32:46
as if I was contemplating Other worlds00:32:52
Hutton did not want to recognize Alexander00:32:54
ruler of all Rus' as he would like00:32:57
you Andrey received a label on Vladimir00:33:00
Alexander to Kyiv and Novgorod most00:33:03
the terrible thing is left behind00:33:05
[music]00:33:06
but in Rus' Alexander Yaroslavovich00:33:09
came back different00:33:10
Having lived for a year and a half among the Mongols, the prince00:33:14
I saw a completely different Civilization These00:33:17
people seemed to be not created from flesh and00:33:20
blood And from the sand of the deserts and the Steppe00:33:22
winds and the power of this empire was beyond00:33:25
human understanding and did not succumb00:33:28
calculus00:33:31
Envoys were waiting for Alexander in Novgorod00:33:34
from the Pope they offered him a Union00:33:37
against the Mongols in exchange for acceptance00:33:39
Catholic teaching00:33:42
schism of the united apostolic church00:33:44
Christ to Roman Catholic and00:33:47
Greek Orthodox called Great00:33:50
Schism occurred in 1054 but00:33:54
the division of churches began long before00:33:56
this Rome and Constantinople diverged00:33:59
At first for political reasons but00:34:01
then century after century everything is significant00:34:03
became more complicated00:34:05
professing the same Christian Faith00:34:08
Catholics and Orthodox Christians differ in00:34:11
issues of theology features00:34:13
worship services of church politics and00:34:16
culture00:34:19
Alexander replied as a Babsky envoy00:34:24
this is the lady before the flood from the flood before00:34:26
separation of languages from confusion of languages to00:34:29
Christmas from the Nativity of Christ00:34:32
until the passion and resurrection of the Lord from00:34:35
his resurrection and until his ascension to00:34:37
heaven from the ascension to heaven00:34:39
first council from the first council to00:34:41
seventh00:34:43
everything is fine00:34:47
[music]00:34:51
we don't accept00:34:58
the cardinals did not expect such an answer00:35:01
in their opinion, Prince Alexander was not in00:35:04
in a position to refuse00:35:06
patronage of the pope himself and from00:35:09
Western aid00:35:11
but Alexander Yaroslavich knew very well00:35:15
what is he doing00:35:16
no political considerations00:35:19
could force the prince to give up00:35:21
the salvation of the soul and the Faith of his people00:35:25
after a trip to Karakorum everything became better for him00:35:28
quite clear00:35:30
Mongols are the same people from the ends of the earth about00:35:34
which the biblical prophets spoke00:35:36
useless military against him00:35:39
art and military cunning are elements00:35:41
Which is impossible to resist even00:35:44
Western help even without Catholics00:35:48
the lands under their control changed everything00:35:50
state language culture religion00:35:53
didn’t even impose its customs and didn’t00:35:56
dragged anyone into her faith, they understood it00:36:00
not everyone is the younger brother of Alexander the Great00:36:03
Prince Vladimirsky Andrey Yaroslavich00:36:05
stopped paying Tribute to the Horde Batu called00:36:09
Alexander went to ward both brothers00:36:12
Andrey no reaction followed00:36:15
immediately00:36:21
Prince Andrei was defeated and fled to Sweden00:36:24
Vladimir Rus' suffered terrible00:36:27
ruin and a label for a great reign00:36:30
Batu handed over to Alexander00:36:36
again like 10 years ago his Horse entered00:36:39
on the scorched earth again the ruins of cities00:36:42
mountains of corpses and clouds of crows again and again00:36:46
in the wind gray with ash and in well water00:36:48
even in the gray stones one could feel it everywhere00:36:52
this monstrous stench that he is so00:36:54
I tried to forget and couldn’t and won’t be able to anymore00:36:58
never00:37:03
Alexander Yaroslavich boarded Vladimirsky00:37:06
the throne and as before his father became00:37:10
slow and difficult to recover00:37:12
ruined cities00:37:16
in 1257 in all subjects subject to the Great00:37:21
the prince of the lands was in the Mongol census00:37:24
Horde officials carefully brought in00:37:26
your endless lists of those who should00:37:29
pay tribute00:37:31
Novgorodians resolutely opposed00:37:33
this is why their city was not conquered by Batu00:37:36
they are free people, nothing to anyone00:37:39
have to pay00:37:40
troubles began00:37:42
the mayor and the boyars tried to persuade the veche00:37:45
to submit but failed00:37:48
Novgorod raged until00:37:50
Grand Duke Alexander appeared00:37:52
Yaroslavovich squad and Horde00:37:55
with ambassadors he brutally suppressed the rebellion00:37:58
the instigator of the riot ordered to publicly cut00:38:01
noses and eyes gouged out00:38:07
Why do those who are already blind need eyes?00:38:11
they think Batu didn’t reach it before00:38:13
Novgorod won’t reach even now00:38:15
no forests and swamps will stop those00:38:18
who has walked halfway around the world, the Mongol army is coming00:38:22
and there will be no more Mr. Great00:38:24
Novgorod, rich, powerful and blind in00:38:29
my pride00:38:31
not a single free city of Europe even00:38:34
I dreamed of such a vast territory00:38:36
which owned Novgorod00:38:39
not a single trading city of Rus' possessed00:38:42
using such means and no one has ever done it before00:38:45
managed to twist this rich and00:38:48
Mighty city how did it00:38:49
Alexander Yaroslavich00:38:52
many years later the Novgorodians will be00:38:55
be prescribed separately in contracts00:38:57
prince's obligations00:38:59
don't do things like Alexander00:39:04
Novgorod began to pay the Horde Tribute00:39:07
there was no punitive campaign00:39:10
Alexander Yaroslavich has a few more years00:39:13
managed to maintain relatively00:39:15
good relations with Khan Batu00:39:18
The heir Sartak himself was a Christian00:39:21
The Horde was already ready to move from00:39:24
paganism to monotheism and chose between00:39:27
Islam and Christianity00:39:29
But having gone to the cancer room for approval00:39:32
their powers back sort are not00:39:35
he returned, he was poisoned by order00:39:37
Berke who became Khan's muzzle A in00:39:42
next century the Horde will convert to Islam00:39:48
at this time the collection of Russian tribute - Karakorum00:39:51
farmed out to Muslim merchants00:39:53
Bukhara or Bessermen as they were called00:39:57
in Rus' from merchants accompanied00:40:00
Horde troops behaved defiantly00:40:02
literally robbed the already impoverished00:40:05
population of Vladimir Rus'00:40:08
the last straw was their attempt00:40:11
spread of Islam00:40:15
the prince could not openly resist00:40:18
immortals considered them official00:40:21
representatives of the Mongols but also tolerate them00:40:25
atrocities Alexander Nevsky is not00:40:26
he was going to send letters to the cities00:40:29
with a short and clear appeal to something Tatar00:40:36
Yaroslavl was the first to rebel, where with its own00:40:39
A former monk became famous for his outrages00:40:41
Zosima, who converted to Islam and switched to00:40:44
service in Bessermen for the sake of his masters00:40:47
killed From the body they were thrown to the dogs00:40:51
in a short time the uprising was enough00:40:53
huge territory in Vladimir Suzdal00:40:56
Rostov Pereoslavl-Zalessky tax farmers00:40:59
killed and expelled from cities00:41:03
and then Humberke placed the great00:41:06
Prince Alexander before choosing or00:41:09
a large punitive expedition will ruin00:41:11
rebellious cities or in Rus' are held00:41:15
military kit for the Mongol army00:41:19
Alexander Yaroslavich hastily went to the Horde00:41:22
according to the chronicler for Christians with00:41:25
bastards - get over it00:41:29
for more than a year he and Berkestal lived together00:41:32
his vast nomadism00:41:34
Hans eventually changed Anger to00:41:37
mercy00:41:42
in autumn00:41:44
1263 Alexander Yaroslavovich left00:41:48
from the barn he was 42 years old but he00:41:52
felt like a frail old man00:41:55
the cause of the disease or he was given poison00:41:57
in the Horde this no longer had any00:42:00
values00:42:02
the prince wanted to stop in Gorodets00:42:04
Volzhsky Fedorovsky Monastery Where00:42:07
there was a highly revered shrine00:42:10
miraculous image of the Mother of God00:42:13
350 years later, the Feodorovskaya icon of God00:42:17
Mother will be blessed with a kingdom00:42:19
first ruler of the Romanov dynasty00:42:28
the rank of tonsure required a lot of effort00:42:31
crawl to the abbot00:42:34
pick up the scissors he threw three times00:42:36
to prove his strength00:42:39
intentions00:42:40
readiness for self-denial00:42:43
humility abilities00:42:46
and only then can you be born again00:42:50
to eternal life00:42:55
November 1400:42:58
1263 Feodorovsky monastery of Gorodets00:43:02
Himonk Alexey went to the Lord with him00:43:06
who just yesterday was the Grand Duke00:43:09
Vladimir Kyiv Alexander00:43:11
Yaroslavich00:43:18
A few days later in Vladimir00:43:20
Metropolitan Kirill came out to the crowd00:43:23
before the Assumption Cathedral he told the townspeople00:43:26
chadovaya00:43:28
you mean supposedly00:43:35
[music]00:43:43
Prince Alexander Nevsky was glorified in00:43:46
Lyceum of the Holy Blessed in the middle of the 16th century00:43:48
centuries the veneration of the Holy Prince began00:43:52
immediately after his death00:43:56
According to church tradition, incorruptible00:43:59
the relics of Prince Alexander were miraculous00:44:01
acquired on the eve of the Kulikovskaya00:44:04
battle in 1723 by order of Peter I00:44:08
the relics of the Holy Prince were transported from00:44:11
Vladimir has just arrived in St. Petersburg00:44:13
Alexander Nevsky Lavra founded00:44:15
which gave its name to the main street of the empire00:44:19
Nevsky Prospekt from now on00:44:22
veneration of Alexander Nevsky has acquired00:44:25
state character three Russian00:44:28
emperors were named Alexanders00:44:31
his honor during Soviet times in 194200:44:35
the first of the pre-revolutionary orders was00:44:38
The Order of Prince Alexander was restored00:44:40
Nevsky currently he is00:44:43
the only order that unites00:44:46
award systems of the Russian Empire00:44:49
Soviet Union and Russian Federation00:44:55
having humbled his pride, he admitted dependence00:44:58
from the Horde and thereby saved His country from00:45:01
complete destruction by choice00:45:03
Alexander Yaroslavovich predetermined00:45:05
the further course of Russian history00:45:09
military exploits in the west against the order00:45:11
and the feat of humility in the east in the Horde00:45:14
had one goal: preserving Russian00:45:17
Orthodox state00:45:24
when did Alexander Yaroslavich die00:45:28
his youngest son Daniel was still quite00:45:31
as a child00:45:33
and after kamvon Knyazhichi I had to go00:45:36
without a father00:45:38
But what Alexander Nevsky started00:45:41
this boy will continue00:45:45
Daniil Alexandrovich will become the founder00:45:47
kind of Moscow princes who will bring down00:45:51
the power of the Horde and will create a new state00:45:55
Moscow Rus'00:45:58
the story continued00:46:00
And that was the story00:46:02
Orthodox Russian state00:46:14
[music]00:46:19
[music]00:46:57
[music]00:47:21
Mitya was so scared that she was shaking00:47:25
my knees felt nauseous00:47:27
[music]00:47:28
it was his first time in the Horde, he came to receive00:47:32
label for the great reign00:47:36
King of the great kings of the earth Ann Nauruz00:47:39
Muhammad looked at the funny boy00:47:42
Moscow Prince00:47:45
Khan has already decided that he will give the label not to him but00:47:48
Dmitry Suzdal enemy and rival00:47:51
Moscow00:47:52
the more the Russian princes squabble, the00:47:56
the noose is tightened around their necks00:47:58
Golden Horde00:48:00
and it will always be like this00:48:03
[music]00:48:07
Mitya held on with all his strength just to00:48:10
not to cry, all the efforts of great-grandfather Grandfather00:48:13
and father Everything went well00:48:16
but they00:48:19
in a month he will lose power along with00:48:22
head00:48:23
Moscow will become the capital of the Russian00:48:25
states00:48:27
Grand Duke Dmitry will strike at00:48:30
century-old00:48:32
there will be no fear there will be victory00:48:43
[music]00:49:20
after the Mongol invasion everything00:49:22
largest cities including Kyiv and00:49:25
Vladimir lay in ruins00:49:28
Rus' became part of the Golden Horde as part of00:49:31
huge Mongol empire00:49:36
at the end of the 13th century northeastern Rus'00:49:40
was in a state of general poverty00:49:42
and desolation as a result of the Mongol00:49:45
Invasions have greatly reduced density00:49:47
trade population in host cities00:49:50
thousands of artisans practically froze00:49:53
many were taken into Horde captivity00:49:55
crafts before Mongolian Rus' turned out to be00:49:58
lost widespread circulation of money00:50:01
stopped00:50:02
used in everyday life00:50:04
substitutes for coins up to glass and00:50:08
stone beads00:50:11
on the edge of a devastated country, far from00:50:15
large busy trade routes00:50:17
politicians00:50:18
lay the little Moscow principality00:50:22
hidden behind forests and swamps it00:50:24
suffered less than others from the Horde00:50:26
hikes00:50:28
The youngest son of Alexander reigned here00:50:31
Nevsky Daniil Alexandrovich he ruled00:50:34
calm economically in strife not00:50:38
participated in power, did not fight and taught00:50:41
this of all his many sons00:50:45
but his most attentive student00:50:47
will be the younger Ivan Danilovich00:50:53
Ivan was only five years old when it started00:50:56
war the struggle of siblings for greatness00:50:59
the reign ended with one of them00:51:01
brought to Rus' the Mongol punitive00:51:03
squad people don't lie00:51:07
Moscow is filled with refugees00:51:10
hoped that the Mongols would pass by00:51:12
wanted to sit behind a wooden fence but00:51:15
children don't lie like a forest fire didn't spare00:51:18
there was no one and no protection from her00:51:21
Moscow was burned00:51:25
Prince Daniil gave to help the fire victims00:51:28
all your personal property00:51:31
[music]00:51:33
He died young but managed to rebuild00:51:36
Moscow and expand your lands00:51:39
[music]00:51:43
his two sons remained in Moscow00:51:46
the elder Yuri and the younger John took00:51:50
Yuri's father's throne took a heavy toll00:51:53
inheritance he had to get involved in00:51:55
a dangerous war with a mighty door at that time00:51:58
stronger than Moscow00:52:00
Yuri left his younger brother A in Moscow00:52:03
I went in my mouth to get there00:52:09
Russian land consisted of inheritances00:52:12
separate territories with their own00:52:14
rulers of all appanage princes at will00:52:17
Khan received a label, that is, the right to00:52:20
managing one's own lands is one of the00:52:23
princes of the khan's choice also received00:52:26
golden label the right to a great reign00:52:29
The Grand Duke was considered the eldest of00:52:32
appanage princes and they were all in00:52:35
his subordination00:52:37
at this time the gold label was holding00:52:39
Tver Prince Mikhail and the Door Using00:52:42
by this admiral of Moscow Earth00:52:45
but now the great reign was going to00:52:48
not to the one who is older in the family, who is faster00:52:51
will run to the khan and offer him more00:52:53
gifts00:52:56
after spending almost two years in the Horde, Yuri00:52:59
Moskovsky managed to outplay his opponent00:53:02
married the sister of the Uzbek Khan received00:53:05
Hurricane A's high Mongolian title00:53:08
long-awaited as a wedding gift00:53:11
gold label00:53:14
to celebrate the Victory he had to00:53:16
Mikhail Tverskoy did not go after Yuri for long00:53:20
the war defeated his army and the princess00:53:29
Yuri rushed about like a hunted animal.00:53:32
Moscow Terme his princess sister of the khan00:53:35
Uzbek woman was taken hostage by Khan00:53:38
will never forgive him for this mistake00:53:40
it was before the Uzbek to go to Arda Vinnitsa00:53:43
scary Before the convulsions, he didn’t know what to do00:53:47
but then the ambassador arrived, he was white with fear00:53:51
and reported00:53:55
unknown from what00:53:57
princess captured in Tver00:54:00
died00:54:05
It was a blow00:54:09
Furious, Yuri rushed at the ambassador and killed him00:54:14
[applause]00:54:15
[music]00:54:21
Having come to his senses, he decided to immediately go to00:54:25
ardu00:54:26
by all means get there early00:54:29
Prince of Tver to accuse him of00:54:33
death of the Khan's daughter00:54:37
Mikhail Tverskoy was also going to the Horde, he00:54:41
understood that the game was over if he didn’t00:54:44
Khan will go and send a punitive detachment and00:54:47
will destroy the entire door00:54:48
the grown sons and the princess begged00:54:51
Michael not to go and the summit of greatness00:54:53
They said Run, we'll fight back, but he said goodbye00:54:57
with everyone and went to the khan to give00:55:02
his life for peace on Tver land00:55:06
orders together with Yuri's warriors00:55:08
Mikhail was executed00:55:10
ripping his heart out00:55:13
[music]00:55:19
seven years later he will take revenge on Mikhail00:55:22
son He will kill Yuri Moskovsky himself for00:55:26
it will be executed00:55:27
but Khan will take Moscow's golden label and00:55:31
will return it to the door00:55:37
after the death of Yuri, Moscow remained00:55:39
the youngest and last of Danilovich Ivan00:55:44
he received a monstrous knot of hatred and00:55:48
discord that was so tightly managed00:55:50
tighten in the bloody struggle Moscow and00:55:52
door00:55:56
in Moscow All that was needed was silence00:56:00
at least 10 years without war, so much is possible00:56:04
manage to fix it in time to save00:56:07
increase00:56:13
[music]00:56:15
in fact, he was already the ruler of Moscow00:56:18
long ago while older brother Yuri fought with00:56:21
Ivan's door was actually his00:56:23
viceroy prince without the right to receive00:56:26
solutions00:56:28
Now out of the five Danilovichi he remains00:56:30
one00:56:32
the power of his worst enemies00:56:36
Ivan wasn't going to fight for the label00:56:39
he had more important things to do, he started00:56:43
restore equip Little by little00:56:45
expand your principality by accumulating strength00:56:49
and means00:56:53
at this time he came to Tver to kick out00:56:55
arrears new Horde ambassador of bees Khan00:56:58
or clicked cousin of the Great Khan00:57:02
he settled in the princely Palace and behaved00:57:06
like a conquered city00:57:10
An uprising broke out and engulfed the entire00:57:12
city00:57:14
Tatars Merchants from cups00:57:21
this jeopardized the strength of Rus' and00:57:25
nearest neighbor first00:57:27
Muscovy00:57:32
Ivan Moskovsky hastily went to the Horde00:57:36
he will do there as he appears before00:57:38
khan He did not yet know from the depths of his soul00:57:42
anger rose, the righteous twitches boiled00:57:45
with rage And now why are these proud people washing themselves?00:57:49
Knights with the blood of their neighbors and parents00:57:52
wives and children00:57:56
Ivan Danilovich remembered that well00:57:58
the utter horror that left people00:58:00
lie00:58:02
the Mongols are walking and scattering widely across the land00:58:05
like a forest fire00:58:07
Ivan had to defend Moscow00:58:10
there was nowhere to retreat at any cost00:58:16
Khanuzbek accepted it kindly and put it00:58:19
conditions00:58:20
Moscow regiments must go on a campaign against00:58:23
the door along with the Mongols then none00:58:26
The Horde warrior will not set foot on Moscow soil00:58:30
Ivan Danilovich made his choice, he knew00:58:34
that the people of Tver will curse him and perhaps00:58:36
descendants will condemn but he chose peace for00:58:39
Moscow land and throughout Northern Rus'00:58:43
united army of Horde and Muscovites00:58:46
defeated the rebellious door great00:58:49
Khan transferred the reign to the Moscow prince00:58:51
Ivan00:58:53
[music]00:58:54
Having received the golden label, Ivan did not move to00:58:57
capital Vladimir How others did00:58:59
the princes remained in their Moscow soon to00:59:03
moved to him from Vladimir and00:59:05
Metropolitan Peter thus turning00:59:07
Moscow to the New Spiritual Capital of Rus'00:59:11
Metropolitan Peter managed to write everything himself00:59:14
icons tirelessly traveled around the dioceses00:59:17
exhorted and preached, called upon princes00:59:21
prevented the influx of the Horde from reaching the world00:59:24
preaching Islam00:59:26
their spiritual children and, above all,00:59:29
Moscow Prince Ivan Danilovich he00:59:32
taught humility00:59:34
give up a little to preserve the main thing00:59:37
and Moscow will become a strong stronghold00:59:39
Orthodoxy lies in its salvation00:59:42
[music]00:59:44
Metropolitan Peter strongly advised00:59:47
the prince to build a large temple in Moscow in00:59:50
honor of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary00:59:53
if you listen to me son00:59:56
Your sons and grandsons will be glorified00:59:59
Slaven will be played by her01:00:02
his enemies are defeated01:00:06
Ivan Danilovich knew that Vladyka01:00:08
a seer and believed His every word but01:00:12
it was impossible even for us to eat the present01:00:14
imagine a great future that01:00:18
so the Metropolitan confidently predicted to Moscow01:00:21
Peter01:00:22
with the blessing of Vladyka Prince Ivan01:00:25
founded a stone temple in the center of the city and01:00:29
Centuries later, the Assumption Cathedral01:00:31
The Moscow Kremlin will become the main temple01:00:34
Russian state01:00:38
he rushed through a blizzard of prickly snow01:00:42
the face and the field were endlessly far away01:00:45
ahead A huge01:00:48
mountain and even through the snowstorm I saw how01:00:50
her snow-white top shines01:00:54
but suddenly the shining one at the top melted away01:00:56
snow01:00:58
and then the mountain itself disappeared without a trace01:01:02
the tears faded and it became difficult to breathe01:01:07
the prince woke up and realized that he was crying in reality01:01:13
He told his strange dream01:01:16
Metropolitan01:01:18
Olya explained to him the great thing Peter is yours01:01:22
Moscow State01:01:24
O great mountain It is you yourself, sovereign01:01:29
and that the snow began to melt means that I01:01:32
I’ll die first and you’ll die later01:01:36
When you hear that someone has come to you01:01:38
old man This will be the end of your life01:01:45
Metropolitan Peter became seriously ill when01:01:48
Ivan was on his way from the Horde, the prince abandoned01:01:51
the boss, driving his horse, galloped to Moscow but01:01:54
did not have time without waiting for Ivan Vladyka01:01:58
before his death he nevertheless taught him01:02:00
last lesson all his property he01:02:04
distributed to the poor01:02:05
[music]01:02:07
burying and mourning Metropolitan Peter01:02:09
Ivan Danilovich clearly understood that01:02:13
hurry01:02:15
he must have time to build his mountain01:02:18
It’s not easy to wait for the great when the Lord01:02:20
will have mercy on his people but be prepared for01:02:23
this grace01:02:25
[music]01:02:27
throughout Vladimir Rus' there are already several01:02:30
nothing was built for decades, but Ivan01:02:33
Danilovich started in Moscow not just01:02:35
big and grandiose construction01:02:38
instead of the dilapidated Sosnovy Tyn01:02:41
oak walls and towers of a new01:02:44
Kremlin01:02:45
from the usual fortified city center01:02:48
The Kremlin became the residence of the Grand Duke01:02:52
where did Ivan Danilovich get all this from?01:02:54
the remedy remained a mystery to many01:02:57
The Moscow prince found a witty solution01:03:00
he no longer paid his servants01:03:03
money and lands which were called01:03:06
they did not leave the estate from the land treasury01:03:09
were given temporary custody for01:03:11
conditions of service01:03:13
after some time the system01:03:15
local land ownership will become the main01:03:18
in the country and the landowners will become nobles01:03:22
support of the throne01:03:23
military-administrative framework01:03:25
Russian state01:03:27
Prince Ivan treated with respect01:03:30
merchants through his efforts the roads of the principality01:03:33
became safe for merchants01:03:35
caravans01:03:36
highway robbers were driven away01:03:38
local ruler takes taxes from merchants01:03:41
banned01:03:42
trade turnover grew01:03:45
Well, yes, there are great opportunities for merchants, prince01:03:48
asked them a lot01:03:52
the revenue side of the budget consisted of01:03:54
several articles of direct land01:03:57
the tax on peasants was fixed but01:04:00
trade tax could increase along with01:04:02
with turnover the same as transit tax01:04:04
which was charged upon crossing01:04:06
merchant train administrative01:04:09
borders Prince Ivan added trade01:04:12
duty the amount of which could vary according to01:04:15
by order of the authorities01:04:17
soon Ivan Danilovich achieved vardem on01:04:21
field and to collect tribute from all Russians01:04:23
lands he knew how important it was and even01:04:26
recorded this privilege in his01:04:28
his title was now called prince01:04:31
Great01:04:33
he himself assembled the entire Horde exit without01:04:36
all kinds of foreign farmers and collectors01:04:38
and he himself took it to the khan without giving the slightest01:04:42
reasons for a punitive campaign01:04:45
annual Tribute to the Moscow Principality01:04:48
was 128 kg of silver Nizhny Novgorod01:04:52
Suzdalsky 150 to the Tver principality and01:04:55
Novgorod paid 200 kg Danya01:04:59
Vladimir and its environs was01:05:01
half a ton of silver in the mid-14th century, all01:05:05
northeastern Rus' paid Gold01:05:08
The Horde receives almost one and a half tons of silver per year01:05:10
this amount could feed01:05:13
Approximately 100 thousand peasants or an army in01:05:17
10-15 thousand horsemen01:05:20
The Moscow prince collected tribute01:05:23
Forgetting his benefit, part of the way out he01:05:26
left in Moscow in agreement with the horde01:05:30
kicked out arrears by sending them to the cities01:05:32
debtors to their governors in Rostov, which01:05:36
owed more than others the Muscovites arranged01:05:40
defeat is no worse than the Horde01:05:44
Prince Ivan gave to the ruined Rostovites01:05:47
opportunity to move to Moscow01:05:48
the enemy's area without giving them a wide01:05:53
privileges01:05:54
among other migrants were01:05:56
Rostov Boyarin Kirill with his wife and their01:06:00
14-year-old son Bartholomew01:06:02
future Sergius of Radonezh01:06:06
greatest ascetic spiritual collector01:06:09
Russian people01:06:15
few cities could afford01:06:18
such luxury as the ringing of bells01:06:20
Moscow could01:06:23
the evangelists of the small bell rang and01:06:26
the ringing bell marked the time of day01:06:29
and holidays were called to the liturgy and announced01:06:33
about the events When Prince Ivan Danilovich01:06:36
called the Moscow nobility for a feast01:06:39
cheerful refectory bell01:06:42
as if they returned sung in epics01:06:45
old times01:06:46
at the abundant table next to the prince01:06:49
the Bogatyrs slowly drank his toasts01:06:51
boyars builders of the Moscow state01:06:55
the prince was first among equals and they all01:06:59
did a common cause, raised the Russian01:07:02
holding the earth above it saving01:07:05
dome of the Great Silence01:07:10
telling about the times of Prince Ivan01:07:12
the chronicler will call him kind, but01:07:15
history he will go down with the unofficial01:07:17
by the popular nickname Kalita was called01:07:21
Ivan's alms purse01:07:23
Danilovich always carried with him01:07:25
Anyone who asked for help received it01:07:35
Before dawn he suddenly woke up01:07:38
as if someone shook his shoulder01:07:42
the chain of doors clanged01:07:44
and he clearly heard a voice01:07:48
everything the old man eats01:07:52
he had been waiting for this news for many years01:07:57
But now we meet01:08:01
bless Vladyka silently asked Ivan01:08:05
Danilovich and Vladyka certainly blessed01:08:15
in the monastery everything was ready for01:08:17
tonsure01:08:19
Grand Duke Ivan the good, nicknamed for01:08:22
generosity01:08:23
took monastic vows with the name01:08:28
a few weeks later on March 31st01:08:31
1340 he died01:08:34
[music]01:08:41
The Principality of Moscow expanded fear01:08:44
before the horde before her almighty01:08:46
Baskaks and merciless armies fear01:08:49
maddening slowly went into01:08:52
past01:08:54
a generation grew up that did not know01:08:56
horror of the Tatar Invasion and after 4001:09:00
years old sons of those who were born in the era01:09:02
The wickets will go to Kulikovo Field01:09:11
after the death of Ivan Kalita, his eldest01:09:14
son Simeon proudly ruled for 13 years trying01:09:17
follow in everything the commandments of the father from his01:09:21
six sons Four died on the first01:09:23
year of life, two more died along with01:09:26
Simeon when Chernaya came to Moscow01:09:30
death01:09:31
Black death world pandemic bubonic01:09:35
plague that began in the mid-14th century01:09:38
in Central Asia and hit the gold01:09:40
Horde plague together with the Genoese caravans01:09:43
Merchants spread throughout01:09:45
the Mediterranean and throughout Europe through01:09:48
Pskov penetrated into Russian lands along01:09:52
According to rough estimates, the plague claimed a quarter01:09:54
world population over 60 million01:09:58
people only in Europe are its victims01:10:01
steel 25 million01:10:04
after the death of the sons of Ivan Kalita on01:10:07
Moscow left two of his grandsons, Jr.01:10:10
Ivashka 5 years old and older01:10:13
nine year old01:10:18
he will be a great warrior and brave01:10:21
a ruler who will change the course of Russian01:10:24
history in the memory of generations he will remain01:10:27
as Dmitry Donskoy01:10:29
[music]01:10:38
the reign of Moscow went to the young01:10:41
Dmitry inherited from his father01:10:43
and the right to the great reign of Vladimir01:10:47
golden label He should have received in01:10:50
Orde However, Hannah Urus Muhammad decided01:10:54
to give a label to the great reign is not01:10:56
Moscow, which held him no longer01:10:59
30 years old for her main rival01:11:03
Nizhny Novgorod to the Suzdal Principality01:11:09
his father dying told him to obey in everything01:11:12
Bishop Metropolitan Alexei01:11:16
Metropolitan Alexy was the prince's godson01:11:19
Ivan Kalita and his faithful companion01:11:21
sons01:11:23
now he was to become an assistant and01:11:26
teacher of the young prince Dmitry01:11:31
powers fell on the shoulders of the Metropolitan01:11:33
shepherd and ruler in a devastated country01:11:36
the day before there was a terrible fire to the ground01:11:39
destroyed Moscow facades and the wooden itself01:11:42
Kremlin01:11:44
Metropolitan Alexey convinced the young prince01:11:46
build a new Kremlin this time01:11:49
stone01:11:51
there was no money in the treasury but Alexey knew01:11:54
how to solve this problem he collected on01:11:57
council of all Moscow boyars and01:11:59
invited everyone to build at their own expense01:12:02
section of a wall or tower add your own01:12:05
personal contribution to the common cause of defending Moscow01:12:10
the names of the contractors are still preserved01:12:13
In the names of Kremlin buildings01:12:15
Sobkina and Sviblovo Timofeevsky towers01:12:18
gates01:12:19
The white stone Kremlin has become one of01:12:22
the most powerful fortresses in Europe at that time01:12:24
its area was almost equal to the modern one01:12:27
and the solid foundation still stands01:12:30
the thickness of the walls reached three meters01:12:33
the walls had loopholes with01:12:35
wooden shields provide additional protection01:12:38
gave a deep ditch construction was going on in01:12:41
for many years by the efforts of many thousands01:12:44
people for whom this work became01:12:47
livelihood01:12:52
Vladykova headed the Moscow01:12:54
government under the prince youth which01:12:57
consisted of prominent boyars Centuries later01:13:00
descendants of these people01:13:02
Velyaminov Vorontsov Shuvalov01:13:04
Beklemish cats will determine01:13:07
history of Russia01:13:11
but so far Russia did not yet have 23 separate01:13:16
the principalities lived in their own interests, take them01:13:19
their chronicles and competed with each other01:13:21
friend01:13:22
they were united by a common territory01:13:26
Faith and general dependence on the Golden Horde01:13:32
The Horde did everything to prevent them01:13:34
unite was a tool of discord01:13:37
trade in the right to great reign01:13:40
each Khan gave out his label and stepped01:13:43
the moment when it was received simultaneously and01:13:46
Dmitry Moskovsky and Dmitry Suzdalsky01:13:49
war began between Moscow and Suzdal01:13:54
I don't know how it would have ended if01:13:57
did not intervene at the request of the Metropolitan01:13:58
Alexey is his old friend01:14:06
many considered him a saint and walked01:14:09
legends about miracles in his Abode01:14:12
the insightfulness of wisdom and the simplicity of the old man01:14:16
he built Kerry with his own hands and01:14:19
wooden temples on foot with one01:14:21
he walked through many lands with his bird cherry staff01:14:24
easily in dusty traveling clothes01:14:26
entered the princely chambers01:14:29
when Vladyka Alexei Hegumen called him01:14:32
immediately went to help01:14:35
he walked from Radonezh to Nizhny01:14:37
Novgorod through plague-ravaged cities01:14:40
villages deep forests and scorched by drought01:14:43
fields and persuaded the stubborn princes01:14:47
to reconcile01:14:49
no one has ever managed this before01:14:53
besides the humen Sergius of Radonezh he01:14:58
found the only words that01:15:00
softened hardened hearts and where01:15:04
Yesterday we gathered an army, now we are preparing01:15:06
for the wedding01:15:09
with the blessing of Father Sergius Dmitry01:15:12
Moskovsky took the wife of his ex-daughter01:15:15
enemy And in such Suzdal01:15:18
[music]01:15:20
weddings were played in snowy Kolomna01:15:23
the quiet city was seething with the joy of the unexpected01:15:25
holiday01:15:26
everyone and only the bride and groom were having fun01:15:30
sat at the wedding in Peru quieter than the waters below01:15:33
herbs01:15:34
Dmitry was 15, Evdokia was 1301:15:38
the usual age for marriage at that time01:15:40
The newlyweds did not dare raise their embarrassment01:15:43
eyes at each other01:15:46
this is how their love began, which is not01:15:50
will never end01:15:51
Dmitry Evdokia will live in love and01:15:54
consent of 22 years, eight will be born in them01:15:57
sons and four daughters and separate01:16:00
Princes and princesses can only be killed by death01:16:09
after the Kolomna wedding, peace and01:16:12
favor was enveloped like fluffy snow01:16:14
Russian lands01:16:17
The great silence remained unshakable01:16:21
it was possible to live peacefully without worry and01:16:24
tomorrow01:16:31
The horde was no longer what it used to be01:16:35
The Great Massacre has begun01:16:37
Khan's palace coups changed01:16:40
so fast that they can’t keep up01:16:43
get to the next ruler01:16:46
this time he seized power in the Horde01:16:49
Temnik, that is, the commander of the 10,000th01:16:52
corps named Mamai01:16:55
Without being a descendant of Genghis Khan, he could01:16:59
rule only on behalf of the puppets01:17:01
Khans of Batu's descendants01:17:05
The Golden Horde never succeeded01:17:08
escape the consequences of the black death01:17:10
Its Western part was no longer united01:17:13
was called the white horde formally in it01:17:16
Batu's descendants actually ruled Temnik01:17:19
Mamai01:17:21
The eastern part of the blue horde was controlled01:17:24
descendants of Shiban's brother Batu but supreme01:17:27
the ruler was considered the one who sat in01:17:29
capital of the Golden Horde in a barn01:17:32
Akahans and the world and technology fought between01:17:36
Russian princes took themselves for the Sarai throne01:17:38
were left to their own devices01:17:43
he should be paid The Horde exit was01:17:46
dont clear01:17:47
and after some time Moscow01:17:50
stopped paying him01:17:52
so decided the young prince Dmitry, he knew01:17:56
what should have followed01:17:58
punitive campaign but time passed01:18:03
Dmitry was 24 years old and let him experience01:18:08
gained a little more on his resolve01:18:10
occupy01:18:12
luck was on its way while the Horde01:18:15
floundering in strife is about time01:18:17
Russian princes unite01:18:20
winter came early that year and this too01:18:24
it was a great success01:18:25
frozen river all the North Russian princes01:18:28
We quickly reached Pereyaslavl where the prince01:18:31
Moscow Dmitry invited them to the christening01:18:34
his fourth child son01:18:37
Yuri01:18:38
came from the Trinity Monastery of the most humen01:18:41
Sergei of Radonezh to baptize the prince01:18:45
christenings were just an excuse Dmitry01:18:48
gathered princes to unite01:18:51
strength and agree on further01:18:53
actions01:18:54
silent mycelium of the Pereyaslav tower01:18:57
the journey to Kulikovo Field began first01:19:02
it was necessary to end the long-standing war01:19:04
Moscow01:19:05
having gathered all his Pereyaslav guests01:19:08
Dmitry went on a march to Tver01:19:12
having besieged the city, he forced the Tver prince01:19:15
conclude a peace treaty on their own01:19:17
conditions01:19:19
and if the Tatars pit us against each other and01:19:23
giving you our patrimony is not for you01:19:27
never take01:19:30
so Prince Dmitry deprived the Horde of it01:19:33
favorite weapon pitting princes against each other01:19:35
between themselves01:19:37
and declared the great reign his01:19:39
unconditional hereditary ownership01:19:42
the Horde's opinion on this matter is greater01:19:45
wasn't interested01:19:47
The Moscow principality turned into01:19:50
Moscow State01:19:54
presumably after 1374 the prince01:19:59
Dmitry began minting in Moscow01:20:01
own silver coin for the first time in01:20:04
350 years At first it was an imitation01:20:08
Horde taiga where it came from01:20:10
Russian word for money but appeared later01:20:14
coins of the original Russian mintage with01:20:16
depicting a warrior with a saber, the so-called01:20:20
sabers later on Moscow01:20:23
silver coins will depict01:20:26
horseman with a spear and they will receive the name01:20:28
kopeck01:20:32
Mom decided to send him to Rus'01:20:35
punitive expedition01:20:36
to pacify the zealous Moscow prince01:20:39
allies should have been so that the rest01:20:42
learned the Mongolian lesson well01:20:46
But the Russians themselves came out to meet the Horde01:20:50
Dmitry Moskovsky sent at the turn01:20:52
large army01:20:54
to oppose the Horde meant to violate01:20:57
The great silence established by his labors01:21:00
grandfather Ivan Kalita01:21:03
but former advisers to the old Moscow01:21:05
boyar Dmitry no longer listened01:21:09
now he had other young boyars01:21:12
his peers who were eager to fight01:21:19
a large Russian army camped on01:21:22
the drunken river which is throughout its entire course01:21:25
zigzag as if she were drunk herself01:21:29
All the Dans didn't show up01:21:33
Russian wars exhausted by expectations01:21:35
began to have fun with hunting and feathers01:21:38
craftsmen brewed mash01:21:43
in which Russians blithely feasted01:21:46
army celebrating their victory over01:21:50
Artyn residents01:21:53
the Russians didn’t even have time to understand that01:21:56
happens when they seem to be out of01:21:59
The Tatar cavalry collapsed into hell01:22:03
panic began, people rushed to the river01:22:07
trying to hide from the Tatar arrows and01:22:09
sabers01:22:10
Almost no one escaped01:22:14
two weeks later, shallow from the heat01:22:16
drunk became a river of the dead01:22:20
its bed was clogged with corpses of people and01:22:23
horses01:22:26
the Tatars moved on01:22:28
defeated and burned those left without01:22:30
defense of Nizhny Novgorod took Ryazan01:22:34
and only in late autumn are they burdened01:22:37
the Tatars went to the steppe with huge booty01:22:41
inspired by the success of Mamai on01:22:43
the next year sent another detachment01:22:46
Moscow Horde troops converged on01:22:49
Ryazan land and stood on different01:22:50
banks of the Vozha River01:22:53
born decided to deceive the enemy and01:22:56
attack in the evening when the army was preparing01:22:57
for the night01:22:59
at dusk an avalanche of Tatar cavalry quickly01:23:02
crossing the shallow water01:23:04
attacked the Russian camp and met01:23:08
frantic attack in advance of battle formations01:23:11
the Russians were quickly driven further01:23:18
Victory01:23:20
Prince Dmitry doubted01:23:23
what if the flight of the Tatars is military01:23:25
cunning01:23:28
The morning after the battle he rose from the river01:23:31
thick fog and it was possible to attack01:23:34
secretly at any time01:23:37
Russian regiments stood in positions for some time01:23:40
24 hours Ready for a new battle01:23:45
The great silence shattered into pieces01:23:49
will Prince Dmitry be able to collect01:23:51
enough strength to resist the Horde01:23:54
in all its might01:23:57
for the rest of Rus' his Dmitry01:24:01
the truth was just Moscow01:24:03
truth or rather Moscow benefit01:24:07
How to convey to everyone that this is a Battle for All01:24:11
Rus' and how one can believe that it is01:24:14
true01:24:16
[music]01:24:17
Prince Dmitry rushed there in despair01:24:20
where everyone Whoever he was received01:24:23
help 70 miles from Moscow01:24:26
Trinity Monastery to father01:24:31
The abbot already knew why the prince appeared to him01:24:35
it only took a few words to01:24:37
dispel doubts and instill in the heart01:24:40
Sergei blessed the prince with unbreakable faith01:24:43
his army for the Great Battle01:24:46
Now this war has become Holy01:24:54
Mamai gathered his strength and waited until he came to his senses01:24:57
whether Moscow Dmitry was also preparing01:25:00
16 principalities were supposed to send their01:25:03
squads in early August Russian squads01:25:06
from different cities gathered in Kolomna01:25:09
it was known from intelligence officers that Mamai01:25:12
concluded an agreement with the Lithuanian prince01:25:14
Jogaila and Oleg Ryazansky they should01:25:17
were to join the Horde army01:25:19
on the southern bank of the Oka01:25:22
but Dmitry did not give the ally time to01:25:25
fees, he moved his troops towards01:25:28
Horde to its territory where the Russians have not yet01:25:32
fought on the way joined him01:25:35
detachments from Lithuanian lands for the first time01:25:38
united only cities and princes01:25:40
each regiment went into battle not only for its own01:25:43
land01:25:47
It's been a long time since the Russian army was so01:25:49
numerous but Mamai’s strength is still01:25:52
surpassed the regiments of Prince Dmitry01:25:56
on the night of September 7, the Russian army01:25:59
crossed the bridges built in advance01:26:01
through the house01:26:04
immediately after the crossing by order of the prince01:26:07
Dmitry's bridges were destroyed01:26:10
for those who formed battle formations on01:26:13
Kulikovo field there was no turning back01:26:17
they only had one thing left to win01:26:22
chosen by the prince for the Battle of Kulikovo01:26:25
fields 3 km long and 800-900 wide01:26:29
meters was limited on the flanks by forests01:26:32
and ravines that deprived the enemy01:26:34
the possibility of bypass maneuver and01:26:37
forced a protracted and heavy attack in01:26:40
forehead shelves right and left hands should01:26:43
were to hold the flanks and prevent01:26:45
encirclement in the oak grove near the Don was hidden01:26:48
ambush regiment reserve which will join01:26:51
the battle at a critical moment stood in the center01:26:54
a large regiment and the prince placed in front of it01:26:57
advanced regiment screen of experienced warriors01:27:00
who was supposed to take the first01:27:03
terrible blow of the Mongol cavalry01:27:08
8 September01:27:10
1380 on the banks of the Don and in01:27:14
barely visible in thick fog01:27:17
glimpsed the future of Russia01:27:21
among the warriors were Ivan Godun the progenitor01:27:24
Boris Godunov and Fedor the cat from01:27:27
which the Romanovs will go stood right there01:27:30
Fedor Kutuz, ancestor of the conqueror of Napoleon01:27:33
and Grigory Markhinin, nicknamed Pushka01:27:37
gave rise to Pushkin01:27:40
Prince Dmitry called his favorite01:27:43
Mikhail Brink is of similar height to him01:27:46
ordered the warriors to exchange armor01:27:50
to see that the prince is fighting in their ranks01:27:53
Dmitry was not going to go to01:27:55
He rode to a safe place01:27:58
the front line and the boyars failed to01:28:00
stop01:28:02
the fog cleared towards noon01:28:05
the corpses howled and an avalanche rolled out of the hill01:28:10
Mongol cavalry01:28:32
[music]01:28:34
the advanced regiment was killed almost completely, but01:28:38
the proud cannot knock over the big floor01:28:41
managed Mamai suffered the main blow to the floor01:28:44
left hand and when the Horde cavalry is already01:28:47
was ready to throw the Russians into the01:28:50
God hit her with an ambush regiment in the river01:28:52
turned out to be the Horde themselves, their ranks were mixed01:28:55
And the regiment arrived in time from above01:28:58
right hand01:29:00
[music]01:29:03
[applause]01:29:12
Muscovites Yaroslavich Kolomenets Smolyani01:29:16
Rostovites couldn’t believe their eyes01:29:20
people from the ends of the earth01:29:23
the greatest army that conquered the floor01:29:26
peace01:29:27
they're running they're running01:29:32
Russians drove the Tatars 50 versts01:29:36
Mom himself barely escaped the chase with the remains01:29:39
of his troops01:29:45
Many boyars, voivodes, were found dead in the mountains01:29:49
and Mikhail brenka in chopped gilded01:29:53
armor01:29:55
Prince Dmitry was searched for longer than others01:29:58
he lay in the forest, shell-shocked but alive01:30:04
Having regained consciousness after learning about the victory, he found01:30:07
strength to sit in the saddle01:30:09
[music]01:30:11
from now on and forever Prince Dmitry will be01:30:15
be called Don01:30:18
winner of the battle near the Don River01:30:27
Khantakhtamysh sat on the throne of the Golden Horde and01:30:31
sent ambassadors to Grand Duke Dmitry01:30:34
announce your accession01:30:37
Moscow ambassadors were received with honors01:30:40
provided with rich gifts but behind a label01:30:43
The prince did not appear and renew payment01:30:46
Dani didn't intend to01:30:48
so it took the mouse two years to01:30:51
prepare a big campaign against Moscow He01:30:54
made sure that people in Moscow knew01:30:57
about his campaign As late as possible and blocked01:31:00
main channel of information01:31:08
struck Moscow at the beginning of summer01:31:11
panic taktamysh crossed the sharks prince01:31:15
Dmitry sent messengers to everyone01:31:16
allies and went to Kostroma himself01:31:18
to gather strength, he calculated all possible01:31:22
options for the development of events but Tokhtamysh01:31:25
I chose an option that I couldn’t calculate01:31:28
nobody01:31:30
he began negotiations and swore an oath to the Muscovites01:31:34
that he only wants to explore the city and01:31:36
accept the Gifts01:31:38
two Russian princes' henchmen01:31:41
Tokhtamysh confirmed his words01:31:44
Moscow opened the gates01:31:47
the Tatars burst into the city and began01:31:51
terrible massacre01:31:55
nowhere to look for salvation, nowhere from death01:31:59
you can't run to hide from a sharp ball01:32:03
And so many people deserved the cry01:32:07
screamed that they could no longer each other01:32:09
hear01:32:10
And the enemies shot at people, tearing off their clothes01:32:13
killed naked01:32:20
overcoming acute chest pain prince01:32:23
Dmitry entered his city01:32:26
There was no Moscow01:32:29
smoked walls ashes city of tropes01:32:33
[music]01:32:35
thousands of books burned in ruined frames01:32:38
which were carried there from all over the city and01:32:40
surroundings for saving and set01:32:43
feet up to the arches01:32:48
here it is, the Echo of his Great Victory01:32:54
what an abyss he drove Moscow into01:32:57
And how can he now beg for the forgiveness of those01:33:01
who died exactly a year ago on Kulikovo01:33:03
field01:33:05
who is now burned in a devastated city01:33:12
the prince paid for the funeral from personal funds01:33:15
all the dead01:33:17
the name turned out to be half Moscow01:33:19
population01:33:21
in all surviving churches ordered for01:33:24
funeral services01:33:27
everything had to start over01:33:29
[music]01:33:31
and first of all go for a shortcut to01:33:36
bow to the hated khan01:33:42
It was obvious that Dmitry was alive01:33:44
the treacherous Tokhtamysh will not return01:33:48
headed the embassy to the Horde01:33:50
his son Vasily01:33:54
Tokhtamysh gave the label to Moscow and Knyazhichi01:33:58
Vasily left Varda hostage01:34:01
Dmitry had to come to terms with Moscow must01:34:04
the Horde had an annual output of 4 thousand coins01:34:07
plus 8000 arrears for two years, prince01:34:12
Dmitry took advantage of the fact that the day before01:34:14
Novgorod Pirates robbed schoolchildren01:34:17
Volga region cities and requested with01:34:20
Novgorod residents compensation in the amount of 801:34:22
thousand silver coins Novgorodians01:34:25
pay ended up in their land a month later01:34:28
a huge army of Prince Dmitry entered01:34:31
Donskoy collected from 29 cities at the end01:34:34
in the end Novgorod paid everything01:34:37
Prince Dmitry Ivanovich was also required01:34:39
was able to pay off his debt to the horde01:34:43
spring01:34:44
1389 for the first time in a long time01:34:48
filled with joyful expectations from01:34:51
Horde captivity returned to Moscow01:34:53
17-year-old Prince Vasily and princess01:34:57
Evdokia was pregnant01:35:00
in the Kremlin chambers they began to prepare for01:35:03
long-awaited christening01:35:05
but suddenly the prince fell ill and was tormented01:35:09
terrible pain in the chest and no01:35:12
efforts could no longer subdue them01:35:15
he wrote a will for the children and the princess01:35:17
in advance01:35:19
cared for his wife as before01:35:22
None of the Russian princes did01:35:27
Prince Dmitry Ivanovich managed to see01:35:30
newborn son Konstantin01:35:32
but the elder Vasily, who was already at01:35:35
I still couldn’t wait to get to Moscow01:35:39
May 1901:35:41
1389 Dmitry Donskoy died of acute01:35:46
heart failure01:35:48
he was 38 years old01:35:53
the chronicler carefully preserved the words of the young01:35:55
widows turning to their beloved01:35:59
if God hears your prayer Pray01:36:03
about me to your princess01:36:06
I lived with you, I want to die with you01:36:11
and Youth has not yet left us and old age01:36:14
didn't catch up01:36:16
who am I now01:36:21
Princess Evdokia as a monk Euphrosyne01:36:25
the rest of his life will be 18 years01:36:29
in memory of her husband she will be strictly shining01:36:32
execution of the will of Dmitry Ivanovich01:36:34
will become a kind and wise arbiter in disputes01:36:37
between his heirs will build new ones01:36:40
monasteries and churches01:36:42
through her efforts, September 8 is Kulikovskaya Day01:36:46
Victory will be a special holiday from the beginning01:36:49
in Moscow and then throughout Rus'01:36:52
[music]01:36:54
Prince Dmitry Donskoy, already famous01:36:57
in our time in the Face of Saints forever01:37:00
remained in people's memory as a great01:37:02
hero01:37:03
equal to the ancient heroes01:37:09
with a powerful blow he split the Horde's shield01:37:12
crushing Rus' with difficult times01:37:14
addictions of fear and fears01:37:17
Moskovsky Yaroslavsky01:37:19
Rostov Polotsk Smolensk wars01:37:22
who went to their death for a common cause01:37:25
The Kulikovo fields returned to the Russian wars01:37:29
[music]01:37:31
there was no fear01:37:34
there was Victory01:37:39
[music]01:37:50
[music]01:38:28
[music]01:38:57
look at this grandiose construction site01:38:59
All Moscow gathered01:39:03
smoothly hewn stone blocks left01:39:05
to the very heavens01:39:07
[music]01:39:08
the house was captivated by the grandeur of what01:39:11
happened right before our eyes01:39:19
but the miracle didn't happen01:39:21
on a summer night the cathedral is almost completed01:39:24
suddenly collapsed01:39:36
was the first at the scene of the disaster01:39:39
Grand Duke01:39:42
he dreamed of a sting in front of him in ruins like01:39:45
Kostin ruined cemetery01:39:53
he had to start all over again01:39:57
rebuild the cathedral and the Kremlin01:40:00
and country01:40:06
[music]01:40:11
[music]01:40:42
year 144001:40:45
It's been grueling for 15 years now01:40:48
dynastic war01:40:51
Prince Vasily II grandson of Dmitry Donskoy01:40:53
fights for power01:40:56
and meanwhile the huge Great Permian01:40:59
The principality is already about to become separate01:41:01
power Volga principalities exhausted01:41:04
Tatar raids are leaning towards01:41:06
Hordes And Novgorod looks to the side01:41:09
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania is no longer01:41:13
The Moscow throne of a man who01:41:14
would be able to keep the country from collapse01:41:20
that year in the winter in a small monastery near01:41:23
Novgorod01:41:24
Blessed Monk Michael for Christ's sake01:41:27
[ __ ] clarified the vague prophecy01:41:32
Messi of the Grand Duke on Moscow joy01:41:35
for my own sake, to the Grand Duke's son01:41:39
and he will be an heir to his father and destroy01:41:42
he is the customs of our land of Novgorod and01:41:45
many lands will be afraid01:41:48
January 22 at Grand Duke Vasily01:41:51
a son was born whose name would be John01:41:55
contemporaries will call him Terrible01:41:57
But over time this nickname will pass on him01:42:00
grandson And he himself will go down in history with the name01:42:11
but he was only five years old when his father01:42:14
having suffered another defeat, he ended up in01:42:16
Tatar captivity01:42:18
soon returned promising the khan a huge01:42:21
ransom for Moscow opposed the prince01:42:24
disgraced himself as a prisoner01:42:27
Vasily was dethroned and blinded01:42:30
and thrown into prison in distant Uglich01:42:32
Now he was called Vasily the Dark01:42:37
shared the hardships and imprisonment with the prince01:42:39
his family01:42:41
six-year-old Ivan saw how blind and01:42:43
the helpless father managed to get out01:42:45
the abyss of despair how he gathered allies01:42:48
And despite everything, he regained Moscow01:42:51
Dark Vasily needed the throne01:42:54
assistant and eight-year-old Prince Wang was01:42:57
declared co-ruler of father and great01:43:00
prince01:43:03
He didn't have a childhood. He had to01:43:07
always be close to your father to be his01:43:09
right hand assistant and guide at 1201:43:14
years old, he first led an army and01:43:16
returned victorious from a long campaign to01:43:18
22 years after the death of his father became01:43:21
sovereign ruler01:43:23
He entered the throne calmly, casually01:43:27
concluded a Union Treaty with Tver01:43:29
bought the principality from an impoverished01:43:31
Yaroslavl prince's rights to his lands on01:43:34
the Ryazan throne planted its own01:43:36
relative and concluded the Crimean Union01:43:38
khan01:43:40
at the age of 27, Ivan realized that the title of great01:43:43
the Prince of Moscow is a bit cramped for him01:43:46
The Bride from01:43:49
European royal house01:43:51
by this time Prince Ivan was already two years old01:43:54
widowed by his wife the young Princess Maria01:43:57
Borisovna died immediately after the funeral01:44:00
people of the great were sent throughout Europe01:44:03
prince who were supposed to find him01:44:06
noble bride01:44:09
and now it has arrived in Moscow from the Pope01:44:12
embassy with a certificate in which01:44:14
reported01:44:15
there is in Rome in Thomas the Old Syllabus from01:44:19
kingdom of constantinograd daughter named01:44:23
Sophia If you want to marry her then01:44:26
we will send it to your state01:44:31
Twenty-year-old Sofia Fominishna01:44:34
belonged to the Byzantine dynasty01:44:36
paleologists and my granddaughter had to01:44:39
the emperor and the niece of another but01:44:42
The greatness and power of Byzantium were already in01:44:44
past the Empire fell, its emperor died01:44:48
when the Turks took Constantinople and01:44:50
Sofia and her family had to flee to01:44:53
Rome where noble refugees were accepted at01:44:55
courtyard of Pope Paul II01:44:58
the papal throne took them under its guardianship01:45:00
Sofia with two younger brothers01:45:03
was forced to convert to Catholicism01:45:08
Ivan the third guessed why in his01:45:11
such active participation in family affairs01:45:13
accepted by the Pope01:45:15
Princess Sofia was supposed to be01:45:18
conductor of Catholic influence on01:45:20
Rus'01:45:21
the Greeks led their party hoping that01:45:24
Moscow prince becoming heir01:45:26
the Byzantine throne will begin with the Turks01:45:29
war and return the throne to them and Prince Ivan01:45:33
gro built according to his own rules01:45:35
calculated everything down to the smallest detail and was able to01:45:39
expect01:45:42
he sent his ambassador to Rome to01:45:46
looked at the bride, they even ordered01:45:49
portrait of Sophia to one of those artists01:45:51
who will be in a few years01:45:53
painting the Sistine Chapel portrait01:45:56
brought to Moscow01:45:58
but there was no answer01:46:01
Ivan took a long pause01:46:03
only three years later He finally gave his01:46:07
consent to marriage01:46:11
To be on the safe side, the Pope decided01:46:14
conduct a princess betrothal in absentia01:46:16
Sofia according to the Catholic rite01:46:19
it was a magnificent and absurd ceremony01:46:23
due to the absence of the groom, his role01:46:25
performed by the head of the Moscow embassy01:46:27
Ivan Fryazin the moment has come to exchange01:46:30
rings and then it turned out that they were wedding rings01:46:33
The envoy does not have rings. However01:46:36
this misunderstanding was hushed up and the engagement01:46:39
successfully brought to completion01:46:47
immense01:46:49
strange northern country01:46:51
icy Hyperborea01:46:54
Sophia was shocked by the monstrous01:46:57
the size and sparseness of the estates01:46:59
her future husband01:47:01
rare cities were entirely wooden01:47:04
residents in huge fur coats Gloomy01:47:06
looked at the elegant Motley convoy01:47:08
the reasons for the irritation of the Russians were papal01:47:11
Legate Antonia Bonumbre in his01:47:14
flaming among the snows of vestments with01:47:16
with an extended Latin cross01:47:18
straight all the way01:47:22
15 before Moscow the Envoy met01:47:26
Grand Duke Boyarin Fyodor Khromoy01:47:29
asked clearly01:47:33
and two months later legato politely01:47:36
will be expelled from the country01:47:37
this is how dad's plan will end01:47:41
Catholic expansion01:47:46
Moscow seemed huge to Sophia01:47:48
village above the sea of wooden houses01:47:51
towered the time-eaten fortress01:47:54
having breached the walls, they are patched with logs and on top01:47:58
sprinkling with prickly crumbs low01:48:01
leaden sky01:48:03
after the marble palaces of bright colors01:48:06
Italy here Probably only remains01:48:09
die of boredom01:48:11
on the Main Square of the capital instead01:48:14
cathedral and met01:48:16
small wooden chapel nearby01:48:19
there was an unfinished stone box01:48:21
sprinkled with snow01:48:24
Sofia has not yet had time to come to her senses01:48:27
taken to the temple01:48:28
the Greek princess had to return to01:48:31
the bosom of Orthodoxy and immediately marry01:48:34
Grand Duke01:48:35
[music]01:48:37
in the cramped stuffy chapel she suddenly01:48:40
embraced the peace long forgotten01:48:43
among the cold marble of Roman basilicas01:48:46
Here, as in childhood, it smelled of incense and01:48:50
the faces of the saints glimmered like wax in the semi-darkness and01:48:53
the priests in the Golden Cuts seemed to have descended01:48:56
from the pages of Greek books01:48:58
it's like she's back home01:49:03
the Grand Duke standing next to the lectern01:49:06
John huge shaggy loud01:49:09
literally filled everything01:49:11
space without letting you breathe01:49:14
incomprehensible Russian language in his mouth01:49:16
sounded like a bear growl01:49:19
the bride was of course noble, but nothing01:49:23
I had more strangulation but he didn’t have any more01:49:27
he needs everything else he has what01:49:31
no it will be soon01:49:36
[music]01:49:42
in the middle of the night the fire roared on Bath Ivan01:49:46
rushed01:49:56
how is this possible? Why would the sovereign himself01:50:00
climb into the fire01:50:16
Freezing in horror, Sofia saw him01:50:19
rushed straight into the thick of the fire with a hook01:50:21
pulled away burning logs01:50:24
The Grand Duke fought fiercely for his01:50:27
the city for its houses for its people01:50:33
he was the boss here01:50:36
master of his country01:50:49
Previously, Sofia could not stand this strange01:50:52
habits of a Russian prince during a conversation01:50:55
get too close01:50:57
but now something itself pushed her towards him01:51:01
dirty, burned and deadly01:51:04
tired01:51:06
Sofia realized that he would achieve any of his01:51:10
goals01:51:12
he can do anything01:51:14
and he01:51:16
her husband01:51:20
The Kremlin was successfully defended and is under construction01:51:23
The Assumption Cathedral was not damaged in the fire01:51:26
it was a huge construction project that was going on01:51:29
for several years now instead of the old temple01:51:31
small and dilapidated which is 150 years old01:51:34
built back by Ivan Kalita it was intended01:51:37
build a huge cathedral based on the model01:51:40
Vladimirsky but almost twice as much01:51:45
such large buildings in Rus' for a very long time01:51:48
didn't build01:51:49
The Metropolitan gave his experienced craftsmen01:51:52
Architects who built many stone01:51:54
churches and assured the prince that they01:51:56
will cope01:51:57
but when the masters were already laying out the vaults01:52:00
the cathedral suddenly collapsed01:52:02
[music]01:52:06
it happened at night and I was at a construction site01:52:08
only a curious boy, the son of a prince01:52:11
Fedora the Motley01:52:13
he managed to run across the falling Northern01:52:16
the surviving South wall01:52:18
and miraculously01:52:22
[applause]01:52:27
masons called from Pskov inspected01:52:30
Ruins and concluded that construction01:52:32
the solution does not hold such volumes However01:52:35
the relics did not undertake to build the cathedral themselves01:52:38
the scope of the white stone churches of Vladimir01:52:40
are a thing of the past on the other side01:52:42
Mongol Invasion01:52:44
but far away in Italy the architects01:52:47
with fabulous ease they lifted up K01:52:49
heavy vaults of palaces and temples to the heavens01:52:52
why don't they do it in Moscow too?01:52:56
the metropolitan was against it as much as possible01:52:59
main cathedral of the Orthodox state01:53:01
built in Latin01:53:03
heretics this time Prince Ivan Vladyka01:53:06
I didn’t listen and went to Italy01:53:09
Ambassador Semyon Tolbuzin with orders to hire01:53:12
the best architect01:53:16
None of the Italian Architects01:53:18
agreed to go to the ends of the world, into the wild and01:53:22
incomprehensible Muscovy01:53:24
And yet, after much searching and persuasion01:53:27
Tolbuzin found a true treasure01:53:31
His cunning for the sake of Aristotle is called01:53:34
Tolbuzin wrote to the prince and the body will persuade01:53:38
Church of St. Mark's in Venice01:53:41
wonderful good and a police gate01:53:44
Delany tells them they are very cunning and01:53:48
good01:53:50
the famous architect doubted for a long time01:53:54
and demanded a fabulous sum for his services01:53:57
the amount of 10 rubles per month01:54:01
was happy01:54:03
Aristotle took his son with him01:54:06
Andrei Yes, the boy's name is Parsley, gone01:54:10
to Rus'01:54:17
54 year old Aristotle fiara in Anti as01:54:19
a true man of the Renaissance, he could do it all01:54:23
was a jeweler, a foundry worker, an engineer,01:54:26
rearrange towers straighten bell towers01:54:29
However, not a single building01:54:31
designed by Fiarovanti in Italy01:54:33
no Venice, he just straightened it01:54:36
rickety church bell tower01:54:38
San Angelo which four days later01:54:40
collapsed and Aristotle had to quickly01:54:43
leave the city later than the times01:54:46
arrested on coining charges01:54:47
he managed to justify himself with a counterfeit coin01:54:50
But from the position of Bolognese architect01:54:52
he was released01:54:54
And at that moment it was as if the sky fell on him01:54:57
got an offer from Moscow01:55:00
prince01:55:05
on the way to Moscow, Aristotle more than once01:55:09
I regretted taking this adventure01:55:13
suddenly on the way to the Russian capital01:55:16
The spring air exploded with triumph01:55:19
the ringing of all the bells01:55:28
shocked by such a solemn01:55:31
greeting01:55:34
it was actually Easter01:55:36
Blagovest Moscow Auto morning celebrated01:55:39
Holy Sunday01:55:44
visiting the ruins in the Kremlin01:55:47
went to study the prototype of the future01:55:49
Vladimir Assumption Cathedral01:55:52
the Italian ran his hand along the smooth wall01:55:55
confidently stated that ours had already been built01:55:58
I realized what he needed to do here01:56:00
Impossible and went all-in against my will01:56:05
customer Restore and complete the cathedral01:56:07
Aristotle demolished the remains of the former walls01:56:10
which had been erected before him for three years and01:56:13
started from scratch to create a masterpiece with all his01:56:16
life01:56:17
he got everything he needed01:56:21
means any materials many01:56:23
workers, but as luck would have it, they walked all summer01:56:27
heavy rains01:56:29
Aristotle was left alone with his01:56:31
a masterpiece limp under the Russian rain01:56:35
a When autumn came, construction began01:56:37
was frozen01:56:39
Italian engineer found a new one01:56:42
Job01:56:43
Grand Duke Ivan began a great01:56:46
Novgorod game01:56:50
for a very long time, first Vladimir and01:56:54
then the Moscow princes tried01:56:56
conquer the rich Novgorod Republic01:56:58
but unsuccessfully01:57:01
Independent Novgorod was the last01:57:03
obstacle to unification01:57:05
lands and the creation of a united Russian01:57:08
state In addition, he had a huge01:57:11
economic potential which was01:57:14
so necessary in Moscow in its fight against01:57:16
by the Horde, Mr. Veliky Novgorod was able01:57:19
avoid the Mongol devastation01:57:22
vast domain stretched from01:57:24
Baltic Sea to the Urals and from the White Sea01:57:26
sea to the Volga01:57:27
international trade forestry01:57:30
brought huge profits to Novgorod01:57:33
was ruled by a corporation of aristocrats and01:57:35
richest merchants it was a prosperous01:57:38
Boyar Republic01:57:40
a tasty morsel for two giant neighbors01:57:43
two great principalities of Moscow and01:57:47
Lithuanian01:57:48
for centuries, Novgorod workshops maneuvered01:57:50
unequivocally making it clear to Moscow that in01:57:54
any moment can go under01:57:55
patronage of Lithuania01:57:59
This is exactly what Ivan III decided to use01:58:01
in their own interests01:58:03
negotiations between the Novgorod nobility and01:58:06
Lithuanian prince was Catholic01:58:08
declared a betrayal of Orthodoxy and now01:58:11
Moscow Prince as a defender of truth01:58:14
Vera was simply obliged to release01:58:16
Novgorod from the clutches of heretics01:58:19
in strict accordance with this idea was01:58:22
Novgorod operation played out01:58:26
The Grand Duke camped in three01:58:29
miles from the city01:58:31
Muscovites under the leadership of Aristotle01:58:33
Feoravanti began to direct Pontoon01:58:35
bridge over Volkhov01:58:37
Novgorod was besieged and found itself under01:58:40
sight of Moscow guns in advance01:58:43
cast in the same fiaring01:58:46
cunning Italian secured Moscow01:58:48
strategic weapons01:58:51
Novgorod had nothing to oppose01:58:58
after two weeks of siege, Novgorod surrendered01:59:03
he recognized the Grand Duke as his01:59:05
to the sovereigns What did complete liquidation mean?01:59:08
Republic of it01:59:10
administrative-political system01:59:13
dozens of Novgorod boyars owners01:59:16
huge votn ended up in prison01:59:19
accused of having ties with Lithuania01:59:21
confirmed their betrayal of Rus' and01:59:23
Orthodoxy and were executed01:59:26
thousands of townspeople families Prince Ivan01:59:29
resettled to the Moscow Lands and01:59:32
The Novgorod lands were ceded to the sovereign in01:59:34
specified01:59:35
Ivan the third divided them into an estate and01:59:38
distributed with his faithful word01:59:42
estate a piece of government land which01:59:46
was given to sovereigns as personal possession for01:59:49
conditions of military service, estate size01:59:52
was determined in such a way that the income01:59:54
from it the owner could feed himself and01:59:57
be fully equipped for a trip to01:59:59
difference from the owners of estates02:00:01
landowners' inherited plots of land02:00:04
completely dependent on the will of the sovereign02:00:06
the local system will become powerful02:00:09
tool for strengthening the vertical power02:00:11
and will determine the economic and02:00:14
political development of Russia02:00:19
The Grand Duke returned to Moscow02:00:21
winner02:00:23
pyromancy arrived much earlier02:00:25
prepare the next Triumph of the Grand Duke02:00:29
12th of August02:00:32
1479 All Moscow rushed to02:00:35
Kremlin Where will the new one be illuminated?02:00:37
Assumption Cathedral02:00:39
no one has seen him yet02:00:42
huge construction forests have settled over02:00:45
boards fell with a roar throughout the city02:00:47
floorings and two villages of dust the crowd gasped02:00:53
no one has ever seen anything like this before02:00:58
maybe the chronicler wrote down that church02:01:01
wonderful with its majesty and height02:01:04
lightness and sonority and space02:01:07
this has never happened before in Rus'02:01:12
Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin02:01:15
built using mixed techniques, walls made of02:01:19
hewn blocks of white stone vaults and02:01:21
head drums made of especially durable brick02:01:23
which greatly lightened the load02:01:26
upper parts of the building on walls and supports02:01:29
the building itself was erected all in a circle yes02:01:33
straightened it, that is, with the help of a compass and02:01:36
rulers based on precise calculations02:01:38
the use of new technical means and02:01:41
engineering solutions allowed to increase02:01:43
internal volume of the temple thin round02:01:46
the pillars did not clutter or separate02:01:49
space creating an impression02:01:51
huge palace hall02:01:54
Aristotle02:01:56
who took credit for the construction02:01:59
Venice, although dreams in Italy by an engineer and02:02:02
a jeweler by anyone but02:02:04
this same architect02:02:06
in the distant Northern country created02:02:10
a real masterpiece02:02:13
for Ivan the Third, the Assumption Cathedral became02:02:15
embodying the idea as a kind of manifesto02:02:18
future state unity02:02:21
[music]02:02:23
The Grand Duke walked with leaps and bounds towards02:02:26
implementation of your grandiose plans02:02:33
in the middle of summer the bad guys came to Moscow02:02:36
lead Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat with02:02:39
countless troops set out on a campaign against02:02:41
Rus' to recover from the Moscow prince02:02:43
arrears for 8 years02:02:46
Ahmad walked slowly, he waited for him02:02:50
his ally Casimir will move to the rescue02:02:52
Grand Duke of Lithuania King of Poland02:02:55
in September it became known that the Horde had crossed02:02:58
south of Kaluga on Lithuanian territory02:03:02
The prince's eldest son, 22-year-old Ivan the Young02:03:06
hastily went to the Russian-Lithuanian02:03:08
border and got there before the Tatars02:03:11
Moscow guns took aim at everything02:03:14
Fords of the border river Ugra and Ivan III02:03:17
leaving the troops returned to Moscow Rus'02:03:21
was surrounded by enemies and got out of this02:03:24
there was no loop02:03:29
for the first time in his life the Grand Duke did not know02:03:31
What should the boyars do? The advisers told him to run.02:03:35
Sovereign and your Father ran and your grandfather and even02:03:38
great-grandfather Dmitry Donskoy himself, Tsar02:03:41
he must perish, he is a torch, he is a support02:03:44
everything is held together by him02:03:46
but barely approaching Moscow, the sovereign02:03:49
luminary support fell into a tight grip02:03:52
angry crowd if the Tatars break through02:03:55
the screened Gray of Moscow will take away the end02:03:58
instead of standing to death he threw02:04:00
troops and fled people shouted out Ivan in02:04:04
face reproaches insults02:04:06
he had nothing to answer them02:04:09
with great difficulty he made his way into the Kremlin there02:04:13
they were waiting for him too02:04:15
Rostov Vladykovo session with labor02:04:17
it was not the Grand Duke's child who restrained himself02:04:21
runner all the blood will fall on you02:04:24
Christian that you handed them over to the Tatars yourself02:04:27
you run away02:04:29
you're afraid of death then give it to me old man02:04:33
warriors I will go to02:04:37
and the mother was silent and her heavy gaze burned her02:04:41
prince with molten lead02:04:43
Ivan had nothing to say; he needed02:04:47
think everything over, calculate and weigh it, but02:04:51
I just didn't have time for that02:04:58
but the group galloped a messenger with an order02:05:00
Grand Duke's son urgently return to02:05:03
Moscow but Ivan is young categorically02:05:06
refused to leave his army02:05:09
youthful heroism did not fit into02:05:12
scheme of the Grand Duke I had to02:05:13
re-calculate everything and act02:05:15
otherwise02:05:17
and this is where the old preparation came in handy02:05:21
Crimean Khan with whom Ivan III a lot02:05:24
years ago I signed an agreement and agreed02:05:26
send your generals on a campaign02:05:29
lands of King Casimir and thus brought him out02:05:32
from the game02:05:34
now the war between Moscow and the Horde was one on one02:05:36
one fire from the cannons was promised and delivered02:05:40
heavy damage to the Horde when they tried02:05:42
cross the river separating the troops02:05:45
Akhmat took a break and then made his move02:05:54
[music]02:05:56
Akhmad arrogantly demanded that Ivan himself02:05:59
I went to bow to him as we did before02:06:02
Russian princes02:06:04
in response, the Moscow ambassadors wove02:06:06
florid evasive speeches and soon Khan02:06:10
began to guess that the Grand Duke02:06:12
just stalling for time02:06:14
winter is close conveyed by Akhmat through the ambassador02:06:18
rivers will become many roads to Rus'02:06:23
and meanwhile Moscow intelligence reported02:06:26
the Tatars are exhausted and completely unprepared for02:06:29
winter02:06:31
while Akhmat was sitting on the Ugra, the Russian detachment02:06:34
by order of Ivan III managed to get through02:06:37
boats down the Volga and good to rob02:06:40
defenseless barn the capital of the great Horde02:06:43
The first frosts hit on October 2602:06:47
the threat of freezing has disappeared for the last time02:06:50
obstacle in the way of the Horde02:06:53
November 9 Khan Akhmat raised the Horde02:06:58
instead of crossing02:07:00
the game turned around and went back to the steppe02:07:04
[music]02:07:07
no one could understand why02:07:09
Did the barn raid play a role?02:07:12
Ahmad realized that he had been flayed02:07:14
frostbitten wars are about to rebel02:07:17
Ivan expected a catch for another month and a half02:07:20
deception traps02:07:22
but the Horde never returned02:07:26
never02:07:28
ended with standing on the Ugra River02:07:31
the Mongol-Tatar yoke lasted more than02:07:34
240 years the great Volga Horde stopped02:07:38
its existence in 1502 Kazan02:07:42
Astrakhan Khanate will be annexed02:07:45
to Russia under Ivan the Terrible Siberian under02:07:48
his son Phaedra Ioannovich the longest02:07:51
the Crimean Khanate would exist from 147502:07:55
year was in vassal02:07:57
depending on the Turkish Sultan02:08:00
for three centuries Crimean Tatars02:08:02
will rule in the wild field to the south02:08:05
Kursk to raid and take tribute from02:08:08
Russian tsars, Crimea will become part of02:08:10
Russian Empire only in 178302:08:14
under Catherine II02:08:17
the dreams of many generations of Rus' have come true02:08:21
got freedom02:08:23
The Horde yoke fell into ashes and in full02:08:26
power unfolded strength and glory02:08:28
independent Russian state02:08:33
5 years after the game Grand Duke02:08:36
began a grandiose02:08:39
construction site02:08:40
the entire Kremlin had to be rebuilt02:08:42
towers walls temples and palaces and do it02:08:47
according to Ivan III they could only02:08:49
Italians are the best architects in Europe02:08:55
drew up a master plan02:08:57
fortifications of the Kremlin but02:09:00
the architect was already old and exhausted02:09:03
The Moscow service now needed02:09:06
new masters02:09:07
architect Antonia Gilardi in Moscow style02:09:10
The Grand Duke still remembered Anton Fryazin02:09:13
as a boy 16 years ago he came to02:09:17
composition of the Roman embassy Yes, and02:09:19
settled down from Milan for a lot of money02:09:21
Ward affairs master Mark Rufu was discharged02:09:24
the famous one also promised to come02:09:26
architect02:09:34
and the Grand Duke set the task as follows02:09:37
so that its fortress does not allow any army02:09:40
take it and take your eyes off her02:09:42
it is impossible and for everyone who sees her02:09:46
I would feel in my gut how powerful and indestructible02:09:49
sacred power under his Great02:09:52
sovereign02:09:54
[music]02:09:57
The Kremlin fortress was built according to02:10:00
the last word of European02:10:01
fortifications in anticipation of confrontation02:10:04
heavy siege artillery General02:10:08
length of walls02:10:09
2235 meters thickness up to 4.5 meters height02:10:14
in different areas from 5 to 19 meters02:10:18
walls are equipped with hospitals and02:10:21
intra-wall transitions 20 powerful02:10:23
towers are equipped with protective equipment02:10:26
diversion archers, secret wells02:10:29
acoustic cameras for detection02:10:31
undermining Kremlin area 28 hectares for02:10:36
everything could find protection within its walls02:10:38
city population02:10:40
The Kremlin fortress for a long time02:10:42
was one of the most powerful in Europe02:10:44
and was never taken by storm becoming 1502:10:49
century political and sacred center02:10:51
country its symbol is the Moscow Kremlin02:10:54
remains so to this day02:10:58
for 10 years the Kremlin became huge02:11:01
construction site02:11:02
old buildings were dismantled and02:11:05
new ones were erected right there and this02:11:08
was his joy his passion to watch02:11:11
as if from a chaos of stone dust fragments02:11:13
creaking and roaring a dream is born for the time being02:11:17
hidden by plank scaffolding02:11:21
isn't that how he built his country02:11:24
flow calculations carefully and all this02:11:28
almost invisible to outsiders02:11:33
in the sixth year of the Great Construction02:11:35
Pietrontonia solari proudly showed02:11:38
to the prince the main front part of the princely02:11:41
palace02:11:42
snow-white granite chamber inside02:11:46
vaulted hall of Russian towers outside02:11:49
faceted stones like Italian Palazzos02:11:52
just like it came from under construction02:11:55
forests unexpectedly for the whole of Europe instead02:11:58
deaf northern country semi wild02:12:00
the half-destitute dependent Tatar suddenly appeared02:12:04
the power with which we now had to02:12:07
considered even the Holy Roman Empire02:12:09
not Muscovy Rus' and not Muscovy as it is called02:12:12
disparagingly called jealous02:12:14
Lithuanians but Russia02:12:18
in diplomatic correspondence with neighbors02:12:21
Ivan III was called the autocrat so on02:12:25
Russian translation of the word avtokrator02:12:27
title of Byzantine emperors to succeed02:12:31
patriarchal life of Moscow princes02:12:33
came an elaborate ceremony designed02:12:36
according to the Byzantine model with the help02:12:39
Greeks from the entourage of Princess Sophia02:12:44
Ambassador of the Emperors Frederick III02:12:46
Habsburg solemnly handed over to the Russian02:12:49
the prince's offer to accept the royal02:12:51
title but Ivan Vasilievich refused02:12:54
with such a high honor he was now called02:12:57
Just02:12:59
and he02:13:01
Sovereign of All Rus' and Grand Duke02:13:04
Vladimirsky and Moscow and Novgorodsky02:13:07
and Pskov and Tver and Perm and02:13:10
Ugra and Bulgarian and other lands02:13:16
on its territory Russia has almost no02:13:19
ceded to the Holy Roman Empire02:13:21
because the sign is equal to the emperor02:13:23
West, the Russian sovereign ordered to place02:13:26
on its double-headed eagle seal it was02:13:29
family emblem of the Byzantine dynasty02:13:31
paleologists who are his wife Sophia02:13:34
belonged by birthright and he himself02:13:37
Ivan by right02:13:40
this is how the official symbol of the Russian appeared02:13:43
kingdom which will become state02:13:45
the coat of arms of the Russian Empire will be abolished02:13:48
after the revolution and will be reborn again02:13:50
modern Russia02:13:51
[music]02:13:56
the Russian state needed02:13:58
A unified control system is the basis of the army02:14:02
now constituted the sovereign's servants02:14:04
People02:14:05
voivodes were appointed by the Grand Duke02:14:08
current affairs army treasury palace02:14:11
embassies were handled by officials clerks and02:14:15
clerk important state affairs02:14:17
Ivan the third decided together with Boyarskaya02:14:19
he appointed trusted boyars to the Duma02:14:23
New Lands governors who were02:14:25
administrators, voivodes and judges in02:14:28
one person02:14:30
to eliminate contradictions in local02:14:33
legal norms Ivan the third ordered02:14:35
collect all existing laws and02:14:38
establish and develop a unified02:14:41
whole country code02:14:45
in September02:14:46
1497 after several discussions02:14:50
approvals of the Boyar Duma and personal02:14:53
Ivan III's amendments to the new code of laws02:14:55
the so-called code of law was approved02:14:58
sovereign and accepted for mandatory02:15:00
use throughout the country02:15:02
[music]02:15:07
the code of justice regulated the system02:15:09
lynching was prohibited02:15:13
the plaintiff and defendant defended their interests02:15:16
with the involvement of witnesses and bringing02:15:18
oath of the godmother kissing02:15:21
the judge acted as an arbitrator and ruled02:15:24
solution in difficult cases was allowed02:15:27
fight between plaintiff and defendant in02:15:30
presence of officials from02:15:32
using any weapon other than a bow and02:15:34
the squeak sentence was determined by the outcome02:15:37
women, old people, disabled people could fight02:15:40
hire a professional fighter then and02:15:43
the other party resorted to the services02:15:45
professional in case of serious02:15:48
crime armed robbery murder02:15:51
as well as high treason02:15:53
torture was allowed during interrogations02:15:57
The code of law of Ivan III stated bribes from the court02:16:01
don’t take it to anyone And who comes to the boyar with02:16:05
do not send complaints to him, but02:16:08
give everyone control in everything to whom it belongs02:16:12
the main principles of the court were proclaimed02:16:15
its integrity and accessibility to everyone02:16:18
categories of the population including02:16:20
The Grand Duke himself remained dependent02:16:23
above the laws and all subjects including02:16:27
the most noble boyars were obliged02:16:29
obey him unquestioningly Ivan III02:16:33
took from imperial Byzantium understanding02:16:35
Supreme power02:16:37
unconditional autocratic02:16:40
limited by nothing02:17:05
but there was time for the sovereign himself to go on campaigns02:17:09
walked around, extinguished fires, kneaded02:17:12
burning heads myself listened to complaints02:17:15
Novgorodians are crazy02:17:18
Aristotle then could not understand why02:17:22
then I realized and was proud for some02:17:25
Venetian was even unthinkable02:17:28
so climb up the scaffolding and sit02:17:30
easily with the architect dangling his legs and02:17:33
have a heart-to-heart talk02:17:36
Now the prince can’t get into these anywhere02:17:40
he felt sorry for his steps, the silver rattles02:17:43
dishes and servants are pressed into the walls02:17:47
and now He has no one to talk to all his02:17:50
afraid02:17:52
All02:17:54
Aristotle also chickened out in his old age02:17:57
and was getting ready to go home to Bologna, but where02:18:00
there he was locked up like a dog knowing02:18:04
architect02:18:06
[music]02:18:08
Apparently it’s your destiny to die, and the prince and02:18:12
won't remember02:18:15
Austrian diplomat Baron Sigismund02:18:17
Herberstein wrote to Emperor Ivan III02:18:20
for the poor and oppressed access to it02:18:23
was discontinued02:18:26
During lunch he was so02:18:28
indulged in the intoxication that overcame him02:18:31
dream02:18:33
and all those invited were amazed02:18:36
fear and silence02:18:38
he has never been in battle and has always02:18:41
won02:18:44
Great Stefan of Moldova said that02:18:47
while he himself fights every day barely02:18:50
able to defend his borders Ivan02:18:53
sitting at home02:18:58
as a result of an undeclared war with02:19:01
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania which02:19:03
ended with Moscow's big campaigns against02:19:05
The border lands were ceded to Russia by the West02:19:08
and Vyazma the next war was already fought02:19:12
more significant forces of VSK Ivan III02:19:15
inflicted a crushing defeat on the troops02:19:17
Grand Duke of Lithuania and as a result02:19:20
a third of the territory of Lithuania went to Russia from02:19:23
cities Chernigov Novgorod Seversky02:19:26
Gomel Bryansk Dorogobuzh and others02:19:32
His unyielding will is like iron hoops02:19:35
consolidated the vast lands of Russia02:19:39
but there is no order in his own family02:19:42
was02:19:44
relationship between his son Ivan young02:19:46
and Sophia didn’t work out02:19:49
yes And why did the princess love her02:19:51
stepson This boy blocked forever02:19:55
the road to power for her son Vasily later02:19:58
domeologists02:20:00
at one time she had hope maybe02:20:04
the Heir will perish in the battle with the Tatars and02:20:07
will free up space02:20:09
but it didn’t work out Ivan the young returned with02:20:13
victoriously married the Moldavian princess02:20:15
Elena Voloshanka and she bore him a son02:20:18
Dmitry02:20:19
Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich favored02:20:22
touched by the young and the old02:20:24
to the first grandson, black-eyed and smiling02:20:28
Mityusha02:20:29
Sophia had a hard time hiding her irritation02:20:32
but keep the face of the offspring of the house of paleologists02:20:36
knew how from early childhood02:20:40
Once an Italian doctor turned02:20:42
Please note that Prince Ivan the young is suffering02:20:45
for leg pain and offered his services02:20:50
go and treat the patient's condition sharply02:20:52
worsened and soon he died02:20:57
the doctor was executed02:20:59
there was no investigation despite02:21:01
persistent rumors that the Doctor has been sent02:21:04
princess02:21:06
it seemed that Emperor Ivan Vasilyevich was under02:21:09
old age has lost its grip02:21:12
Moscow nobility waiting for his ambulance02:21:14
death was already divided into two parties02:21:17
alone for old Princess Sophia's son02:21:20
Vasily others for the young widow Elena with02:21:23
son Dmitry02:21:25
However, Ivan III was not going to die02:21:29
he made his choice in favor of his grandson02:21:32
Dmitry02:21:33
and then Princess Sophia went all in02:21:37
The Boyar conspiracy was forced to aim02:21:40
who was to be placed on the throne02:21:42
son Vasily02:21:44
the conspiracy was discovered and all its participants02:21:47
arrested02:21:49
Vasily found himself under house arrest02:21:51
his owls fell02:21:53
investigation It turned out that through their sins02:21:56
woman, she allegedly got hold of poison and was going to02:21:59
poison Dmitry and maybe himself02:22:03
sovereign02:22:07
February 402:22:09
In 1498 the Assumption Cathedral took place02:22:13
the first ceremony in Russian history02:22:16
royal wedding02:22:18
designed according to the Byzantine model02:22:21
Metropolitan laid Monomakh's cap02:22:23
ancient symbol of the power of Moscow princes02:22:26
on the head of 14-year-old Dmitry Ivanovich02:22:30
Ivan III solemnly handed over to his grandson02:22:34
family heirloom02:22:38
but a year later Ivan III suddenly reconsidered02:22:41
he forgave his choice for his son Vasily And did not02:22:45
only gave him Pskov in humiliation02:22:47
Novgorod but also named it as sovereign02:22:50
Grand Duke02:22:53
now there were three great ones in the country at once02:22:56
prince father son and grandson And this is straight02:23:02
road to turmoil02:23:08
there must be one ruler02:23:11
and whoever Ivan chooses son Vaska02:23:13
who diligently grows the first02:23:15
beard or grandson of the big-eyed meteorologist02:23:19
he will doom another to death02:23:23
Ivan Vasilyevich thought for three years and then02:23:28
as recorded by the author from the Turkic chronicle02:23:31
put his son Vasily Ivanovich on02:23:34
great reign02:23:36
grandson of his prince Dmitry Ivanovich02:23:39
planted in stone and iron02:23:46
spring 150302:23:53
she lived with Ivan the third for more than 3002:23:55
years old bore him five sons and seven02:23:58
daughters and still achieved02:24:02
the Russian throne remained with her son02:24:05
descendants of paleologists02:24:09
the widowed Prince Ivan Vasilyevich went with02:24:12
sons on the Bogosea in Trinity02:24:14
monastery And upon returning to Moscow, something happened to him02:24:17
stroke and partial paralysis02:24:20
took away a hand, a leg and an eye02:24:25
in such a state He ruled the state and02:24:29
fought the war for another year and a half02:24:40
Ivan Vasilyevich was dying02:24:44
there was a bell ringing outside the windows02:24:47
Feast of the Holy Martyr Demetrius02:24:49
Solunsky name day for Tyusha’s grandchildren is already three02:24:53
locked in a damp basement for years02:24:55
Kremlin prison02:24:58
before his death the Grand Duke called02:25:00
grandson Dmitry and told him02:25:03
dear grandson, I have sinned before God and02:25:08
by you imprisoning you02:25:11
I beg you to let me offend you02:25:15
be free and enjoy your rights02:25:21
moved by this speech, Dmitry willingly02:25:24
forgave my grandfather for his guilt02:25:26
but when he left he was captured by02:25:30
order of his uncle Vasily and thrown into02:25:34
dungeon02:25:37
some believe that he died of hunger and02:25:39
cold others that suffocated from smoke02:25:45
Ivan Vasilievich no longer found out about this02:25:56
just before his death, Metropolitan02:25:59
unctioned him and wanted to cook according to02:26:01
ancient custom to accept monastic02:26:03
tonsure but the prince refused02:26:08
why try to deceive everyone leading02:26:10
The Lord who will judge his servant02:26:12
John and shorn hair and black02:26:16
clothes and deeds done02:26:23
[music]02:26:28
Ivan III left to his heir02:26:31
a country several times larger than the one02:26:34
I once inherited it myself02:26:36
he is the first autocrat of Russian history02:26:39
dictated his will to everyone and those who02:26:42
got in his way, destroyed him without02:26:44
mercy and without regret02:26:47
the first prince in 220 years who has never02:26:50
did not go to the Horde for confirmation of his02:26:52
powers and his title of Grand Duke02:26:56
wore without khan's label02:26:59
having saved Russia from the Horde, He created between02:27:03
Europe and Asia a powerful state02:27:06
what he had time would be enough for02:27:09
several human lives, but what?02:27:11
intended to be the main content02:27:14
Russian history for the next 200 years02:27:18
fully Ivan's grandiose plan02:27:21
The great can only be realized02:27:23
next ruler named Great02:27:26
Peter the creator of the Russian Empire02:27:41
[music]02:27:47
[music]02:28:25
[music]02:29:09
the king is terrible not for good deeds but for evil02:29:14
If you don't want to be afraid of power, do good02:29:18
and if you do evil, be afraid, for the king is not02:29:23
in vain wears a sword to intimidate02:29:25
villains and encouragement of good technologists02:29:29
he was sure02:29:32
power gives him the power to exalt the right and02:29:35
overthrow the guilty in order to build02:29:37
Kingdom of Heaven on Earth02:29:57
[music]02:30:32
year02:30:34
1525 dynasty02:30:37
Rurikovich has ruled the country for the sixth time02:30:39
a century of such a long chain02:30:42
does not know the transfer of power by right of blood02:30:44
no European country02:30:48
on the throne Vasily III son of Ivan02:30:52
Great ruler of the huge02:30:54
independent state02:30:56
it was at this moment that the fate of the Moscow02:30:59
the Rurikovich branch was under threat02:31:02
Vasily III had no children after 20 years02:31:06
fruitless marriage, he divorced his first02:31:09
wife Solomonia Saburova and married02:31:12
16-year-old Princess Elena Glinskaya who02:31:16
finally gave birth to the long-awaited son Ivan02:31:23
Great sovereign ingrown with gold02:31:27
clothes sat on a high throne, hanging02:31:30
legs crowded around sumptuously dressed02:31:33
boyars Grand Duke of Moscow of All Rus'02:31:37
Ivan Vasilievich six years old02:31:40
received Lithuanian ambassadors repeated02:31:43
suggested short phrases by ambassadors02:31:45
came up to kiss the little hand02:31:48
then the sovereign was taken away, explaining that he was high02:31:52
guests that due to his early age he is in Peru02:31:54
be out of languor02:31:56
while the Grand Duke spent time with02:31:59
mothers and nannies02:32:00
the state was ruled by boyars02:32:05
Ivan Vasilyevich inherited the throne in02:32:08
three years after the sudden death of his father at02:32:11
the prince of the baby was created a special02:32:13
regency council from several nearby02:32:15
boyars led by his mother and until the very02:32:19
coming of age to the Grand Duke02:32:21
had to be an obedient doll in their02:32:24
hands02:32:26
Russian nobility considered themselves collective02:32:29
the aristocrats owned the master of the country02:32:32
vast hereditary estates02:32:34
land holdings from which they received02:32:36
huge incomes and each of them could02:32:40
gather and equip your own army02:32:42
the highest nobles received the Chinboyar they02:32:46
had to serve the army of the great02:32:47
prince to rule cities and02:32:50
government agencies02:32:52
boyar title gave the right02:32:54
attend meetings of Boyarskaya02:32:56
Duma State Council under the Great02:32:59
prince02:33:02
baby Ivana and his mother comforting02:33:05
Grand Duchess Elena Glinskaya turned out to be02:33:07
an ideal screen for Boyar rule02:33:10
a struggle for power began to boil around the throne02:33:13
three aristocratic clans of princes02:33:16
Belsky Glinsky and Shuisky02:33:19
in 1538, Princess Elena suddenly02:33:24
died, possibly poisoned02:33:27
the princes were at the top02:33:33
orphaned children Ivan his younger brother02:33:36
Yuri found himself at the mercy of greedy nobles02:33:39
who felt complete02:33:42
masters of both the palace and the treasury from life02:33:45
the great prince himself fears and humiliations02:33:49
Ivan remembered his Gorky childhood on02:33:51
all life02:33:53
we used to play children's hug games02:33:56
Shuisky is sitting on a bench leaning his elbow02:33:59
our father's bed and placing his foot on02:34:01
chair02:34:02
pineapples will look at me how many times and02:34:05
food was not given on time02:34:11
upbringing and education of the great02:34:13
no one dealt with the prince’s desires02:34:16
and feelings were not considered then to Ivan02:34:19
was 13 years old in his presence right on02:34:22
meeting of the Boyar Duma arrested him02:34:24
favorite of Prince Fyodor Vorontsov for the fact that02:34:28
the sovereign favors him and takes care of him02:34:32
[music]02:34:34
our boyar was dishonored and cut short02:34:37
he had his clothes on and wanted to kill us when we02:34:39
Metropolitan Macarius was sent to them02:34:41
tell them not to kill02:34:44
The Metropolitan was pushed and torn on him02:34:46
mantle02:34:52
and you couldn’t stand it together with your neighbors02:34:56
boyars He left Moscow02:34:59
Grand Duke's train near Mozhaisk02:35:02
met a huge crowd of people who wanted02:35:05
complain to the sovereign about arbitrariness02:35:07
boyars officials who no longer knew02:35:10
I won't hold back02:35:11
[music]02:35:21
with difficulty he got himself out of02:35:26
troops02:35:28
out of hundreds of people, the minds are as if they were cut off02:35:31
fell to their knees in front of him02:35:42
and then he understood02:35:45
who is he02:35:52
in late autumn the Grand Duke returned to02:35:55
Moscow02:35:56
waiting for the end of Christmas02:35:59
After fasting, he ordered the huntsmen to seize the prince02:36:01
Andrei Shuisky and drag him to prison02:36:04
the kings were still dragging the boyar to the gate02:36:07
accidentally or intentionally strangled him02:36:13
and then it became clear to everyone, Grand Duke02:36:17
showed his teeth02:36:20
now the crowd of the king's palaces was catching every02:36:23
his word02:36:24
and Ivan himself indulged in entertainment in02:36:27
company of peers from golden youth02:36:29
without knowing I will hold back in anything02:36:33
to young Afanasy Buturlin for his insolence02:36:36
ordered the language to be cut and 15-year-old Mikhail02:36:40
Trubetskoy did not please the Great with something02:36:42
the prince was immediately executed02:36:44
fellow boyars and teacher of the great02:36:47
Prince Metropolitan Macarius tried02:36:49
talk some sense into him but in vain02:36:52
and then Macarius applied the remedy02:36:55
unprecedented power He offered the Great02:36:58
the prince to accept the royal title02:37:04
The Legend of the Princes of Vladimir02:37:06
traced the origin02:37:08
Rurikovich to the first Roman emperor02:37:10
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian Augustus from02:37:14
from which the title of king or02:37:17
Caesar, the Russian Tsar was considered official02:37:21
successor to the Byzantine emperor and02:37:23
equal in status to the ruler of the Holy02:37:25
Roman Empire02:37:27
The Byzantine idea of royal weddings02:37:29
had a pronounced sacred02:37:32
character the king became the first servant02:37:35
God on earth and together with the highest authority02:37:37
took on the burden of responsibility02:37:40
before God for your state and your02:37:43
subjects02:37:46
January 16, 1547 in the Assumption Cathedral02:37:52
the Kremlin held a ceremonial02:37:54
royal wedding ceremony02:37:58
Ivan IV became the first Russian Tsar02:38:03
now he was no longer first among equals02:38:06
But the only thing02:38:09
ruler of which by the will of God02:38:11
placed high above all society02:38:14
including the most distinguished battles02:38:17
autocrats whose will02:38:24
according to ancient Byzantine custom was02:38:27
Bridal viewing was held02:38:29
slowly and importantly Ivan walked along02:38:32
an endless series of stately lush02:38:34
golden-haired beauties02:38:36
looked at a fragile girl02:38:39
short in stature02:38:41
fluffy dark braid and eyes like cherries02:38:44
Ivan did not go further than the Tsar's bride02:38:48
became 15-year-old Anastasia Zakharyina02:38:51
Yuriev's wedding was celebrated on February 3 by the Tsar02:38:56
Ivan, according to all laws and traditions, was02:38:58
now an independent adult02:39:01
sovereign ruler anointed of God02:39:05
no one else can tell him02:39:10
Nadezhda Relatives and Metropolitan02:39:12
gone to dust Ivan hit Breaking Bad02:39:16
more than ever and while the sovereign indulged02:39:20
the fun was still ruled by the well-born02:39:23
nobles02:39:24
the king swaggered until02:39:28
flared up02:39:30
[music]02:39:32
a simple unextinguished candle gave birth02:39:34
Great fire the king rushed to the village02:39:38
Vorobyovo where his family fled and02:39:39
neighboring boyars What to do next he doesn’t02:39:42
knew02:39:43
burned for Yauzye Zamoskvorechye part02:39:46
The Kremlin burned down, a third of Moscow died02:39:50
thousands of people for a medieval city02:39:52
these are terrible losses02:39:55
someone started a rumor that they were to blame for everything02:39:57
relatives of the Tsar, the Glinsky boyars02:40:00
engaged in black witchcraft02:40:03
a riot broke out for three days the city was02:40:06
In the power of the rebels on the fourth day02:40:08
hundreds of people armed as if for war02:40:11
Vorobyov came to the Tsar but did not02:40:15
complain and not ask but threaten02:40:18
did not demand to immediately hand over the Glinskys02:40:21
for reprisal02:40:24
behind the walls of the tower the human sea rustled02:40:27
Ivan was already imagining a cod buzzing02:40:29
flames consuming a log wall02:40:32
a thin barrier between him and the furious02:40:35
the lava of the crowd whether he is the king of all Rus'02:40:38
the viceroy of the Lord God is afraid of blueberries02:40:41
funny02:40:43
you just have to go out onto the high porch and02:40:46
everyone will fall on their faces before him02:40:49
the king crossed the threshold02:40:53
and hot breath hit my face02:40:56
monster02:40:58
hundreds of heads spewed abuse02:41:02
the eyes were blinded by the countless teeth of the spears02:41:05
and axes02:41:07
[music]02:41:10
in the sky there is fear in my soul and trembling in my bones02:41:15
my02:41:16
and humble yourself02:41:20
the tsar sent him to the Trinity Monastery02:41:22
A huge contribution of seven thousand rubles for these02:41:27
money could be used to rebuild the floor02:41:29
The Tsar of Moscow wanted to buy from God02:41:32
anger02:41:33
the sacrifice did not help the king was persecuted02:41:36
failures Ivan was in despair and then02:41:40
close friend02:41:52
no one had ever spoken to him like that before02:41:55
Sylvester blamed what happened02:41:58
on Ivan himself02:42:00
he is God's anointed one, mired in sins in02:42:03
his riotousness and idleness02:42:06
connivance has multiplied in02:42:08
in a state of lawlessness from whom is he02:42:11
depends on the fate of the people evades02:42:13
state labor and thus drags his02:42:15
the country into the abyss02:42:16
[music]02:42:18
but the Lord will forgive the one who sincerely02:42:20
will repent and take the path of salvation02:42:25
Sylvester told the king about certain evil02:42:27
miracles and visions shown to him for02:42:30
instructions from Ivan Vasilievich02:42:32
the young Monarch submitted to the will of his mentor02:42:39
from that time Tsar Ivan changed to02:42:42
all the former fun and feasts are beyond recognition02:42:45
were decisively rejected Sylvester became02:42:49
his spiritual father and closest02:42:50
advisor02:42:51
told him about the highest position02:42:54
ruler and the enormous responsibility02:42:57
convinced before God of the need02:43:00
serious changes in the country02:43:03
the king avidly read the works of the church fathers02:43:06
political treatises chronicles report02:43:09
provisions in the state It was then that he02:43:12
acquired that deep knowledge of theology02:43:15
and ancient history thanks to which02:43:17
the scribe will receive an honorary nickname02:43:20
verbal wisdom rhetorician02:43:24
there were always advisers next to him and02:43:26
friends people of high book culture02:43:29
priest Sylvester Metropolitan Macarius02:43:33
Alexey Adashev is young with them02:43:37
king in an amazingly short time02:43:39
will make great changes in everyone02:43:41
areas of life in your country02:43:44
[music]02:43:50
Tsar Ivan walked along endless passages02:43:53
Kremlin Palace left with Viti02:43:55
had to run after him he accepted02:43:58
difficult decision and rushed it02:44:00
fulfill, casting aside all doubts and fears02:44:04
the chosen ones were waiting for him in the throne room of the palace02:44:11
[music]02:44:12
meeting convened by Ivan IV02:44:15
representatives of all free classes02:44:17
Later to be named the Cathedral of Reconciliation02:44:21
subsequently such cathedrals will be02:44:23
convene to decide the most important02:44:25
government issues and will receive02:44:27
the name of zemstvos with the advent of zemstvos02:44:30
cathedrals in Russia a new02:44:33
state system in which02:44:35
representatives of the entire free population02:44:37
countries participated in governance02:44:39
state and drafting laws02:44:45
the very first words of his speech addressed to02:44:48
the cathedral shocked everyone02:44:51
Tsar Grand Duke of All Rus' autocrat02:44:54
repented of that before his subjects02:44:57
that he was cruel and unfair to them02:45:00
announced that he himself forgives everyone who02:45:03
he was guilty and more fell on them02:45:06
will not assign02:45:08
finally02:45:09
the king asked consent to hold02:45:12
reforms02:45:14
and you are my brothers02:45:18
all my beloved princes, boyars and all02:45:21
Orthodox Christianity02:45:30
administrative reform canceled02:45:32
feeding High maintenance system02:45:34
officials at the expense of local02:45:36
imposed harsh penalties on the population02:45:40
bribes and perjury Investigation02:45:43
criminal cases and all land matters02:45:45
issues became the responsibility of the local02:45:47
nobility and free peasantry02:45:49
a system of orders was formed02:45:52
central government bodies each of02:45:55
who were in charge of a certain industry from02:45:58
foreign policy before the army system02:46:01
orders functioned successfully until02:46:03
until the end of the 18th century02:46:07
after a big military review and02:46:10
solemn02:46:12
22-year-old Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich led02:46:14
his army on a campaign to Kazan02:46:18
Khanate of Kazan large fragment02:46:20
The Golden Horde stood as a bone in the throat02:46:23
The Russian state was at war with02:46:26
intermittently for almost 100 years 10 thousand02:46:29
Russian captives languished in slavery02:46:32
Kazantsev sarevan tried to fight twice02:46:35
with Kazanyunu both trips turned out to be02:46:37
unsuccessful02:46:38
prepared for the third campaign with special02:46:41
carefully escorted the army02:46:44
foreign specialists including02:46:47
engineers artillery sappers02:46:50
Artillery Arsenal 150 guns02:46:53
first class quality it was army02:46:57
updated after the reform02:47:01
military reform of Ivan IV strengthened and02:47:05
streamlined the basis of the Russian army02:47:07
noble militia were established02:47:10
regular military reviews at which02:47:13
all serving nobles had to02:47:15
be02:47:17
and weapons, that is, on a war horse with02:47:20
weapons and fighters appeared first in02:47:24
Russian regular army Streltsy02:47:27
Armed with arquebuses and trained02:47:29
fire battle Sagittarius received from the treasury02:47:32
4 rubles a year and did not depend on service02:47:36
aristocracy02:47:40
at the end of August Kazan was taken02:47:43
dense siege, cannon fire02:47:45
continued day and night Kazan residents stubbornly02:47:49
resisted02:47:50
then Ivan Vasilyevich I do not advise02:47:53
the governors summoned engineers and02:47:55
sappers02:47:56
the oldest secret began under the walls02:47:58
dig mines02:48:01
at dawn on October 202:48:04
a terrible explosion shook the entire city02:48:10
part of the wall and army tower collapsed02:48:13
rushed through the gap towards the Kazan people fought02:48:16
to his death Ivan drove straight to the gate02:48:19
Kazan so that the whole army can see that the king02:48:21
with them they rushed to the aid of the assaulters02:48:24
fresh forces and Kazan was taken02:48:30
in the faceted chamber of the Kremlin the Tsar02:48:32
solemnly celebrated the victory together02:48:35
the whole country rejoiced with him02:48:38
The capture of Kazan was a general victory02:48:41
uniting everything with national pride02:48:44
Russian Society from boyars to peasants02:48:48
territory of the Kazan Khanate all02:48:51
average Volga region about 700 thousand02:48:53
square kilometers became part of02:48:56
The Russian state will soon be protected02:48:59
The king was asked by the Siberian Khanate in 155602:49:03
the Astrakhan Khanate was conquered02:49:06
and the entire Volga was under Russian02:49:09
the lower regions joined Russia under control02:49:12
Volga region and steppes from Don to Terek02:49:15
[music]02:49:17
it was the heyday of power and02:49:21
The greatness of the Russian state time02:49:23
order and abundance02:49:26
well-functioning power management system02:49:29
law02:49:30
economic prosperity and military power02:49:33
construction of magnificent temples began02:49:37
typography on strange diplomats and02:49:40
merchants who previously traveled to Russia with caution02:49:42
couldn't believe my eyes02:49:46
this prince is ruler and king over many02:49:50
countries and his power is amazing02:49:53
great02:49:55
Emperor Ivan Vasilyevich is very smart02:49:58
generous with love to his subjects and great02:50:01
in deeds he surpasses all others02:50:03
sovereigns02:50:05
emperor with the greatest justice02:50:08
governs the entire state02:50:12
educated pious02:50:15
artistic gifted he loved very much02:50:17
I composed spiritual music myself02:50:20
works for church choir02:50:22
Ivan IV was in the prime of his life and was02:50:27
completely happy02:50:29
but in March 1553 the king seriously02:50:34
got sick02:50:36
[music]02:50:45
it soon became obvious that hopes for02:50:47
recovery no02:50:49
consciousness became muddied and more and more often fell into02:50:52
feverish delirium pestered to find out02:50:55
loved ones Ivan understood that he was dying02:50:59
brother Yuri was seriously ill02:51:01
perhaps weak-minded and incapable02:51:03
son Dmitry to claim the throne02:51:06
it was only six months but there was a cousin02:51:09
brother Prince Vladimir Staritsky and he easily02:51:12
could push Tsarevich Dmitry away from02:51:14
throne02:51:15
dying king ordered to take an oath02:51:18
to the baby prince, but not everyone agreed02:51:23
Archpriest Sylvester Alexei Dashev02:51:26
closest friends whom the king trusted without02:51:29
cherished in no hurry to swear allegiance to his son02:51:32
They understood that enthronement02:51:35
baby will mean a rollback in time02:51:38
Boyar rule and general decline02:51:42
Ivan died feeling betrayed02:51:53
the king suddenly woke up02:51:56
it was morning02:51:58
it's like he's risen from the dead02:52:03
now having almost visited the other world, he02:52:06
gained what seemed to him true vision02:52:10
Since the Lord left him alive02:52:13
This means they have not yet been fulfilled by his Great02:52:16
sovereign destiny02:52:21
he has to go through a difficult path and02:52:25
on this path he is absolutely alone02:52:28
no friends, no helpers, not even servants02:52:33
only enemies02:52:36
As soon as the king got to his feet, he immediately02:52:39
went to the distant sea of gods02:52:41
Kirillov Monastery02:52:43
Ivan took his little son with him as his wife02:52:46
because I couldn’t trust them to anyone anymore02:52:48
he was convinced not to lead into such a difficult situation02:52:51
travel wife child but he doesn't02:52:55
listened02:52:57
the trip ended tragically02:53:00
on the way back baby Dmitry fell out02:53:03
into the water from the hands of the Nanny descending along02:53:06
similar to a ship and they didn’t have time to save it02:53:11
A year later, a son, Ivan, was born another year later.02:53:14
three years Fedor and like life02:53:17
continued and outwardly everything remained02:53:20
still02:53:21
only between the king and his closest02:53:24
advisors A crack has appeared and it is not02:53:27
expanded obliquely02:53:40
suspicions intensified when the advisers02:53:43
dared to object to his military02:53:46
plans, the goal insisted on his own and for the first02:53:49
won several years in a row02:53:51
brilliant victories And the advisers are all02:53:54
continued to argue, convincing him that there was war02:53:56
will ruin the country02:53:58
but Ivan did not want to listen to them; he no longer02:54:01
I trusted my old comrades, moreover02:54:04
suspected them of treason02:54:06
The tsar sent Alexei Dashev to Libya02:54:09
giving him some specific02:54:11
positions02:54:12
priest Sylvester went to the distant02:54:15
monastery and took monastic vows there02:54:20
in the middle of summer 1560 it's hard02:54:25
Queen Anastasia fell ill02:54:27
she grabbed from Kirillovsky02:54:30
Bogosea next birth even more02:54:33
undermined her health02:54:35
or the cause of the disease was someone’s evil02:54:39
intent02:54:41
it hurt to see how he was suffering02:54:43
Anastasia her face became waxy02:54:46
unrecognizable02:54:48
he didn’t want to believe but with melancholy horror02:54:51
I understood it was all over02:54:57
and now even fight, even scream, everything is in vain02:55:04
but at the funeral Ivan cried so he couldn’t02:55:07
stand on feet02:55:09
they were afraid that the king would go crazy with grief02:55:14
after the death of his wife he changed terribly02:55:17
again, as in his youth, he went into the Wild02:55:20
revelry02:55:22
from the outside it might seem that he is young02:55:24
widower desperately trying to drown out02:55:26
with his violent and obscene fun02:55:29
grief02:55:30
and again went to the Bogosea and prayed02:55:33
I repented all night long and asked02:55:35
give some sense, Lord02:55:42
he observed the life of the monks02:55:46
strict way of life in general02:55:50
the charter left nothing for the monk02:55:52
his own except his soul02:55:55
loyalty about it02:55:56
absolute obedience to the abbot02:56:00
from their bodies like they built from bricks02:56:03
Kingdom of heaven on earth02:56:07
Isn't this the highest goal of earthly life?02:56:11
the king knew the kingdom of heaven from the gospel02:56:15
he took strength, he felt like a warrior02:56:18
Christ's02:56:20
and to make sure of this I began the sacred02:56:24
war02:56:25
in 1563 Ivan the Terrible led the campaign02:56:30
Polotsk is the largest and richest city02:56:33
Lithuania the ancient patrimony of the Rurikovichs through02:56:36
Polotsk influenced all of Western Rus'02:56:39
Western confessions And this was serious02:56:42
threat to Orthodoxy the king led to02:56:45
Polotsk huge army and personally02:56:47
led the entire operation it was02:56:50
the largest military company for one and a half years02:56:52
centuries of Russian history, Polotsk had02:56:55
powerful fortifications and large02:56:58
combat-ready garrison a month later02:57:00
continuous shelling that almost leveled02:57:03
walls with earth Polotsk surrendered losses02:57:06
The Russian army consisted of only 86 people02:57:12
news of the capture of Polotsk instantly02:57:15
spread throughout Europe Ivan IV02:57:17
celebrated the victory in Moscow He returned02:57:21
in firm confidence he does what02:57:24
it pleases the Lord And all who oppose him02:57:27
go against God's Will02:57:31
on a dark night through a breach in the wall into Lithuania02:57:33
Andrei Kurbsky, the prince who occupied the02:57:37
exceptionally high position02:57:39
who knew all the military-political secrets and02:57:42
personal secrets02:57:44
Korbsky not only ran, he also became02:57:48
write letters to the tsar reproaching him for being black02:57:51
ingratitude towards the faithful02:57:53
accusing servants of arbitrariness and blindness02:57:56
pride02:57:57
Having received this message, the King ordered in anger02:58:00
torture to death the Messenger who brought it02:58:03
letter02:58:05
But after some time I couldn’t stand it02:58:08
wrote a response to Prince Kurbsky in which02:58:10
denied all accusations and formulated02:58:13
your political program02:58:17
then he resists power, he resists God02:58:22
he is called an apostate02:58:29
once he needed to go to02:58:32
that world to find out about your king02:58:34
the nobles think now the time has come02:58:37
find out who his people take him for02:58:41
is he ready to follow the king wherever he goes?02:58:44
didn't lead02:58:46
on the eve of Christmas02:58:48
1564 The Kremlin suddenly became empty02:58:53
Tsar Ivan Vasilievich02:58:56
disappeared02:58:59
Together with his family and courtiers from all over02:59:02
royal treasury Moscow shrines02:59:05
disappeared as if it never existed02:59:08
Muscovites were at a loss02:59:12
didn't understand what was happening02:59:15
bye to Moscow from Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda02:59:17
The Tsar's messenger with the letter did not arrive02:59:21
the tsar reported that there was evil against the Moscow people02:59:23
does not hold, but accuses the church authorities02:59:26
nobles and boyars in what they cover02:59:29
traitors and criminals and do not give02:59:32
the sovereign to administer a fair trial and02:59:36
Therefore he abdicates the throne02:59:40
and let the people decide for themselves what they want02:59:43
continue to live02:59:45
[music]02:59:47
All of Moscow, from the Bayars to the Posads, came to02:59:50
horror02:59:51
inspection was one step away02:59:54
and while the boyars were gathering their thoughts, the people02:59:57
I've already decided everything02:59:58
crowds of Muscovites came to the Kremlin and03:00:02
forced the nobles and bishops to send03:00:04
delegation to Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda03:00:07
ask the sovereign to return at any03:00:11
conditions03:00:16
all this time Ivan Vasilievich was03:00:18
on the verge03:00:20
they said that he was from nervous tension03:00:23
lost almost all the hair on my head03:00:26
it's finally resolved03:00:31
his people came to him and asked03:00:34
rule as his sovereign pleases03:00:37
[music]03:00:39
now King John has been chosen by both God and03:00:43
people03:00:45
solemnly returning to Moscow under03:00:47
joyful shouts and ringing of bells there 403:00:51
declared Exactly as he pleases03:00:55
on traitors who to the sovereign03:00:57
disobedient to lay down their opals and others03:01:00
execute and take away their property03:01:04
All that remained was to bring it to life03:01:06
a dream called oprichnina03:01:10
kingdom building tool03:01:13
heavenly on earth03:01:17
oprichnina from the word oprich outside behind03:01:21
outside the personal inheritance of the king with a separate03:01:24
command apparatus and troops03:01:27
unofficial capital of the oprichnina zone03:01:29
became Alexandrovskaya Sloboda in03:01:32
a third of the territory was allocated to the oprichnina03:01:34
Moscow near the Kremlin and also the richest03:01:38
Chernigov lands Tver and Rostov03:01:41
Suzdal which the king took away from03:01:43
owners and distributed to the guardsmen03:01:46
oprichnina Brotherhood of 300 people was03:01:49
organized as a military monastic order03:01:52
whose abbot was the Kellari king himself03:01:55
Afanasy Vyazemsky and sexton Boyarsky03:01:58
son Grigory Belsky more famous03:02:01
like Malyuta Skuratov total number03:02:03
oprichniks initially comprised03:02:06
a thousand people later Up to 600003:02:10
in 1567 the king received news that03:02:15
the Polish king offered the best Russians03:02:17
to the voivodes of the princes-Belsky of Mstislavl03:02:20
Vorotynsky and boyar Fedorov go03:02:24
to his side03:02:25
Perhaps it was a Polish sabotage, but03:02:29
Ivan Vasilievich conducted an investigation and03:02:31
made his conclusions03:02:33
he was the first to summon boyar Fedorov03:02:43
it was noticeable to see as never before03:02:46
the arrogant Boyar walked in at a loss03:02:48
to royal peace03:02:51
after several months it fell and suddenly03:02:54
he was invited by the illustrious sovereigns03:02:56
eyes03:02:57
What does he see03:03:00
empty throne03:03:02
he is wearing the Queen's ceremonial vestments03:03:05
The Great Sovereign himself in his oprichnina03:03:08
the cassock modestly huddles to the side03:03:10
[music]03:03:18
affectionately but firmly Ivan Vasilyevich ordered03:03:22
boyar to put on royal clothes and03:03:25
sit on the throne03:03:32
and the sovereign suddenly fell in front of him on03:03:35
knees and asked03:03:36
is he satisfied with taking the sovereign's place03:03:39
did you get everything you dreamed of?03:03:44
Enjoy the dominion you longed for03:03:48
the boyars lost their speech in horror03:03:51
the blow is about to strike03:03:55
it's time to [ __ ]03:04:03
thus began the great terror of execution03:04:07
aristocrats were accompanied by brutal03:04:09
murders of their wives and children03:04:11
household members and servants guardsmen in courts03:04:15
had privileges over others03:04:17
almost everything was allowed, the country was numb in03:04:21
fear03:04:23
Metropolitan Athanasius is unable to influence03:04:26
left the throne for the king citing03:04:28
bodily infirmities03:04:30
the fourth one has selected a new candidate for you03:04:33
Solovetsky abbot Philip Klychev03:04:36
After much persuasion, Philip agreed03:04:39
accept the department in order to somehow03:04:41
restrain the king03:04:44
he stood up for the accused and saved03:04:47
convicted03:04:48
openly denounced the guardsmen and called for03:04:51
the king to repentance in the end03:04:54
pointedly refusing to bless03:04:56
king, he retired to the Novodevichy Convent03:04:59
church court assembled by order of the king03:05:02
did not depose Philip, the bishop was subjected to03:05:05
public humiliation, beaten and shackled03:05:08
shackles03:05:12
did Ivan Vasilyevich remember then how03:05:15
I was horrified and cried in childhood when the boyars03:05:17
they tore the mantle on Metropolitan Macarius03:05:21
However, Ivan still cannot kill Philip.03:05:24
the stated Metropolitan decided03:05:27
enjoyed enormous authority and03:05:29
therefore the king sent him into exile in03:05:32
Tverskoy Monastery03:05:33
in 1569, going to punitive03:05:37
The king sent a campaign to Novgorod to Philip03:05:40
your closest assistant currency03:05:42
Skuratov and ask for a blessing on03:05:45
hike or suggested03:05:48
and the plane in Kerry strangled him03:05:53
One hundred years later, Metropolitan Philip03:05:56
Moscow will be glorified in Lika03:05:58
saints03:06:00
now his relics rest in the Assumption03:06:02
Kremlin Cathedral next to the royal place03:06:06
Where Ivan was once crowned king03:06:09
Grozny03:06:12
That year the sovereign managed to do a lot03:06:15
so that the boyars don’t decide to replace03:06:18
The terrible Tsar Ivan to his meek03:06:20
brother Vladimir Staritsky prince from all over03:06:23
family was poisoned soon came given03:06:26
that the Novgorod boyars hatched a conspiracy03:06:28
against the sovereign, wanting to surrender03:06:31
to the Polish king and the sovereign with his faithful03:06:34
brothers oprichniks went to03:06:37
Novgorod03:06:39
campaign of the oprichnev army against Novgorod03:06:42
began with massacres and robberies in03:06:45
Tver Klin and Torzhok documented03:06:48
confirmed death toll 1,50503:06:51
in Novgorod the king and his army tried03:06:54
a month and a half all this time03:06:56
mass executions continued03:06:58
the use of severe torture03:07:01
several hundred people a day including03:07:03
women and children03:07:05
documented two03:07:08
half three thousand victims And according to03:07:10
chronicles, much more died03:07:13
Novgorod and all districts for 300 kilometers03:07:15
were completely looted03:07:20
Ivan Vasilyevich went further to Pskov03:07:23
where the executions continued03:07:26
having heard about the famous holy fool03:07:29
Ivan Vasilyevich came to his cell03:07:32
the dolls sat the king down to dinner and handed03:07:35
you can eat a piece of raw bloody meat03:07:40
do you eat human flesh?03:07:42
[music]03:07:44
and while the king came to his senses and radiated03:07:46
managed to prophesy so many troubles for him that03:07:49
Ivan Vasilyevich was careful not to continue03:07:51
execution and went to look for accomplices03:07:54
Novgorod treason in Moscow03:07:58
by the summer of 1570 the search was over03:08:04
square in China Town was executed03:08:06
more than 100 people including the chief03:08:09
advisor to the king on foreign affairs03:08:12
politicians royal treasurer as well as heads of03:08:15
local and robbery orders and03:08:18
big parish chief financial03:08:20
departments03:08:22
at the same time it was announced to the people that in03:08:24
the plight of the country's military03:08:27
defeats devastation desolation of lands03:08:29
It is these officials who are really to blame03:08:34
in fact they were just trying to persuade03:08:43
A year after the Moscow executions on03:08:46
a huge army appeared on the southern border03:08:48
Crimean Khan devlet girey03:08:51
to repel the Invasion we left separately03:08:53
oprichnina and zemstvo detachments but stop03:08:56
Tatars They couldn't03:08:58
at the age of Girey rapidly moved towards03:09:01
Moscow03:09:02
Ivan Vasilyevich went to the oprichnina army03:09:05
Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda Then to Rostov03:09:08
the zemstvo army remained to defend Moscow03:09:11
led by the princes of Belsky03:09:13
Mstislavsky Vorotynsky which is not so03:09:17
the king had long been suspected of treason03:09:19
they managed to organize the defense of the city03:09:22
unable to take Moscow Davlet Giray03:09:25
setting her on fire03:09:27
it was an unusually hot summer and the city03:09:30
burst into flames So the Tatars themselves were afraid03:09:33
and hurriedly left03:09:37
Moscow burned out almost completely03:09:40
so many people burned and drowned that03:09:44
the river could not be cleared of corpses in03:09:47
within the next 12 months03:09:51
getting cold too, the king suddenly understood03:09:55
The Lord did not accept his labors03:09:58
he is a sinner John God's mercy the king of all03:10:04
Rus'03:10:10
Ivan IV03:10:12
eliminated the cause03:10:15
but to return everything as it was before03:10:17
impossible03:10:19
country crippled by oprichnina terror03:10:22
exhausted by endless war03:10:25
found itself in a state of chaos03:10:29
ruin literal meaning damage trouble03:10:34
the deepest crisis in Russia at the end of the 16th century03:10:37
centuries have fallen into desolation03:10:40
economically developed areas of the country03:10:42
the lands were barely half plowed03:10:45
in some places 10 percent of the population03:10:48
significantly decreased part was03:10:51
destroyed during the terror, some fled03:10:53
from the guardsmen of the Volga region and Siberia increased03:10:57
tax oppression prices increased by four03:10:59
times hunger became almost constant03:11:02
phenomenon03:11:03
in 1581 the Swedes captured Narva03:11:08
Ivangorod and Kaporye Ivan's main war03:11:12
Grozny will end devastatingly03:11:14
defeat Russia will have to return everything03:11:17
lands conquered in 25 years In addition03:11:20
give away several inhabited areas03:11:22
Russian people03:11:24
the last Victory of the Grozny era will be03:11:26
won against his will by the richest03:11:30
Stroganov merchants at their own expense03:11:32
equipped Kuchum against the Siberian Khan03:11:34
Cossack detachment led by ataman03:11:37
Ermak Timofeevich03:11:39
Ermak defeated Kuchum and opened for03:11:42
Russian gateway to Siberia thanks to which03:11:44
Russian state several03:11:46
decades later will become the largest03:11:49
country of the world03:11:51
[music]03:11:55
How did this happen03:11:57
What did he spend his gifts on so generously?03:12:01
God endowed him03:12:07
after all, he was very skilled and skillful in his words03:12:09
weave and pasted stichera for myself03:12:13
composed by himself written by a European monarch03:12:16
letters are pretentious03:12:19
Won victories on the battlefield03:12:23
How did this happen03:12:26
I was the only consolation he had03:12:29
sons03:12:31
the younger Fedor was devout, quiet but stubborn03:12:35
eldest Wang The heir did not contradict his father03:12:38
intriguer weaved to war, went boldly everything03:12:43
was eager to fight with the army near Pskov03:12:46
Batory but Ivan Vasilievich did not03:12:49
let in03:12:50
wanted to save03:12:54
November 903:12:56
1581 in Alexandrovskaya Sloboda Ivan03:13:00
Vasilyevich argued with Tsarevich Ivan and03:13:02
in irritation, he hit the Tsarevich on the03:13:06
In one version, the dispute arose due to tactics03:13:08
defense of Pskov by another Tsarevich03:13:11
stood up for his pregnant wife who03:13:13
caused the king's wrath with the sharp end of the staff03:13:17
I tore my skin a few days later03:13:20
Blood poisoning began on November 1903:13:23
Tsarevich Ivan died, rumors that03:13:27
Ivan the Terrible killed his son03:13:30
circulate almost immediately after death03:13:33
Tsarevich is absolutely reliable03:13:35
no information yet03:13:40
every night03:13:42
prince under the influence of grief or remorse03:13:45
conscience03:13:46
got out of bed and grabbed with his hands03:13:49
behind the bedroom walls he was emitting heavy moans03:13:54
sleeping bags could hardly accommodate him03:13:57
bed spread out on the floor like this03:14:00
this way he calmed down03:14:02
having perked up and regained control of oneself03:14:07
in the spring03:14:08
1582 Ivan IV sent to monasteries03:14:12
Constantinople Alexandria Jerusalem03:14:15
10,000 rubles for the memory of the Tsarevich03:14:18
Ivan Ivanovich until the end of time03:14:23
then the king ordered to be sent to03:14:25
monasteries throughout the country huge lists03:14:27
the so-called synodics of disgraced and03:14:31
thousand deposits03:14:32
in addition to the souls of those who died without repentance03:14:36
his fault03:14:37
[music]03:14:42
At 50 years old, Ivan Vasilievich looked03:14:45
very old man03:14:47
due to bone growths on the vertebrae and03:14:50
joints, every movement caused him03:14:53
the pain he was unable to turn03:14:56
I could hardly walk my head03:15:00
18th of March03:15:02
1584 on the eve of his03:15:06
Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich died on his 54th birthday03:15:14
the immediate cause of death could be03:15:16
become cerebral hemorrhage after hot03:15:19
baths03:15:20
version of violent death does not have03:15:23
documentary evidence03:15:25
[music]03:15:32
his son Fyodor Ioannovich was married to03:15:35
kingdom on the day of its 27th anniversary03:15:39
balanced good-natured meek03:15:42
Affectionate with everyone, he was complete03:15:44
they are the opposite of their father03:15:47
considered him weak-minded or blessed03:15:49
others revered him as the Great03:15:51
prayer book and wise ruler03:15:55
the most trusted ones remained near the throne03:15:58
first of all, the Tsar’s uncle Nikita03:16:01
Romanovich Zakharyin Yuriev from whom03:16:04
subsequently the Romanov Dynasty will go and03:16:07
the queen's brother Boris Godunov is in the country03:16:11
redrawn by the reforms of Ivan the Terrible03:16:14
exhausted by the Livonian war, mutilated03:16:17
oprichnina should have been at least a few03:16:20
years of peace and silence03:16:24
arrived at the invitation of Fyodor Ionovich03:16:27
Patriarch of Constantinople established03:16:29
Moscow Patriarchal Throne Metropolitan03:16:32
Ilov became the first patriarch of the Russian03:16:35
churches were erected in Moscow at the same time03:16:38
new fortification of the wall of the white city03:16:41
many cities, large and small, received03:16:45
fortress walls in the North on the White Sea03:16:48
the seaport of Arkhangelsk was built on03:16:52
The Northern Stronghold arose on the islands03:16:54
the most powerful fortress that will never03:16:57
Solovetsky Monastery will be taken by Russian03:17:01
the army recaptured the northern lands from the Swedes03:17:04
Lost by Russia under Ivan the Terrible03:17:06
detachments of Cossacks Pioneers managed03:17:10
gain a foothold in the Urals with royal support03:17:12
and in Siberia they built Tobolsk and Surgut and03:17:15
let's go further east03:17:18
[music]03:17:20
reign of Fedor, which descendants will call03:17:23
peaceful and serene03:17:25
lasted only 14 years Tsar Fedor03:17:29
Ivanovich died at the 41st year of his life knowing03:17:33
that he is the last Dynasty03:17:36
Rurikovich03:17:40
the sovereign did not indicate a successor, relying03:17:43
to God's will03:17:45
the convenient Queen Irina soon left for03:17:48
monastery and to the throne after a tense03:17:51
her brother Boris Godunov ascended to the struggle03:17:54
energetic, active and experienced manager03:17:57
he had every chance to lead the country out of03:17:59
protracted crisis03:18:01
but after seven years of rule Boris03:18:04
Godunov died suddenly03:18:07
a series of turmoil began in the country03:18:10
impostors on the civilian throne03:18:12
war intervention devastation03:18:15
the Russian state found itself in one03:18:18
one step away from death03:18:29
[music]03:18:30
from all over the vast country came03:18:33
People03:18:35
peasants boyars merchants wars03:18:44
to decide your fate03:19:01
became the first king of the new dynasty03:19:04
16-year-old Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov03:19:08
countdown of the history of the Russian state03:19:11
started again03:19:23
[music]03:19:29
[music]Description:
Рюриковичи - 1-4 серии https://youtu.be/zvH0gf_-kHU Рюриковичи - 5-8 серии https://youtu.be/bgUj-TUsH4Y Год производства 2019 (1 сезон) Страна Россия Жанристория, биография, драма Режиссер Максим Беспалый Сценарий Марина Бандиленко В главных ролях Иван Петков Дмитрий Могучев Владимир Кузнецов Светлана Бакулина Валентина Нейморовец Александр Карпенко Андрей Камин Пётр Лойко Алексей Фролов Слава Баранов История династии началась одновременно с историей государства. Однако начало это скрыто в густом тумане легенд. Мы никогда не узнаем, кем на самом деле был легендарный варяг Рюрик, и был ли он реальным историческим лицом. Зато мы знаем, кем были его потомки. Среди них были поэты и воины, святые и разбойники, законодатели и братоубийцы. Одни восходили на престол по праву рождения, другие — по приглашению, третьи — по трупам родных братьев, но законной их власть над огромной страной делала сама принадлежность к правящему дому Рюриковичей. В истории династии было все — завоевания и потери, любовь и предательство, интриги и новые законы, яростная борьба за власть и высокое самопожертвование, пепел пожарищ и создание мировых шедевров. Рюриковичи укрепляли, обороняли, расширяли свое государство: кто-то — огнем и мечом, кто-то — миром и договором. Во время их правления сформировалась русская нация и возник феномен русской культуры. Именно Рюриковичи создали ту самую страну — трансконтинентальную полиэтничную державу, — в которой мы сегодня живем. Подпишись на самые новые СЕРИАЛЫ http://www.youtube.com/user/serial?sub_confirmation=1
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