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00:00:00
it was very difficult for us and here you need to
00:00:04
understand one important thing that yes,
00:00:07
firstly, for the early Middle Ages,
00:00:10
writing adopted Christianity. This is
00:00:12
almost the same thing, almost an equal sign,
00:00:14
always the word is strictly together,
00:00:18
and writing
00:00:22
as an element of the adoption of religion
00:00:25
was also an element of political domination This is
00:00:28
not because someone wanted to
00:00:30
teach someone to write.
00:00:31
Not at all,
00:00:33
and the actual adoption of Slavic
00:00:36
writing and the creation of the
00:00:38
Slavic alphabet in general is a little broader than the
00:00:40
history of Russia itself, because with us
00:00:43
the Slavic woman lived not only in Russia, as we
00:00:45
understand this, and Slavic Poland and
00:00:48
Bulgaria Slavyansk and Moravian principality
00:00:50
the future of the Czech Republic are also all Slavs and for
00:00:53
everyone. However, it turned out that
00:00:55
we also have the Slavic alphabet later, so here
00:00:59
the conversation goes somewhat beyond the boundaries of the
00:01:01
chronology and geography of Russia itself and
00:01:04
now the entire Slavic world falls
00:01:06
somewhat wider. At the same time,
00:01:08
when we talk about domination
00:01:11
When we talk to you all
00:01:13
the time, we have this phrase that
00:01:15
I really like: if you don’t
00:01:17
understand what we’re talking about, it’s most likely the
00:01:19
guys quarreled over money
00:01:23
and in general this is very correct, but here
00:01:27
usually in the comments they immediately include
00:01:30
lack of spirituality yes,
00:01:33
simply because questions of spirituality for a
00:01:37
medieval person are in no way
00:01:40
torn by pragmatics because
00:01:42
if you, especially for the early
00:01:43
Middle Ages, I emphasize if you
00:01:47
know how to squeeze little money
00:01:51
and little land from your neighbors, then either your gods are not
00:01:54
very good or you are somehow bad for them
00:01:55
you pray and in general you are an undesirable person, but
00:01:58
if on the contrary if you can loot
00:02:01
a lot of obligatory land there to sell
00:02:04
a lot of slaves, then everything is in perfect order with you and the gods.
00:02:07
Quite obviously they are
00:02:09
on your side, of course, and the
00:02:12
adoption of Christianity along with the adoption of the
00:02:16
actual Slavic alphabet was
00:02:19
connected in the first place political
00:02:21
issues, so let’s
00:02:23
start with your permission, with
00:02:26
political issues, so the
00:02:29
geopolitical situation at that moment,
00:02:31
yes yes, but geopolitical I always
00:02:35
tell everyone that geopolitical it will be
00:02:38
geopolitical only when our
00:02:40
spaceships depict the vastness of
00:02:42
space and there will be an astropolitical
00:02:44
situation geopolitical situation while
00:02:46
we are on earth we live in the whole political
00:02:48
situation geo
00:02:50
this is the Earth
00:02:52
[music]
00:02:54
the geopolitical situation at that time is
00:02:56
like this we have two giant
00:03:01
poles of power in Europe This is the Western
00:03:04
Roman Empire and the Eastern and you exactly the
00:03:07
Roman Empire the date of what this is
00:03:11
tied to is the 9th century Of course everything The baptism of the
00:03:15
Slavs began in the 9th century en masse,
00:03:21
while the
00:03:22
Eastern Roman Empire had from the
00:03:25
real
00:03:27
unified Roman Empire the
00:03:30
direct
00:03:32
extension of legitimacy. That is, they were
00:03:34
there. This history was not interrupted, but in
00:03:37
the west, as we know, it was interrupted. But by the
00:03:39
ninth century, the
00:03:41
kingdom of the Franks already existed, the actual Empire of Charlemagne
00:03:43
by that time, they had
00:03:48
somehow forgotten that they had
00:03:50
some chronological gaps in the
00:03:54
continuity of development and inheritance of the
00:03:56
Imperial throne because for
00:03:59
Western Roman people, such a
00:04:00
thing as the fall of the Roman Empire, in
00:04:02
principle, did not exist at all, and it
00:04:05
doesn’t matter whether it was an Italian or you there was
00:04:07
some
00:04:08
telephone vandal who came to serve
00:04:12
Rome at the same time, he robbed half of
00:04:14
Italy. But at the same time, the Roman patricians considered themselves to be well done in all
00:04:16
seriousness
00:04:19
because the goal was for all
00:04:23
these barbarians to come to Italy and become
00:04:26
normal Roman patrician citizens there,
00:04:27
so what’s like there? then the
00:04:30
emperor was over
00:04:33
And despite the fact that there was a wild
00:04:35
mess there, collapse and so on, in the head of an earlier
00:04:38
medieval person there was absolutely
00:04:39
the concept that everything was okay,
00:04:43
at one time you know, I was shocked about the
00:04:46
milk uprising Well, since childhood, he
00:04:50
always explains that these are the rebel slaves
00:04:53
Freedom aspiration football club Yes,
00:04:56
it turned out that they didn’t leave Italy anywhere,
00:04:59
they reached the North and came
00:05:01
back, and what about your native dugouts in
00:05:06
Bulgaria, where you live every morning,
00:05:08
you smear yourself with fresh bear [ __ ],
00:05:12
you feel great in your homeland,
00:05:15
it turns out, No, you don’t have to go anywhere
00:05:16
here Rome baths beauty Oranges are growing
00:05:21
and in general no one wanted to go anywhere in
00:05:23
general, and smart people said that they
00:05:26
actually wanted them. The main task was
00:05:28
to get Roman citizenship, they ran away
00:05:31
to their dugout, it’s interesting
00:05:34
since then in the European Union it’s a tradition
00:05:45
why they’re all talking about the Western
00:05:47
Roman Empire is that Despite the fact
00:05:50
that the Byzantine eastern part of the empire
00:05:53
seems to be in
00:05:56
modern language, but at the same time in the
00:05:59
west
00:06:01
there was the city of Rome where the vicar of the
00:06:04
Holy Apostle Peter sat, the Pope of Rome,
00:06:07
who was considered the senior Christian
00:06:11
patriarch at that time, as at this time
00:06:15
at this time has long
00:06:17
existed, so to speak And there is that the so-
00:06:18
called pentarchy, that is, 5 archons,
00:06:23
this is the Patriarch of Rome, the
00:06:27
Patriarch of Constantinople, the Patriarch of
00:06:29
Alexandria, the Patriarch of Antioch and the
00:06:32
Patriarch of Jerusalem who
00:06:35
ruled over the entire space of the
00:06:38
Christian Church on both sides of the
00:06:41
Mediterranean Sea,
00:06:43
it was all called the Western Patriarchate and the
00:06:46
Eastern Patriarchate 4 pieces,
00:06:51
while there was a hierarchy of exactly in the
00:06:54
order in which I listed, sorry, I’ll
00:06:56
interrupt again for the stupid, they were still
00:06:59
united, it wasn’t divided there into
00:07:01
Catholic,
00:07:04
everything is called the Catholic Church, that
00:07:08
is, universal, many don’t know, Catholic is
00:07:10
universal, that’s what we’re
00:07:15
called, that’s what we’re called with Catholics, actually
00:07:16
Who doesn’t know we are Orthodox, they are
00:07:18
Catholics, we are called absolutely the
00:07:19
same
00:07:21
then everything still existed, according to the
00:07:24
precepts of Augustine the Blessed, who
00:07:27
said that the dogmas of uniformity in
00:07:30
rituals, diversity in the rest, love
00:07:32
is there. The only thing that did not
00:07:34
work out with love, and everything else took place
00:07:38
because all the churches differed in one way or another
00:07:41
in the ritual parts of this are sometimes also
00:07:44
very strong, but in general this did
00:07:47
not bother anyone until a certain point.
00:07:49
But in the ninth century it began to
00:07:51
worry very much because
00:07:56
Constantinople,
00:07:58
as the center of the Eastern Roman Empire and
00:08:01
as the bearer of the
00:08:02
Patriarchate of Constantinople itself,
00:08:05
suddenly began to argue with the Pope
00:08:08
about who in general, this was most importantly
00:08:12
connected, of course, with the fact that it was in the
00:08:15
ninth century
00:08:16
in the eighth-ninth century, and especially in the 9th
00:08:19
century, that the Western Roman Empire again
00:08:21
gained strength, connected, of course, with the name of
00:08:24
Charlemagne, who led expansion
00:08:27
to the north and east, thus
00:08:30
directly ending up
00:08:33
on the borders of the Eastern Roman empire and
00:08:37
clashed with it with interests,
00:08:39
including church ones, therefore, as we
00:08:42
understand, priests always came along with the armies,
00:08:47
and the Byzantines, in the same way,
00:08:51
priests always came along with the armies, and often the
00:08:53
priests came first and then the armies came,
00:08:58
which we had at that time Byzantium
00:09:01
Byzantium In 843, the triumph of Orthodoxy took place. A
00:09:04
holiday that is
00:09:06
solemnly celebrated in the first week of
00:09:08
Lent to this day, it was the
00:09:10
iconoclasts who were defeated under the Empress Theodora, the
00:09:13
comfortable and young emperors
00:09:15
Michael 3, then he was only three years old. What did the
00:09:17
iconoclasts do not
00:09:19
want to draw? They said that
00:09:21
worship of icons is worship of idols.
00:09:24
Because that it is impossible to pray to the board so that,
00:09:28
accordingly, the icon admirers are exactly
00:09:31
the opposite, the struggle was long and cruel
00:09:33
Let's be honest, this went far beyond the
00:09:36
limits of the doctrinal field,
00:09:40
this part of the
00:09:41
Byzantine elite joined as the
00:09:44
setters,
00:09:45
meaning first of all that for
00:09:48
specific economic and political
00:09:49
interests and adopted
00:09:51
dialogues for the set up the other, on the contrary, along with the
00:09:54
cathedrals there were clashes on
00:09:57
this issue, here is the final victory
00:09:59
over the treaties, this is the year 843 they had there. At the
00:10:02
cathedrals there were fights like in the Ukrainian Rada
00:10:07
before, by the way, at one time when
00:10:10
the truth was much earlier when they condemned the
00:10:12
Arian
00:10:14
heresy.
00:10:15
Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker approached Arius
00:10:18
and the scoundrel personally hit him in the face
00:10:22
with his hand
00:10:26
and that was the end of the Arian heresy
00:10:29
or the Italian heresy flourished. There
00:10:32
was such a people as the Goths.
00:10:48
[music]
00:10:53
was silent
00:10:56
if we get distracted then
00:11:00
it was very different, especially since the questions are not
00:11:04
quite medieval antique at all
00:11:12
at this time no one is elected as a metropolitan
00:11:17
patriarch some Ignatius
00:11:22
the monk he was very unlucky in his life during the
00:11:27
previous reign during one of the
00:11:31
uprisings he was emasculated After which he
00:11:33
immediately became a very aesthetic way of
00:11:35
life, for which the monks loved him very much
00:11:36
because he didn’t get drunk there, he didn’t
00:11:39
debauch, he didn’t really manage to
00:11:41
do it after the insult, he became a holy
00:11:44
man.
00:11:45
And how did it happen? History
00:11:47
is silent about what they grabbed him. How
00:11:50
exactly did they grab him?
00:11:52
I don’t know for sure, but
00:11:55
this happened to him under Emperor
00:11:57
Michael the First, Ragnar,
00:11:59
much long before the events described, he
00:12:02
was already, in general, not a
00:12:04
young man at that time, as is now fashionable to
00:12:07
say, and persecuted and depressed. Ignatiev
00:12:11
directed some energy towards the development of piety,
00:12:15
developed well in the end he became
00:12:17
the patriarch and he was directly supported by the
00:12:21
Pope
00:12:25
on the one hand, it’s good because the
00:12:28
Frankish troops on the one hand are
00:12:31
actively developing the Slavic lands, the Byzantine
00:12:35
troops at this time give a very strong
00:12:38
rebuff to the Arabs, they go on
00:12:39
a counter-offensive,
00:12:41
they fight very successfully in the
00:12:43
Arab territories themselves,
00:12:45
everything was that would be great, but since I said
00:12:48
that
00:12:50
there was a conflict of interests,
00:12:54
the emperor of Constantinople very
00:12:56
quickly realized that having with him a
00:13:00
protégé of the Pope or at
00:13:03
least his friend whom he supports
00:13:05
at his side is not very smart.
00:13:08
More precisely, he understood this is not quite an
00:13:13
emperor because Michael the third has
00:13:15
in history, the nickname is the mythist, a drunkard,
00:13:19
and Mythistofel is an alcoholic, Genistofel,
00:13:23
I don’t know,
00:13:25
but he had a mentor such as Uncle
00:13:29
Varda, the brother of his mother Theodora. So in
00:13:34
856, together with his nephew, they overthrew the
00:13:39
co-ruler of Michael 3, Theodora, and
00:13:43
put her in a monastery. 856 was
00:13:47
actually Michael the Third Judging apparently he
00:13:49
began to drink pleasure on Varda
00:13:51
and began to rule on his behalf and apparently was a
00:13:54
very good manager. Because
00:13:56
we came and the military affairs developed quite
00:13:59
successfully. And in particular,
00:14:03
the University of Constantinople was organized, from
00:14:06
which such a famous philosopher
00:14:08
Leo the mathematician became, from whose school
00:14:12
many worthy people came out, in particular
00:14:15
he was such a very enlightened man
00:14:18
who was repeatedly told this was the
00:14:20
future Patriarch Photius, who was not a
00:14:22
monk at all, he was, he had a brilliant
00:14:25
bureaucratic career and at the same time was
00:14:27
one of the most educated people of his
00:14:29
time, he was fluent in rhetoric, he was a
00:14:33
philosopher,
00:14:34
he knew a lot about theology. Let's just
00:14:37
say that the rest of philosophy was
00:14:40
directly connected apparently from there came
00:14:43
Constantine, the philosopher, the future
00:14:46
Slavic Saint Cyril,
00:14:49
that is, they apparently were well acquainted with the
00:14:52
future patriarch, and so
00:14:56
when
00:14:57
the empress was overthrown, she supported the
00:15:00
metropolitan patriarch Ignatius,
00:15:03
Ignatius was forced to resign in
00:15:06
his place in 6 days they brought a
00:15:09
brilliant politician and a courtier
00:15:12
philosopher to the Patriarchal throne and the scientist Photius, he just had to be
00:15:14
carried from the bird to the archbishop in 6 days
00:15:18
deftly and then appointed patriarch, such an
00:15:22
operational combination because he
00:15:26
was his own pro-Byzantine minded
00:15:28
and brilliantly educated person, which is important
00:15:30
for the patriarch, of course the time
00:15:32
was completely delighted with this, that’s how it was
00:15:37
they sent
00:15:40
Byzantium legates with questions Dear,
00:15:44
come to your senses, what's going on
00:15:47
legates Who is this no no these were
00:15:51
representatives of the Pope of Rome, naturally
00:15:54
all monks and priests
00:15:58
But what did they notice that I apologize
00:16:03
before they did this before as they say
00:16:06
it didn’t bother anyone and you have the same thing there
00:16:08
time happens Also periodically again
00:16:10
does not bother anyone and in the end
00:16:12
Stop hosting the time of
00:16:14
our Constantinople dissidents
00:16:16
as in the famous humoresque and he answers me so
00:16:19
politely in Moscow And what the
00:16:23
hell is your father
00:16:31
so these were the name of the legates Rudol you
00:16:35
Zacharias they
00:16:36
spent a long time in Constantinople dispute
00:16:40
Or is it possible that even though he could be a patriarch, the photik
00:16:42
of that time was already a patriarch for a long time in
00:16:43
general for everyone who perfectly arranged On the
00:16:45
spot but was assembled in
00:16:48
859 861, two councils in a row. We, too,
00:16:52
they once talked about a double
00:16:54
council, the so-called where the photia of their
00:16:56
Roman colleagues brilliantly defeated in the
00:16:59
religious path, they apparently received
00:17:02
good bribes at the same time and returned them
00:17:04
very satisfied photos they said that
00:17:11
Yes, after which Pope Nicholas Pope
00:17:15
Nicholas immediately put them aside from the church
00:17:22
[music]
00:17:25
the pope was not at a loss. In 863, the
00:17:28
Lateran Council was declared where the Western
00:17:32
Roman the church anathematized the photia
00:17:36
and what does this mean they received from the church to the
00:17:39
patriarchs he can’t be at all, he does
00:17:42
n’t even have the right to go to church anymore, he’s
00:17:44
no longer a Christian he was excommunicated from
00:17:46
the church cleverly as I already said
00:17:51
during our last interview, although he was
00:17:52
not at a loss, he gathered the council received from the
00:17:55
church the Pope of Rome,
00:17:57
this reminds me of the Venetians I dearly loved
00:18:01
who were constantly excommunicated
00:18:04
from the church And the rain said this our
00:18:07
church obeys the dose we continue
00:18:09
to listen
00:18:16
here I must say supported
00:18:20
Constantinople Eastern Patriarchate
00:18:22
Junior that is, endiochia Jerusalem
00:18:25
Alexandria and in general for a while
00:18:31
the pope had nothing left do how to
00:18:33
wipe yourself off Frankly speaking, at the same time,
00:18:36
wipe yourself off, but
00:18:39
the troops
00:18:41
and diplomatic missions of the Western
00:18:44
Roman Empire by that time were firmly
00:18:46
based on the Western Slavic lands
00:18:49
absolutely about

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